System Thinking Using Mind Manager and Ms-project for Educational Innovation

2024江苏宿迁第一高级中学高一英语月考试题（试卷满分120分考试时间100分钟）一、阅读理解（2.5*20=50分）AWant to know all the ins-and-outs regarding the Paris 2024 Olympics? Then you’ve come to the right place! Below you will find all the information about the new Olympic sports.Olympic skateboardingWho will follow in the footsteps of Momiji Nishiya, the first Olympic skateboarding champion, who was crowned at the last Games at the age of 13? The answer will be revealed in Paris this summer. Speed, technique, mastery of the board will be required to successfully perform the most beautiful tricks.Olympic sports climbingWith its second time entering the Olympics, sports climbing has three branches: Speed, Bouldering and Lead. Speed is all about the speed of climbing. Bouldering is all about climbing a boulder on a wall and Lead requires athletes to climb a difficult route 20 meters high.Olympic surfingThe Olympics will be held in Paris, but what about Olympic surfing? There is one venue that is literally on the other side of the world. The location Teahupoo, on the island of Tahiti, is where Olympic surfing will take place. This island is part of French Polynesia, between Australia and South America.Olympic breakdancingBreakdancing is the new Olympic sport that will make its first appearance in Paris 2024. How to establish a grading system without taking away the artistic freedom at the same time? The points should be based on creativity and musicality, a gray area that depends a lot on feeling and thus has a lot of subjectivity to it.Looking for a handy list of all sports? Click here! Throughout Paris there are all kinds of stadiums and arenas (竞技场) where sporting events are held. Not only Paris itself, but also the surrounding suburbs of the capital of France set the stage for the Olympic Games!1．Which sport is entering the Olympics for the first time in Paris 2024?A．Olympic skateboarding.B．Olympic sports climbing.C．Olympic surfing.D．Olympic breakdancing.2．Which of the following statements is correct?A．Skateboarding requires a high level of physical strength.B．Each sports climbing branch focuses on a different skill.C．All the four sports events will be held in Paris.D．The scoring of breakdancing is highly objective.3．Where is the text probably taken from?A．A sports website.B．A health magazine.C．A travel brochure.D．An Olympic news report.BThe practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic (怀旧的) skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful — both in school and in life.Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks — both on a computer and by hand. The study, published last year, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas,” Berninger said.“Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (转换) those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. “Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words,” says Berninger, “but also to find out spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.”“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spellchecks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”4．What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?A．The importance of writing by hand.B．The lack of practice in handwriting.C．The use of new technologies like computers and smartphones.D．The belief that handwriting skills are unnecessary for success.5．Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?A．Spelling improves one’s long-run memory of words.B．Spelling ability is closely connected to writing ability.C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.D．Spelling slows down finding right words to express ideas.6．What does the underlined expression “mind’s eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Wind.B．Spirit.C．Imagination.D．Picture.7．What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?A．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.C．Computers can help people with their choice of words.D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.CWe are now having face- to- face chats with friends instead of talking online. But have you ever been in a conversation that you wish you could run away from? Scientists have proved that you might not be alone.A research team surveyed 806 participants (参与者) about a recent conversation they had with someone close to them. The participants were asked about the actual length and their expected length of the conversation, and how long they thought the other person wanted to talk for.About one-third of the conversation length was unwanted, according to the team’s paper published in thejournal PNAS. Also, more participants believed that they wanted to end the conversation first. On average, they continued talking for 3.87 minutes before they found that the other speaker wished the same thing. Situations are similar when it comes to strangers. Only about 1.6 percent of the conversations ended when both parties wanted them to.The paper pointed out that when they talk to strangers, what makes people “mask their desires” may be their politeness. When talking to close friends and family, it may be their kindness as ending the chat too soon may hurt the other’s feelings.So, what is the best way to end a conversation? Saying you only have a certain amount of time to talk at the start of the chat is a good place to start. “Remember conversations don’t end because people don’t know when the other person wants to go,” Adam Mastroianni who led the study told the Inverse website. You should make your partner feel good about the end of the chat by “clearly communicating that you had a nice time and would like to talk again”.Mastroianni also suggested that the difficulty in ending conversations may be a “coordination (协调) problem”. It’s hard to tell your grandma you want to get off the phone just because you want the conversation to be over, for example.However, in some ways, this dilemma (困境) may not be a bad thing. People need social connections, and conversation is a good way to make these connections happen.8．What did the researchers find out in their survey?A．Most conversations ended when both speakers wanted.B．Nearly half of the length of conversations was unwanted.C．Ending conversations with strangers was easier than with friends.D．Many people want to escape the conversation longer than they expect.9．Why do people tend to hide their desire to end the conversation with strangers?A．To show their politeness.B．To gain social connections.C．To avoid hurting others’ feelings.D．To make the conversation last longer.10．According to Adam Mastroianni, what is an effective way to end a conversation?A．Saying goodbye immediately.B．Clearly communicating your desire.C．Expressing your eagerness to talk again.D．Reminding the other of your limited time.11．What is the author’s attitude towards the dilemma of ending conversations?A．Negative.B．Positive.C．Indifferent.D．Doubtful.DMosquitoes (蚊子) carry malaria (疟疾), which kills thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering (基因工程) to make them into partners in the fight against the disease.For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations. “But that approach is short-term,” says Anthony James, a professor of biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine, “because mosquitoes are very tough little insects, and their populations can quickly increase.”Therefore, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into malaria-fighting warriors, which is completely different from traditional ways of controlling malaria.To understand how it works, it helps to understand the life cycle of malaria. The malaria pathogen (病原体) is a parasite (寄生虫) that grow inside humans. It’s passed via mosquitoes that move from person to person, sucking blood. “If we can make the mosquitoes difficult for the pathogens to survive, we can wipe out the disease,” he says. But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a Herculean task.To solve the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria, engineered those genes, and then gave them to the mosquitoes.It turned out the gene-edited mosquitoes worked very well. They reduced the number of parasites in the mosquito before they were passed to a human host.James’ team are now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be done on an island or in another isolated location.But genetically changing wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists. “There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that natural ways to reduce malaria appear to be showing promise, as does a new vaccine (疫苗) against the disease. “Why take unnecessary risks and use mosquitoes that can’t be controlled once sent into the wild?” she asks.12．What can we know from the second and third paragraphs?A．Mosquitoes can reproduce quickly.B．Mosquitoes can be easily controlled.C．Mosquitoes have killed thousands of people.D．Mosquitoes have been used to fight against malaria.13．What does the underlined phrase “a Herculean task” in Para.4 mean?A．A great comfort.B．A tough job.C．A narrow escape.D．A key factor.14．What is environmentalists’ attitude towards this new approach?A．Unconcerned.B．Positive.C．Negative.D．Unclear.15．What is the best title for the text?A．Preventing Malaria with a New Vaccine.B．Curing Malaria with Gene-edited mosquitoes.C．Limiting Malaria by Controlling Mosquito PopulationsD．Controlling Malaria by Engineering Mosquitoes’ GenesEWe all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most embarrassing situations. 16All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home. 17 Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. 18 For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back.Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right.So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods.19 You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time.20 Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others maypermit a much longer time limit. In any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.A．Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do.B．It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size. C．Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”.D．You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop.E．It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself.F．In that case, it is a different story.G．However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not ft or is not to your liking.二、完形填空（1*15=15分）During a recent long international trip, my youngest daughter got airsick (晕机) again. We were 21 our choices after landing in San Francisco for an overnight layover (中途停留) .When we stood in the middle of the terminal (航站楼) , not only 22 how to get to our hotel, but also debating whether or not we should just turn around and go home, a pilot 23 us. He quietly asked me if my 4-year-old daughter was the passenger who had gotten 24 on the flight. I nodded, half afraid someone was going to tell us we weren’t 25 to fly with her. 26 , he bent down to her level, opened up his bag and took out a pair of wings.While he was 27 the wings to her, the pilot kindly asked my young daughter how she was feeling. Like most kids, sometimes she is 28 about talking to strangers, but not this time. They spoke for 60 seconds, but in those 60 seconds, she went from feeling bad and 29 to walk around the airport to smiling 30 and jogging to the airport hotel.As he walked away, she smiled and said, “He 31 about me.” My daughter is still young, but she is old enough to feel special when a pilot wants to check in on her. In that moment, the pilot was exactly the right one to make her feel better about flying. He 32 our day by taking two minutes out of his time.It’s often the horror stories that make the headlines, but small, 33 moments are still happening all around us. I’m 34 to all in the travel industry —and beyond — that take those few minutes to make a 35 in the world.21．A．doubting B．presenting C．making D．exercising22．A．bringing out B．going through C．figuring out D．looking through 23．A．reminded B．balanced C．approached D．improved24．A．angry B．sick C．hungry D．thirsty25．A．encouraged B．recommended C．challenged D．allowed26．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides27．A．mentioning B．trying C．describing D．passing28．A．curious B．confident C．confused D．nervous29．A．refusing B．promising C．proposing D．deciding30．A．weakly B．unwillingly C．cheerfully D．regretfully31．A．thought B．cared C．exchanged D．complained32．A．influenced B．ruled C．saved D．wasted33．A．hair-raising B．jaw-dropping C．eye-opening D．heart-warming34．A．anxious B．attracted C．thankful D．amazed35．A．fortune B．difference C．wonder D．contribution三、语法填空（1.5*10=15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

思维导图的作用英语作文The Role of Mind Mapping in Learning and Problem-Solving.Mind mapping is a graphical representation of ideas, concepts, and their relationships. It is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the way people organize their thoughts, learn new information, and solve problems. The concept of mind mapping was first introduced by Tony Buzan in the 1970s, and it has since then gained immense popularity across various fields, including education, business, and personal development.Enhancing Learning.Mind mapping acts as a visual aid that helps learners retain and recall information more effectively. By creating a visual representation of a topic, it breaks down complex information into manageable chunks, making it easier to understand and remember. The use of colors, images, anddifferent shapes adds visual interest and stimulates both hemispheres of the brain, leading to better cognitive processing.Moreover, mind mapping encourages a nonlinear way of thinking. Instead of following a sequential path, learners can explore and connect ideas freely, promoting creativity and critical thinking. This nonlinear approach is particularly beneficial in subjects like science, where concepts are often interconnected and require a holistic understanding.Problem-Solving and Decision-Making.Mind mapping is also an excellent tool for problem-solving and decision-making. It helps individuals identify the root causes of a problem and generate potential solutions. By mapping out the various factors and their relationships, it becomes easier to identify patterns, trends, and gaps that might not be apparent in a linear text-based format.In the business context, mind mapping can be used to brainstorm ideas, plan projects, and analyze market trends. It can help teams collaborate effectively, combiningdifferent perspectives and expertise to arrive atinnovative solutions.Personal Development.Mind mapping is not just limited to academic and professional settings; it can also be used for personal development. For instance, it can help individuals set goals, plan their daily routines, and track their progress. By visually representing their thoughts and goals, people can stay motivated and focused on achieving their objectives.Mind mapping can also be used as a self-reflection tool. By mapping out their thoughts and emotions, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of themselves, their strengths, weaknesses, and preferences. This self-awareness can thenbe used to make better decisions, set realistic goals, and improve personal growth.Conclusion.In conclusion, mind mapping is a powerful tool that has the potential to transform the way we learn, solve problems, and develop ourselves. It encourages a nonlinear way of thinking, stimulates both hemispheres of the brain, and promotes creativity and critical thinking. Its visualnature makes it easy to understand and retain information, while its flexibility allows it to be used in a wide rangeof contexts, from classrooms to boardrooms and personal lives. As we increasingly rely on technology to process and organize information, the art of mind mapping remains a valuable skill that can help us stay connected to our thoughts and ideas, and harness the full potential of our minds.。

Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 2 Global E-Business and Collaboration1) Senior management is responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of the business. Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 44-45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) Operational-level manufacturing systems deal with the firm's long-term manufacturing goals, such as where to locate a new plant.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize, differentiate3) Transaction processing systems are most commonly encountered at the senior management level of an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension4) TPS help managers monitor the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension5) A hotel reservation system is a typical example of a management information system. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize6) The decision to grant credit to a customer is normally made by a senior manager. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension7) Transaction processing systems are the basic business systems that serve the operational level of the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension8) Management information systems primarily support nonroutine decision making. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Most MISs use sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is the responsibility of an operational manager.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize11) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension12) Decision-support systems often use information from external sources.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension13) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension14) ESSs are designed to incorporate data about external events, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) Information supplied by an enterprise system is structured around cross-functional business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension17) Supply chain management systems are more externally oriented than enterprise systems. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare18) Knowledge management systems are used to gather and distribute the firm's essential operational data, such as sales reports.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension19) Cell phones are one of the tools firms use to support teamwork and collaboration. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension20) The five basic entities that make up any business are suppliers, customers, employees, products and services, and:A) its environment.B) manufacturing and production.C) sales and marketing.D) invoices and payments.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) Promoting the organization's products or services is a responsibility of the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension22) Checking for product quality is an activity associated with the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) Which of the following is a cross-functional business process?A) Hiring an employeeB) Identifying a customerC) Fulfilling a customer orderD) Creating an invoiceAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 44AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension24) Employees that assist with paperwork at all levels of the firm are called:A) data workers.B) knowledge workers.C) operational management.D) service workers.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension25) The three principal levels of hierarchies within a business organization are:A) management, knowledge workers, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) management, data workers, and operational management.D) senior management, operational management, and workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension26) Key forces in a business's immediate environment include:A) regulations.B) technology.C) economy.D) politics.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 45-46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension27) Engineers and architects are examples of:A) senior management.B) production workers.C) knowledge workers.D) middle management.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension28) Which of the following is an example of a key force in a firm's broader, less immediate environment?A) stockholdersB) regulationsC) shipping firmsD) economic trendsAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension29) A computerized system that performs and records the daily dealings necessary to conduct business is classified as a(n):A) executive support system.B) management-level system.C) decision support system.D) transaction-processing system.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension30) Which type of system would you use to change a production schedule if a key supplier was late in delivering goods?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47-48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise31) A relocation control system that reports summaries on the total moving, house-hunting, and home financing costs for employees in all company divisions would fall into the category of:A) knowledge management systems.B) transaction support systems.C) executive-support systems.D) management information systems.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) The term "management information systems" designates a specific category of information systems serving:A) integrated data processing throughout the firm.B) transaction process reporting.C) senior managementD) middle management functions.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) These systems are designed to summarize and report on the company's basic operations.A) Management information systemsB) Decision-support systemsC) Executive information systemsD) Transaction processing systemsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) ________ support making decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Executive support systemsD) Decision-support systemsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension35) Which type of system would you use to determine the five suppliers with the worst record in delivering goods on time?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise36) These systems are especially suited to situations in which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Decision-support systemsD) Knowledge management systemsAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49-50AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize38) Decision-support systems are also referred to as:A) business information systems.B) business intelligence systems.C) executive support systems.D) business model systems.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) Executive support systems are information systems that support the:A) long-range planning activities of senior management.B) knowledge and data workers in an organization.C) decision-making and administrative activities of middle managers.D) day-to-day processes of production.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) ESS are specifically designed to serve the ________ level of the organization.A) operationalB) end-userC) middle managementD) senior managementAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Which type of system would you use to determine what trends in your supplier's industry will affect your firm the most in five years?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize42) ________ systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal.A) Transaction processingB) Executive supportC) Management informationD) Decision-supportAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension43) A POS system, such as the one selected by Johnny's Lunch in the chapter case study, falls into which category of information system?A) TPSB) KWSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 52AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize44) These systems are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integration.A) Decision-support systemsB) Management information systemsC) CRMD) Enterprise applicationsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) A(n) ________ collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business.A) transaction processing systemB) enterprise systemC) automatic reporting systemD) management information systemAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension46) What is the most important benefit of an enterprise application?A) Enabling speed of communicating.B) Enabling business functions and departments to share information.C) Enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers.D) Enabling cost-effective, e-business processes.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 53-54AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of appraise, evaluate47) ________ systems integrate and share information from suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and logistics companies.A) Collaborative distributionB) Supply-chain managementC) Reverse logisticsD) Enterprise planningAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension48) ________ systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention.A) CRMB) MISC) ESSD) CPSAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension49) Which type of information system would an intranet be most easily adapted to?A) CRMB) MISC) TPSD) KMSAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together50) Which of the following types of system could be used to enable different firms to work collaboratively on a product?A) intranetB) extranetC) KMSD) CRMAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of appraise51) You manage the Information Systems department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution?A) CRMB) Enterprise systemC) ExtranetD) IntranetAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, choose52) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) an intranet.D) an extranet.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) The use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) enterprise applications.D) MIS.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension54) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their client's frequently updated branding and style guides to all of their branches. The guides include multiple image files and text documents. What system will best serve these needs?A) A wikiB) An extranet with KMS capabilitiesC) A TPS with KMS capabilitiesD) An ESS with collaboration capabilitiesAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 54-65AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together55) Interaction jobs are those jobs which:A) are in the service sector and require close coordination, and collaboration.B) involve knowledge that can't be put into an information system.C) are performed typically by operational-level employees.D) require intense levels of interaction with clients.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 57AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) You have been hired by Inspiration Inc, to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the U.S. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin?A) Extranet, to enable quick collaboration over the Internet, minimize the time spent communicating with the client, and minimize the amount of paperwork neededB) CRM, to maintain easily accessible customer records to minimize the time spent looking for client dataC) KMS, for minimizing redundant work on similar clientsD) Video conferencing system, for improving collaborationAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 55-61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together57) In a business environment, the focus of collaboration is to:A) accomplish the task at hand.B) provide a sense of community.C) foster better communication.D) prevent miscommunication.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension58) Which of the following statements is NOT true about collaboration in a business setting?A) Collaboration may be a short-lived activity, lasting just a few minutes.B) Collaboration is a many-to-many activity as opposed to a one-to-one or one-to-many activity.C) Meaningful collaboration requires a supportive business firm culture and the right, decentralized structure.D) The evidence of the business benefits of collaboration are largely anecdotal.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 56-59AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension59) Which of the following tools is NOT one of the most important 15 types of collaboration software tools?A) screen sharingB) video streamingC) video conferencingD) e-mail and instant messagingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension60) A wiki is a type of:A) social networking site.B) blogging.C) video conferencing.D) Web site designed for collaborative writing and editing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) Second Life is an example of a:A) virtual world.B) wiki.C) social networking site.D) mind mapping tool.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) The most widely used collaboration software tool used by very large firms is:A) Lotus Notes.B) Microsoft SharePoint.C) Google Apps.D) Onehub.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 65AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) What analytical framework discussed in the chapter helps understand and evaluate the benefits and uses of collaboration tools?A) cost/use matrixB) task/time matrixC) space/cost matrixD) time/space matrixAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) Which of the following collaboration tools would be appropriate for participants in separate locations who need to collaborate synchronously?A) blogB) team roomC) electronic meeting softwareD) group calendarAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare65) The ________ is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.A) CPOB) CKOC) CIOD) CIPAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) The principal liaison between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n):A) programmer.B) information systems manager.C) systems analyst.D) CIO.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm.A) CEOB) CFOC) CIOD) CITAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension68) Development and support services for a firm's business systems are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) Policies that determine which information technology will be used, when, and how are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension70) A(n) ________ is a set of logically related activities for accomplishing a specific business result.Answer: business processDiff: 1 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension71) A firm depends heavily on its ________ to supply capital, labor, customers, new technology, services and products, stable markets and legal systems, and general educational resources. Answer: environmentDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firm's workforce.Answer: human resourcesDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) Managers need ________ systems to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: transaction processingDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) A(n) ________ is used by middle management to support nonroutine decision making. Answer: decision-support system/DSSDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) ________ applications span the entire firm, integrating information from multiple functions and business processes to enhance the performance of the organization as a whole.Answer: EnterpriseDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) Supply chain management systems are one type of ________ system because they automate the flow of information across organizational boundaries.Answer: interorganizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) ________ are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.Answer: ProgrammersDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) ________ are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed.Answer: End usersDiff: 2 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) ________ technology allows a videoconference participant to give the appearance of being present at a location other than his or her true physical location.Answer: TelepresenceDiff: 3 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Identify the different types of systems used for the different levels of management in a business.Answer: The types of information systems used for different levels of management are transaction processing systems (TPS), management information systems (MIS), decision-support systems (DSS), and executive support systems (ESS). TPS, such as payroll or order processing, track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are necessary to conduct business. They are used by operational managers to manage day-to-day operations. MIS summarize and report on the c ompany’s basic operations using data supplied by TPS. They provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance and are not highly analytical. DSS also support middle management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing, and not specified easily in advance. They use advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities and often draw on information from external as well as internal sources. ESS support senior management by providing data of greatest importance to senior management decision makers. ESS provide a generalized computing and communications capacity that can be applied to a changing array of problems. ESS present graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior managers to use, often a portal.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 47-51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of generalize81) In your opinion, what are at least three factors that contribute to the difficulty of integrating systems for different organizational levels and functions within an organization? Support your answer.Answer: An example answer is: Three factors that can contribute include different computing environments; different data kept; and employee resistance. Different computing environments can make it difficult in terms of programming to connect the systems together. If the systems have kept different types of data and different records, this may also be a hindrance. For example, if some elements in a database are recorded differently, such as a customer ID not being the same in one area as another, this would make consistency a problem and may contribute to redundant information. There may also be resistance to adopting new, integrative systems that are more efficient because these may change business processes and the functions of employees. People working in an organization may not want to lose the responsibilities they have and the functions they understand.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, compare82) Discuss at least three reasons why collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever.Answer: Collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever for a variety of reasons. For one, the nature of work has changed from factory manufacturing andpre-computer office work. Today, the kinds of jobs we have require much closer coordination and interaction among the parties involved in producing the service or product. Another reason is that the organization of work has changed. For most of the industrial age, work was organized in a hierarchical fashion. Orders came down the hierarchy, and responses moved back up the hierarchy. Today, work is organized into groups and teams, who are expected to develop their own methods for accomplishing the task. Senior managers observe and measure results, but are much less likely to issue detailed orders or operating procedures. Another reason is the need to manage work from global locations: The work of the firm has changed from a single location to multiple locations - offices throughout a region, a nation, or even around the globe. Global competition also places a premium on innovation. Innovation is a group and social process, and most innovations derive from collaboration among individuals in a lab, a business, or government agencies. Strong collaborative practices and technologies are believed to increase the rate and quality of innovation. Overall, most research on collaboration supports the notion that diverse teams produce better outputs, faster, than individuals working on their own.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57-58AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of propose83) Identify and describe at least four business benefits of collaboration? Which do you feel is the most important and why?Answer: Business benefits from collaboration are (1) productivity; (2) quality; (3) innovation;(4) customer service; and (5) financial performance. Collaboration helps productivity because people working together on a task can complete the task more quickly. It helps quality because people working together will be more able to correct each other's mistakes. It helps innovation because people working in groups come up with more ideas than those working in isolation. It helps customer service because teams can solve customer complaints more quickly together rather than working in isolation. And as a result of all of these benefits, collaboration helps finance, because collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth, and financial performance. Student evaluations will vary: for example, the most important of the benefits might be: innovation, because new products, services, and means of production are at the heart of being able to outperform your competitors.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58-59AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of compare, assess。

英语试卷 第 1 页（共 12 页）英语试卷 第 2 页（共 12 页）考生号绝密★启用前2020 年 7 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英 语选择题部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是 C 。

1. What will the speakers do tonight?A. Visit Mary.B. Go out of town.C. Host a dinner.2. How does the woman go to work this week? A. By car.B. By bike.C. On foot.3. What time does Dave's meeting start?A. At 8:30.B. At 9:00.C. At 10:00.4. What is Helen going to do? A. Buy some books.B. Study in the library.C. Attend a history class.5. What is the woman's feeling now?A. Relief.B. Regret.C. Embarrassment.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

As a high school student, the journey to enhance my thinking abilities has been a challenging yet rewarding experience. Its not just about memorizing facts or figures its about developing a mindset that can dissect complex problems, synthesize information, and come up with innovative solutions. Heres a narrative of how Ive been working on sharpening my cognitive skills.It all started with a realization that my thought process was somewhat linear and lacked the depth required to tackle the multifaceted problems I encountered in my studies and beyond. I knew I needed to change my approach to learning and thinking.Stepping Out of My Comfort ZoneThe first step was to step out of my comfort zone. I began to engage with subjects that were unfamiliar and challenging. This included taking advanced courses in mathematics and philosophy, which forced me to think critically and abstractly. The initial struggle was immense, but gradually, I started to appreciate the beauty of complex ideas and the satisfaction that came with understanding them.Reading Widely and DiverselyNext, I immersed myself in a diverse range of literature. From classic novels that explored human nature to scientific journals that discussed cuttingedge research, reading widely expanded my horizons. It wasnt just about the content it was about learning to analyze different writing styles,argument structures, and the way information was presented. This helped me to develop a more nuanced understanding of the world and improved my ability to synthesize knowledge from various sources.Participating in Debates and DiscussionsActive participation in debates and discussions was another pivotal part of my journey. Engaging with peers who held different viewpoints pushed me to articulate my thoughts clearly and listen to counterarguments. This not only honed my argumentative skills but also taught me the importance of empathy and understanding different perspectives.Practicing Mindfulness and ReflectionI also learned the importance of mindfulness and reflection. Taking time to pause and reflect on my thoughts and actions helped me to become more selfaware. It allowed me to identify any biases or preconceived notions that might have been clouding my judgment. This practice of introspection has been invaluable in refining my thinking process.Utilizing Technology and ToolsIn todays digital age, technology plays a significant role in learning. I made use of various apps and online platforms that are designed to enhance cognitive abilities. From braintraining games that improve memory and concentration to online courses that delve into critical thinking techniques, these tools have been instrumental in my development.Applying Critical Thinking in Daily LifeFinally, I started applying the principles of critical thinking to everyday situations. Whether it was making a decision about which college to apply to or solving a problem at home, I made a conscious effort to think through the options methodically. This practical application of my enhanced thinking skills solidified my learning and made it an integral part of my life.Throughout this process, Ive come to understand that improving ones thinking ability is not a onetime task but a continuous journey of learning and growth. It requires patience, persistence, and a willingness to embrace challenges. As I look back on my journey, I am proud of the progress Ive made and excited about the continued development of my cognitive abilities. The world is complex, and I am now better equipped to navigate it with a more open, analytical, and innovative mind.。

上半年《英语知识与教学能力》（高中）试题(附答案).第 1 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Which of the following is the feature shared by the Englishphonemes/m/and/p/?{A}. Voiced.{B}. Voiceless.{C}. Bilabial.{D}. Dental.正确答案：C,第 2 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Which of the following is true of English sound system?{A}. Aspiration is a distinctive feature.{B}. Voicing is a distinctive phonetic feature.{C}. Nasalization of vowels gives rise to another vowel.{D}. Length of vowels differentiates one vowel from the other. 正确答案：B,第 3 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Though the government encourages foreign investment,__________ investors arereluctant to commit fimds in the current climate situation in the country.{A}. potential{B}. affluent{C}. optimistic{D}. solid正确答案：A,第 4 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >The man __________ the dark glasses fled away from the spot veryrapidly.{A}. in{B}. at{C}. of{D}. by正确答案：A,第 5 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >The morpheme \"-ceive\" in the word \"conceive\" isa__________.{A}. stem{B}. root{C}. allomorph{D}. suffix正确答案：B,第 6 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >There is no need__________ to teach children how to behave. {A}. however{B}. whatsoever{C}. forever{D}. whenever正确答案：B,第 7 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >__________advance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis.{A}. So rapid is the rate of progress that{B}. Rapid as the rate of progress is that{C}. So rapid is the rate of progress as{D}. Rapid as the rate of progress as正确答案：A,第 8 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Tom, see that your sister gets safely back, __________?{A}. can you{B}. won't we{C}. won' t you{D}. should we正确答案：C,第 9 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >What rhetoric device is used in the sentence \"This is a successfulfailure\"?{A}. Simile{B}. Metonymy{C}. Metaphor{D}. Oxymoron正确答案：D,第 10 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >The expression\"As far as I know ...\" suggests that peopleusually observe the Maxim of __________ in their daily conversations.{A}. Quantity{B}. Quality{C}. Relevance{D}. Manner正确答案：B,第 11 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >When the teacher attempts to elicit more information from the students bysaying \"And...?\",\"Good. Anything else?\", etc, he/she isplaying the role of a __________.{A}. prompter{B}. participant{C}. manager{D}. consultant正确答案：A,第 12 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >For more advanced learners, group work may be more appropriate thanpair work for tasks that are__________.{A}. linguistically simple{B}. structurally controlled{C}. cognitively challenging{D}. thematically non-demanding正确答案：C,第 13 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >When you focus on \"utterance function\" and \"expectedresponse\" by using examples like\"Here you are\",\"Thanks\", you are probably teaching language at the __________.{A}. lexical level{B}. sentence level{C}. grammatical level{D}. discourse level正确答案：D,第 14 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Which of the following tasks fails to encourage active language use?{A}. Reciting a text.{B}. Bargaining in a shop.{C}. Writing an application letter.{D}. Reading to get a message.正确答案：A,第 15 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words in fast reading.{A}. take notes{B}. ask for help{C}. guess meaning from context{D}. look up the words in a dictionary正确答案：C,第 16 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Which of the following statements about task design is incorrect?{A}. Activities must have clear and attainable objectives.{B}. Activities should be confined to the classroom context.{C}. Activities must be relevant to students' life experiences.{D}. Activities should help develop students' language ability. 正确答案：B,第 17 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >If someone says \"I know the word\", he should not only understandits meaning but also be able to pronounce, spell, and __________ it.{A}. explain{B}. recognize{C}. memorize{D}. use正确答案：D,第 18 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Teachers could encourage students to use__________ to gather and organizetheir ideas for writing.{A}. eliciting{B}. mind mapping{C}. explaining{D}. brainstorming正确答案：B,第 19 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >When students are asked to go to the local museum, libraries, etc. tofind out information about endangered animals and work out a plan for anexhibition, they are doing a(n) __________.{A}. survey{B}. experiment{C}. project{D}. presentation正确答案：C,第 20 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >Which of the following tasks fails to develop students′ skill ofrecognizing discourse patterns?{A}. Analyzing the structure of difficult sentences.{B}. Checking the logic of the author's arguments.{C}. Getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.{D}. Marking out common openers to stories and jokes.正确答案：A,第 21 题 (单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) > 未分类 >请阅读Passage l，完成小题。

Chapter 2课本第一章An Era of Change改变的年代、时代Introduction引言There has been a transformation（转化、变革）in the management of the public sectors of advanced countries.在发达国家的公共部门的管理已经有了一个变革。

This new paradigm poses（形成，造成）a direct challenge to several of what had previously been regarded as fundamental principles of traditional public administration.这个新的范例对几个原先被认为是传统公共行政的基础规则提出了直接挑战。

These seven seeming verities（真理）have been challenged.这几个真理被挑战。

Economic problems in the 1980s meant governments reassessed（重新评估）their bureaucracies and demanded changes. 1980s的经济问题意味着政府重新评估他们的官僚制并且需要改变。

All these points will be discussed at greater length（长度）later, but the main point is there has been total change in a profession that saw little change for around a hundred years.这些观点会在以后做更大范围的讨论，但是这里强调的主要是一点：一百年来很少发生变革的公共职业领域发生了全面变革。

A new paradigm一个新的范例There is some debate over whether or not public managemnet, particularly the new public management, is a new paradigm for public sector management.有个争论，关于公共管理尤其是新的公共管理是不是公共部门管理的一个新的范例。

Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career1) Internet advertising is growing at a rate of more than 30 percent a year.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension3) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the hardware and software needed.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension4) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension5) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, while computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension6) The dimensions of information systems are people, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension7) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the history and culture of the company.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension8) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, or hiring a new employee are all examples of business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Business processes are those logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Employee attitudes about their jobs, employers, or technology can have a powerful effect on their abilities to use information systems productively.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension11) A network requires at least three computers and a shared resource.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension12) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension13) UPS's use of Web-based tools that allow customers to embed UPS functions such as tracking and cost calculations into their own Web sites was an information systems solution used to achieve customer intimacy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 18AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Comprehension14) Identifying a problem includes agreeing that a problem exists.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) Political conflict is an example of the people dimension of business problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) As a result of new public laws, accountants are beginning to perform more technical duties, such as auditing systems and networks.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension17) Forensic accounting is used to investigate bankruptcies and contract disputes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension18) An understanding of enterprise-wide systems for customer relationship management is one of the skills relevant to careers in marketing.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension19) Whereas marketing and financial careers have been transformed by the growth in information systems, management has–so far–remained relatively unaffected.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension20) There are two types of outsourcing: offshore outsourcing and foreign outsourcing. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 28AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) As discussed in the chapter opening case, the Yankees' use of information systems in their new stadium can be seen as an effort to achieve which of the primary business objectives?A) Operational excellenceB) SurvivalC) Customer and supplier intimacyD) Improved decision makingAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 3-4AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize22) Journalist Thomas Friedman's description of the world as "flat" referred to:A) the flattening of economic and cultural advantages of developed countries.B) the use of the Internet and technology for instantaneous communication.C) the reduction in travel times and the ubiquity of global exchange and travel.D) the growth of globalization.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 9AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) The six important business objectives of information technology are: new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision-making; competitive advantage; operational excellence, and:A) flexibility.B) survival.C) improved business practices.D) improved efficiency.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 10AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension24) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective of:A) survival.B) improved business practices.C) competitive advantage.D) improved flexibility.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension25) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real-time?A) 1 onlyB) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3D) 1, 2, and 3Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare26) Verizon's implementation of a Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers withreal-time information such as customer complaints is an example of:A) improved flexibility.B) improved decision-making.C) improved efficiency.D) customer and supplier intimacy.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize27) The move of retail banking to use ATMs after Citibank unveiled its first ATMs illustrates the information system business objective of:A) improved efficiency.B) customer and supplier intimacy.C) survival.D) competitive advantage.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize28) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support:A) decision making and control in an organization.B) communications and data flow.C) managers analyzing the organization's raw data.D) the creation of new products and services.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension29) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations are:A) information retrieval, research, and analysis.B) input, output, and feedback.C) input, processing, and output.D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension30) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples of:A) raw input.B) raw output.C) customer and product data.D) sales information.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize31) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example of:A) input.B) raw data.C) meaningful information.D) output.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) Output:A) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information.B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage.C) transfers raw data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called:A) capturing.B) processing.C) organizing.D) feedback.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) An example of raw data from a national chain of automobile stores would be:A) average of 13 Toyotas sold daily in Kentucky in 2007.B) 300 Toyota RAV4s sold during fourth quarter 2007 in Kentucky.C) 1 Toyota RAV4 sold January 7, 2008 in Louisville, Kentucky - $28000.D) annual sales of Toyota RAV4s increased 2.4 percent.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize35) Electronic computers and related software programs are the technical foundation, the tools and materials, of:A) all business procedures.B) information accumulation.C) modern information systems.D) all industrialized countries.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 14-15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension36) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is called:A) information systems literacy.B) information systems architecture.C) management information systems.D) information technology infrastructure.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) A hierarchy:A) results in a clear-cut division of labor.B) is composed primarily of experts trained for different functions.C) is a pyramid structure of rising authority and responsibility.D) is used primarily in large organizations to define job roles.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension38) In a hierarchical organization, the upper levels consist of:A) managerial and professional workers.B) managerial, professional, and technical workers.C) professional and operational workers.D) managerial, professional, and operational workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15-16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called its:A) culture.B) environment.C) atmosphere.D) values.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) Business processes:A) include informal work practices.B) are used primarily for sales and accounting functions.C) are governed by information technology.D) are logically related tasks used primarily by operational personnel.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Data management technology consists of:A) the physical hardware and media used by an organization for storing data.B) the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.C) the software governing the organization of data on physical storage media.D) the hardware and software used to transfer data.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension42) The hardware and software used to transfer data in an organization is called:A) data management technology.B) networking and data management technology.C) data and telecommunications technology.D) networking and telecommunications technology.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension43) An intranet uses:A) mainframe technology.B) infrared telecommunications systems.C) the telecommunications capacities of fiber optic networks.D) Internet technology within the boundaries of the firm.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension44) The first step in the four-step model of business problem solving is:A) agreeing that a problem exists.B) identifying the problem.C) outlining the problem's causes.D) assigning the problem to a problem solver.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) Inadequate database capacity is an example of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) technologyB) organizationalC) peopleD) managementAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize46) Legal and regulatory compliance is an example of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) managementB) organizationalC) peopleD) technologyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize47) Aging hardware and outdated software are examples of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) technologyB) managementC) information systemsD) organizationalAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize48) Poor business processes and unsupportive culture are examples of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) managementB) organizationalC) peopleD) infrastructureAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize49) The owners of Speed-EZ, a new bike messenger service, are concerned about how they will manage their messengers once they have left the office. This is a business problem that falls into the:A) management dimension.B) people dimension.C) organizational dimension.D) technology dimension.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize50) Flapjack Flats, a new pancake chain, is having difficulty finding pancake chefs. This is a business problem that falls into the:A) management dimension.B) people dimension.C) organizational dimension.D) technical dimension.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize51) In choosing the best solution for a business problem, one of the most important considerations is:A) change management.B) existing resources and skills.C) employee training.D) outcome measurement.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of predicting52) The final step in the four-step model of business problem solving is:A) outcome.B) implementation.C) change management.D) feedback.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) Which of the following would not be considered part of the implementation phase of problem solving?A) change managementB) purchasing hardware for an information systems solutionC) training an employee on new systems softwareD) evaluating a selection of software packages for implementing a new business process Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 22-23AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize54) The failure of NASA's initial solution to preventing the space shuttle shedding foam illustrates:A) the importance of training employees on new business processes.B) the need to prepare for measuring outcomes of a business solution.C) the continuous nature of problem solving.D) the need to quickly adapt to new technological innovations.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare55) One of the most frequent errors in problem solving is:A) rushing to judgment.B) not being aware of personal limitations.C) being too doubtful.D) following a rote pattern of decision making.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) A major criterion in deciding the most important perspectives of a business problem is:A) implementation.B) change management.C) usefulness.D) organizational needs.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 24AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension57) Which of the following is an example of a business using information systems to create new products and services?A) Apple's creation of the iPodB) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replacedC) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto makerD) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managersAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize58) An example of a business using information systems to attain competitive advantage is:A) Apple's creation of the iPod.B) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replaced.C) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto maker.D) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managers.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize59) An example of a business using information systems for customer and supplier intimacy is:A) Apple's creation of the iPod.B) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replaced.C) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto maker.D) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize60) An information skill important for an accounting major would be:A) an understanding of system and network security issues.B) an understanding of product management enterprise systems.C) an understanding of supplier management enterprise systems.D) an understanding of enterprise systems that enhance leadership.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) An information skill important for a marketing major would be:A) an understanding of system and network security issues.B) an understanding of product management enterprise systems.C) an understanding of supplier management enterprise systems.D) an understanding of enterprise systems that enhance leadership.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a business function of:A) accounting.B) financeC) salesD) marketing.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) Branding products is a business function of:A) manufacturing and production.B) finance and accounting.C) human resources.D) marketing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) To make sure they stock clothes that their customers will purchase, a department store implements a new application that analyzes spending levels at their stores and cross-references this data to popular clothing styles. This is an example of using information systems to support a business strategy of:A) new products, services, and business models.B) survival.C) customer and supplier intimacy.D) improved decision making.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize65) Financial managers work directly with ________ to ensure investments in information systems help achieve corporate goals.A) operations managersB) senior managersC) marketing managersD) accounting managersAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) Operations management as a discipline is directly relevant to three occupational categories:A) industrial production managers, operations analysts, and administrative service managers.B) project managers, production managers, and administrative service managers.C) project managers, production managers, and industrial production managers.D) finance, accounting, and management.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 26-27AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) Assume you work for a package delivery service in a major metropolitan area, and that the business has been losing customers for several years. You have been asked to find a solution to this problem, perhaps one which uses modern information technologies. What is the correct way to proceed?A) Look for solutions, evaluate the solutions, identify the problem more clearly, and then implement the solution.B) Think about what solutions can be implemented, look for solution designs, evaluate the designs, and then implement the solution.C) Identify the problem, design alternative solutions, choose the best solution, and then implement the solution.D) Design solutions, evaluate and identify the problems, choose the best solution, and then implement the solution.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 20-21AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of organizing68) Which of the following statements is not true?A) The most common and successful offshore outsourcing projects involve production programming and system maintenance programming work, along with call center work.B) Inflation in Indian wages for technology work is leading to a counter movement of jobs back to the United States.C) The fear that offshore outsourcing will reduce demand for new information system hires in the U.S. is mitigated by the fact that reduced IT expenditures results in increased IT investments and the creation of domestic jobs.D) The impact of domestic IT outsourcing has been very disruptive to some regional areas of the U.S.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 28AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) The culture of UPS places service to the customer among the company's highest business objectives, which is reflected in their use of information systems to enable customer tracking of their packages. Based on your reading of Chapter 1, why is "culture" an important factor to consider when building information system solutions to business problems?A) Business culture has to be synchronized with new technology.B) The business culture provides the vision and inspiration for information system solutions.C) People are a company's most important asset.D) Businesses without culture do not understand new technology.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 15-16AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess70) Based on your reading of the case discussing mobile handhelds, Doylestown Hospital's use of iPhones is an example of using information systems to enhance which of the following generic business objectives?A) SurvivalB) New products, services, and business modelsC) Improved decision makingD) Customer and supplier intimacyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 8AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of categorize71) ________ is data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful to human beings. Answer: InformationDiff: 1 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) ________ is output returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.Answer: FeedbackDiff: 2 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) The world's largest and most widely used network is ________.Answer: the InternetDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) ________ consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.Answer: Computer software/softwareDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) The ________ is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format.Answer: World Wide Web/Web/WWWDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) ________ are private corporate networks extended to authorized users outside the organization.Answer: ExtranetsDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) In business problem solving, the three major categories of factors are organization, technology, and ________.Answer: peopleDiff: 2 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) Having inadequate resources is a business problem that falls into the ________ dimension. Answer: organizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) Encouraging employees to adapt to new business processes is one factor of ________. Answer: change managementDiff: 3 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Being aware of organizational and personal limitations is one of the four elements of________.Answer: critical thinking.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension81) Define operational excellence. How can information systems help achieve it?Answer: Operational excellence is the achievement of higher levels of productivity and efficiency. Information systems can help achieve operational excellence by improving communications to supplier and optimizing the supply chain. Information systems could help managers communicate with workers more efficiently, enable technological innovation in products, minimize warehouse overhead, streamline distribution.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10-11AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of devising82) You work for an auto manufacturer and distributor. How could you use information systems to achieve greater customer intimacy?Answer: You could create a web site that allows customers to customize cars, communicate with support personnel and other car owners. You could create an automated e-mail service reminding car owners to take their car in for periodic check ups. You could have an information system that tracks customer preferences in local areas, so you can provide cars that reflect local customer needs and desires.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11-12AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of applying83) What important managerial function is impaired by not having access to timely and accurate information? What is the effect of this lack of data?Answer: The managerial function is decision-making. Without access to timely and accurate information business managers rely on forecasts, best guesses, and luck. The result is over- or underproduction of goods and services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times. These poor outcomes raise costs and lose customers.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Evaluation in terms of justify84) What is the difference between information technology and information systems? Describe some of the functions of information systems.Answer: Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives. Information systems are more complex. An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.The functions of an information system are to support decision making, coordination, and control; help employees analyze problems; help employees visualize complex subjects; and help create new products.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of applying, generalizing85) You are a marketing manager for a national movie theater chain. Give an example of data that your department could use for creating meaningful information. What type of information could that data produce?Answer: Movie ticket sales from individual theaters would be an example of raw data. Meaningful information from this would be: average number of tickets sold to seniors on certain days of the week.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13-14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of devising。

高二英语心理学基础阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Psychology is a fascinating field that studies the mind and behavior. The origin of psychology can be traced back to ancient times. Philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle were among the first to think deeply about the nature of the mind.In the 19th century, psychology began to emerge as a separate scientific discipline. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. This marked a significant step in the development of psychology as a scientific field.Since then, psychology has continued to evolve and expand. Different schools of thought have emerged, including behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and cognitive psychology. Each school has its own unique perspective on understanding the mind and behavior.Today, psychology plays an important role in many areas of life, including education, healthcare, and business. Psychologists use scientific methods to study human behavior and mental processes in order to help people lead better lives.1. The origin of psychology can be traced back to ___.A. the 20th centuryB. ancient timesC. the 18th centuryD. modern times答案：B。