One ZX2018C DC power supply and battery charger works
1 Products
The products and the charger from the power supply composed of two parts; power supply output 3V, 6V DC voltage, radio and other small appliances can be used as an external power supply; charger to 5, 7, rechargeable battery for constant current charge.
2 features and main parameters
DC power supply; input voltage; AC 220V; output voltage; DC 3V, 6V; maximum output current: 500ma. Battery Charger: left channel (E1, E2) charging current 50-60ma (normal charge); right channel (E3, E4) 110-130 charge current (fast charge), two channels can be used simultaneously, each can be charged 5 or 7, two sections of the battery. Power supply and battery charger can be used simultaneously, as long as the two currents and no more than 500ma.
3 Board composition and working principle
Description: The name of the board are: circuit board, PCB, aluminum plates, high frequency board, PCB, ultra-thin circuit boards, ultra-thin circuit boards, printing (copper engraving technology) circuit boards. Mini of the circuit board, visualization, for a fixed volume and optimize the circuit layout plays an important role with the electrical.
Single Panel (Single-Sided Boards)
We have just mentioned, the basic PCB, components concentrated in one side, wires are concentrated on the other side. Because the lead only in one side, so we call this is called single-sided PCB (Single-sided). Single-panel design lines because there are many strict restrictions (because only one side, the wiring between the AC * and must not be alone around the path), so only until the early use of such a circuit board.
Double Sided (Double-Sided Boards)
Both sides of this circuit board wiring. But with a wire on the sides, the sides must have the appropriate electrical connections between the Caixing. The circuit between a "bridge" is called the pilot hole (via). Pilot hole in the PCB, the holes filled or coated with metal, it can be connected to the wire with both sides. Because the area of dual-panel twice as big than the single panel, and because routing can be interleaved (might go around to the other side), it is more suitable for use in more complex than the single-sided circuit.
Multilayer (Multi-Layer Boards)
In order to increase the area for routing, multilayer spend more single-or double-sided wiring board. The number of multilayer films using double-sided, and placed in each cubicle
After the insulating layer into a layer of sticky jail (press fit).
The board are several layers to represent the separate wiring layers, usually layers are even, and includes the outermost two layers. Most of the board are 4 to 8 layers of structure, but technically can be done almost 100 layers of PCB board. Most large-scale use of supercomputers rather multi-layered board, but because these computers have a lot of ordinary computers can be used instead of the cluster, super multi-layer board has gradually being used. Because the PCB layers are in close, generally not easy to see that the actual number, but motherboard if you look closely, and perhaps can be seen.
1. Transformer: Using the principle of electromagnetic induction to change the AC voltage of the device, the main component is the primary coil, secondary coil and core (core). In electrical equipment and radio circuits, commonly used for lifting voltage, impedance matching, security isolation. The product of the transformer voltage is 220V-9V.
2.Rectifier circuit; to convert DC to AC power circuit. Most of the rectifier circuit by the transformer, rectifier and filter circuit composed of the main. It is in the DC motor speed, the generator excitation regulator, electrolysis, electroplating and other fields are widely used. Rectifier circuit is the role of the AC output voltage step-down circuit into a low one-way alternating current pulse of direct current, which is the process of alternating current rectifier, rectifier diode rectifier circuit composed mainly. After the voltage after the rectifier circuit is not the AC voltage, but a DC voltage and AC voltage with mixed voltage ripple of the customary way, said DC voltage. Power supply circuits are half-wave rectifier circuit rectifier, full wave rectifier bridge rectifier circuit and three, voltage rectifier circuit for rectifying the AC signal the other, for example for LED level indicator circuit, the audio signal rectification.
Figure 3-1 rectifier
How it works: is a half weeks, on VD2, VD3 and direction of the voltage, VD2, VD3 conduction; of VD1, VD4 reverse voltage, VD1, VD4 end, forming a positive under the negative half-wave rectification wash voltage, in the negative half-cycle When, on the VD1, VD4 plus the forward voltage, VD2, VD4 conduction; of VD2, VD3 reverse voltage, VD2, VD3 closed
.
Figure 3-2 rectifier output waveform
3. Filter circuit: for filtered rectifier output voltage ripple, usually by the reactance components, such as shunt capacitor across the resistor in the load C, or a series with the load inductor L, and by the capacitors, inductors formed from the various Duplex filter circuit. Minimize the ripple filter circuit DC voltage in the AC component, to retain its current composition, the output voltage ripple factor decreases, the waveform becomes more smooth
Figure 3-3 filter circuit
How it works: When the change of current flowing through the inductor, the inductor coil by the induced electromotive force to stop the current changes. When the current through the inductor increases, the inductance self-inductance of the coil emf and current in the opposite direction, to prevent the increase in current, while part of the electrical energy into magnetic energy stored in the inductor into; when the current through the inductor coil is reduced, Self-inductance emf and current in the same direction to prevent the current decreases, while the release of stored energy to compensate for the current decrease. Therefore, filtered by the inductor, not only the pulse
of load current and voltage decreases, the waveform becomes smooth, and the rectifier diode conduction angle increases.
In the case of constant inductance coil, the smaller the load resistance, the smaller the output voltage of the AC component. Only in RL>> ωL time to get better filtering effect. L bigger, better filtering effect.
In addition, the role of the filter inductance electromotive force, can make the diode conduction angle close to π, the impact of reducing the diode current, smoothing the flow of current through the diode, thereby extending the life of the rectifier diodes.
Let C1, C2, UC1 = UC2 = 0, UC2: I (C1 charge, RL regulator circuit); ab segments: C1 charge, RL regulator circuit; b Section: UL peak. bc Section: U2 decline. C Section: ΔU2> ΔUC, Vd only. RL charged only by the UC
Figure 3-4 filter circuit output waveform
4. Regulator circuit: the role of circuit adjustments to the output voltage is called regulation. The input voltage, load, ambient temperature, circuit parameters such changes can maintain a constant output voltage of the circuit. This circuit can provide stable DC power, is widely used in various electronic devices. Components for the adjustment of its structure, reference voltage circuit, the circuit of the sample, compared amplifier.
Today's society people are enjoying the great convenience brought by electronic devices, but any electronic device has a common circuit -the power circuit. Large supercomputers to small pocket calculator, all
electronic devices must support the power circuit to work properly. Of course, the style of these power circuits, complexity vary widely. Supercomputer power circuit itself is a complex power system. Through this power system, supercomputers are able to get the various parts of steady, consistent power supply complex specifications. Pocket calculator is more than a simple battery power circuit. But you can not underestimate the battery power circuit to compare the new circuit is fully equipped with battery power to remind, power protection and other advanced features. Can be said that the power circuit is the basis for all electronic equipment, there would be no power supply circuit such a wide variety of electronic equipment.
Because the characteristics of electronic technology, electronic equipment required for power supply circuit is able to provide sustained and stable to meet the load requirements of electricity, and usually require to provide a stable DC power. Can provide such a stable DC power supply is the DC power supply. DC power supply in power supply technology plays a very important position. In addition, many electronics enthusiasts novice first encounter is to solve the power problem, otherwise the circuit does not work, electronic production can not learn to speak of. To this end, Pecker's Home opened up a special technical feature of this DC power supply, hoping to novice electronics enthusiast some help. Enthusiasts can also supply technology as a common reference for daily learning, making the reference
Figure 3-5 voltage regulator
Regulator circuit components:
1.VT1, VT2 composite pip
2.R3, LED2 voltage regulator
3.R2, LED1 current protection
4.VT3 discharger
5.R4, R5, R6 sampling circuit
Voltage regulator works: When the input U2 rise, leading to V drop in voltage UL, Ub3 rise, Ubc3 rise, Ub increased; Ube3 = Ub3-Ue3
UB1 rose → Uce ↑, Ub1 ↑ → IR1 ↑ → Tc1 ↑ → Ue ↑, Ic ↑ = Ib1 ↑∴ Uo = U2-Uce, ΔU2 <Δuce
5. charging circuit: the charging circuit is divided into ordinary charge, fast charge of two parts. If the distinction between an ordinary charge or fast charge as long as the resistance to stop watching, because the time when U = 9V, I = U / R, R7> R9, for fast charging.
Figure 3-6 Charging Circuit
Figure 3-7 Schematic principle
Two welding
Welding 2.1 Introduction
Any electronic products, from several parts constitute the rectifier to the thousands of component parts of the computer system, are composed of electronic components and functions of the device structure, according to circuit theory, with a certain method of connection from the process. Although a variety of connection methods (for example, wrap, crimping, bonding, etc.), but the most widely used method is soldering. Welding process, the workpiece and the solder melts to form molten region, solidification cooling bath after the formation of a connection between the materials. This process, pressure is also usually required. Welding a variety of energy sources, including gas flame, electric arc, laser, electron beam, friction, and ultrasonic. Before the late 19th century, the only welding process was followed for hundreds of years the blacksmith forging metal welding. The earliest modern welding technology in the 19th century, first arc and oxygen gas welding, resistance welding appeared later. The early 20th century, with the First and Second World war, the military equipment needs of cheap and reliable connection method greatly, so promoting the development of welding technology. Today, with the welding robot applications in a wide range of industrial applications, were still in-depth study of the nature of welding, to continue to develop new welding methods to further improve the welding quality.
Circuit boards, circuit board, PCB board, pcb welding technology development process in recent years the electronics industry, you can notice a very obvious trend is the reflow technology. In principle, the traditional plug pieces can also be used reflow process, which is commonly referred to as through-hole reflow soldering. The advantage is likely to be completed at the same time, all the joints, so that production costs to a minimum. However, it limits the temperature-sensitive components of the application of reflow, either plug in pieces or SMD. And then people turn select welding. Most applications can be used in the selection after reflow soldering. This will become an economic and effective completion of the remaining parts of the welding plug, but also fully compatible with lead-free future. Coating process in the selective soldering flux, the flux coating process plays
an important role. Welding the end of the heating and welding, flux activity should be sufficient to prevent the bridge and prevent the generation of oxidative PCB. Spray flux from the X / Y PCB manipulator carrying the nozzle through the top of the flux, flux spraying position to be welded to the PCB. Flux with a single spray nozzle, micro jet, simultaneous multi-point / graphics spray a variety of ways. Peak reflow process after the election of microwave welding, the most important thing is accurate spray flux. Will not stain porous solder jet outside the region. Point of minimum flux point of micro-spray graphics diameter greater than 2mm, so the spray deposition flux on the PCB position accuracy is ± 0.5mm, to ensure cover is always in flux above the welded parts,
spray welding dose of tolerance provided by the supplier, technical specifications flux should be required to use it is generally recommended 100% secure tolerance.
1. Manual welding tools; electric iron, ferrochrome frame
2. Soldering conditions, in order to improve the welding quality, we must be careful to soldering conditions.
3. By welding pieces must have weldability.
4. By welding the metal surface should be kept clean.
5. Using the appropriate flux.
6. With the proper welding temperature.
7. With a suitable welding time. 2.2 SMT (Surface Mounted Technology)
SMT is Surface Mount Technology (SMT)), is the electronic assembly industry, the most popular form of technology and processes. Its characteristics is the high density assembly, electronics, small size, light weight, size and weight of chip components only the traditional plug-in component of the 1 / 10, the general SMT, the electronics volume reduced 40% to 60%, weight reduce 60% ~ 80%, high reliability, anti-vibration capability. Solder joint defect rate is low. Good high frequency characteristics. Reduce electromagnetic and RF interference. Easy to automate and improve production efficiency. Reduce costs by 30% to 50%. Saving materials, energy, equipment, manpower and time.
SMT process: print (or dispensing) -> mount - "(curing) -> reflow soldering -> wash -> testing
Printing:
Its role is to paste or glue were missing patches to the pad on the PCB for soldering components to prepare. Equipment used for the printing, SMT production line at the front.
Dispensing:
Now used by most double-sided circuit board patch, when melted down in order to prevent secondary components into surface melting off again due to solder paste, so the dispenser is put into the installation surface, it is the glue dripping PCB in a fixed position , and its main role is a fixed component to the PCB board. Equipment used for the dispenser, located in the SMT production line testing equipment, most front or behind. Sometimes the customer is also a bit of glue output side, and now many small factories do not have dispenser, if invest large artificial surface component dispensing.
Mount:
Its role is to install the surface mount components to the PCB and accurate fixed position. Equipment used for the placement machine, printing press in the SMT production line in the back.
Curing:
Its role is to melt the plastic patch, so that the surface mount components and PCB board firmly bonded together. Equipment used for the curing oven, in the SMT placement machine production line in the back.
Reflow soldering:
Its role is to melt the solder paste to make surface mount components and PCB board firmly bonded together. Equipment used for the reflow furnace, located in the SMT placement machine production line in the back.
Cleaning:
Its role is the assembled PCB board above harmful residues, such as welding flux, etc. removed. Equipment used for the washing machine, the position may not fixed, online, or not online.
Detection:
Its role is assembled PCB board assembly quality of the weld quality and testing. Magnifying glass used equipment, microscopes, circuit testers (ICT), flying probe tester, automatic optical inspection (AOI), X-RAY inspection system, functional tester. According to the
detected location of the needs of the production line can be configured to the right place.
2.3 Welding and assembly of the charger
Welding according to the following steps, only the completion of the previous step to the next step, the general low before welding, heat-resistant components. If required larger bones and PCB components, or with the board holes, slots mounted equipment components, but also need to give special attention to the specific welding steps: 1. To identify the quantity and quality components, on the failure components should be replaced; 2. to determine components of the installation, the installation height, generally by the device's role in the circuit, the distance between the PCB and the enclosure and the installation of the device determined the distance between holes; 3. to pin treatment, that is, as far as possible on the device are easy to observe the character of the device placed in the position, character
Installation tips: 1. Note that all plate hole inlay with height and hole (such as the dome light-emitting diode phase plate hole level in English, plate and struck S1, S2 switch is flexible in place); 2.VT1,
VT2, VT3, using horizontal installation, welding, pins a little to stay longer; 3. Because of the space is not enough, C1, C2, C3 lying lead length adaptation, the first wire must not hurt the copper stripping, multi-strand copper wire stripping a relaxation after the first is required in order to twist tight socket, welding. 4. For ease of assembly, can be classified according to the specific circumstances of use, patch welding. 5. Transformer secondary conductors, and the negative plate and the power outlet cable wire should be connected to threaded holes in the street circuit boards, cathode circuit board conductors should also be threaded through the holes in the weld in the respective circuit board.
Testing and Adjustment: After final assembly, according to schematic, assembly drawing and printing layout required to check the whole installation process, focused on checking power lines, transformers, machine printed on the adjacent connecting wire or solder joint defects with or without short-circuit machine , everything is normal when measured with a multimeter ohm files between the power plug pin is greater than 500 ohm resistors, you can check
power.
1. Test: power, green power indicator light, no-load voltage: no-load measurement through cross plug the output DC voltage, its value should be slightly higher than the rated voltage, output polarity, than the East S2 switch, the output pole corresponding changes should be made of the load can be: When the load current rating of 150ma, the output voltage of the error should be less than 10% should be from left to right, from bottom to top;
2. instrumentation; bit number of elements plug checkmark can not be wrong, to have the polar components, jack should be especially careful;
3. Welding: Brother of tin solder and the amount of heating time should be appropriate for components with poor heat resistance tools auxiliary heat should be used. Prevention of Weld, and the wrong welding, to avoid short circuit caused by tin;
4. Weld treatment: cut off the excess pin cable, check all solder joints, to repair the defect, if necessary, clean the PCB with absolute alcohol;
5. Cover Screw the back cover: front cover back cover plate holes need to check all is correct with embedded components in place: it is located in the installation of the transformer tank, core wire is not alone, is there lead to suppress scattered in the cover screws outside the living . Cover screw up the slack should be moderate, if found not on the cover, tighten the screws must not be hard, should check processing, then the screw openings. , Overload protection, when the load current increases to a certain six-color indicator value is gradually variable LED1, LED2 gradually dimmed, while the output voltage drops. When the current increases to the 500ma, the protection circuit works, LED1 light, LED2 off. If the load current decreases, the circuit back to normal. Charge current, charge the battery channel is not installed, only the multimeter to DC current file, when touched by the positive and negative test table pen channel are positive and negative, the measured channel charging indicator light shows the current value is the charge current value, 1 were measured with the instrument can be., 2,3 the test points.
2. Adjustment: If the current load at 150ma regulator, the output voltage error is greater than 10% of the specified value, for R4, 6V file replacement R5, the resistance increases the voltage increases, organizations reduce the voltage drop, to change the charge current value, replace the R7, organizations increases, the charge current
decreases, resistance decreases, the charge current increases.
一 ZX2018C型直流稳压电源及充电器的工作原
理
1 产品介绍
本产品由稳压电源和充电器两部分组成；稳压电源输出3V，6V直流稳压电压，可作为收音机等小型电器的外接电源；充电器可对5号，7号可充电池进行恒流充电。
2 功能及主要参数
直流稳压电源；输入电压；交流220V；输出电压；直流3V，6V；最大输出电流：500ma。电池充电器：左通道(E1,E2)充电电流50-
60ma（普通充电）；右通道（E3，E4）充电电流110-130（快速充电），两通道可以同时使用，各可以充5号或7号电池两节。稳压电源和充电器可以同时使用，只要两者电流之和不超过500ma。
3 电路板的组成及工作原理
简介：电路板的名称有：线路板，PCB板，铝基板,高频板,PCB，超薄线路板,超薄电路板，印刷（铜刻蚀技术）电路板等。电路板使电路迷你化、直观化，对于固定电路的批量生产和优化用电器布局起重要作用。
单面板（Single-Sided Boards）
我们刚刚提到过，在最基本的PCB上，零件集中在其中一面，导线则集中在另一面上。因为导线只出现在其中一面，所以我们就称这种PCB叫作单面板（Single-sided）。因为单面板在设计线路上有许多严格的限制（因为只有一面，布线间不能交*而必须绕独自的路径），所以只有早期的电路才使用这类的板子。
双面板（Double-Sided Boards）
这种电路板的两面都有布线。不过要用上两面的导线，必须要在两面间有适当的电路连接才行。这种电路间的「桥梁」叫做导孔（via）。导孔是在PCB上，充满或涂上金属的小洞，它可以与两面的导
线相连接。因为双面板的面积比单面板大了一倍，而且因为布线可以互相交错（可以绕到另一面），它更适合用在比单面板更复杂的电路上。
多层板（Multi-Layer Boards）
为了增加可以布线的面积，多层板用上了更多单或双面的布线板。多层板使用数片双面板，并在每层板间放
进一层绝缘层后黏牢（压合）。
板子的层数就代表了有几层独立的布线层，通常层数都是偶数，并且包含最外侧的两层。大部分的主机板都是4到8层的结构，不过技术上可以做到近100层的PCB板。大型的超级计算机大多使用相当多层的主机板，不过因为这类计算机已经可以用许多普通计算机的集群代替，超多层板已经渐渐不被使用了。因为PCB中的各层都紧密的结合，一般不太容易看出实际数目，不过如果您仔细观察主机板，也许可以看出来。
1.变压器：利用电磁感应的原理来改变交流电压的装置，主要构件是初级线圈、次级线圈和铁心（磁芯）。在电器设备和无线电路中，常用作升降电压、匹配阻抗，安全隔离等。本次产品的变压器电压
为220V-9V。
2.整流电路；把交流电能转换为直流电能的电路。大多数整流电路由变压器、整流主电路和滤波器等组成。它在直流电动机的调速、发电机的励磁调节、电解、电镀等领域得到广泛应用。整流电路的作用是将交流降压电路输出的电压较低的交流电转换成单向脉动性直流电，这就是交流电的整流过程，整流电路主要由整流二极管组成。经过整流电路之后的电压已经不是交流电压，而是一种含有直流电压和交流电压的混合电压，习惯上称单向脉动性直流电压。电源电路中的整流电路主要有半波整流电路、全波整流电路和桥式整流三种，倍压整流电路用于其它交流信号的整流，例如用于发光二极管电平指示器电路中，对音频信号进行整流。
图3-1整流电路
工作原理：正半周时，对VD2、VD3和方向电压，VD2， VD3导通；对VD1、VD4加反向电压，VD1、VD4截止，形成上正下负的半波整洗电压，在负半周时，对VD1、VD4加正向电压，VD2、VD4导通；对VD2、VD3加反向电压，VD2、VD3截止。
图3-2整流电路输出波形
3．滤波电路：用于滤去整流输出电压中的纹波，一般由电抗元件
组成，如在负载电阻两端并联电容器C，或与负载串联电感器L，以及由电容，电感组成而成的各种复式滤波电路。滤波电路尽可能减小脉动的直流电压中的交流成分，保留其直流成分，使输出电压纹波系数降低，波形变得比较平滑
图3-3滤波电路
工作原理：当流过电感的电流变化时，电感线圈中产生的感生电动势将阻止电流的变化。当通过电感线圈的电流增大时，电感线圈产生的自感电动势与电流方向相反，阻止电流的增加，同时将一部分电能转化成磁场能存储于电感之中；当通过电感线圈的电流减小时，自感电动势与电流方向相同，阻止电流的减小，同时释放出存储的能量，以补偿电流的减小。因此经电感滤波后，不但负载电流及电压的脉动减小，波形变得平滑，而且整流二极管的导通角增大。
在电感线圈不变的情况下，负载电阻愈小，输出电压的交流分量愈小。只有在RL>>ωL时才能获得较好的滤波效果。L愈大，滤波效果愈好。
另外，由于滤波电感电动势的作用，可以使二极管的导通角接近π，减小了二极管的冲击电流，平滑了流过二极管的电流，从而延长了整流二极管的寿命。
设C1，C2，UC1=UC2=0，UC2：I（C1充电，RL稳压电路）；ab 段：C1充电，RL稳压电路；b段：UL达峰值。bc段：U2下降。C段：ΔU2〉ΔUC，Vd止。RL仅由UC充电
图3-4滤波电路输出波形
4.稳压电路：利用电路的调整作用使输出电压稳定的过程称为稳压。在输入电压、负载、环境温度、电路参数等发生变化时仍能保持输出电压恒定的电路。这种电路能提供稳定的直流电源，广为各种电子设备所采用。其结构为调整元件、基准电压电路、期样电路、比较放大电路。
当今社会人们极大的享受着电子设备带来的便利，但是任何电子设备都有一个共同的电路--电源电路。大到超级计算机、小到袖珍计算器，所有的电子设备都必须在电源电路的支持下才能正常工作。当然这些电源电路的样式、复杂程度千差万别。超级计算机的电源电路本身就是一套复杂的电源系统。通过这套电源系统，超级计算机各部分都能够得到持续稳定、符合各种复杂规范的电源供应。袖珍计算器则是简单多的电池电源电路。不过你可不要小看了这个电池电源电路，比较新型的电路完全具备电池能量提醒、掉电保护等高级功能。可以说电源电路是一切电子设备的基础，没有电源电路就不会有如此种类繁多的电子设备。
由于电子技术的特性，电子设备对电源电路的要求就是能够提供持续稳定、满足负载要求的电能，而且通常情况下都要求提供稳定的直流电能。提供这种稳定的直流电能的电源就是直流稳压电源。直流稳压电源在电源技术中占有十分重要的地位。另外，很多电子爱好者初学阶段首先遇到的就是要解决电源问题，否则电路无法工作、电子制作无法进行，学习就无从谈起。为此，Pecker's Home专门开辟了这个直流稳压电源技术专题，希望给初学阶段的电子爱好者一些帮助。同时也可以作为普通爱好者电源技术方面的参考资料，供日常学习、制作上参考之
图3-5稳压电路
稳压电路的组成：1.VT1，VT2 复合管
2.R3，LED2 稳压电路
3.R2，LED1 过流保护
4.VT3 放电器
5.R4，R5，R6 取样电路
稳压电路工作原理：当输入U2上升，导致伏在电
压UL下降，Ub3上升，Ubc3上升，Ub上升;Ube3=Ub3-
Ue3
UB1上升→Uce↑,Ub1↑→IR1↑→Tc1↑→Ue↑,Ic↑=Ib1↑
∴Uo ＝U2-Uce, ΔU2＜ΔUce
5.充电电路：充电电路分为普通充电，快速充电两部分。如果区分是普通充电还是快速充电只要看电阻阻止，因为当U=9V时，
I=U/R,R7>R9,为快速充电。
图3-6充电电路
常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 记帐员 Accounting Manager 会计部经理 Accounting Stall 会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 Administration Manager 行政经理 Administration Staff 行政人员 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 Application Engineer 应用工程师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Bond Analyst 证券分析员 Bond Trader 证券交易员 Business Controller 业务主任 Business Manager 业务经理 Buyer 采购员 Cashier 出纳员 Chemical Engineer 化学工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员 Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员 Computer Engineer 计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员 Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理 Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副总经理 Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Engineering Technician 工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师
中山大学文件 中大办〔2009〕7号 关于发布中山大学各单位英文译名的通知 校机关各部、处、室，各学院、直属系，各直属单位，各附属单位，后勤集团、产业集团： 为适应学校建设高水平大学的目标和要求，使我校各类机构、单位名称的英文表述更趋规范和准确，学校组织有关专家对各单位英文译名进行了统一的修订和翻译工作。经多次征求意见和论证，在尊重原单位使用习惯和吸取专业意见的基础上，由专家组审定，英文译名已于日前定稿。 学校各类机构和单位英文译名的规范和正确运用，是学校行政管理水平的重要体现。现将学校各二级单位英文译名（见附件1）予以发布，请各单位在日后工作过程中严格遵照执行。同时，为便利工作，加强规范，专家组根据各单位
提交的下设机构名单（附件2）进行了翻译和修订，同予发布，供参考使用。 附件：1．学校各二级单位英文译名 2．有关单位下设机构英文译名 二〇〇九年三月二十日 主题词：行政事务机构英文译名△通知 中山大学校长办公室2009年4月27日印发 责任校对：王莉婧附件1
学校各二级单位英文译名 机关部、处、室 党委办公室 Office of the SYSU Committee of the CPC 党委宣传部 Publicity Department of the SYSU Committee of the CPC 纪委办公室 Discipline Inspecting Commission Office 监察处 Supervision Department 审计处 Audit Department 党委组织部 Organization Department of the SYSU Committee of the CPC 党委统战部 The United Front Work Department of the SYSU Committee of the CPC
常见职务职位英文翻译 希望对你有帮助哦!总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial PoolAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特不是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大伙儿共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.Hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 依照,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件
学院用英语怎么说 college school educational institute faculty academy institute seminary academic institution academe hall 她和我在学院里是同学。 She and I were contemporaries at college. 该学院采用新的外语教学法。 New methods of teaching foreign languages are adopted in this institute. 他是一所音乐学院的学生。 He is a student in an academy of music. 这所大学是由几个不同学院组成的。 This university is a corporate body formed from several colleges.
他在那所神学院学习。 He is studying in the theological college. 他在法学院读书。 He is at law college. 从我校经济学院毕业的学生有着广泛的就业选择面，就业率非常高。 Theoretical studies are enriched by seminaries and field work. 他被选为该学院的院长。 He was tapped as president of the college. 批准之款项将每年寄至相关大学/学院。 The amount will be remitted yearly to the university or college concerned.
常见职位职务英文翻译 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师 Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理 Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理
重大国家战略常用关键词英文译法 一、京津冀协同发展 1.京津冀协同发展（缩写：BTH Coordinated Development）Coordinated Development of the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei Region 2.京津冀协同发展领导小组Leading Group for Coordinated Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Development 3.北京城市副中心（缩写：Beijing MC）Beijing Municipal Administrative Center 4.北京非首都功能疏解to relieve Beijing of functions non-essential to its role as China's capital 5.雄安新区Xiong'an New Area 6.北京非首都功能集中承载地major recipient of functions relieved from Beijing that are non-essential to its role as China's capital 7.创新发展示范区demonstration zone of innovation-driven development 8.绿色生态宜居新城区new, green, eco-friendly and livable urban area 9.创新驱动发展引领区pioneer zone of innovation-driven development 10.协调发展示范区demonstration zone of coordinated development 11.开放发展先行区pilot zone of opening up and development 12.世界眼光、国际标准、中国特色、高点定位global vision, international standards, distinctive Chinese features, and future-oriented goals 13.千年大计、国家大事national project of millennial significance 二、长江经济带发展 1.长江经济带（缩写：YEB）Yangtze River Economic Belt 2.共抓大保护，不搞大开发to step up conservation of the Yangtze River and stop its over development 3.水环境改善water environment improvement 4.水生态修复water environment restoration 5.水资源利用water resources utilization 6.综合交通运输体系integrated transport system 7.沿江高铁（缩写：Yangtze HSR）high-speed railways along the Yangtze River 8.黄金水道golden waterway 三、粤港澳大湾区建设 1.粤港澳大湾区（缩写：the Greater Bay Area(GBA)）Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area 2.粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area 3.港珠澳大桥（缩写：HZM Bridge）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 4.国际科技创新中心international center for technology and innovation 5.共建粤港澳合作发展平台to jointly develop platforms for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao cooperation 6.“一国两制”，依法办事to uphold the principle of "one country, two systems," act in accordance with the law 7.深港科技创新合作区Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation zone for technology and innovation 8.深圳前海深港现代服务业合作区Shenzhen-Hong Kong modern service industry cooperation zone in Qianhai, Shenzhen 9.广州南沙粤港澳全面合作示范区demonstration zone of all-round cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in Nansha, Guangzhou 10.珠海横琴粤港澳深度合作示范区demonstration zone of in-depth cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in Hengqin, Zhuhai 1
学院宣传画册中英文对照最新版 （2011-11-14）修订 ①页 封面 Logo 苏州工业园区职业技术学院 Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of V ocational Technology 用明天的科技培养今天的学员为未来服务 Train today’s students with tomorrow’s technology to serve the future. 两张照片更换。（大黄蜂+电子屏前跳跃） ②页 封面内页 苏州工业园区是中新两国政府间最重要的合作项目，截止2010年底，累计引进外企4000余家，其中，世界500强项目137个、上亿美元项目112个，16年间平均每天吸引外资近600万美元，是中国最具竞争力的开发区。 As the most important cooperative project between China and Singapore, Suzhou Industrial Park had attracted over 4000 foreign enterprises by the end of 2010, among which there were 137 “Fortune 500”projects and 112 “hundred-million-dollar”projects. With an average of 6 million dollars of foreign investment per day coming into the Park in the past 16 years, it now boasts the most competitive development park in China. “在中新苏州工业园区项目上的成功合作，给双方带来了切实利益。”——胡锦涛The successful cooperation in the SIP project has brought substantial benefits to the both parties.
“十七届五中全会”关键词英文翻译 the Fifth Plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 十七届五中全会 Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 中央政治局 Boost domestic demand 扩大内需 12th Five-Year Program for China's Economic and Social Development (2011-2015)/12th Five-Year Plan 经济和社会发展第12个五年规划 economic growth mode 经济增长方式 inclusive growth 包容性增长 macroeconomic regulation 宏观经济调控 comprehensive national power 综合国力 international competitiveness 国际竞争力 capability in shielding against risks 抵御风险能力 Urbanization 推进城镇化 rural modernization 农业现代化 the construction of new socialist rural area 社会主义新农村建设 maintain coordinated development in rural and urban regions 统筹城乡发展 modern industrial system 现代产业体系 strategic emerging industries 战略新兴产业 balanced development between regions 区域协调发展 main functional regions 主体功能区 poverty-stricken areas 贫困地区 recycling economy 循环经济 disaster prevention and reduction 防灾减灾 Cultural innovation 深化文化体制改革 innovative country 创新型国家 scientific innovation ability 科技创新能力 soft power 软实力
中小学学校各部门中英文对照 门牌 校长室 副校长室 学校办公室 教导处 学生处 教师办公室 实验室 实验准备室 实验器材保管室 图书室 教师阅览室 学生阅览室 图书保管室 多功能教室 文印室 门卫室 档案室 财务室 心理咨询室 中心控制室 微机室 现代教育技术管理室男厕所 女厕所President's Office Vice-President's Office School Office Dean's Office Student Office Teacher's Office Laboratory Experiment Preparation Room Experimental Equipment Library Teacher’s Reading Romm Student’s Reading Romm Book Storage Room Multi-Purpose Room Print Room Guard Room Archives Finance Office Counseling Office Center Control Room Computer Room Modern Education Technology Management Office （学生）Boy’S Room / （教师）Men's Room （学生）Girl’S Room / （教师）Female Toilets
厨房 蒸煮间 杂物间 切配间 清洗间 验收存放间 清洁工具存放间男更衣间 女更衣间 主库室 副库室 洗消间 保洁间 备餐区 食堂管理办公室择菜台 楼梯Kitchen Cooking Room Debris Room Cutting Room Cleaning Room Acceptance Of Storage Room Cleaning Tool Storage Room Male Changing Rooms Female Changing Rooms Main Warehouse Vice Warehouse Disinfection Chamber Cleaning Room Prepared Meals Area Canteen Management Office Choosing Vegetables Platform Stairs
各种职位的英文翻译 qa 是英文 quality assurance 的简称，中文含义是质量保证； qc 是英文 quality control 的简称，中文含义是质量控 制。 IPQC 是过程检验工程师 JQE 是品质工程师 DQA 是设计品保工程师 SQE 共货商管理工程师 Administration( 行政部分) 行政主管 File Clerk 档案管理员 行政助理 Office Manager 办公室经理 行政秘书 Receptionist 接待员 办公室文员 Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析 Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员 Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员 Telephone Operator 电话操作 员 Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员 Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁 Typist 打字员 Executive and Managerial( 管理部分 ) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理 Production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官 Property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General) 管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员 General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 President 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 Product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员 Program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 Project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理 Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-Profit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理 Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-President 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理 Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 Education and Library Science( 教育部分 ) Daycare Worker 保育员 ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家 Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师 Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问 Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员 Nanny 保姆 Physical Education Teacher 物理教师 Principal 校长 School Psychologist 心理咨询教师 Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家 Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师 Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College Professor 大学教授 Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长 Archivist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问 Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Auditor 审计师 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Administration Assistant 行政助理 Administrator 行政主管 Assistant Manager 副经理 Assistant Production Manager 副厂长 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Chief Accountant 总会计主任 Chief Engineer 总工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员(文书) Director 董事 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Executive Director 行政董事 Executive Secretary 行政秘书 Financial Controller 财务总监 Foreman 领班，组长 General manager 总经理 Junior clerk 低级文员（低级职员） Manager 经理 Marketing Executive 市场部主任 Marketing Manager 市场部经理 Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任 Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师 Merchandiser 买手（商人） Messenger 信差（邮递员） Office Assistant 写字楼助理（办事员） Administrative Director Executive Assistant Executive Secretary General Office Clerk
【常见的公共标识英文翻译~】来源：姜尊月?╄→?的日志 1、Business Hours 营业时间 2、Office Hours 办公时间 3、Entrance 入口 4、Exit 出口 5、Push 推 6、Pull 拉 7、Shut 此路不通 8、On 打开 ( 放) 9、Off 关 10、Open 营业 11、Pause 暂停 12、Stop 关闭 13、Closed 下班 14、Menu 菜单 15、Fragile 易碎 16、This Side Up 此面向上 17、Introductions 说明 18、One Street 单行道 19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右 20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过 21、Wet Paint 油漆未干 22、Danger 危险 23、Lost and Found 失物招领处 24、Give Way 快车先行 25、Safety First 安全第一 26、Filling Station 加油站 27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟 28、No Photos 请勿拍照 29、No Visitors 游人止步 30、No Entry 禁止入内 31、No Admittance 闲人免进 32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭 33、Parting 停车处 34、Toll Free 免费通行 35、F.F. 快进 36、Rew. 倒带 37、EMS (邮政)特快专递 38、Insert Here 此处插入 39、Open Here 此处开启 40、Split Here 此处撕开
41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理 42、“AA”Film十四岁以下禁看电影 43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车 44、No U Turn 禁止掉头 45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯 46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车 47、SOS 紧急求救信号 48、Hands Wanted 招聘 49、Staff Only 本处职工专用 50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物 51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸 52、Keep Silence 保持安静 53、On Sale 削价出售 54、No Bills 不准张贴 55、Not for Sale 恕不出售 56、Pub 酒店 57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆 58、Bar 酒巴 59、Laundry 洗衣店 60、Travel Agency 旅行社 61、In Shade 置于阴凉处 62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存 63、Poison 有毒/毒品 64、Guard against Damp 防潮 65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手 66、Complaint Box 意见箱 67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用 68、Bakery 面包店 69、Keep Dry 保持干燥 70、Information 问讯处 71、No Passing 禁止通行 72、No Angling 不准垂钓 73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎 74、Seat by Number 对号入座 75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物 76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处 77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记 78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土 79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所 80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所 81、Occupied （厕所）有人 82、Vacant （厕所）无人 83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便 84、Net(Weight) 净重
一年级一班Class One Grade One 六年级八班Class Eight Grade Six 语文教研组Chinese Teaching and Research Group 数学教研组Math Teaching and Research Group 英语教研组English Teaching and Research Group 音乐教研组Music Teaching and Research Group 体育教研组P.E. Teaching and Research Group 美术教研组Art Teaching and Research Group 会议室Meeting Room 教师办公室Teachers' Office 校长室Principal's Office 副校长室Vice Principal's Office 工会主席室Chairman of the Labor Union Office 教导处Educational Affairs Office 教育处Student Affairs Office 接待室Reception Room (学校)办公室Personnel Office 财务室Accounting Office 校园之声（广播室）Broadcasting Room 男卫生间Boys' Washroom 女卫生间Girls' Washroom 男教工卫生间Male Washroom 女教工卫生间Female Washroom
教师阅览室Teachers’ Reading Room 学生阅览室Students’ Reading Room 录课室Recording Room 微机室Computer Room 医务室Health Clinic 网络中心Network Center 舞蹈室Dance Room 报告厅Lecture Hall 体育馆Gym 总务处General Affairs Office
各种职位的英文翻译 qa是英文quality assurance 的简称，中文含义是质量保证；qc是英文quality control的简称，中文含义是质量控制。IP QC是过程检验工程师 JQE是品质工程师 DQA是设计品保工程师 SQE供货商管理工程师 Administration(行政部分） Administrative Director 行政主管File Clerk 档案管理员 E xecutive Assistant 行政助理O ffice Manager 办公室经理 E xecutive Secretary 行政秘书Receptionist 接待员 General Office Clerk 办公室文员Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析Staff Assi s tant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员Stenographer 速记员 Order E ntry Clerk 订单输入文员Telephone Operator 电话操作员 Shipping/Receiving E xpediter 收发督导员Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-P resident of Administration 行政副总裁Typi s t 打字员 E xecutive and Managerial(管理部分) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 E xecutive Marketing Director 市场行政总监HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assi s tant Store Manager 商店经理助理Operations Manager 操作经理 Assi s tant Vice-P resident 副总裁助理P roduction Manager 生产经理 Chief E xecutive O fficer(CE O) 首席执行官P roperty Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations O fficer(COO) 首席运营官Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管Claims E xaminer 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监Controller(General) 管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理P resident 总统 Import/E xport Manager 进出口经理P roduct Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员P rogram Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员P roject Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-P rofit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-P resident 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 E ducation and Library S cience(教育部分) Daycare Worker 保育员E SL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental E ducator 发展教育家Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员Nanny 保姆 P hysical E ducation Teacher 物理教师P rincipal 校长 School P sychologist 心理咨询教师Teacher 教师 Special Needs E ducator 特种教育家Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College P rofessor 大学教授Coach 教练员 Assi s tant Dean of Students 助理训导长Archi v ist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Auditor 审计师 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Administration Assistant 行政助理 Administrator 行政主管 Assi s tant Manager 副经理 Assi s tant P roduction Manager 副厂长 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Chief Accountant 总会计主任 Chief E ngineer 总工程师 Civil E ngineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员（文书） Director 董事 E lectrical E ngineer 电气工程师