The snows of Kilimanjaro
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朗读者的10篇美文## The Reader's 10 Greatest Short Stories.### 1. "The Lady with the Dog" by Anton Chekhov.This story follows a man and woman who meet and fall in love at a курорт. Despite their initial reservations, they eventually give in to their desires and begin an affair. However, they soon realize that their relationship is doomed from the start.### 2. "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" by FlanneryO'Connor.This story follows a family who is traveling on vacation when they are stopped by a group of escaped convicts. The family is taken hostage and eventually murdered. The story explores the themes of violence, faith, and the nature of good and evil.### 3. "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson.This story follows a small town in which the annual lottery is held. The lottery is a tradition that has beenin place for centuries, and no one knows why it is held. However, on this particular day, the lottery takes a sinister turn.### 4. "The Tell-Tale Heart" by Edgar Allan Poe.This story follows a man who is haunted by the guilt of murdering an old man. The man tries to convince the reader that he is not crazy, but his erratic behavior and vivid imagery suggest otherwise.### 5. "The Oval Portrait" by Edgar Allan Poe.This story follows a man who discovers a portrait of a beautiful woman in a deserted castle. The man becomes obsessed with the painting and eventually learns the tragic story of the woman who was its subject.### 6. "The Cask of Amontillado" by Edgar Allan Poe.This story follows a man who seeks revenge on a friend who has wronged him. The man lures his friend into a catacomb and traps him behind a wall. The story is aclassic example of Poe's macabre and suspenseful style.### 7. "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant.This story follows a woman who borrows a diamond necklace from a friend to attend a ball. However, she loses the necklace and must spend the rest of her life working to pay off the debt. The story explores the themes of social class, desire, and the consequences of one's actions.### 8. "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry.This story follows a young couple who are struggling to make ends meet. The husband sells his watch to buy his wife a comb, while the wife sells her hair to buy her husband a chain for his watch. The story is a heartwarming tale of love and sacrifice.### 9. "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" by Ernest Hemingway.This story follows a man who is dying from gangrene on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. The man reflects on his life and the choices he has made. The story is a powerful meditation on death and the meaning of life.### 10. "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway.This story follows a man and woman who are waiting for a train in Barcelona. The man is trying to convince the woman to have an abortion, but she is hesitant. The story is a powerful and understated exploration of the complexities of love and relationships.## 中文回答:1. 《带狗的女人》契诃夫。
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I.Multiple Choice(40points in all,1for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A,B,C orD on the answer sheet.1.Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his______plays,154sonnets and2long poems.BA.27B.38C.47D.522.john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups:the early poetic works,the middle prose pamphlets and the last______.CA.romancesB.dramasC.great poemsD.ballads3.The novels of______are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower—class people.CA.John MiltonB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.Jonathan Swift4.The work ranked by many critics as William Wordswoth’s greatest work was______.BA.Lyrical BalladsB.The PreludeC.Poems in Two VolumesD.The Excursion5.The author of The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling is ______.CA.Daniel DefoeB.Johathan SwiftC.Henry FieldingD.William Blake6.The works of______are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle—class women,particularly governess.*BA.Charlotte BrontewrenceC.Thomas HardyD.Jane Austen7.All of the following writings are created by William Wordsworth EXCEPT______.DA.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.”B.“Composed upon Westminster Bridge,Septemer3,1802.”C.“The Solitary Reaper.”D.“The Chimney Sweeper.”8.The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift is______.DA.A Tale of a TubB.The Battle of the BooksC.A Modest ProposalD.Gulliver's Travels9“If winter comes,can Spring be far behind?”comes from Shelly’s______.DA.“To a Skylark”B.“Adonais”C.“Ode to Liberty”D.“Ode to the West Wind”10.In Jane Austen's first novel______,she tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs.BA.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Persuasion11.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest______writers of the Victorian Age.DA.romanticB.modernistC.socialistD.critical realist12.Charlotte Bronte's most autobiographical work,______ is largely based on her experience in Brussels.AA.Jane EyreB.ShirleyC.VilletteD.The Professor13.William Wordsworth's theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary people.The preface to the second edition of______acts as a manifesto for the new school and sets forth his own critical creed.AA.Lyrical BalladsB.The PreludeC.Poems in Two VolumsD.The Excursion14.George Bernard Shaw's play______established his position as the leading playwright of his time.*CA.Widowers’HousesB.Too True to Be GoodC.Mrs.Warren's ProfessionD.Candida15.Eliot's most important single poem______,has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the20th-century English poetry.BA.The Hollow MenB.The Waste LandC.Prurrock and Other ObservationsD.Poems1909-2516. D. /doc/info-926f89635dbfc77da26925 c52cc58bd630869377.htmlwrence’s autobiographical novel, ______shows the conflict between the earthy,coarse, energetic but often drunken father and the refined,strong —willed and up—climbing mother.AA.Sons and LoversB.The White PeacockC.The TrespasserD.The Rainbow17.“To be,or not to be—that is the question;/Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer./The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/And by opposing end them?”These words are from ______.DA.King LearB.RomeoC.AntonioD.Hamlet18.John Milton’s last important work,______is the most powerful dramatic poem on the Greek model.AA.Paradise LostB.Paradise RegainedC.Samson AgonistesD.Lydidas19.The author of Moll Flanders and Captain Singleton is ______.BA.John MiltonB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.Jonathan Swift20.Drapier is the pseudonym of______.AA.Jonathan SwiftB.Daniel DefoeC.Henry FieldingD.William Blake21.One of Dickens'later works,______in which he presents a criticism of the governmental branches which run an indefinite procedure of management ofaffairs and keep the innocent in prison for life.BA.Bleak HouseB.Little DorritC.Hard TimesD.A Tale of Two Cities22.In the second part of Gulliver's Travels,Gulliver told his experience in______.AA.BrobdingnagB.LilliputC.Flying IslandD.Houyhnhnm23.Faulkner used the narrative techniques to construct his stories,which include______and mythological and biblical allusions.AA.symbolismB.free indirect speechC.contrastD.dialogue24.Ernest Hemingway,had been trying to demonstrate in his works an unvarying code,known as“______,”which is actually an attitude towards life.BA.facing the realityB.grace under pressureC.honesty with benevolenceD.security coming first25.The Blithedale Romance is a novel written by Hawthorne to reveal his own experience on the Brook Farm and his own methods as a______novelist.CA.naturalistB.imagistC.psychologicalD.feminist26.Theodore Dreiser's focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the Americanfinancial tycoons in the late19th century in his work ______.DA.The GeniusB.An American TragedyC.Dreiser Looks at RussiaD.“Trilogy of Desire”27.Emily Dickinson frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader,and______to vivify some abstract ideas.DA.imagesB.metaphorC.symbolsD.personification28.In his later works,Melville becomes more reconciled with the______,in which he admits,one must live by rules.BA.womenB.world of manC.familyD.politicians29.Walt Whitman's______has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention in America.BA.The Pilgrim’s ProgressB.Leaves of GrassC.A Passage to IndiaD.Rip Van Winkle30.Mark Twain’s full literary career began to blossom in1869with a travel book______,an account of American tourists in Europe.AA.Innocents AbroadB.The Portrait of A LadyC.The Grapes of WrathD.The Great Gatsby31.With the development of the modern novel and the common acceptance of the______approach,Henry James's importance,as well as his wide influence as a novelist and critic,has been all the more conspicuous.AA.deconstructionB.romanticC.FreudianD.analytic32.Emily Dickinson addresses the issues that concern the whole human beings in her poems,which include religion, death,______,love,and nature.AA.immortalityB.wealthC.powerD.politics33.In Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser expressed his______ pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moral standards.BA.romanticB.realisticC.naturalisticD.modernistic34.Profound ideas in Robert Frost's poems are delivered under the disguise of______.AA.the plain language and the simple formB.the vivid descriptionsC.metaphorsD.the complicated narration35.In______Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death throughthe depiction of the bullfight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy.BA.The Green Hills of AfricaB.Death in the AfternoonC.The Snows of KilimanjaroD.To Have and Have Not36Of Faulkner’s literary works,four novels are masterpieces by any standards:The Sound and the Fury, Light in August,Absalom,Absalom!and______.AA.Go Down,MosesB.The FableC.The Snows of KilimanjaroD.To Have and Have Not37.As Whitman saw it,______could play a vital part in the process ofcreating a new nation.CA.musicB.fictionC.poetryD.painting38.In many of Hawthorne's stories and novels,the Puritan concept of life is condemned,especially in his The house of the Seven Gables and______.BA.Go Down,MosesB.The Scarlet LetterC.As I Lay DyingD.Song of Myself39.Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the______and the founder of psychological realism.BA.“stream-of-consciousness”novelsB.metaphysical poemsC.short storiesD.literary criticism40.Generally considered to be Henry James’s masterpiece,______incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a Europe an cultural environment.BA.The AmbassadorsB.Daisy MillerC.The AmericanD.The Portrait of A Lady非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
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英语作文《The Snows Of Kilimanjaro》The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a short story by Ernest Hemingway. It tells the story of Harry, a writer who is on an African safari with his wife, Helen. Harry is dying of gangrene, and he is reflecting on his life and his regrets.The story begins with Harry and Helen on an African safari. They are waiting for a rescue plane to come and take them to safety. As they wait, Harry reflects on his life and his regrets. He remembers his failed writing career and his failed marriage. He also remembers the time he spent in Paris, and how he had wanted to write a great novel but never did.The story culminates with Harry's death. As he is dying, he sees a vision of the snow-covered peak of Kilimanjaro. He imagines that the snow on the mountain is his own writing, the great novel he never wrote.The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a powerful story about regret and the power of dreams. It shows us that it is never too late to pursue our dreams, and that we should never give up on them. It also reminds us that we should never take our lives for granted, and that we should make the most of every moment we have.。
高三英语作文:The Snows Of KilimanjaroThe Snows of Kilimanjaro is a short story written by Ernest Hemingway. It tells the story of a writer named Harry and his wife, Helen, who are on an African safari. Harry is dying from a terrible infection, and as he lies on his deathbed, he reflects on his life and the choices he has made.The story begins with Harry and Helen on the plains of Africa, surrounded by the beauty of nature. Harry is filled with regret for the things he has not done, and he yearns to be able to make up for lost time. He remembers his dream of climbing the snow-capped peak of Mount Kilimanjaro, and realizes that his life is slipping away and he may never have the chance to fulfill his dream.The story is a powerful reminder of the importance of living life to its fullest. It reminds us to take advantage of the opportunities we have and to make the most of the time we have. We should not let our dreams go unfulfilled, for we never know when our time will run out.The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a poignant story that speaks to the human condition and the fragility of life. It is a reminder to make the most of every moment and to never take life for granted.。
推荐喜欢的作家英语作文Literature has the power to captivate, inspire, and transport us to new worlds. When we discover an author whose work resonates deeply with us, it can be a truly transformative experience. One writer whose work I have found to be particularly compelling is Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway's unique literary style, his exploration of the human condition, and the timeless themes that run through his novels and short stories make him a writer whose work I would highly recommend to anyone with a passion for great literature.At the core of Hemingway's writing is a distinct and minimalist style that sets him apart from many of his contemporaries. Hemingway famously described his approach to writing as the "iceberg theory," where the true meaning and emotion of a story lies beneath the surface of the sparse, understated prose. Rather than using ornate language and lengthy descriptions, Hemingway trusted his readers to fill in the gaps and draw their own conclusions. This style forces the reader to engage actively with the text, to read between the lines and uncover the deeper significance of even the most seemingly mundane details.One of the hallmarks of Hemingway's writing is his use of repetition and simple, declarative sentences. He often employs a technique known as "the rule of three," where he repeats a phrase or idea three times to emphasize its importance. For example, in his novel The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway writes, "The sun also rises, and the sun also sets, and in the morning the sun will rise again." This repetition creates a sense of rhythm and cadence in the prose, drawing the reader in and making the words almost hypnotic in their simplicity.Hemingway's minimalist style is not merely a stylistic choice, but a reflection of his deeper philosophical beliefs about the nature of human experience. He believed that life was fundamentally chaotic and unpredictable, and that the only way to find meaning and truth was to strip away the unnecessary and focus on the essential. This belief is reflected in his writing, where he eschews elaborate descriptions and instead hones in on the raw, unvarnished emotions and experiences of his characters.One of the most compelling aspects of Hemingway's work is his exploration of the human condition. His characters are often grappling with themes of loss, isolation, and the search for meaning in a world that can be indifferent and cruel. In his novel The Old Man and the Sea, for example, the protagonist, Santiago, is an aging fisherman who has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish.Despite his advanced age and the seemingly insurmountable odds he faces, Santiago refuses to give up, driven by an indomitable spirit and a deep-seated belief in his own worth as a human being.Hemingway's characters are not larger-than-life heroes, but flawed, complex individuals who are forced to confront the harsh realities of the world around them. In his short story "Hills Like White Elephants," for example, the reader is presented with a couple engaged in a tense and ambiguous conversation about an unspecified "operation" that the woman is reluctant to undergo. Hemingway never explicitly states what the operation is, but the underlying tension and unspoken emotions between the couple create a powerful and unsettling portrait of a relationship in crisis.What makes Hemingway's exploration of the human condition so compelling is his ability to capture the universal truths that lie at the heart of the human experience. Whether he is writing about the loneliness of old age, the devastating impact of war, or the complex dynamics of human relationships, Hemingway's work resonates with readers because it speaks to the fundamental struggles and triumphs that we all face as human beings.Another reason why I would highly recommend Hemingway's work is the timeless nature of the themes that he explores. While his stories are often set in specific historical and cultural contexts, the issuesand questions that he grapples with are timeless and universal. His novels and short stories continue to be read and studied by scholars and readers alike because they offer a profound and enduring reflection on the human condition.For example, Hemingway's novel The Sun Also Rises, which was published in 1926, is a powerful exploration of the disillusionment and aimlessness that characterized the generation that came of age in the aftermath of World War I. The novel follows a group of expatriate Americans and Britons who are struggling to find meaning and purpose in a world that has been irrevocably changed by the horrors of the war. While the specific historical context may be different, the themes of alienation, loss, and the search for identity that Hemingway explores in this novel are just as relevant and compelling today as they were nearly a century ago.Similarly, Hemingway's short story "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" is a poignant meditation on the fleeting nature of life and the regrets that can haunt us as we approach the end. The story's protagonist, Harry, is a writer who is dying of gangrene in the shadow of Mount Kilimanjaro. As he reflects on his life and the missed opportunities that have led him to this point, the reader is left with a profound sense of the fragility and preciousness of human existence.Ultimately, what makes Hemingway's work so compelling and worthyof recommendation is the way in which it speaks to the universal human experience. Whether he is exploring the devastating impact of war, the complexities of human relationships, or the search for meaning and purpose in a chaotic world, Hemingway's writing is characterized by a deep empathy and a profound understanding of the human condition. His work invites the reader to engage deeply with the text, to grapple with the same questions and challenges that his characters face, and to emerge with a richer and more nuanced understanding of the world and their place in it.。
Ernest Hemingway’s Concept of Courage ---Take “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” as an ExampleErnest Hemingway’s Concept of Courage-----Take “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” as an ExampleAbstract:Ernest Hemingway is generally regarded as the spokesman for the lost generation. He is famous for his novels and short stories and all his stories deal with the theme of courage in face of tragedy. Hemingway spends one year writing “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” to reflect his writing because the publishment of “Death in the Afternoon” and “Green Hills of Africa” are censured by the outside. He shapes the protagonist---- a writer Harry who is dying physically and psychologically and whose soul is free and sublimed at the end of his life. The famous American critic Malcolm Cowley once said this short story is Hemingway’s most skilled one. I will appreciate this short story on Harry’s courage when he faces death, women’s courage in Hemingway’s works, the six parts of the theme of d eath and the symbol of leopard which reveals soul’s eternity.Key Word: Hemingway; courage; the theme of death; leopard and free and eternity of lifeBody:The hero Harry in “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” gets his leg infected with gangrene, lies on the cot and can’t move. He waits the plane to carry him to treat his disease with his lover, but the fact is that he does not think the plane will come. When he is dying on the cot, he thinks of his life and his writing career. The theme of death is repeated in the six parts of recalls which are inserted in narrating. Finally the plane in the dream carries Harry to the leopard which is on the summit of Kilimanjaro and means eternity and purity of soul.I. Harry is Courageous when He Faces DeathHemingway’s works are autobiographical in a way. He spends a large part of his time in big game hunting in Africa and following bullfights in Spain. His own adventures life provides much raw material for his strong masculine story. He writes in “The Sun Also Rises” that he wants to hunt in east Africa in 1926. On the way to east Africa in 1934, Hemingway infects dysentery and the disease deteriorates. His white assistant rents a private plane to send him to accept better treat. He returns to hunt after a week and remembers the plane which saves him. In “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”, the plane appears in Harry’s dream, but it does not save Harry’s life. This time the plane carries Harry to Kilimanjaro---the eternity of his life.Harry’s words and behavior of waiting death are strong evidences to show a man’s courage. Firstly, lying on the cot and can’t move, Harry waits the plane but he does not think the plane will come. “…I think we might make it as easy as we can until the plane comes.” “Or until the plane does not come.” That means Harry is waiting for death soberly. He knowsthat he will die definitely and can do nothing. He describes his infection simply--- he forgets to put iodine on his wound, does not have enough antiseptics and hires a second-rate mechanic and so on. Describing the tragedy calmly, death is waiting him. Secondly, faced with Helen’s care, his answer is fine, though he is tortured by death and wage. Saying the odor will bother Helen and pretending that he is strong to endure it, he kn ows everything’s going wrong. He begs Helen to quarrel with him to relieve his pain and saw off his leg. He curses Helen and hurts her, which do not appropriate for his status. It is this malposition of his words, behavior and his status that reveals his fear and wage. At the same time, it shows his calm and courage to face his death’s coming. Thirdly, in the end, the hyena, the vulture and the locust are all symbols of death. Seeing them Harry knows he will die in east Africa and feeling that he will die on that night, he chooses to sleep out of the tent. He is sensitive and courageous to face his death.II. Women are Courageous in Hemingway’s WorksHemingway is good at shaping steel-willed man, women is full of men’s characters in He mingway’s works.On the one hand, Helen is an independent and strong-willed woman. First of all, she is courageous when she faces life and love. When she is young, her husband dies and her first child also dies in an air accident. She endures all disasters and removes her pain through men and alcohol. She is played by fate, but she is eager for true love and a man who she can rely on. She loves Harry and abandons her comfortable life in Paris and goes to untraversed east Africa with Harry. When Harry quarrels with her and queries why she picks him as her lover, she answers confirmedly: No, I love you. The disease can ruin one’s life, destroy one’s will and take away one’s morality, but Helen does not leave Harry when he is seriously ill and takes care of him carefully. Besides, she is a woman who is good at shooting. Harry also says that she shoots very well. When Harry can’t move on the cot, she hunts animals to make broth for Harry.On the other hand, in “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”, Hemingway’s att itudes towards woman are contradictive. He thinks that it is women that make men corrupt. Men can’t resist women’s temptation. Harry says “She shot very well, this good, this rich bitch, this kindly caretaker and destroyer of his talent.” Harry is annoyed by his experience and attributes his misfortune to Helen. What’s more, Hemingway believes men’s self-corruption is the essential reason of his extermination of their talent but women’s temptation. He shows mercy to women’s pure love for men.In Heming way’s life, women have played very important roles. His bosom friend Scott Fitzgerald once said Hemingway needs a new woman when he creates an excellent work. There is an individualistic woman with the hero both in “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” and in “Green Hills of Africa”.III. The Six Parts of the Theme of DeathThese short stories can be divided into six parts and every part is inserted in a flashback in italics. In these flashbacks, Harry memories his writing life before he gains reputation--his first girlfriend, his grandfather’s cabin and the drunken old men and women. They are filled with the fear of poverty and Harry leaves them. Then he spends time in dating rich womenand corrupts his talent of writing. Pain and despair parallel with the recalls of past. The repetition of past story also shows the theme of death. These six recalls are Harry’s experience and deep self-examination of his life. Harry is same as the heroes in Hemingway’s other works. He experiences the cruel of war and wounds. Not only does he face the cruelty of war and the reality of the society, his mental world is empty. He sells himself and whatever he believes. He remembers that he sees dead man in Constantinople in the first time, the Turkish man who is kill ed by officer, the boss who can’t bear the inflection and commits suicide, and Williamson dies in front of him. The bloody scenes show us courageous Harry who experiences a lot and is influenced by these memories deeply. The war and reality destroy Harry and he does not believe that man can endure which God has given to mankind. He indulges himself and refuses to re turn to his own orbit of life.The six recalls of past stay around the theme of death and form an umbrella stream-of consciousness process. It is the bedding of Harry’s death and accumulates the powerful effect for the climax. Though the recalcitrant soul leaves his body, he does not die actually. His strong and courageous will flies with the plane to the summit of Kilimanjaro to stay with the leopard which is the symbol of toughness, free of spirit and eternity. It is also a kind of iclusio. The leopard in the end echoes the body of leopard which is mentioned at the beginning of the short story.IV.The Symbol of Snow and L eopard Which Reveals Strength, Soul’s Eternity, Purity, Life and DestroyLeopard is the animal which means strength and Hemingway loves very much. Through the description of the endurance and intelligence between men and leopard, Hemingway shapes th e leopard by personification in “Green Hills of Africa”. As I have mentioned in the last part. The leopard in the end echoes the leopard at the beginning of the short story. Why does the leopard climb to the summit of Kilimanjaro? It climbs to the summit of the mountain and dies and becomes the legend of people. We can answer this question by asking why Harry is in east Africa. They are seek eternity and free of soul. They all have strong will and pursue perfect. At first, we may wonder why the author describes leopard at the beginning. But when we reach the end, we find the leopard is a disregardful symbol which reveals the theme—death and courage. Over the death is another creation in this short story.The snow which is also revealed in the tile is the symbol of purity, cold, empty and quiet. It is the altitudinal cohesion of some specific things which can also mean death, perfect and love. The snows of Kilimanjaro are the symbol of immortality.V. ConclusionWe can surprisingly fi nd that the protagonists in Hemingway’s works are all filled with pain and tragedy like Harry. They live in void and can’t bear the physical and psychological pain. They are so painful that they become numb of themselves and life. The process of Harry’s se lf-knowledge and self-development is also the development of Hemingway himself. The image of Harry is actually Hemingway in a way. Harry and Hemingway have the same experience of war and suffering and are examples of the lost generation.References:1.Ernest Hemingway. The Snows of Kilimanjaro Selected Short Stories of ErnestHemingway. [M]. 上海世界图书出版公司,2010.2.Ernest Hemingway. Green Hills of Africa. [M]. 上海世界图书出版公司,2004.3.周红兴.外国小说名篇选读[z].北京:作家出版社,1986.4.李忠华.浅谈《乞力马扎罗的雪》中的象征.解放军外国语学院学报[J].20005(5)78--81.5. 刘长江.论《乞力马扎罗的雪》的叙事结构和叙事技巧.重庆科技学院学报[J].2008(10),127--128.。