压疮早期动物模型的制备及评价

Making and evaluation of an animal model of early stage pressure ulcer
Sun Yan, J iang L ip ing ( School of N urs ing , Wenz ho u M edical College, Wenz ho u 325035 , China) Abstract: Objective T o pr ovide info rmatio n o f animal mo del making and experimental metho ds fo r clinical wo rkers to prev ent ear ly stag e pressur e ulcer . Methods Fo rty eight ma le Sprag ue Daw ley r ats wer e rando mly divided into six gr oups, w ith each g roup hav ing 8 r ats. A ll the rats wer e subjected t o 10% chlo ral hydrate anesthesia. A fter that, the co ntr ol g ro up didn!t sustain any pres sure at the g racilis muscle, and w ere sacr ificed 7. 5 h lat er. T he other five gr oups w ere pr essurized at the g racilis muscle w ith var ied pr essure: gr oup A 13. 73 kPa, g roup B 19. 97 kPa, g ro up C 22. 47 kP a, gr oup D 28. 71 kP a and g roup E 34. 96 kP a. All the rats in the fiv e pressur ized g roups underw ent 3 ex actly the same cy cles o f ischemia r eper fusion and then w ere sacrificed mer cifully. T he co lo r and mo rpholo gy of the pressur ized skin was observ ed g rossly by naked eyes, and tissue was harvested f or histo lo gy and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay ( EL ISA ) . Results T he pr essurized skin of g roup A seemed much the same as unpr essurized skin o f the co ntr ol gr oup by naked ey es; under o ptical microsco py , the pressur ized skin of g roup A lo oked discursiv e, and the sub cutaneo us co nnective tissue and muscle had slig ht inflammation. T he pr essurized skin o f g roup B slightly turned red by naked ey es, and the subcut aneous connective tissue and muscle had more sev ere inflammat ion than gr oup A . T he pr essurized skin o f g roup C pr esented per sist ent r edness by naked ey es, and the subcutaneous connect ive tissue and muscle had mor e sever e inf lammatio n than gr oup B, w hich w as quite similar with t ypical stag e one pr essure ulcer. Skin hy per aemia became apparent in g roup D and E by na ked eyes, and the inflammat ion of muscle and skin w as ag g ravat ed in bo th g ro ups. T he content o f my elo per ox idase ( M PO) detec ted by EL ISA show ed sig nificant differences amo ng all g ro ups, significant differ ences w ere also fo und betw een each ex perimental gr oup and the contr ol gr oup ( P < 0. 01 for all) ; multiple co mpar ison sho wed sig nificant differ ences among all ex per imental g ro ups but the compariso n between g roup B and C . Conclusion T he muscle tissue of SD r ats w ill sustain mild injury under pressur e o f 13. 73 kPa, and the injury agg ravat es as the pressur e incr eases. W hen the pressur e is within t he r ang e of 19. 97- 22. 47 kPa, the sev erit y of the injur y is not sig nificantly differ ent. T he animal mo del pr oves the tissue injury bro ug ht by pressure, w hich can serv e as r eference fo r clinical w or ker s. Key words: pr essure ulcer; SD rat s; pressur izat ion dev ice; ischemia r eperfusio n injur y; animal mo dels
作者单位 : 温州医学院护理学院 ( 浙江 温州 , 325035) 王艳艳 ( 1985 ) , 女 , 硕士在读 , 学生; * 通讯作者 科研项目 : 浙江省科技计划项目 ( 2008C33044) 收稿 : 2010- 03- 27; 修回 : 2010- 04- 17
腿股薄肌处间歇性施加不同压力循环, 诱导早期压疮 的形成 , 并观察其组织病理生理特点 , 以建立合适的 压疮早期动物模型 , 为进行压疮发生机制及预防压疮 临床研究提供实证依据。 1 材料与方法 1. 1 材料 1. 1. 1 动物 雄性 SD 大鼠 48 只[ 由上海斯莱克实 验动物有 限 责任 公 司提 供, 许 可 证号 : SOXK ( 沪 ) 2007- 0005] , 体质量 280~ 300 g 。大鼠自由饮水、 进 食 , 每只分笼喂养。将大鼠随机均分为对照组、 实验
护理学杂志 2010 年 7 月第 25 及评价
王艳艳 , 孙海琴, 张纯瑜 , 涂倩, 孙艳, 姜丽萍
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摘要 : 目的 为压疮动物模型的制备及实验方法提供实证依据 。方法 将 48 只 SD 雄性大鼠随机均分成六组各 8 只, 均行 10% 水合氯 醛麻醉后 , 对照组不予以压力 , 7. 5 h 后安乐死 ; 实验 A ~ E 组采用 特制压力装置对大 鼠股薄肌处施压 , A 组给予 13. 73 kPa 压强 , B 组给予 19. 97 kPa 压强 , C 组给予 22. 47 kPa 压强 , D 组给予 28. 71 kPa 压强 , E 组给予 34. 96 kPa 压强 ; 五组均予 3 个缺血 再灌注循 环后安乐死 。肉眼观察大鼠受压部位皮肤颜色和形态, 光镜下观察皮肤肌肉组织病理变化 , 测定肌肉组织中髓过氧化物酶 ( M PO) 含 量。 结果 A 组与对照组比较 , 皮肤肉眼观察无差别 , 光镜下皮肤层次欠清晰, 皮下结缔组织和肌肉组织有轻度炎性反应 ; B 组皮肤肉 眼观察略有发红, 光镜下皮下结缔组织和肌肉组织炎性反应较 A 组加重 ; C 组肉眼观察出现持续性非苍白性发红 , 光镜下皮 下结缔 组织和肌肉组织炎性反应较 B 组加重 , 与临床典型的 I 期压疮相似; D、 E 两组肉眼观察充血反应和光镜下观察炎性反应呈逐渐加重 趋势 。 各组 M PO 含量比较, 差异有统计学意义( P < 0. 01) ; 各实验组与对照组比较, 差异有统计学意义 ( 均 P < 0. 01) ; 实验组两两比 较, 除 B、 C 组外, 差异有统计学意义 ( 均 P < 0. 01) 。 结论 大鼠肌肉组织在 13. 73 kPa 压强下即发生轻度损伤, 随着压力增大 , 损伤呈 加重趋势 ; 压力为 19. 97~ 22. 47 kPa 时损伤程度差异不大。 可依据此动物模型进行压疮相关实验研究 。 关键词 : 压疮 ; 大鼠 ; 压力装置 ; 缺血 再灌注损伤 ; 动物 模型 中图分类号 : R471; R 331 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1001- 4152( 2010) 14- 0001- 05 DOI : 10. 3870/ hlx zz. 2010. 14. 001 W ang Yany an, S un H aiq in, Zhang Chuny u, T u Qian,