2011年12月英语四级考试拓展阅读美文背诵(2)

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版Part I Writing【标准版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is en ough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong wil l. To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章点评】本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。

大学英语四级真题2011年12月Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Why Integrity MattersWhat Is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency—not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making—and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a "0" on a test orassignment, an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It—Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him/her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence; the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self- respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do." ) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist—the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well- being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.2. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also ______.A) sticks to them in their daily life C) understands their true valuesB) makes them known to others D) sees that others also follow them3. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spirit. C) It is the basis of mutual trust.B) It facilitates communication. D) It inspires mutual respect.4. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?A) To ensure we make responsible choices. C) So that we don't break any rules.B) To avoid being overwhelmed by stress. D) So that we don't run into trouble.5. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if______.A) it has caused no harm C) it has gone unnoticedB) it is claimed to be unintentional D) it is committed with good intentions6. What should one do if he doesn't wish to fool himself?.A) Avoid making excuses. C) Make his intensions public.B) Listen to other people's advice. D) Have others watch over his shoulder.7. Those who take risks they regret later on______.A) will often become more cautious C) value immediate benefits mostB) are usually very aggressive D) may lose everything in the end8. According to the author, a cheater who doesn't get caught right away will______.A) pay more dearly C) be widely admiredB) become more confident D) feel somewhat lucky9. Cheaters at exam don't care about their education; all they care about is how to______.10. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people's______.11. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of______. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underlying all this (47) will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a (48) , sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major (49) of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy—bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few—are (50) being funded and developed, and will play a growing (51) in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when (52) , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.For example, even with (53) investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy. development (54) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels (55) only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from lot of (56) —both traditional and alternative.A) stable I) exactlyB) solutions J) consistC) significant K) compriseD) role L) competitionsE) progress M) combinedF) marvelous N) challengesG) included O) certainlyH) growthSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage TwoIt's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year—we just won't go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession—financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal(言语上的) aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for," he explains. "They'll say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something."The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."63. What does the author say about vacationing?A) People enjoy it all the more during a recession.B) Few people can afford it without working hard.C) It makes all the hard work worthwhile.D) It is the chief cause of family disputes.64. What does the author mean by saying "money is known...to bring a relationship to its knees" (Line 1, Para. 2)?A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.65. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession______.A) conflicts between couples tend to riseB) it is more expensive for couples to split upC) couples show more concern for each otherD) divorce and separation rates increase66. What does Kim Stephenson believe?A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.B) Money means a great deal to both men and women.C) Men and women spend money on different things.D) Men and women view money in different ways.67. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should______.A) put their money together instead of keeping it separatelyB) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgetsC) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationshipD) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romanticPassage OneBoys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity(阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, a US study says.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.58. The author believes that a single-sex school would______.A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boysC) encourage boys to express their emotions more freelyD) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man59. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys______.A) perform relatively better C) behave more responsiblyB) grow up more healthily D) receive a better education60. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A) It fails more boys than girls academically.B) It focuses more on mixed school education.C) It fails to give boys the attention they need.D) It places more pressure on boys than on girls.61. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is______.A) teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boysB) boys can focus on their lessons without being distractedC) boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested inD) teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit62. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report?A) They enjoy being in charge. C) They have sharper vision.B) They conform to stereotypes. D) They are violent and Sexist.Part ⅤClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Employers fear they will be unable to recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey (67) .Nearly half of the organisations told researchers they were already struggling to find (68) with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), (69) even more companies expect to experience (70) of employees with STEM skills in the next three years.The Confederation of British Industry (71) 694 businesses and organisations across the public and (72) sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people.Half are (73) they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to (74) enough employees with the right A-level skills." (75) we move further into recovery and businesses plan (76) growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will (77) ," said Richard Lambert, Director General, CBI. "Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right (78) or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top (79) to encourage more young people to study science-related (80) ."The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects (81) they studied business, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers (82) least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a (83) degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject.The research (84) worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK (85) . Half of the employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy (计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, (86) two-thirds reported concerns.68. A) submits C) launchesB) reveals D) generates69. A) audience C) partnersB) officials D) staff70. A) while C) forB) because D) although71. A) exits C) absencesB) shortages D) departures72. A) surveyed C) exposedB) searched D) exploited73. A) collective C) personalB) private D) civil74. A) confronted C) concernedB) conformed D) confused75. A) bind C) transferB) attain D) recruit76. A) Lest C) BeforeB) Unless D) As77. A) with C) onB) for D) by78. A) dominate C) enforceB) stretch D) intensify79. A) creative C) narrativeB) technical D) physical80. A) priority C) challengeB) option D) judgment81. A) procedures C) thoughtsB) academies D) subjects82. A) until C) whereasB) since D) if83. A) rate C) orderB) discuss D) observe84. A) typical C) positiveB) particular D) general85. A) highlighted C) focusedB) prescribed D) touched86. A) masses C) facultyB) workforce D) communities87. A) what C) whereB) whom D) whyPart ⅥTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.88. Charity groups organized various activities to__________.(为地震幸存者筹款).89. Linda__________(不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied.90. It's my mother__________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies.91. The publishing house has to__________(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度).92. It is absolutely wrong to__________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福).。

Unit 2 Initial Education启蒙教育Text 1 A Baby’s PerceptionA few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(尿布) their first-born son.“You don’t have to be so grim (严厉的) about it,”she protested.“You can talk to him and smile a little,”the father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “he has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex(影像), a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the gospel(真理). Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry(模糊的) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet(摇篮). Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his environment —including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal (初生的) period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shuts out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting(转移) his face. He is a glutton(酷爱…的人) for novelty(新奇的事物). He prefers animate(鼓舞) things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes this choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony(同步性) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.[A] firmly [B] victim [C] outline [D] delivery [E] precise [F] protested [G] perceptive [H] primitive [I] rejects [J] significant [K] shadows [L] tapping婴儿的感知能力几年前，一位年轻的母亲看到她的丈夫给大儿子换尿布的情形。

2011年12月英语四级考试作文（共五则）第一篇：2011年12月英语四级考试作文2011年12月四级作文：坚强的意志作文：Where There Is a Will There Is a Way1．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

2．意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命，3．学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才用。

1.Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will“Where there is a will, there is way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not all understand it so well.Actually, it means that if you are really resolved to do something, no matter how difficult it might be, never give up.In fact, strong will is a kind of good quality which successful people should own.A great man is always one who has a firm resolution and an inflexible spirit.One will never succeed all his life without a firm will to get the final victory.As a rule, great tasks are accomplished by men of strong will.For example, Dr.Sun Yatsen, the founder of the Republic of China, set the Chinese people free from the Manchurian rule through a long period of hard struggle.Many of his attempts failed and many of his followers were killed, but he had an inflexible spirit and stuck to his cause.Finally, he made the revolution of 1911 a success.The same is true of men in all walks of life.It is quite obvious that there is nothing difficult in the world, if you make up your mind to do it, you will certainly accomplish your end.That stands to reason.So as for students like us, we should have a good attitude towards failure.Facing with difficulties and failures, keep heads up and never give up.Besides, we should make full preparation, though strong will help usovercomethe diffioulties, it is not for person who has no preparation.2.We have spoken, written and discussed quite a lot on the relationship between iron will and success.Many people dream of becoming scientists, millionaires or superstars.However, without iron will, do you think they can succeed in making their dreams come true?Beyond all doubt, iron will plays a key role in being successful.At the top of the list, there must be difficulties in the way toward success.Apparently, the iron will is a strong weapon for against difficulties.In addition, positive attitude is indispensable to success.It is the iron will that can provoke positive attitude.T o be successful, everyone needs to understand the close relationship between iron will and success.In one word, no an iron will today, no success tomorrow.3.Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillAs we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved.There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite.Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance.Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.第二篇：英语作文四级考试Traffic jams are very commonly-seen in big cities, and a big headache for the citizens.In rush hours, endless cars get stuck on the road, and the whole city is like a huge parking lot.The driving restrictions, therefore, are put forward to alleviate the traffic problems in big cities.By implementing driving restrictions, around half of the private cars can be reduced from the road, which will help decrease the possibility of traffic jams.I believe that the driving restriction can be effective, but it is not the only way out.If the car ownership is increasing continuously, this policy will have limited effects.So the government should look at other areas to address the traffic problem, including reasonable road design, and encouragement of the public using public transport system.交通拥挤在大城市是很常见的，并为公民的一大难题。

1大学英语四六级考试易考范文背诵50篇Topic 1 The Necessity of ExaminationAs regards examination, there has been a heated discussion among the general public in our society.People who believe in its necessity may have some arguments as follows. To begin with, examination helps to tell the better-behaved from the worse-behaved students. What’s more examination may stimulate the students to work harder. Take Xiao Wang as an example, a student from Hebei Normal University, he used to have poor command of English. However, under the pressure of College English Test Band 4,he made great progress and can now speak fluent English. By contrast, some people think that examination may give rise to a series of negative effects. They maintain that examination can not always faithfully reflect one’s study performance. It is believed that too many students may be mislead and neglect the improvement of practical ability. Examples of “High marks but poor competence” are often cited on different media.Just as any coin has two sides, it’s no exception with the issue of examination. Students should develop a right attitude toward it and strike a balance between examination and practical ability achievement.[00:00.30]Topic 2On Self-employment of College Graduates .Nowadays, our government encourages college graduates to employ themselves by starting their own career. If their plan is creative and original, the government will grant a financial aid to them.This act aims to stimulate graduates’ creativity and alleviate the pressu re of employment. Firstly, the rate of unemployment and underemployment of college graduates is on the rise in recent years because of the competitive job market. Secondly, some graduate employees are not satisfied with the present job and their enthusiasm for work has been frustrated to some degree. Thirdly, some brilliant and ambitious graduates lack start-up capital even though they have a good idea.In conclusion, the act does not only bring many opportunities to college graduates, but also restore their confidence in themselves and the future. Moreover, many job opportunities are created for the society as a result.Topic 3On the Popularity of Internet-based InstructionWith the rapid development of information technology,there is a boom in Internet-based instruction.Most of the universities offer online courses which have gained much popularity among students nowadays. This new way of teaching brings many advantages. Firstly, it gives much convenience and freedom to students. Students can study at any time and any place as they like, even in pajamas睡衣, 宽长裤. Secondly, it is very economical because students are not required to come to the campus, and schools can cut the expenditure on electricity and water supply,doorkeepers’ payment, pa rk lots maintenance and so on. But online learning has drawbacks as well. One of them is that there is no effective way to ensure that students make the required efforts.As for me, I prefer the traditional way of teaching. The face-to-face communication with teachers can give me more encouragement to learn.As a matter of fact, the direct guidance and class interaction benefit me a lot. Topic 6Fashion Pursuit in Colleges.Nowadays students in colleges and universities are in hot pursuit of fashion, which is an unquestionable fact. They are crazy for everything that is prevailing in society, such as owning luxurious mobile phones and wearing blonde curls. Many people think it acceptable for college students to follow fashion. College students are very flexible in thought and are easy to accept new things, so following fashion may well reflect their pioneering spirit and may help them form a good habit for their future career. But on the contrary, some people have the idea that it is imperative to resist the fashion. College students should concentrate themselves exclusively on studies, which should be on the top of their agenda. Holding the right concept of value makes sense. To earn an impressive academic performance, we college students must pour determined efforts into study and pay no attention to vogue时尚.As far as I am concerned, college students should have the spirit of pioneering. However, the spirit cannot always be shown by fashion, but by their academic performance. We should compete with our peers for better scholarly achievement instead of more expensive fashionable clothes.Topic 7Campus Certificates Craze.If you just randomly ask a student on campus what he is busy doing, very possibly, he may answer that he is preparing for a certificate of some kind.Investigating a little more, you will find that this has become a new craze among college students. The reasons behind the phenomenon can be summarized into just one: the pressure of finding a job after graduation. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to compete for the limited job posts. How to make oneself more competitive? Maybe more certificates at hand. Hoping that the employers might find one of them more attractive, the students are compelled to run from one exam to another.As far as I am concerned, the students should have a more rational attitude toward certificates, because exam certificates do not necessarily represent one’s ability. For me, one should work hard at his or her major. Opportunity will come to you if you are competent enough in your field.Topic 8On College Students’ Taking Part-time Jobs.Nowadays more and more people voice growing concern over college students’ taking part-time jobs.Some people argue that it is unquestionably beneficial to the students inthat it can enlarge their horizon and enrich their experience, while others firmly hold that part-time jobs of all kinds are harmful since they will hinder the students’ normal college study. Personally, I think this question should be probed in depth. On the one hand, the first group is not totally correct because not all part-time jobs are beneficial. Students are somewhat immature and easily led astray误入歧途地by those money-addicted employers. On the other hand, the second opinion seems not so satisfactory because we also witness successful examples in universities home and abroad. Early working experience can be invaluable as the preparation for future career.From what has been discussed above, we can see clearly that the key lies in whether the student in focus is able to strike a successful balance between work and study. Otherwise, the college life will be caught in the so-called vicious circle no matter whether the student takes part-time jobs or not.[00:00.69]Topic 9My View on Amalgamation合并of Universities.Recently there have been many reports of amalgamation of universities. It turns a new page of advanced education in China, and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.The biggest benefit, in my eyes, is that the merging often results in a comprehensive university with increased overall strength. To take part in international competitions, we need more universities of this kind. In addition, the integration of staff members will significantly improve the quality of both teaching and research. Finally, reorganization will optimize使最优化the disposition安排；布置of limited resources, which is the symbol of successful educational reform.Apart from the benefits mentioned above, we should also face several unavoidable challenges. In the first place, the integration process itself will be difficult even painful—many people may need to sacrifice their own interestsfor the whole university. In the second place, the management of such biguni versities is not easy at all. What’s the most important, the most successful university is not necessarily the largest one or the one with most students the key lies in the unique spirit of the university. Only when we deal with these problems successfully can we benefit the most from university amalgamation.Topic 10My View on Double BA Degree .Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time.In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later. Although it may bring unfavorable相反的consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hard working and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition.Weighing the pros and cons赞成和反对的理由;利弊;正反两方面;优缺点of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding值得做的;有益的. This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.Topic 11On Opening Psychological CoursesRecently, more and more educators and common citizens suggest that universities and colleges open more courses which are helpful for students’ psychological health.Personally, I fully agree with their proposal for the following reasons. On the one hand, the ever-increasing pressure of study at the moment andjob-hunting in the future may lead to many psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression and even despair, and the psychological courses open a door for communication and relaxation.On the other hand, such courses can teach students how to regulate调整; 调节feelings and emotions under different situations, which is a good preparation for the future life in the complex society. Finally, these courses also introduce good habits which are conducive to one’s mental and psychological health. To be mature and qualified citizens in the society, students have to do more than study hard.In a word, I warmly welcome the establishment of psychological courses in universities. In my mind, they are good for students’ psychological developme nt. Topic 12Should College Students Have a Credit Card?At present, credit cards, the once exclusive possessions of the rich, have become quite popular on campus.Some college students hold more than one credit card. They use credit cards to buy a variety of goods，such as clothes, stationery, electronic products and other expensive goods. What’s more, they also use credit cards to pay mobile phone bills and other bills.In my opinion, credit cards are not necessities for college students. With credit cards, some students tend to purchase goods on impulse. They can get temporary临时的, 暂时的satisfaction this way; however, hot-headed purchase will leave a heavy financial burden on students. Worse still, if they can not repay debts on time, their dishonest behavior will be recorded.In a world of credit, such a record is definitely unfavorable to the students. Topic 13My View on Remedial ExaminationsRemedial examinations have been part of university education for many years. After careful observation, we can find that it is more complicated than we have thought.On the whole, I should say remedial examinations are necessary for our educational system. On the one hand, some college students are not working hard, and if none of them fail the examination, how can we guarantee the quality of education? On the other hand, by preparing for and taking part in remedial examinations, students can make up for the lost time. If they can learn from thislesson, it will certainly be beneficial for their future life. To make remedial examinations do the job, however, we have to make sure of several points below. For one thing, we should make all the examinations as fair as possible. Some students cheat in the examinations to get high scores, and others beg the teacher for a satisfactory grade. All of these people should be severely punished. For another, teachers should not decide the number of students failing the test before the examination.They should bear a standard in mind, which is comparable across the years. The remedial examination is an important part of college education. Only by planning it wisely and conducting it reasonably can we make best use of it.Topic 14On Overseas StudyLike anything else, overseas study has both advantages and disadvantages.The main benefits of studying overseas are as follows. In the first place, the overseas students can benefit greatly from the higher academic level and the more advanced research facilities in some famous universities. In the second place, it’s the best way to understand a new culture and its people and language. Last but not least, the experience will be invaluable to character building, making most students more independent, diligent and enterprising有事业心的,有胆量的. However, the negative effects are also obvious. To begin with, if a person does not make full preparations before going abroad, he will have great difficulty adapting to the new environment. What’s more, the cultural differences will hinder the regular life in many ways. Finally, money is always a big problem.Many students have to find part-time jobs to earn money to pay tuition and fees. in conclusion, the advantages of overseas study outweigh its disadvantages. Once they return home, the overseas students will make great contribution toour motherland.[00:00.68]Topic 15On Electronic DictionaryThe discussion about electronic dictionary has never stopped in the past few years.Some people hold that it has a lot of advantages. To begin with, it’s extremely convenient. Whenever you meet new words or expressions, you can know the meaning quickly by looking up it. What’s more, it’s becoming cheaper and cheaper, and more and more students can afford it. However, other people argue that its negative effects are also obvious. Firstly, some students rely too much on it—they never put their heart into learning new words and expressions. Secondly, some explanations are neither complete nor accurate, which are quite misleading.Up until now, we can see it clearly that electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself. The key lies in its user—so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.Topic 16Are College Students Diligent?When we talk about whether college students are diligent or not, we will be most surprised to find that the present situation is so complicated.On the one hand, many students do not cherish their time on campus: Some indulge themselves in video games or Internet chat, and some go shopping or dancing frequently. On the other hand, many others seize every minute to turn their dreams into reality: Some study in library every day including weekends, some conduct experiments until midnight, some collect data for research papers and others take part in all kinds of examinations.Two reasons, in my eyes, can account for this phenomenon. In the first place, the general environment in university is a decisive factor—if most students are fighting for their future, the others will be affected. In the second place, the general social atmosphere also plays an important role—if the reality can always testify to the proverb “Diligence is the mother of success”, students will not hesitate to take action.Topic 17Going on Studying or Going to WorkCurrently, the major dilemma which most students face upon graduation is whether to continue pursuing postgraduate studies or to find a job immediately.Those who decide to go to work immediately cannot wait to put what they have learned into practice. They believe that only by applicationcan they master knowledge in the real sense真正意义上地. Most important of all, they can live on their own and have the feeling of accomplishment for the first time. Other people, however, believe that if a person wants to be an expert in a specialized专门的field, four years in university is far from enough. The best way is to choose a direction and study it in depth. It is not late at all when they go to work, because they start at a much higher level.No matter which choice a student will finally make, he has to be extremely careful to look into his unique situation and consult the predecessors for their advice. He will make the right choice if he knows his goal in life and how to turn it into reality.Topic 18Stepping away from Online GamesNowadays, more and more college students are addicted to online games. Those games may be fun and exciting, but are very harmful to those addicts.In my opinion, there are many disadvantages of game addiction. Firstly, online games take up a lot of players’ time for study. Many of the addicts found themselves forced to drop out of school for poor academic performance. Secondly, addicts tend to isolate themselves from the reality. What’s worse, indulging in the virtual world for a long time, they are more liable to suffer mental problem and physical collapse.Finally, players are exposed to too much violent and unhealthy material, which is definitely harmful to their growth.In short, I cannot see any benefits from online games. Studying should be theprimary concern of college students. Therefore, I do hope they can step away from online games.[00:00.50]Topic 19How to Eliminate Cheating on CampusNowadays, instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations. It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my mind, it calls for the efforts from all sides. First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinations, from whispering, copying and receiving answers via mobile phones to asking ringers for help, will be severely punished with no exception. Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity as the prerequisite先决条件,前提to an upright正直的, 诚实的and responsible citizen so as to learn to despise鄙视, 看不起某人(某事) and fight dishonest behaviors throughout the life. Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.[00:00.32]Topic 20Changing the Major in UniversityRecently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to apply for changing their majors. In this way, they can learn what they’re most interested in if their applications are approved.Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, some students can’t choose their favorite major because their entrance examination scores are not satisfactory enough, but the new system of changing major gives them a second chance. Moreover, once they are learning their favorite major, they will probably be more confident and diligent than before. Finally, students learn largely the same basic courses during the first one or two years, so changing major will not bring learning difficulties.In a word, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only gives students a second chance to choose their major, but also prepares them for the coming competition.[00:00.61]Topic 21 CreditCredit is of great importance to one’s development. Without credit, one wouldn’t get the trust from others, let alone get help from others or cooperate with others.Howev er, nowadays the whole society is faced with “credit crisis”. To begin with, business is threatened by the lack of credit and trust between enterprises and banks. According to a recent survey conducted by the People’s Bank ofChina, a total amount of 3240 billion Yuan debts were not paid off to banks by the enterprises in the year 2006. In addition, lies often exist between friends. For example, Xiao Wang—my neighbor—was persuaded to buy certain insurance product and turned out to find that he was cheated. What’s more, we have heard lots of news reports that family members cheated each other for their respective benefits.We should take measures to improve people’s sense of credit and establish stricter laws to punish the behavior of those who do not have credit. Only in these ways can we hope to enhance the credit of the whole society.Topic 22Is EQ More Important than IQ?Nowadays, many people in the society hold the idea that 20% of one’s success lies in his Intelligence Quotient, while 80﹪in his Emotional Quotient. People now are more and more aware of the importance of EQ.In my opinion, I fully agree with that. First of all, with a high EQ, one will get along well with his peers and companions, so they can conduct business or finish their work in a harmonious atmosphere and improve the working efficiency. Furthermore, only with high EQ can one be self-restrained and bravely overcome the difficulties encountered in work and life.In brief, a high EQ will make a person become more optimistic, confident and passionate in his work. As the saying goes, one’s character determines one’s destiny, which stresses on the importance of EQ. Therefore, while IQ indeed can’t be ignored, EQ is more vital for one to be successful.Topic 23My View on Global Food CrisisRecently, people are talking about an urgent threat—the global food crisis, and the year 2008 is even defined as The Year of Global Food Crisis.The global food crisis, firstly, can be said to be triggered by the fast population growth in recent decades. With more and more people to be fed, we have to find better ways to increase our agricultural yields. Moreover, while we are striving for a higher civilization, the damages we have done to the environment make much of the world’s soil deteriorate. W ith the land yielding little, there is no wonder that people will go hungry. Last but not least, many farmers in some countries are leaving the land because the cost of production exceeds the return. Some of them work at jobs off the land, and some just lay waste the land altogether.Solving the global food crisis is a big issue, and needs the concern and cooperation of every nation of the world. On an individual level, we should be frugal节约的，节俭的，节省的about the food, and never waste a bit of it.Topic 24 Food SafetyDue to the tainted腐坏的, 污染的, 沾污的, 感染的milk produced by Sanlu Company, many infants were suffering from kidney stone, and some even died. This case, however, is only the latest food safety problem. In the near past, KFC food was found to be tainted by Sudan red, a dangerous chemical that couldcause cancers.Food contamination will result in not only direct health problems, but also other indirect consequences. On the one hand, when a product is discovered to be contaminated, people will have lingering fears ，take Sanlu scandal for instance, when the scandal was brought into the daylight, the company only reaped its bankruptcy, which can affect social stability due to unemployment brought by it.I n order to counter对抗food safety problems, corporate leaders should not only attach importance to short-term profit through adulteration掺杂,掺假货and other unlawful不合法的means. Meanwhile, the government should also perfect its supervision procedures and increase financing for food testing. [00:00.26]Topic 25My View on Freeters飞特族Nowadays, the emergence and rise of freeters in China has caught public attention. Freeters are those who do not have any stable jobs and only earn money when they are in need of it. When they have adequate money, they usually do things at their pleasure.The phenomenon of freeters shows that people can enjoy a flexible schedule and live a desirable life. However，there are some potential problems for them. For one thing, they are always moving and changing jobs; as a result, their welfare can not be guaranteed. For another,they are less likely to have a long-term career development because of too frequent change of jobs. Last but not least, they are possibly not aware that what they do is kind of irresponsibility for their family and the society.To my mind, the rise of freeters manifests social progress. However, the scale of freeters should be controlled; otherwise it will cause problems.Topic 26My View on Self-reliance自力更生From my point of view, self-reliance means doing whatever we can by ourselves, and when facing difficulties, we try our best to deal with the problems rather than rely on others. Self-reliance is vital to everybody in that we can not depend on others all the time. Besides, it is also a sign of growing-up, which means that we can take the responsibilities for the family and the society.Then how can we become self-reliant? Firstly, we should get out of the bad habit of being looked after by our parents. Secondly, we should not ask for help from others easily when we are involved in some troubling situation. Moreover,self-confidence is a precondition of self-reliance, for only when we trust in ourselves, we can be self-reliant. Trust thyself”, so says American author and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson in his famous essay“Self-reliance”.Self-reliance is important to everybody and is one of the key factors that make us successful in life.Topic 27My View On TV ShoppingNowadays, with the fast development of mass media networks, people areexperiencing unprecedented convenience of handling daily matters. TV shopping programs, for example, have made shopping so simple that it has become a fashion and trend that we can hardly resist.However, everything can be a double-edged sword and TV shopping program is no exception. TV shopping has its advantages. Firstly, it is very convenient for consumers to make their purchase without going out and walking wearily from one shop window to another. Secondly, compared with paper advertisements, TV shopping programs show us the goods more vividly. When it comes to disadvantages, it seems that we, as consumers, can hear and see what is presented, but stand a narrow chance of knowing for sure what the goods are really like, and sometimes these salesmen just sweet talk us into buying what we do not need or something of poor quality.While making good use of TV shopping programs, we should be rational about what is advertised on TV and spend our money in a reasonable and cost-effective way.Topic 28 My View on Train Ticket ScalperFor many college students, going back home for the Spring Festival proves to be an ordeal. Despite the efforts of queuing up for several hours or even days, some can not get the tickets. As the last resort, they would turn to train ticket scalpers.According to numerous media reports, illegal ticket deal has become a flourishing茂盛的, 兴盛的and well-organized business. Though illegaltrain-ticket deal does help some home-bounded people, often times ticket scalpers sell fake tickets. Consequently, those with fake tickets will be punished by train conductors. Furthermore, suspicion of scalpers being hand in glove密切合作、互相勾结with railway employees has already resulted in the public anxiety and anger, which will pose potential threat to the social stability. While the railway infrastructure can not be improved in the near future, the only solution to controlling the illegal ticket deal depends on the efficiency of railway system management.If the ticket distribution system is reliable, then scalpers will eventually find their flourishing business doomed.Topic 29On Idol WorshippingIdol worshipping is not a new phenomenon, but the recent cases of unreasonable behaviors conducted by some young people have made it a focus of attention again. Espec ially, a young girl’s father has committed suicide just to wake up his daughter who is possessed by the idea of following her idol wherever he goes.Some people argue that the mass media is to blame for the tragedy, because they always show a picture of glamorous富有魅力的;迷人的movie stars, pop singers and all the other entertainers. They represent a lifestyle that young people desire to have. However, the young people are just not mature enough to distinguish the reality from the dream. Other people believe that it shows the。

Oil There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist's. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This kind of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this respect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated. The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil(煤油) could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engine was invented, oil became of world wide importance. What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they sliould be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary(tJL${$J) rocks, rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.。

英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage:The development of e-commerce has dramatically transformed the retail industry. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have been supplemented, and in some cases, replaced by online platforms. This shift has brought about significant changes in the way consumers shop and businesses operate.One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the convenience it offers. Consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes at any time of day, without the need to travel to a physical store. This has particularly benefited those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, e-commerce allows for a wider selection of products than might be available in local stores, often at more competitive prices.However, the rise of e-commerce has also introduced challenges. The anonymity of online transactions can lead to issues of trust, with consumers sometimes hesitant to purchase from unfamiliar websites. Furthermore, the increased competition has forced many small businesses to either adapt to the digital marketplace or face closure.In conclusion, while e-commerce has revolutionized the retail industry and brought numerous benefits to consumers, it is not without its challenges. Businesses must continue to evolve to meet the demands of this rapidly changing landscape.Word Bank:A) convenienceB) competitionC) transactionsD) transformedE) operateF) mobilityG) adaptH) hesitantI) unfamiliarJ) widerQuestions:1) The development of e-commerce has _______ the retail industry.2) One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the _______ it offers.3) Consumers can shop from home, which is particularly beneficial for those with limited _______.4) The anonymity of online _______ can lead to issues of trust.Section BDirections:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One:The tourism industry has seen significant growth over the past few decades, driven by the increasing availability of affordable travel options and the rise of social media. These factorshave made it easier than ever for people to explore new destinations and share their experiences with others.One of the most notable trends in recent years is the rise of "sustainable tourism." This approach emphasizes minimizing the environmental impact of travel while supporting local communities. Sustainable tourism can include practices such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, participating in conservation efforts, and respecting local cultures. However, the growth of tourism has also led to challenges. Popular destinations can become overcrowded, leading to damage to natural environments and cultural sites. In some cases, the influx of tourists can even disrupt local communities, causing resentment among residents. In conclusion, while tourism offers many benefits, it is important to approach travel responsibly to ensure that destinations can be enjoyed by future generations. Questions:1) What has contributed to the significant growth of the tourism industry?A) The decline in travel costs and the popularity of social media.B) The development of new transportation methods.C) The increase in luxury travel options.D) The promotion of international tourism by governments.2) What is a key aspect of sustainable tourism?A) Visiting as many destinations as possible.B) Minimizing environmental impact and supporting local communities.C) Staying in luxury hotels and resorts.D) Traveling to remote and unspoiled locations.3) What is one of the challenges caused by the growth of tourism?A) The decline in international travel.B) The negative impact on local cultures and environments.C) The rise in travel-related costs.D) The decrease in travel safety.4) How can travelers ensure that destinations remain enjoyable for future generations?A) By visiting only popular tourist spots.B) By choosing environmentally friendly travel options.C) By limiting the duration of their trips.D) By avoiding travel during peak seasons.Passage Two:The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly important in modern society. As technology continues to blur the lines between work and personal life, many people struggle to find time for relaxation and leisure. This issue is particularly prevalent in countries where long working hours are the norm.One of the main challenges of achieving work-life balance is the expectation to be constantly available. With the advent of smartphones and email, employees are often expected to respond to work-related communications outside of regular business hours. This can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction.Employers are beginning to recognize the importance of work-life balance for employee well-being and productivity. Some companies have implemented policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and mandatory vacation time to help employees achieve a healthier balance.In conclusion, work-life balance is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Employers and employees alike must work together to create an environment that supports a healthy balance between work and personal life.Questions:1) What has contributed to the difficulty of achieving work-life balance in modern society?A) The rise of remote work opportunities.B) The increasing demand for skilled labor.C) The expectation to be constantly available.D) The decline in job security.2) What is one of the negative effects of being constantly available for work?A) Increased job satisfaction.B) Higher productivity levels.C) Burnout and decreased job satisfaction.D) Improved work-life balance.3) How are some employers helping employees achieve work-life balance?A) By increasing work hours and reducing vacation time.B) By offering flexible working hours and remote work options.C) By eliminating work-from-home opportunities.D) By requiring employees to work on weekends.4) Why is work-life balance important?A) It helps employees earn more money.B) It allows employees to focus solely on their careers.C) It is essential for maintaining physical and mental health.D) It improves job security.Passage Three:The importance of cybersecurity has grown exponentially as the world becomes more connected through the internet. Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated, targeting everything from personal information to critical infrastructure.One of the most common forms of cyberattacks is phishing, where attackers trick individuals into providing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy source. This can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation.To combat these threats, both individuals and organizations must take proactive measures. This includes using strong passwords, keeping software up to date, and being cautious of suspicious emails and links. Additionally, governments and businesses are investing in cybersecurity technologies and training to protect against potential threats.In conclusion, cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern life, requiring constant vigilance and proactive measures to safeguard against the ever-evolving threats in the digital world. Questions:1) What has contributed to the growing importance of cybersecurity?A) The decline in internet usage.B) The increase in cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.C) The rise of traditional communication methods.D) The reduction in government regulations.2) What is one of the most common forms of cyberattacks?A) Phishing.B) Malware.C) Ransomware.D) Denial of service.3) What can individuals do to protect themselves from cyberattacks?A) Use weak passwords and share them with others.B) Keep software up to date and be cautious of suspicious emails.C) Ignore cybersecurity threats and rely on antivirus software.D) Avoid using the internet altogether.4) How are governments and businesses addressing cybersecurity threats?A) By reducing investments in cybersecurity technologies.B) By training employees and investing in cybersecurity technologies.C) By eliminating the use of the internet in the workplace.D) By ignoring cybersecurity risks.答案部分1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section APassage:电子商务的发展已经极大地改变了零售业。

大学四级英语阅读范文(优选12篇)大学四级英语阅读范文第1篇As the 11 of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 12 to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health.The amount of stress a person can 15 depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are 16 prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between _fight_ or _flight_ and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so 18 , but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued 19 to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot 20 stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could) , we need to find ways to deal with it.A. cancelB. paceC. extremeD. automaticallyE. removeF. vitalG. performanceH. supposedI. rate J. exposure K. achievement L. unusualM obviously N withstand O harsh答案：11. B 12. H 13. F 14. G 15. N 16. M 17. L 18. C 19. J 20. E大学四级英语阅读范文第2篇My views on Online ShoppingNowadays, can we find a person who has not experienced online shopping?Definitely not. Online shopping is coming into fashion in most of cities due to the rapid development of internet technology.Online shopping is welcomed by most people due to various theperspective of consumer, it can save some time for people who don't have much spare time. Just click the mouse,they can get whatever they want while staying at the retailers, it can cut some costs for those who don't have much circulating don't have to rent a house and spend money on employees compared with the traditional trade mode. However, there arestill some defects in online shopping. First, face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. Second, people willose the fun of bargain.It is undeniable that shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern ' s of great urgency that we need to regulate the relative laws in accordance with the rapid growth of online in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of being treated.网上购物之我见如今，我们能找到一个人没有经历过网上购物吗?绝对不会。

·第一篇：On Meeting the Celebrated 论见名人On Meeting the CelebratedI have always wondered at the passion many people have to meet the celebrated. The prestige you acquire by being able to tell your friends that you know famous men proves only that you are yourself of small account. The celebrated develop a technique to deal with the persons they come across. They show the world a mask, often an impressive on, but take care to conceal their real selves. They play the part that is expected from them, and with practice learn to play it very well, but you are stupid if you think that this public performance of theirs corresponds with the man within.I have been attached, deeply attached, to a few people; but I have been interested in men in general not for their own sakes, but for the sake of my work. I have not, as Kant enjoined, regarded each man as an end in himself, but as material that might be useful to me as a writer. I have been more concerned with the obscure than with the famous. They are more often themselves. They have had no need to create a figure to protect themselves from the world or to impress it. Their idiosyncrasies have had more chance to develop in the limited circle of their activity, and since they have never been in thepublic eye it has never occurred to them that they have anything to conceal. They display their oddities because it has never struck them that they are odd. And after all it is with the common run of men that we writers have to deal; kings, dictators, commercial magnates are from our point of view very unsatisfactory. To write about them is a venture that has often tempted writers, but the failure that has attended their efforts shows that such beings are too exceptional to form a proper ground for a work of art. They cannot be made real. The ordinary is the writer’s richer field. Its unexpectedness, its singularity, its infinite variety afford unending material. The great man is too often all of a piece; it is the little man that is a bundle of contradictory elements. He is inexhaustible. You never come to the end of the surprises he has in store for you. For my part I would much sooner spend a month on a desert island with a veterinary surgeon than with a prime minister.·第二篇：The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半The 50-Percent Theory of LifeI believe in the 50-percent theory. Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they re worse. I believe life is a pendulum swing. It takes time and experience to understand what normal is, and that gives me the perspective to deal with thesurprises of the future.Let’s benchmark the parameters: yes, I will die. I’ve dealt with the deaths of both parents, a best friend, a beloved boss and cherished pets. Some of these deaths have been violent, before my eyes, or slow and agonizing. Bad stuff, and it belongs at the bottom of the scale.Then there are those high points: romance and marriage to the right person; having a child and doing those Dad things like coaching my son’s baseball team, paddling around the creek in the boat while he’s swimming with the dogs, discovering his compassion so deep it manifests even in his kindness to snails, his imagination so vivid he builds a spaceship from a scattered pile of Legos.But there is a vast meadow of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flip-flop acrobatically. This is what convinces me to believe in the 50-percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland so flood-prone that neighbors laughed. I felt chagrined at the wastedeffort. Summer turned brutal---the worst heat wave and drought in my lifetime. The air-conditioned died; the well went dry; the marriage ended; the job lost; the money gone. I was living lyrics from a country tune---music I loathed. Only a surging Kansas City Royals team buoyed my spirits.Looking back on that horrible summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely offset the bad. Worse than normal wouldn’t last long. I am owed and savor the halcyon times. The reinvigorate me for the next nasty surprise and offer assurance that can thrive. The 50-percent theory even helps me see hope beyond my Royals’ recent slump, a field of struggling rookies sown so that some year soon we can reap an October harvest.For that on blistering summer, the ground moisture was just right, planting early allowed pollination before heat withered the tops, and the lack of rain spared the standing corn from floods. That winter my crib overflowed with corn---fat, healthy three-to-a-stalk ears filled with kernels from heel to tip---while my neighbors’ fields yielded only brown, empty husks.Although plantings past may have fallen below the 50-percentexpectation, and they probably will again in the future, I am still sustained by the crop that flourishes during the drought.·第三篇：What is Your Recovery Rate? 你的恢复速率是多少？What is Your Recovery Rate?What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviors that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? The longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell, the longer it takes you to recover, the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium, the healthier you will be. The best example of this behavior is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missd opportunity and get on with the game, the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them toovercome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a ful stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.Remember: Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to you, “I did that wrong.”“I should have done better there.”No. look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking realchange here. Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.The way forward?Live in the present. Not in the precedent.·第四篇：Clear Your Mental Space 清理心灵的空间Clear Your Mental SpaceThink about the last time you felt a negative emotion---like stress, anger, or frustration. What was going through your mind as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered with thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to think?The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Yes, that’s right, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute. While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.Allow that emotion to consume you. Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion. Don’t cheat yourself here. Take the entireminute---but only one minute---to do nothing else but feel that emotion.When the minute is over, ask yourself, “Am I wiling to keep holding on to this negative emotion as I go through the rest of the day?”Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really fell it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion clears rather quickly.If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK. Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day. If not, take a deep breath. As you exhale, release all that negativity with your breath.This exercise seems simple---almost too simple. But, it is very effective. By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it downand trying not to feel it. You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs. When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task.Try it. Next time you’re in the middle of a negative emotion, give yourself the space to feel the emotion and see what happens. Keep a piece of paper with you that says the following:Stop. Immerse for one minute. Do I want to keep this negativity? Breath deep, exhale, release. Move on!This will remind you of the steps to the process. Remember; take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you’ve felt it enough, release it---really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really want to do!·第五篇：Be Happy 快乐Be Happy!“The days that make us happy make us wise.”----John Masefieldwhen I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it.Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or contentment ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wallcrumbles.The long vista is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you----people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is the beginning of wisdom.11. Choosing an OccupationEvery one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life. An appropriate occupation makes a man work with zest(热情） and vigor, as well as contribute to his country.To make a wise choice, two important things should be taken into consideration. One is the interest, the other, the demands of people and society. Only if the two aspects are connected, can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage. If the two conflict, the former should be under the latter, for the people's interests are more important than the individual's.In regard to my choice in the future, I am fond of learningforeign languages; what is more, with the implementation of the Open-Door Policy, exchange between home and abroad in economy and culture has been growing significantly, thus I'm determined to be a qualified interpreter.12. The Brain and the ComputerSome recent developments in the computer industry make scientists predict that the gap between human beings and machines will be closed about the year 20000.To understand the significance of this prediction let us compare the human brain with existing computers. The brain consumes electrical energy at the rate of 25 watts and occupies a volume of one tenth of a cubic foot. The brain houses between 10 billion and 100 billion items of information. Every brain cell is directly connected to many other cells. As a result, the cells in which information is stored can communicate with thousands of other cells. However, the computer consumes 1000,000 watts of electrical power and occupies hundreds of cubic feet of space. Its million items of immediately accessible information. In contrast, the computer memory is like a cell of pigeonholes, with no thinking capacity and noconnections elsewhere.In a word, the electronic brains are hopelessly inadequate in comparison with the human brains.13. Health and LifeAs the saying goes, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it’ you don’t know what health is until you are ill. “Health is of vital importance to life” sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true.The negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday. How many big plans are interrupted by bad health! Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health. How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy. Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself. First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being. Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet. Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.14. Energy ResourcesChina is rich in various energy resources. Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. They are essential in developing the country's industry, science and technology. China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum. Three energy resources are being used up rapidly, With the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain. They are all big consumers of energy resources. Besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources.To avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures. First, it should let people know the importance of saving energy. Second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地热） energy and so on. We have reason to be optimistic in this respect.15. CompetitionCompetition makes people original and creative. It verynecessary to compete if human society wants to advance. (Even animals compete for survival.) Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility. When three monks live together, there will be no drinking water. This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China's productivity was so low before Mr Deng came to power. At that time, we had the so-called planned economy. There was no competition at all. So neither farmers nor workers worked hard. China was on the edge of collapse. Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything. For example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion. The same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them. It must raise its efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race.Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation.16.Students’ Part-time jobsThere are many advantages for a student to have a part time job. For instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing. It enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence. Therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society.As everything has two sides, the disadvantages can’t be ignored. Part-time jobs cut into students’ study time; some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca ‘t focus their attention on studying. In the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies.In my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation. The most important thing is for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it.17.Wealth and HappinessEverybody wants to get wealth. In today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort,pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood; with money, they can own stately luxury cars. Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.18.IdealsEveryone has his ideals. A businessman wishes to make greater profit; a farmer expects bumper harvests; a student tries to learn more and better. And everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal.One should be sensible about whether his ideal is wellfounded or not. If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization. Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary. And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another. My ideal is to become a doctor, It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people’s lives. To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor. I am sure I will realize my ideal if I persevere in this pursuit.19.Popular Sports in ChinaSports are flourishing in china now. More and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on. Every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level. Sports are no longer limited to a few professional players.Early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise. Martial arts (like Chinese boxing or swordplay) which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now havebecome a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses. In addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies.China promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people; she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity. She awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world. In the world the Chinese have become a strong people inste ad of “the weaklings of East Asia”.。

2011年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Where There I a Will There Is a Way. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Where There Is a Will There Is a Way 1．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

2．意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命，3．学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，才用。

才用。

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, each day. One who has responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules abouto keep plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks the later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test o assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an life and death, or highest extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is n curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ⑧.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatayour education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the and destructive attack on the quality of University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ⑨.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many example of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ⑩.Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。