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从《远大前程》人物性格分析家庭教育对个人成长的重要性张庆凤【摘要】《远大前程》是狄更斯晚期的一部作品,它的意义影响深远,具有一定的现实意义.文章从《远大前程》中几位主要人物的性格的形成来分析说明一个人性格的健全、健康发展离不开早期的良好的家庭教育.【期刊名称】《河南机电高等专科学校学报》【年(卷),期】2012(020)005【总页数】3页(P74-75,88)【关键词】《远大前程》;性格;家庭教育【作者】张庆凤【作者单位】河南机电高等专科学校外语系,河南,新乡,453007【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I106.4查尔斯·狄更斯(1812—1870)是英国维多利亚时期著名的批判现实主义作家。
他出生于贫苦的职员家庭。
“因为家里孩子太多，狄更斯的母亲对孩子也就不太关心，作为长子的狄更斯就更少受到母亲的爱抚”［1］116。
狄更斯十一岁那年家里极度贫困，父亲因债台高筑而入狱。
十二岁那年他被母亲送到皮鞋油厂当童工，寄居在别人的家里。
在非常需要父母关爱的关键时期，他被迫打工自谋生路，他饱尝了生活的辛酸苦辣，他以锐利的目光透视着英国社会各个阶层的生活，丰富的生活阅历是他一生创作的源泉。
《远大前程》是他晚期的一部优秀的、成熟的作品，通过《远大前程》，我们可以感受到:一个完整、健康的家庭是孩子身心健康发展的基础，良好的家庭教育是一个人良好人格形成的保障，而一个人完善的个性发展对家庭、社会的和谐、稳定起着至关重要的作用。
反之如果一个孩子生长在一个不完整的家庭——缺少父爱或母爱，那么这样的孩子就易形成不良的个性——孤僻、内向或偏执的性格。
这样的性格会经不起挫折和意外打击。
更有甚者他们的性格会危及自我、家庭甚至社会。
以下就《远大前程》中一些人物性格的形成来分析说明良好的家庭教育对一个人个性的身心健康发展的重要性。
1 皮普性格的形成《远大前程》主人公皮普(Pip)就出生在一个不太正常的家庭里。
他从小父母双亡，由比他大二十多岁的姐姐教养。
浅析《远大前程》中主人公的性格与命运前言：查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)(1812年一1870年)，是19世纪最著名的英国小说家之一。
他的父亲因债务问题入狱，为补贴家用，狄更斯只有去当鞋童工。
但是他不想放弃成为作家这个梦想。
于是，他努力学习文化知识，先从记者做起，之后成为了小说家。
(查尔斯·狄更斯的生活经历在《远大前程》这部小说中有类似的体现。
)狄更斯的大部分作品都是描写在英国的维多利亚时期的底层人民过着苦难生活，亦反映了当时伦敦上层社会奢靡的生活习气。
《远大前程》是狄更斯创作后期的最主要的作品之一，他在这一时期还创作了最著名的《双城记》等优秀作品。
《远大前程》描述的是一个名叫皮普的孤儿幻想破灭的悲剧。
皮普本来是一个善良、纯朴、拥有理想的乡村青年。
可是，当他遇到埃斯黛拉后，心中虚荣的种子开始萌芽，他立志步入上流社会，成为一名所谓的绅士，就是为了与埃斯黛拉相互般配。
突然有一天，他将得到一位匿名人士的一大笔财产资助，自己的人生即将彻底改变，怀揣多年的远大理想也终于就要实现了。
在来到伦敦之后，他追求奢华的生活，挥金如土，结果债务累累。
几个月未见的姐夫——乔前来探望，他竟然产生了嫌弃之情，枉费姐夫从小对他的一片关心。
就在此时，那个资助者为了见见自己“培养的绅士”，悄悄来到伦敦，但作为逃犯的身份被揭穿了。
皮普知道后，感到非常震惊、甚至心生厌恶。
可是，随着逃犯的去世，他的理想生活成为了幻影。
后来，失去了这一切的皮普生了一场大病，好心的乔不但悉心照顾，还替他还清了债务。
最终，还是回到了乔身边，感觉从未离开过。
他终于领悟到所谓的远大前程就是吹弹可破的泡沫，对他来说，牢不可破的是拥有真诚的朋友和平凡的生活。
小说从三个个阶段清晰展现了皮普的成长，由善良纯朴到爱慕虚荣，甚至贪恋浮华的生活，经历磨难后回归自我。
最终逃不过命运的轮回，回到原本朴实的生活中。
通过对皮普成长历程的描写，来展现主人公性格的发展。
《远大前程》的社会阶层与个人奋斗在狄更斯的《远大前程》这部作品中，社会阶层与个人奋斗的主题交织在一起，呈现出一幅复杂而又引人深思的画卷。
故事中的主人公皮普，从一个贫苦的乡村少年，怀揣着对美好生活的向往，经历了种种波折与考验，最终在社会的大熔炉中找寻到了自己的位置。
社会阶层在这部小说中犹如一道道难以逾越的鸿沟。
皮普出身贫寒，生活在社会的底层。
他的家庭贫困，没有什么社会地位。
而那些处于上层社会的人物，如郝薇香小姐、埃斯特拉等，他们拥有财富、地位和权力，过着奢华的生活。
这种阶层的差距不仅仅体现在物质生活上，更体现在教育、文化和社交等多个方面。
上层社会的人们接受着良好的教育，有着优雅的举止和高贵的气质，他们在社交场合中如鱼得水。
而皮普这样的底层人物，在成长过程中往往缺乏这些资源和机会，面临着诸多的限制和困境。
然而，皮普并没有因为自己的出身而放弃对美好生活的追求。
他有着强烈的改变命运的愿望，这便是他个人奋斗的动力源泉。
当皮普有机会去郝薇香小姐家玩耍时，他第一次接触到了上层社会的生活方式和价值观。
这种经历在他心中种下了一颗向往的种子，让他渴望摆脱自己原本贫困的生活，跻身于上层社会之中。
于是，他努力学习，试图提升自己的知识和素养，希望能够与上层社会的人们接轨。
在个人奋斗的道路上，皮普也经历了许多挫折和迷失。
当他意外地得到一笔财富，并以为这笔财富能够让他实现自己的远大前程时，他开始变得虚荣和自私。
他抛弃了自己原本的善良和真诚，试图用金钱来堆砌自己的地位和形象。
然而，这种虚假的追求最终并没有给他带来真正的幸福和满足。
相反，他在这个过程中失去了自我，陷入了痛苦和迷茫之中。
直到经历了一系列的磨难和反思，皮普才逐渐明白了生活的真谛。
他意识到，真正的幸福和价值并不在于社会地位和财富的多少，而在于内心的善良、真诚和人与人之间的真情实感。
他开始重新审视自己的人生，放下了曾经的虚荣和幻想，回归到了朴实和真实的生活中。
《远大前程》通过皮普的经历，深刻地反映了社会阶层固化所带来的种种问题。
《名利场》是19世纪英国作家威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷的一部讽刺小说，以19世纪初英国为背景，讲述了两个女性主人公贝姬·夏普和艾米莉亚·班纳特的故事。
这部小说以尖锐的笔触揭示了当时社会的虚伪和腐败，对名利场的追逐与人生的空虚。
读完《名利场》，我对其中的人物形象和社会现实印象深刻。
贝姬·夏普是一个聪明、机智而又自私的女性，她不择手段地追求名利和财富，最终成为了一个富有但心灵空虚的女人。
而艾米莉亚·班纳特则是一个善良、纯真的女子，她坚守自己的原则和道德，但最终却因为社会的现实而悲剧收场。
小说中的社会现实让我深感震撼。
当时的英国社会充满了虚伪和利己主义，人们追逐名利、地位和财富，道德和人性被抛诸脑后。
这种对社会现实的讽刺让我反思了现实生活中的追逐与价值。
同时，小说也展示了人性的复杂性。
贝姬和艾米莉亚这两个角色都具有人性的光辉和阴暗面，他们的命运也让我思考了人生的无常和命运的不可预测。
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[英国文学作品]英国文学英国文学篇(1):10部英国经典小说10. 《名利场》Vanity Fair (William Makepeace Thackeray, 1848)威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷，1848年出版这部小说的主角或许就是英国文学史上最知名的非正统派女主角——贝奇·夏普，小说的情节围绕阶级、社会、跻身上流社会以及现代读者听来又熟悉又害怕的金融危机。
《名利场》这些要素全都具备, 讲述那个年代，也讲述着每一个年代。
9. 《科学怪人》Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)玛莉·雪莱，1818年出版这部先锋作品集科幻和哥特式恐怖于一身，营造了一个难以磨灭的“恶魔”主题，即科学家中的“现代普罗米修斯”，几世纪以来经久不衰。
8. 《大卫·科波菲尔》David Copperfield (Charles Dickens, 1850)查尔斯·狄更斯，1850年出版David Copperfield is populated by some of the most vivid characters ever created. They are as much a part of readers’ world, and their way of thinking about the world, as people they have actually met.《大卫·科波菲尔》人物形象众多，性格鲜活的角色云集。
这些人物角色仿佛是读者所在真实世界的一部分，和读者亲身遇见的人一样，有着相似的世界观。
7. 《呼啸山庄》Wuthering Heights (Emily Bront, 1847)艾米莉·勃朗特，1847年出版《呼啸山庄》“蕴含巨大的心理能量，没有其它书籍能够与之匹敌。
”读者推崇《呼啸山庄》是因为其“层层叠叠的叙述结构”和丰富惊人的想象力，更因为《呼啸山庄》超越了爱情故事本身，展现了我们转瞬即逝的欲望之下“永恒的震撼”。
《名利场》是萨克雷的代表作之一，也是一部经典的讽刺小说。
读完这本小说，我深深地感受到了其中蕴含的历史、文化和社会意义。
小说中的故事发生在19世纪的英国，这是一个充满拜金主义和虚荣心的时代。
萨克雷通过小说中的人物和情节，展现了当时社会的种种问题和矛盾，如人们为了追求名利而不择手段、道德沦丧等。
这些问题和矛盾至今仍然存在，读来令人深思。
小说中的主人公是一个聪明而机智的人，他深知名利场上的虚伪和荒谬，但他并没有放弃自己的信念，坚持追求自己的梦想和幸福。
他的坚韧和勇气深深地打动了我，让我意识到一个人的内心强大是多么重要。
此外，小说中还有许多其他的魅力点。
比如，作者描写了美丽的自然景色和动人的情感故事，让人感受到一种浪漫和温馨的氛围。
同时，小说还揭示了人性中的善恶、真假等问题，让人思考人生的意义和价值。
A Comparative Analysis of the Two Heroines inVanity Fair《名利场》中两位女主人公的对比分析AbstractVanity Fair is a famous novel and masterpiece written by William Makepeace Thackeray, and it is a famous work of critical realism. In the novel, Thackeray has created two female images --- Becky and Amelia, who are fresh and plump. They respectively stands for two types of female images: one is the “bad woman image”represented by Becky who breaks the tradition ones; and the other is the typical traditional “family angel image” represented by Amelia. However, both the bad woman and angel have the dual natures in Thackeray’s eyes. In this paper, it makes a comparative analysis of the two female images shaped by Thackeray in Vanity Fair, to discuss the similarities and differences between two females images’ characters, values, and destiny, and probe into the deep reasons for such differences.Through this novel, the 19th century English society can be seen at all levels and how different people survive in the cruel society. Researching this topic has importantsignificance in understanding and becoming familiar with the society and culture of the 19th century British capitalism.Key words: characters; Becky; Amelia中文摘要《名利场》是19世纪英国著名小说家威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷的成名作也是其代表作，是一部著名的批判现实主义作品。
从《名利场》看处在社会变革中的人摘要：《名利场》是英国著名作家萨克雷的代表作，它以生动的笔触刻画了一群处在英国社会变革时期沉浮于名利场上的人。
他们由于受不同文化力量的作用分化成不同的社会力量。
本文通过文本分析，并借鉴一些前人研究成果,分析书中三种社会力量代表的三个人物的命运,说明在社会变革时期“残余”力量将因无法适应时代精神而迷失，“新生”力量也因无信仰、追求而被无止尽的欲望异化，而“主导”力量因坚守信仰、责任最终成为社会主体力量。
这将给当代处在社会转型时期，陷入迷惘中的大学生该如何定位自己的人生以启发。
关键字：名立场社会变革迷失异化一、前言萨克雷是19世纪英国批判现实主义的小说家。
他的小说主要描写的是英国上流社会的阴暗以及各色人物为了名利策划阴谋、编造谎言、戏弄人生的现象。
他的代表作长篇小说《名利场》取材于十九世纪的英国社会，采用批判现实主义手法描绘了一群在社会变革时期极力争名夺利的人，同时展示了不同社会力量在《名利场》这个舞台上的沉浮。
小说内容基本上由两个女主角贝基和爱米丽亚的生活道路串联起来的：故事开始于两个好朋友贝基和爱米丽亚从平克顿女校毕业后，结伴回家。
穷画家之孤女的贝基受富家小姐爱米丽亚的邀请去她家做客，在爱米丽亚家贝基向她那富有的哥哥乔斯卖弄风情，企图通过与他结婚改变自己低下的社会地位。
失败后，去贵族克劳莱家作家庭女教师，在克劳莱府上，她又拼命的向克劳莱父子卖俏，最终如愿以偿的嫁给了克劳莱爵士的次子又是克劳莱老小姐财产继承人的罗登上校，从此她混迹于上流社会。
进入上流社会后，她更是不择手段地攀龙附凤。
最后，在她与斯丹恩勋爵的奸情败露后，她众叛亲离，被赶出英国。
相比而言爱米丽亚的故事就逊色多了，她父亲赛特笠老头破产后，一家生活困窘。
即使她一心痴恋的纨绔子弟乔治因一时年轻气盛不顾父亲奥斯本的反对和她结了婚，却也很快的就厌倦了她。
丈夫乔治死后她萎靡不振，直到和真心爱她的都宾结婚后，才摆脱了贫困。
《远大前程》中四位主要人物的比较研究李忠【摘要】《远大前程》是查理斯·狄更斯创作中期比较成熟而重要的一部作品。
这部作品中的人物关系错综复杂，初学者往往一头雾水。
本文拟通过对四位主要人物进行比较研究，来帮助初学者更好地理解这部作品。
【期刊名称】《信阳农林学院学报》【年(卷),期】2015(025)004【总页数】2页(P90-91)【关键词】皮普;主要人物;比较研究;查理斯·狄更斯【作者】李忠【作者单位】信阳师范学院华锐学院,河南信阳464000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I106.4作为英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一，狄更斯一生著作颇丰。
《远大前程》是狄更斯创作中期一部较为成熟的小说。
在这部作品当中，狄更斯通过对一个小人物童年、青年和中年的成功刻画，为广大读者塑造了一个有血有肉，既拥有着善良、充满同情心，又拥有着诸如浮华和骄傲等负面情绪的主人公。
本文拟通过对《远大前程》这部小说中四位人物的分析，来帮助读者更好地理解这部作品。
在维多利亚时代的英国，清苦的平民阶层仅仅能够维持日常温饱，生活无比枯燥乏味，毫无乐趣可言。
皮普正出生在这样一个普通的清贫家庭。
由于家庭文化涵养较低，在皮普的所有亲戚和朋友之中，大多都是粗鄙之人，只有姐夫乔曾经接受过文化教育。
这使得皮普从小就在充满责骂、嘲讽的环境下成长[1]。
皮普的姐姐对待他的态度尤其恶劣，动辄打骂。
童年的不幸经历在一定程度上影响了皮普的心理，也造就了皮普自卑的性格。
尽管有姐姐的不良影响，皮普却从善良的姐夫那里学会了友善、敬业等优良品质。
正是因为有着自卑与善良的两种性格特征，皮普才在懵懂的情况下帮助了一个名为马格威契的逃犯。
这名逃犯对皮普青年时期的生活产生了巨大的影响。
青年时期的皮普因生活所迫，不得不离开亲人，来到沙堤斯庄园务工。
在这里皮普遇到了对他一生都产生巨大影响的女神——艾斯黛拉。
对爱情的美好憧憬和自身卑微的条件，令皮普痛苦不堪。
一方面，他对表面上几乎趋于完美的艾斯黛拉意乱情迷；另外一方面，又因为自身的不利条件而充满各种不安。
狄更斯《远大前程》中的浪漫主义倾向解读摘要：《远大前程》是英国作家狄更斯的代表作品之一。
在小说中，他运用了浪漫主义的创作方式对现实生活进行了深刻的讽刺和批判。
具有丰富的浪漫主义倾向，非常具有研究价值。
关键词：狄更斯；《远大前程》；浪漫主义一、狄更斯的浪漫主义根源狄更斯出生于生活比较富裕的英国中产阶级家庭，富裕的家庭生活使得幼年狄更斯养成了积极的生活态度，这种在童年时形成的意识形态，是他作品富含浪漫主义倾向的重要原因。
童年时狄更斯的父亲被捕入狱，狄更斯不得不去当童工养活自己，因为吃尽了生活的苦头使得狄更斯对人生百态有了深层的感受和独到的看法，这也推动了他在文学创作中角色塑造能力的形成。
后来，狄更斯继承了一笔遗产，摆脱了贫穷的窘境，重新回到了学校。
这样跌宕起伏的人生经历，使狄更斯的作品都具有强烈的批判精神和浪漫主义的积极特质，对他未来创作产生了深远影响。
二、追忆过去的浪漫主义倾向《远大前程》以第一人称来讲述了主人公皮普的成长的故事，在小说开篇通过皮普回忆儿时往事叙述了其成长的经历和体会。
这种写作手法不仅塑造出了一个富有童真皮普形象，而且也从成年人的角度告诉了读者成年皮普对自己童年生活的感受。
在这种情况下，作品出现了两个皮普，一个经历故事，一个叙述故事，通过浪漫主义写作的手法展现对过去的回忆，对现在的批判。
这种以浪漫主义写作手法对过去经历和感受的回忆、对现实的批判的手法，虽使作品略显阴郁，但却极富浪漫主义特色。
三、回归自然的浪漫主义倾向浪漫主义作家的一个最明显的特征就是，他们厌恶工业社会和物质文明，他们经常会对现实社会中的腐败和堕落进行批判，而对自然界中的迤逦风光、山光水色等充满了向往。
对于大多数浪漫主义流派的作家而言，他们的灵魂就寄托在这水色山光之中。
在《远大前程》中，狄更斯让经历人生波折的主人公重新返回到纯朴的自然中，表达了作者对“回归自然”的理解。
而且，狄更斯对自然生活的向往，还集中体现在他对城市生活和乡村生活的对比描写。
狄更斯的《远大前程》和萨克雷的《名利场》的人物比较研究A Comparative Study of Figures in Dickens’ Great Expectations and Thackeray’s Vanity FairAbstractGreat Expectations and Vanity Fair are the two masterpiece works in 19th century in Britain. They are the work of Dickens and Thackeray respectively. There are a large scale similarities and differences between the two works. Both of them have a detailed concerned about society and civilians by the comprehensive analysis on the fate of characterism the novel. As to the figures chosen, the figure of Great Expectations is an innocent child who are easily to be affected by the outside environment of society; the figures of Vanity Fair are come from the upper ten and the author showed his negative attitude to them. This paper tries to have a comparative study of figures from the perspective of critical realism. In addition, the paper tries to figure out the various causes of the fate of different characters. The limitations in the aspect of of social, cultural and political are the fundamental causes for the different life of figures.Key words: Great Expectations; Vanity Fair; figures; critical realism; causes摘要《远大前程》和《名利场》作为19世纪英国的两部旷世之作，是分别由狄更斯和萨克雷两位大师级的作家完成的。
狄更斯作品《远大前程》的语言赏析《远大前程》是狄更斯的一部经典作品，以其独特的语言风格和丰富的修辞手法，为读者呈现了一个充满幽默、现实主义和悲剧色彩的世界。
以下是对这部作品的语言赏析：首先，狄更斯在《远大前程》中展现了他精巧的比喻方法。
这些比喻不仅使得故事更加生动有趣，同时也深化了人物形象的塑造。
例如，狄更斯用“像焦油一样黑，像石灰一样白”来形容主人公匹普的外貌特征，使得读者能够更加直观地理解人物形象。
此外，在描述人物情感时，狄更斯运用了“像火一样热烈，像冰一样寒冷”这样的比喻，使读者更加深入地理解人物的内心世界。
其次，狄更斯在《远大前程》中运用了灵巧的夸张方式。
他通过夸张的手法，突出了人物的特征和情感，使得人物形象更加鲜明。
例如，在描述匹普的姐姐时，狄更斯将她的鼻子描述得“如此之长，以至于没有人敢站在她面前，否则自己的影子会被她用鼻子绕上三圈”。
这样的夸张手法不仅令人印象深刻，同时也使得人物形象更加生动有趣。
此外，狄更斯在《远大前程》中运用了简练的对偶语句和重复语句。
这些语句不仅使得故事更加流畅，同时也为读者带来了美的享受。
例如，在描述匹普的心情时，狄更斯使用了“心如止水，但时而泛起涟漪”这样的对偶语句，使得读者能够更加深入地理解人物的内心世界。
同时，在描述人物对话时，狄更斯运用了重复语句，使得对话更加有力、有力地刻画了人物的性格特点。
最后，值得一提的是，《远大前程》中丰富的语言修辞手法使得故事更加完美地诠释出精彩的人物形象和幽默的现实场景。
同时，作品中地方语言的特色以及独具匠心的无谓语动词的使用也增加了语言的魅力。
比如匹普与艾丝黛拉在夜晚意外重逢的场景中，狄更斯运用了反常的自然现象（夜晚的雾气消散）来象征人物的内心变化和故事的转折点。
这种语言技巧使得作品在幽默与悲剧的色彩之间取得了完美的平衡。
综上所述，《远大前程》作为狄更斯的经典之作，其语言风格和修辞手法展现出了独特的魅力。
通过精巧的比喻、灵巧的夸张、简练的对偶语句和重复语句以及丰富的语言修辞手法，狄更斯成功地塑造出了一系列鲜活的人物形象和幽默的现实场景。
《远大前程》中皮普的性格浅析《远大前程》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯的一部经典小说，讲述了一个贫穷少年从事劳动阶级工作，艰难地实现自己的远大梦想的故事。
其中一个重要人物是皮普（Pip），他的性格经历了不断的成长和转变。
皮普是一个孤儿，从小生活在谢德厦尔夫人（Mrs. Joe）和她的哥哥乔·格吕格尔斯（Joe Gargery）那里。
在他们的夫妻关系中，乔是唯一对皮普关心和关爱的人。
与乔形成鲜明对比的是，谢德厦尔夫人对待皮普十分苛刻和残酷。
皮普的性格一开始比较屈从和忍让。
在谢德厦尔夫人的家中，皮普总是要承受谢德厦尔夫人毒舌的责骂和殴打。
他在家中缺乏关爱，而在乔的陪伴下是充满温暖和快乐的。
这种环境下，皮普变得胆小、消极，对自己的境遇非常愤懑。
皮普的性格在遇见了两个人物后发生了巨大的变化。
首先是遇见了哈维什姆小姐（Miss Havisham），一个生活在凄冷废弃的古堡里的女人。
在哈维什姆小姐那里，皮普受到了不同于谢德厦尔夫人的关爱，他经历了一个逐渐觉醒的过程，在他的内心中产生了对未来的美好憧憬和热望。
第二个人物是马奎斯（Magwitch），一个逃亡囚犯。
马奎斯是皮普遥远的亲戚，并且与他建立起相互帮助和理解的关系。
皮普不断帮助马奎斯，而马奎斯也用他积攒的财富帮助皮普实现了他的梦想。
通过这段经历，皮普逐渐认识到，人的价值不仅仅在于社会地位和财富，更重要的是人的内在品质和对他人的关心与帮助。
随着故事的发展，皮普的性格逐渐成熟并变得积极向上。
他意识到自己追求财富和地位的行为是虚假和浮躁的，最终明白了人真正需要的是内心的满足和对他人的关怀。
他通过各种经历，包括经济的失败和痛苦的失望，逐渐培养了对生活的深刻理解和关爱。
最终，他放弃了自己虚荣的欲望，选择了真爱，体现出他善良、坚强和高尚的性格。
皮普是一个经历了磨难而成长的角色。
他从一个胆小、屈从的少年逐渐成为一个善良、坚强的人，通过各种经历，他学会了关心他人、珍惜友情和追求内心的美好。
从伊丽莎白和达西的爱情管窥英国人的婚恋观浅析永别了武器的艺术风格论傲慢与偏见中的金钱与婚姻通过《莎菲女士的日记》和《三个金币》比较弗吉尼亚.沃夫与丁玲的女权主义思想呼啸山庄中的爱与仇浅谈《最后一个莫西干人》的风景和种族文化冲突论《觉醒》中的象征主义呼啸山庄中的环境分析论《觉醒》中的象征主义简爱的双重性----简爱眼中的女权主义与平等主义《双城记》中狄更斯的人道主义思想海明威作品中的女性形象乱世佳人中两位女性之对比苔丝悲剧及其成因对大卫•科波菲尔的性格分析论《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭从《傲慢与偏见》看女性意识儿子和情人中人际关系探讨析《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭黑暗的召唤－－分析《麦克白》中女巫及其预言论《飘》的社会价值及斯嘉丽人物性格论《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的资本主义倾向《玫瑰园中的阴影》中的象征《奥兰多》中弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的爱情观从《永别了，武器》中看海明威对女性的态度《简爱》中的经济因素的体现论《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的艺术特色窦娥冤与哈姆莱特比较研究人类中心主义的弊端与丑陋--解读《野性的呼唤》《儿子和情人》中莫尔先生的悲剧从《觉醒》透视女主角心理成长历程论《第二十二条军规》结构的荒诞性论“冰山原则”下《白象似的群山》的艺术技巧傲慢与偏见中伊丽莎白性格分析论远大前程中的批判现实主义论《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中蔑视合作原则产生的幽默论格列夫游记中斯威夫特的讽刺艺术从双面人物形象看霍桑宗教思想的矛盾性【红字作品分析】小妇人中主要人物形象分析论《无名的裘德》中的维多利亚新女性形象杰克•伦敦《野性的呼唤》中的自然主义倾向斯佳丽和吕贝卡之比较论觉醒中的象征主义论《呼啸山庄》的哥特式风格论《卡斯特桥市长》中亨查德的悲剧简爱----19世纪英国父权社会的反抗者论《傲慢与偏见》对灰姑娘故事的超越论《飘》中战争和斯嘉丽性格发展的关系从女性成长主题看爱玛的社会心理发展论《蝇王》中的存在主义思想论白鲸中的象征主义《老人与海》中的过去情结从《傲慢与偏见》中看简•奥斯丁的女性意识和婚姻观从《还乡》中的人物形象看哈代的悲剧意识论白鲸中的象征意义关于爱伦坡小说中死亡的心理分析嘉莉妹妹----德莱赛自然主义的完美体现在南方文明萧条中福克纳笔下女性人物的沉默与呐喊论<<阿拉比>>的艺术构建从道德哲学角度看《死亡诗社》主题威廉·华兹华斯诗歌中的自然观《劝导》中的女性意识及其地位斯嘉丽与吕蓓卡之比较研究浅析《红字》中的象征论奥斯卡•王尔德的童话“背叛”超人的无助与胆怯（关于杰克伦敦风格的）试析汤婷婷“女勇士”小说中华裔文化身份狄更斯的《远大前程》与萨克雷的《名利场》之对比研究狄更斯的苦难经历和他的两部作品《雾都孤儿》和《大为科波菲尔》论呼啸山庄中卡瑟琳的婚姻论远大前程中皮普性格发展与当时社会环境的关系《傲慢与偏见》中的四种婚姻从超验主义视角解读小妇人傲慢与偏见中奥斯汀的婚姻观从简爱的形象看夏洛蒂勃朗特的女性意识论《老人与海》中的硬汉形象《名利场》中Rebecca Sharp 与AmeliaSedley人物形象对比分析简爱续集小说对简爱的颠覆【不同时期的女性主义小说】《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的形象解读论《永别了，武器》中的存在主义思想从《儿子与情人》看劳伦斯的爱情观从《米德尔马契》看男权社会里的女性命运英语专业学生在英语文学课中的学习动机研究狄金森诗歌集中“上帝”意象及其内涵论战争和斯佳丽性格之间的联系解读《麦田里的守望者》论《太阳照常升起》中的存在主义思想《远大前程》中匹普的性格发展与社会环境的关系对立与和谐——评海明威生态观透过蝴蝶梦中的吕贝卡解读性格与命运生态女性主义视域下的《嘉莉妹妹》双城记中体现的人道主义思想An analysis of the Tragedy of Judein Jude the Obscure《荆棘鸟》中三位女主人翁的爱情观析乞力马扎罗山的雪的意识流野性的呼唤中的自然主义欧亨利短篇小说的主题分析萨勒姆的女巫的创作手法人类中心主义的弊端与丑陋--解读《野性的呼唤》呼啸山庄中Heathcliff2 性格分析《大卫·科波菲尔》中狄更斯自我形象的体现从《小伙子古德曼•布朗》2中看霍桑的写作特点《嘉莉妹妹》–德莱塞自然主义的完美体现《永别了，武器》2中看海明威对女性的态度《嘉莉妹妹》—西奥多•德莱塞自然主义的体现《看不见的人》2写作特点分析论《傲慢与偏见》对灰姑娘故事的超越论《老人与海》中的硬汉形象浅析简爱的双重性格浅析《看不见的人》中黑人自我意识的觉醒浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻价值取向论第二十二条军规结构的荒诞性论白鲸中的象征意义论傲慢与偏见中的金钱与婚姻论阿希礼和白瑞德的婚姻观差异及其成因论《永别了，武器》中的存在主义思想论《飘》中斯嘉丽的性格论《乱世佳人》对21世纪女性的启示论《傲慢与偏见》中女性的社会地位论觉醒中的象征主义论觉醒环境的象征意义论呼啸山庄中卡瑟琳的婚姻论格列夫游记中斯威夫特的讽刺艺术杰克_伦敦的《野性的呼唤》中的自然主义倾向红字中的象征主义红字中的女性主义红字中的女性意识}从《儿子与情人》看劳伦斯的爱情观比较鲁宾孙和《荒岛余生》中的查克.诺兰德傲慢与偏见中婚姻观解析傲慢与偏见中宾利先生形象分析艾米丽诗歌中“上帝”意向的启示迪金森诗歌中的死亡情结傲慢与偏见中伊丽莎白性格分析傲慢与偏见中的婚姻分析苔丝中景物描写的功能苔丝和祥林嫂的命运比较研究《天路历程》中主要反面人物分析以自然主义视角看《追风筝的孩子》及其对当代人的启示浅析《瓦尔登湖》中梭罗2的自然观论《蝇王》中2人性的泯灭和救赎的无力哈克贝里分历险记的主题分析论天路历程中主要反面人物特性分析从《傲慢与偏见》中看简•奥斯丁的女性意识和婚姻透过蝴蝶梦中的吕贝卡解读性格与命运浅析麦田守望者的叙事技巧迪金森诗歌折射的死亡情结。
《远大前程》读后感《远大前程》读后感1狄更斯笔下的人物神态各异，憎恶分明，生动感人，呼之欲出。
在《远大前程》中，人物性格特色的具体表现有：1.人物本质的确定化。
如小说中勾画的郝薇香小姐就应当属于坏女人的典型。
她从小娇生惯养，在结婚当天被新郎欺骗以后，就再也没有迈出家门，从此“向天下的男人复仇”似乎成了她生命的全部，自我也变成了一个十足的老怪物;2.人物的明晰性。
在狄更斯的小说中，每一个人物都代表了某一类人，反映了某一类人的共性。
如贾格斯的形象就充分反映了当时伦敦社会的律师形象;3.深厚的人性内涵。
狄更斯十分善于挖掘人物身上隐含的人性因素，并经过它们来反映人性中某些普遍性的倾向和规律的东西。
乔大嫂在遭受歹徒袭击、瘫痪在床以后性情变得温和，临死前还依恋地拉着乔并请求他的原谅;对于郝薇香小姐的刻画更是入木三分：“她刚才一向没有正视我，此刻才第一次转过面孔来望着我;使我大为吃惊的是她这时跪在了我面前，对着我举起合着的双手，这简直使我惊骇万分。
…眼看这一位生满白发、面孔枯瘦的老人竟然跪在我的脚下，这使我全身颤抖起来。
我请求她站起来，伸开双臂去扶她;可是她只是抓住我的一只她能够抓得着的手，并且把她的头倚在我的手腕上，悲伤地哭了起来。
从前我从来没有见她流过一滴眼泪;此刻我无言地俯身看着她，心中暗想，让她痛哭，哭去她深藏在心中的痛苦，也许对她倒有益处。
她此刻已不跪在地上，而是跌坐在地上。
“哦!”她绝望地叫道，“我竟做出这种事来了!我怎样做出这种事来了!”这样的描述对于人性的揭示给读者带来的震撼是巨大的。
《远大前程》读后感2狄更斯笔下的人物神态各异，憎恶分明，生动感人，呼之欲出。
在《远大前程》中，人物性格特色的具体表现有：1。
人物本质的确定化。
如小说中勾画的郝薇香小姐就应当属于坏女人的典型。
她从小娇生惯养，在结婚当天被新郎欺骗以后，就再也没有迈出家门，从此“向天下的男人复仇”似乎成了她生命的全部，自我也变成了一个十足的老怪物；2。
A Comparative Study of Figures in Dickens’ Great Expectations and Thackeray’s Vanity FairAbstractGreat Expectations and Vanity Fair are the two masterpiece works in 19th century in Britain. They are the work of Dickens and Thackeray respectively. There are a large scale similarities and differences between the two works. Both of them have a detailed concerned about society and civilians by the comprehensive analysis on the fate of characterism the novel. As to the figures chosen, the figure of Great Expectations is an innocent child who are easily to be affected by the outside environment of society; the figures of Vanity Fair are come from the upper ten and the author showed his negative attitude to them. This paper tries to have a comparative study of figures from the perspective of critical realism. In addition, the paper tries to figure out the various causes of the fate of different characters. The limitations in the aspect of of social, cultural and political are the fundamental causes for the different life of figures.Key words: Great Expectations; Vanity Fair; figures; critical realism; causes摘要《远大前程》和《名利场》作为19世纪英国的两部旷世之作，是分别由狄更斯和萨克雷两位大师级的作家完成的。
两部作品存在着大量的相似点和差异。
两部作品都不约而同的通过对主人公命运的展示表现了对平民和社会深沉的关注。
至于角色选定，《远大前程》用容易受到社会环境影响的天真儿童作为作品的主人公；《名利场》所选择的的任务大部分来自于上流社会，萨克雷对这类群体采取十分消极的态度。
本文将尝试从评判现实主义的角度对两部作品中的不同人物进行对比分析。
同时本文将探析造成文中角色不同命运的多种原因。
并得出在社会，经济和文化方面的限制才是造成不同任务的不同命运的根本原因。
关键词：《远大前程》；《名利场》；人物；评判现实主义；原因ContentIntroduction (4)Brief Introduction to the Author (4)Brief Introduction to the Work (5)Significance of the Thesis (6)Organization of the Thesis (6)1.The Critical Realism (6)1.1 Critical realism in economics (6)1.2.Critical realism and Marxism (7)1.3. Contemporary critical realism (7)2. The Tragic Lives of Main Characters (9)2.1 Estella Havisham: Imprisonment of Marriage, Slave of Money (9)2.2 Sharp: Break of Dream (10)3. The Causes of the Formation for Difference Figures (11)3.1 Self-destruction Caused by the Deficiency in Personality (11)3.1.1 Estella Havisham’s Selfness and Superficiality (11)3.1.2 Sharp’s Vanity and Ignorance (12)3.2 The Victim of Patriarchal Society (13)3.2.1 Pirrip’s “Materialization” of Estella Havisham (13)3.2.2 Compeyson’s Imprisonment of Estella Havisham (14)3.2.3 Osborne’s Toying with Sharp (14)3.2.4 Cra wley’s Indifference to Sharp (15)4. Conclusion (15)References (16)IntroductionBrief Introduction to the AuthorCharles Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to be widely popular. Although he had little formal education, his early impoverishment drove him to succeed. Over his career he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, 5 novellas and hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered theserial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. The instalment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback.William Thackeray was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society. On reaching the age of 21, he came into his inheritance but he squandered much of it on gambling and by funding two unsuccessful newspapers, The National Standard and The Constitutional for which he had hoped to write. He also lost a good part of his fortune in the collapse of two Indian banks. Forced to consider a profession to support himself, he turned first to art, which he studied in Paris, but did not pursue it except in later years as the illustrator of some of his own novels and other writings. He achieved more recognition with his Snob Papers, but the work that really established his fame was the novel Vanity Fair, which first appeared in serialised installments beginning in January 1847. Even before Vanity Fair completed its serial run, Thackeray had become a celebrity, sought after by the very lords and ladies whom he satirised; they hailed him as the equal of Dickens. In 1860 Thackeray became editor of the newly established Cornhill Magazine, but was never comfortable as an editor, preferring tocontribute to the magazine as a columnist, producing his Roundabout Papers for it.Brief Introduction to the WorkVanity Fair: The book's title comes fromJohn Bunyan's allegoricalstory The Pilgrim's Progress. "Vanity Fair" refers to a stop along the pilgrim's progress: a never-ending fair held in a town called Vanity, which is meant to represent man's sinful attachment to worldly things. The story opens with Miss Pinkerton's Academy for Young Ladies, where Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley have just completed their studies and are preparing to depart for Amelia's house in Russell Square. Becky is portrayed as a strong-willed and cunning young woman determined to make her way in society, and Amelia Sedley as a good-natured, lovable though simple-minded young girl. Had he outlived his brother by even a day he would have become Sir Rawdon Crawley and Becky would have become Lady Crawley, a title she uses anyway in later life. There is also a final appearance for Becky, as cocky as ever, selling trinkets at a fair in aid of various charitable causes. She is now living well again as her son, the new baronet, has agreed to financially support her however he declines any further relationship or communication.Great Expectations is a bildungsroman, or a coming-of-age novel, and the story genre is Victorian Literature. It is set among the marshes of Kent and in London in the early to mid-1800s. From the outset, the reader is "treated" by the terrifying encounter between Pip, the protagonist, and the escaped convict, Abel Magwitch. Great Expectations is a graphic book, full of extreme imagery, poverty, prison ships, "the hulks," barriers and chains, and fights to the death. It therefore combines intrigue and unexpected twists of autobiographical detail in different tones. Regardless of its narrative technique, the novel reflects the events of the time, Dickens' concerns, and the relationship between society and man. Great Expectations has a colorful cast that has remained in popular culture: the capricious Miss Havisham, the cold and beautiful Estella, Joe the kind and generous blacksmith, the dry and sycophantic Uncle Pumblechook, Mr Jaggers, Wemmick and his dual personality, and the eloquent and wise friend, Herbert Pocket.Significance of the ThesisBecause of the limitation of cultural and social factors, there are some difficulties in having a comprehensive understanding of Great Expectations and Vanity Fair. The fate of characters is the core point of novel. Critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events. The research from the perspective of critical realism can reveal the true essence of human beings as to manifest human beings’ consciousness and fantasy and explore the truth of human’s inner world. By means of analyzing the figures in Great Expectations and Vanity Fair, and the clear understanding about similarities and differences can be build.The figures in Dickens’ Great Expectations and Thackeray’s Vanity Fair reminds us that under the prosperity of material life, we still need to be aware of the moral degradation. This paper will give readers, who fancy Dickens and Thackeray, developing understanding of the warning significance of these two fictions in modern society.Organization of the ThesisSo far, it has presented the brief introduction about Dickens and Thackeray, and Great Expectations and Vanity Fair. The second section will discuss about critical realism. The third part is the similarities and differences of figures in Great Expectations and Vanity Fair. Finally, it will introduce the causes of the formation of different fates in this play.The Critical Realism1.1 Critical realism in economicsAccording to critical realist economists, the central aim of economic theory is to provide explanations in terms of hidden generative structures. This position combines transcendental realism with a critique of mainstream economics. It argues that mainstream economics (i) relies excessively on deductivist methodology, (ii) embraces an uncritical enthusiasm for formalism, and (iii) believes in strong conditional predictions in economics despite repeatedfailures. The world that mainstream economists study is the empirical world. But this world is "out of phase" (Lawson) with the underlying ontology of economic regularities. The mainstream view is thus a limited reality because empirical realists presume that the objects of inquiry are solely "empirical regularities"—that is, objects and events at the level of the experienced.The critical realist views the domain of real causal mechanisms as the appropriate object of economic science, whereas the positivist view is that the reality is exhausted in empirical, i.e. experienced reality. Tony Lawson argues that economics ought to embrace a "social ontology" to include the underlying causes of economic phenomena.1.2.Critical realism and MarxismA development of Bhaskar's critical realism lies at the ontological root of contemporary streams of Marxist political and economic theory. The realist philosophy described by Bhaskar in A Realist Theory of Science is compatible with Marx's work in that it differentiates between an intransitive reality, which exists independently of human knowledge of it, and the socially produced world of science and empirical knowledge. This dualist logic is clearly present in the Marxian theory of ideology, according to which social reality may be very different from its empirically observable surface appearance. Notably, Alex Callinicos has argued for a 'critical realist' ontology in the philosophy of social science and explicitly acknowledges Bhaskar's influence (while also rejecting the latter's 'spiritualist turn' in his later work). The relationship between critical realist philosophy and Marxism has also been discussed in an article co-authored by Bhaskar and Callinicos and published in the Journal of Critical Realism1.3. Contemporary critical realismCritical realism is presently most commonly associated with the work of Roy Bhaskar. Bhaskar developed a general philosophy of science that he described as transcendental realism, and a special philosophy of the human sciences that he called critical naturalism. The two terms were combined by other authors to form the umbrella term critical realism.Transcendental realism attempts to establish that in order for scientific investigation to take place, the object of that investigation must have real, manipulable, internal mechanisms that can be actualised to produce particular outcomes. This is what we do when we conduct experiments. This stands in contrast to empiricist scientists' claim that all scientists can do is observe the relationship between cause and effect and impose meaning. Whilst empiricism, and positivism more generally, locate causal relationships at the level of events, Critical Realism locates them at the level of the generative mechanism, arguing that causal relationships are irreducible to empirical constant conjunctions of David Hume's doctrine; in other words, a constant conjunctive relationship between events is neither sufficient nor even necessary to establish a causal relationship.The implication of this is that science should be understood as an ongoing process in which scientists improve the concepts they use to understand the mechanisms that they study. It should not, in contrast to the claim of empiricists, be about the identification of a coincidence between a postulated independent variable and dependent variable. Positivism/falsification are also rejected due to the observation that it is highly plausible that a mechanism will exist, which results in its having unpredictable effects. Thus, non-realisation of a posited mechanism cannot be taken to signify its non-existence.Critical naturalism argues that the transcendental realist model of science is equally applicable to both the physical and the human worlds. However, when we study the human world we are studying something fundamentally different from the physical world and must therefore adapt our strategy to studying it. Critical naturalism therefore prescribes social scientific method which seeks to identify the mechanisms producing social events, but with a recognition that these are in a much greater state of flux than those of the physical world. In particular, we must understand that human agency is made possible by social structures that themselves require the reproduction of certain actions/pre-conditions. Further, the individuals that inhabit these social structures are capable of consciously reflecting upon, and changing, the actions that produce them—a practice that is in part facilitated by social scientific research.2. The Tragic Lives of Main CharactersThe success of G reat Expectations and Thackeray’s Vanity Fair have a close relationship with its female images. The female images are the best reflection for the special social and cultural background. However, the main images did not lead a very happy life, all of them have a very tragic life. Although they have the similar fate, great differences can be found in their respective tragedies.2.1 Estella Havisham: Imprisonment of Marriage, Slave of MoneyEstella Havisham is an angel, as well as evil. There is no doubt that Estella Havisham is the most important female role in G reat Expectations. She is the motivation why Pirrip can be so successful and be murdered at last. Pirrip was falling in love with Estella Havisham at the first sight. In her teenage, Estella Havisham was so beautiful and innocent, that’s why she can always be the focus of others. In story, author always ties Estella Havisham and all the things related to her with beautiful flowers, which emphasizing her breathtaking beauty. However, she got nothing at last. Her tragic marriage and the misunderstanding about money resulted in her tragedy.Marriage directly changed her life. She once had a beautiful thinking about her future. She did not take the physical matters into consideration, all she wanted is to be with her family. But because of the special historical condition, She did not spend too much time in Pirrip and married Compeyson. It was not right wrong to put her fate in the unknown future. But she did not know clearly about her husband, either. The happiness life did not embrace her. Instead, her husband still lived in his own lifestyle and did not pay too much attention to take care of Estella Havisham. She was still alone and did not find a man to rely on. In Compeyson’s opinion, marriage means nothing to him, Estella Havisham is no more important than his outside lover. Compeyson could not step into the house more than one month, Estella Havisham can not attract the attention from him. There are a lot of sufferings in her marriage. She was trapped in marriage. Because of the existence of marriage, Estella Havisham could not maintain the relationship with Pirrip when he appeared in front of her.As to money concept, she was contaminated by money. ”Then wear the gold hat, ifthat ill move her; if you can bounce high, bounce for her too, till she cry ‘lover, gold-hatted, high bouncing lover, I must have you’”. We can not deny that there was a love relationship between Estella Havisham and Pirrip, the reasons for why they did not be the couples is that Pirrip is so poor that he could not afford the dreamed life of Estella Havisham. Therefore, she chose the cosy life when Pirrip went away. Comparing with money, the friendship and love ship mean nothing. Estella Havisham is not the image in Pirrip’s mind, the changes have been taken place both in her face and her heart. It is very ridiculous to talk about invisible things with her, money is the only standard to weigh what is right and what is wrong. She could not get the happiness from Compeyson and marriage. Gradually, she realized that money can make possibilities for her to enjoy the “invisible comfortable”. That is the main reason for her tragic life. The abnormal relationship with Pirrip and the resentment to Compeyson and his lover are dominated by her money concept.2.2 Sharp: Break of DreamSharp is coming from the bottom of society who can not win too much attention from the public. She had a lot of similarities with Pirrip, she had a strong desire for her future life. There was a dream in her mind. The dream was broken when encounter with the tough reality, Sharp was confused and did not know what to do to make her dream come true. Being troubled by reality and dream, Sharp could not keep balance between two of them. That is the main reason for her tragedy. The inequality in social status indicates that there are thing will be done by Sharp if she wants to enter the upper ten. When Sharp firstly met Osborne, “she was falling in love with Osborne immediately”. It not only has the dispensable relationship with individual feelings, but also the has the relationship with the social background of Osborne. Sharp wanted to be the lover of Osborne without any hesitation. She considered Osborne as a very effective bond to tie herself with the upper ten. Because Osborne has advantages in wealth and social status can lay a solid foundation for the fulfillment of her dream.After Sharp became the lover of Osborne, she spared no efforts to imitate the life style of the upper ten. She dressed on the glorious clothes, took the new carriage and even bought adog as her pet and etc. This kind of behaviors made her invisible dream much specified than ever before. Love is not the primary thing for Sharp to take into consideration, the fulfillment of her vanity has been placed in the first position. Therefore, she tried her best to show what she already had to his friends in her party. Sharp enjoyed envious opinion from others, she was proud of being the lover of Osborne. In our common sense, lover is not a good identity which is not easy to be accepted by others. On the contrary, Sharp attached great importance to it, because it is her only connection with the upper ten. Osborne is the physical foundation for her to make her dream come true. It might be impossible for her to fulfill her dream without the help of Osborne. This can be the explanation for why she was mad when Osborne tried to depart her. She realized the important position of Osborne in her dream. As a consequence, she still wanted to get on the carriage when Osborne was leaving. Osborne’s leave means the breaking of her dream.3. The Causes of the Formation for Difference FiguresThe reasons for the female tragedies are very complicated. There are a large scale of causes for tragedies of three female images. “The internal and external factors can lay a solid foundation for the tragedies”.3.1 Self-destruction Caused by the Deficiency in PersonalityBecause of the differences in education level, social background and social identity, there are obvious differences in the deficiencies in personality. The deficiencies in personality are the internal causes of the female tragedies.3.1.1 Estella Havisham’s Selfness and SuperficialityThe selfness of Estella Havisham is should be responsible for the death of Pirrip. We can not put all the responsibilities on Estella Havisham, the defects of Compeyson should be taken into consideration. As we all know, “Estella Havisham had a hostile attitude towards to his husband”. So she attempted to take advantage of Pirrip. She was so selfish that taking revenge on Compeyson and his lover is the most important thing. This kind of revenge directly resulted in the loneliness of Estella Havisham and the death of Pirrip. This is the essence ofEstella Havisham’s tragic life, there is no one for her to rely on. She did not realize the faults of herself. It is innocent for the death of Pirrip, who did not do anything wrong. He was just falling in love with Estella Havisham, but Estella Havisham took advantage of this love to kill Pirrip, as well the hope for life. The death of Compeyson and Pirrip means that Estella Havisham had already lost everything she could have. She lost the capital to stay in the upper ten, as well as the eternal love for her. In addition, Estella Havisham’s superficiality can be expressed in her attitude to money. The primary reason why Estella Havisham wanted to build the relationship with Pirrip is that the wealth Pirrip owned beyond her imagination at the same degree. The fulfillment of physical is much more important than that of mental. She did not has the desire to pursuit mental ful fillment,which is the fundamental strength to support one’s life. She chose the cosy and comfortable life. In addition, she did nothing when she already knew something about her husband’s lover. It is all right to be betrayed by her husband and to keep the equivocal relationship with Pirrip. She lives without soul and desire, she is just doing “the routine work” in her daily. There is no passion and desire for her to survive, death maybe the best selection for her.3.1.2 Sharp’s Vanity and IgnoranceIn reality, Sharp was living at the bottom of society. She once had a happiness family, which is the highest standard for an ordinary female. However, Sharp did not satisfy what she had. In her opinion, entering into upper ten and lead a cosy life are the most charming parts in her life. Sharp chose to became the lover of Osborne. She only wanted to be a member of the upper ten. From the beginning, it meant to be a tragedy. In the process of vanity pursuit, she sacrificed too much things. Even there are some improvements in her physical life, but no one envied her. The public knew clearly about why Sharp could be a part of them, the disrespect from others can be easily found in the story. Everyone knew clearly that she is just a “pet” of Osborne. she is not qual ified to be a member of the upper ten. What’s worse, she abandoned her husband and her family. This is unaccepted in he patriarchal society. Sharp was totally relying on Osborne, she means nothing to others without the “dirty relationship” with Osborne.Being a member of the upper ten, she knew nothing about the rules in the upper ten. Firstly, she was so urge to show the “glorious life” in upper ten, she did not take other’s feelings into consideration. What she appreciated is very common to others, people did not envy at her at all. In the meantime, she was so lonely that no one wanted to be friends with her. What’s worse, her ignorance made her believe that she had truly become a member of the upper ten. In the opinion, there was no big difference between her and others. But from the perspective of others, she could never be a member of them. Therefore, people tried to stay away with her, it is shameful to make friends with Sharp. People has been put him at the corner of society and was no tending to take care of Sharp.3.2 The Victim of Patriarchal SocietyPatriarchal society is the external cause for their tragedies. We can not deny that males are still the dominating of that society. They considered female as their subordination and did not show too much respect towards female. Males pushed female into a disadvantageous position. The demands of female would never be met, the feelings of them have been ignored by the society. No one gives a hand to relieve female’s sufferings and change female’s to ugh situations.3.2.1 Pirrip’s “Materialization” of Estella HavishamThe materialization of Estella Havisham is the biggest misunderstanding about Estella Havisham. In Pirrip’s opinion, the cause why Estella Havisham would marry Compeyson is that Compeyson had larger wealth and better social status. Therefore, he tried his best to earn more money and he made it. In Pirrip’s traditional concept, the materialization of Estella Havisham is very obvious. “The more money he can earn, the much easier for him to get her”. Pirrip never pay attention to the inner world of Estella Havisham. The lonely, selfish and hatred in Estella Havisham were ignored by Pirrip. There are a lot of changes have been taken place in her, the fulfillments on her physical world can not guarantee the coming back of Estella Havisham. As a consequence, Estella Havisham was tied with money and cosy life, but her feelings were never be paid great attention. The happy memories from Pirrip deepenher resentment attitude to Compeyson and his lover. She took a full advantage of Pirrip to take a revenge on Compeyson and his lover. Because of the death of Pirrip, Compeyson and his lover, the materialization concept has driven Estella Havisham to a isolation position.3.2.2 Compeyson’s Imprisonment of Estella HavishamThe fact is that Estella Havisham and Compeyson are couple, they should be responsible for each other. As Estella Havisham’s husband, it is Compeyson’s duty to give a happiness and comfortable life for Estella Havisham. But he did not make it, he still lived in his own life style. What’s worse, he had Sharp as his lover. In a family, Estella Havisham can not get love and protection. In the patriarchal society, male is the dominator in family, they had rights to do what they like and their wives had no right to involve in it. The imprisonment of Estella Havisham became the limitation for her later life. Because of the relationship with Compeyson, it is unacceptable for her to build another relationship with a female. What’s more, Estella Havisham could not divorce with Compeyson. It is the betraying to their husband in patriarchal society. As a consequence, even Estella Havisham as very lonely, she had no choice but to bear it. There was no more happiness family life for her, let alone the equality position with the male. The accumulation of negative feelings in Estella Havisham laid a foundation for the death of Compeyson and the tragic life of herself.3.2.3 Osborne’s Toying with SharpOsborne did not show too much attention to her wife, let alone his lover. In the patriarchal society, female is the subordination of male. From the first beginning, Osborne knew clearly about the primary purpose of Sharp. He knew Sharp wanted to get something from her, but he did not care about it. Sharp was considered as an excellent subject to meet his special needs. Osborne’s philander with Sharp hinted that she would lose everything in the end. Because of being the lover of Osborne, her family was disappeared, so did the love of his husband. At one time, she might get something in the upper ten, but they are not eternal. This is just the fulfillment of her unreal dream. There is nothing left when Osborne died, because Osborne was the only man she could “rely on” in upper ten. What’s worse, there was nopossibilities for Sharp to come back. “She was abandoned by the whole society, there was no place for her to survive”.3.2.4 Crawley’s Indifference to SharpAt the first beginning, Crawley was very fond of Sharp and was falling in love with her. Even there are some defects in Sharp’s personality, but she was still the member of the upper ten. But there was a big difference when Crawley found the essence of Sharp, he left away immediately. Crawley’s indifference to Sharp directly resulted the tragic life of Sharp. In the patriarchal society, it was not necessary for a male to stay with the only male. There were a lot of choices they can make. It would make their life much harder than ever before. It was impossible for them to win attention from others and get the respective attitude from the public. Compeyson and Pirrip always in the dominating position in the relationship with Estella Havisham and Sharp. Estella Havisham and Sharp were not truly accepted by society.4. ConclusionGreat Expectations and Vanity Fair are the highlight in the literature history. It is no doubt that there are a large scale of similarities and difficulties between the two works. It is very necessary to have a comprehensive understanding about the figures. After a thorough analysis about it, we can easily know that the famale figures in the two novels have a tragic life. Their trafic fate come from the internal and external causes. They are not only the victim of patriarchal society, but also the victims of their own weaknesses in personality. The clear understanding about the figure can lay a solid foundation to know better about Great Expectations and Vanity Fair, and Western culture.。
