摘要红外成像技术具有隐蔽性好、抗干扰性能强等优势，已经普遍应用在了军事和民用领域中。
在实际应用中，由于目标距离红外成像系统较远，使得红外目标成像面积小、缺乏形状和纹理特征，导致目标的检测和跟踪非常困难，因而实现对红外小目标准确有效的检测与跟踪是一个重要且艰难的任务。
本文针对红外小目标的独特成像特性，提出通过Tophat算子和改进的Robinson guard滤波器进行融合对红外图像进行预处理，再使用最小错误法阈值分割提取候选红外小目标区域。
在提取候选红外小目标区域的基础上，本文提出了两种不同思路的检测红外小目标的方案，一种是基于传统的滤波思路的多滤波融合红外小目标检测算法，利用红外小目标的成像独特性结合Unger平滑滤波将真实红外小目标从候选区域中提取出来；一种是基于深度学习卷积神经网络ITNet的红外小目标检测算法，利用ITNet网络将真实红外小目标从候选目标中识别出来，当处理对象是红外视频序列时使用多目标关联滤波进一步剔除伪红外小目标，降低虚警率。
基于管道滤波的思路提出利用小目标检测结果进行多目标数据关联跟踪，建立多目标数据关联矩阵进行多目标状态分析完成多目标跟踪任务。
当小目标消失或者成像变弱未检测到时采用粒子滤波算法预测小目标的相关参数，在预测目标点邻域附近对局部图像区域利用单尺度Retinex算法增强后进行分割判断目标是否存在。
将本文的检测与跟踪算法结合起来在多场景下与多种算法进行性能对比，实验结果表明本文提出的算法能在不同背景图像下达到很高的检测精度，即使当目标淹没于背景时也能将其跟踪并检测到。
关键词：红外小目标；多滤波融合；卷积神经网络；多目标数据关联；检测；跟踪AbstractInfrared imaging technology has many advantages such as well-concealment and strong anti-interference ability,it gets a widely use in the military and civilian applications fields.In practical applications,because of the long imaging distance,the infrared targets are small and lack of shape and texture features,thus making target detection and tracking very difficult.Therefore,achieving accurate detection and tracking of infrared small targets is an important and difficult task.In this thesis,it is proposed by using Tophat operator and improved Robinson guard filter to suppress background of infrared images,and using adaptive threshold segmentation to extract the candidate infrared small target regions.On the basis of extracting the candidate infrared small target regions,this thesis proposes two different approaches to detect infrared small targets,one is multi-filters fusion infrared small target detection algorithm based on traditional filtering ideas,the true infrared small targets are extracted from the candidate region by combining the Unger smoothing filter with the imaging uniqueness of the infrared small targets.The other is ITNet(Infrared Target Network)infrared small target detection algorithm based on the deep learning convolution neural network(CNN),and using ITNet networks to identify true infrared targets from candidate targets.When infrared video sequences are processing,using multi-object association filter to further remove the pseudo-infrared small target,lower the false alarm rate.Based on the idea of pipeline filtering,this thesis proposes a multi-objective data association tracking algorithm with small target detection results, and establishes multi-objective data association matrix for multi-objective state analysis to complete multi-object tracking task.When the small targets disappear or target dimming,the motion parameters of the small targets are predicted based on the particle filter algorithm.The local area of the dim targets is enhanced by the Retinex algorithm to determine whether the dim targets exist.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this thesis achieved high detection accuracy under different background images,even when the target is submerged in the background,it can be used to analyze the performance of the algorithm.Key words：Infrared small targets;Multi-filters fusion;CNN;Multi-objects association filter;Detection;Tracking目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1绪论1.1研究背景及意义 (3)1.2国内外研究现状 (4)1.3论文的结构安排 (7)2红外小目标检测任务2.1目标检测任务 (10)2.2红外小目标检测任务 (12)2.3本章小结 (15)3红外小目标候选区域提取3.1红外图像背景抑制滤波 (16)3.2获取红外小目标检测候选区域 (21)3.3本章小结 (25)4基于多滤波算法融合的红外小目标检测4.1小目标提取 (27)4.2基于多滤波算法融合的红外小目标算法 (32)4.3实验结果与分析 (33)4.4本章小结 (35)5基于卷积神经网络的红外小目标检测5.1卷积神经网络 (36)5.2基于卷积神经网络的红外小目标检测 (38)5.3实验结果与分析 (41)5.4本章小结 (44)6基于粒子滤波预测的红外小目标跟踪6.1粒子滤波状态预测 (46)6.2单尺度视网膜皮层图像增强 (49)6.3多目标数据关联跟踪算法 (50)6.4实验结果与分析 (54)6.5本章小结 (57)7总结与展望7.1全文总结 (58)7.2未来展望 (59)致谢 (61)参考文献 (62)附录：攻读硕士期间发表的论文 (67)1绪论1.1研究背景及意义运动目标检测与跟踪方法的研究和应用是计算机视觉领域的一个重要研究方向，当前已经拥有诸多应用，早期运动目标检测与跟踪技术会被应用到人体识别、导航避障以及监控系统等这些传统领域[1]，现今随着人工智能、大数据的高速发展运动目标检测与跟踪技术也应用到了前沿的自动驾驶、机器人、无人机等新兴领域。
