Chitosan, a new and environmental benign electrode binder

基因决定环境英语作文英文回答：Nature versus Nurture is a long-standing debate in psychology, exploring the relative contributions of genes and the environment in shaping human behavior and development. Traditionally, the nature side of the equation has focused on genetic inheritance, while the nurture side has emphasized the impact of environmental factors such as experiences, upbringing, and social influences. However, modern research suggests that the relationship between genes and the environment is far more complex and intricate than previously thought. The concept of gene-environment interaction posits that genes do not operate in a vacuum but rather interact with the environment to produce a wide range of phenotypic outcomes.One way in which genes can influence the environment is through gene-environment correlation. This occurs when an individual's genotype influences their exposure to orselection of certain environmental stimuli. For example, a child with a genetic predisposition for extroversion may seek out social situations more frequently than a childwith a predisposition for introversion. This, in turn, can lead to different developmental trajectories, with the extroverted child developing stronger social skills and the introverted child developing more solitary interests.Another mechanism through which genes can shape the environment is gene-environment interaction. This refers to situations where the effect of a particular gene on an individual's phenotype depends on the environmental context in which they are raised. For instance, a child with a genetic vulnerability to anxiety disorders may only develop an anxiety disorder if they experience stressful ortraumatic life events. Conversely, a child with the same genetic vulnerability but raised in a supportive and nurturing environment may never develop an anxiety disorder.The environment can also influence the expression of genes. This process is known as epigenetic regulation and involves changes in gene expression without altering theunderlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications can be caused by a variety of environmental factors, such as nutrition, stress, and exposure to toxins. These modifications can have lasting effects on an individual's health and behavior, and even be passed down to future generations.The interplay between genes and the environment is complex and dynamic, and researchers are still working to fully understand its implications. However, it is clearthat both genes and the environment play a significant role in shaping human development.中文回答：在心理学中，自然与环境的争论由来已久，探索了基因和环境对塑造人类行为和发展的作用。

江苏省南通市启东市启东中学2024年高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

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第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．This is the first time that we ________a film in the cinema together as a family .A．see B．had seenC．saw D．have seen2．My neighbour came to ask me why there was so much noise in my house yesterday afternoon. I told her that some children an English song.A．praticed B．would practice C．have practiced D．were practicing3．I decided to do a random act of kindness last year. And ______ that the person I would end up helping most would be myself.A．I little knew B．little did I knew C．little did I know D．little I knew4．After nine years working to protect Siberian tigers, Yang Jun _____ his efforts recognized at the annual award ceremony in Beijing where he was named a "wildlife protector".A．had B．had hadC．has had D．has5．Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually.A．that B．whyC．where D．whose6．Experience is a hard teacher because she ________ the test first, the lesson afterwards.A．gives B．has given C．was giving D．would give7．It was in that small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.A．that; where B．which; thatC．which; which D．that; which8．After I left _______ Linchuan No.2 Middle School, I began college classes in _______ September 2010.A．a; the B．不填; the C．the; the D．不填；不填9．— Catherine, will you visit us this weekend?—I planned to, but something unexpected .A．has come up B．was coming upC．had come up D．would come up10．He started school the same day as I did and________to it like a duck to water.A．appealed B．tookC．catered D．saw11．—You were not listening；what troubled you?—I my coming math exam．A．am thinking about B．was thinking about C．had thought about D．will think about12．Y ou don’t need an invitation to help others. Give help _____you are asked.A．if B．asC．though D．before13．John, ________ money was now no problem, started a new company with his friends.A．for whose B．of whoseC．of whom D．for whom14．—Thank you very much for everything ．You've been so helpful .—_ _．Just let me know if there is anything else I can do for you．A．With pleasure B．The pleasure is mine．C．Please don't say so D．No, thanks15．—People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.—________. The roads are too crowded as it is.A．All right B．ExactlyC．Go ahead D．Fine16．．Although it in the desert most of the year, people still live there．A．doesn’t rain B．didn’t rain C．hasn’t rained D．hadn’t rained17．Who ______ the fight against the H1N1 flu ______ it not been for the Chinese scientists’ great efforts? A．could have won; had B．would win; had C．would have won; has D．could win; has18．－Did Tom go back late last night?—No. It was just nine o'clock he arrived home.A．when B．after C．until D．that19．Everything is amazing. Thank you all. We without your help.A．can’t make it B．mustn’t have madeC．won’t make D．couldn’ t have made it20．The course about Chinese food attracts over 100 students per year, _______ up to half are from overseas. A．in which B．of whomC．with which D．for whom第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

河南省创新发展联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题一、阅读理解Join a Zion National Park ranger (护林人) to learn about what makes Zion National Park unique. Programs are free and created for classrooms and individuals. We connect to your school or home through a free web-based program. You will be provided with a link to the video conference ahead of time via an email invite. Registration is open! Click on the program below for more information. Program 1—Chat with a RangerIn Chat with a Ranger, students learn about Zion National Park, the park service, and the life of a ranger. Students prepare and send questions ahead of time. This program can be adapted to fit different curriculum objectives, and is appropriate for any age group. Program 2—Pollination InvestigationIn this distance learning program, students will discover what pollination is and how important it is to all ecosystems. Looking at the relationship between plants and pollinators, participants will see how they have influenced each other and will be challenged to create their own perfect pollinator. Program 3—Whooo’s in the Canyon?Who left these clues behind here in the high canyons of Zion National Park? A feather, small bones, and hoot hooting in the trees can be heard as your classroom goes on a virtual hike of Zion to discover the Mexican spotted owl. Learn it about how the owl uses its special adaptations to survive in this desert environment. Program 4—The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion This distance learning program focuses on the plants and animals that live in Zion's varying ecosystems. Students will learn about their adaptations and relationships to each other in this interactive lesson with a creative and critical thinking activity.1．Which program requires participants to make preparations in advance?A．Chat with a Ranger.B．Pollination Investigation.C．Whooo's in the Canyon?D．The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion. 2．What can participants learn from program 3?A．Survival strategies taken by owls in the park.B．Ways to prepare a hike tour in the park.C．Threats brought by the desert environment.D．A variety of ecosystems in ZionNational Park.3．What do the listed programs have in common?A．They involve interactive activities.B．They include a virtual tour of different trails.C．They are accessible through web-based program.D．They require participants to visit the park in person.On a hot June day in 2015, I retired after 34 years of teaching high school. Then, I drove to meet my new piano teacher, Mark.I had worked for more than three decades as a busy English teacher with an endless stream of papers to mark and precious little time to experiment or learn new skills. I was determined to make up for all I had been missing. I wanted to finally master the piano and learn how to make music.I told Mark I had a specific concrete goal: to play Clair de lune by Claude Debussy, a piece I remember hearing from early childhood.Determined that there would be a day when I would totally master this piece, I set myself a deadline: I would perform before a gathering of friends on my 60th birthday. For months I did nothing but furiously (猛烈地) practise. When the day came, around 30 friends and relatives crowded into my dining room to hear me play, and aside from a few minor slips, I managed to pull it off without embarrassing myself. People clapped warmly. I made it. I had risen to a challenge, but I still didn’t feel that I was really “making music”.After that, my progress was painfully slow. I had come to hate hearing myself play music badly. I got no pleasure from the act of missing notes.I began focusing on what few things I could do: gardening and cycling. I came to understand that I didn’t have to be that man I’d always thought I ought to be. I could just do what feels good. So, after nearly five years of lessons, I quit.I still love music; I regularly go out to concerts. But now my piano does nothing more than sit silently in my dining room, displaying family photos and collecting dust. And I’m perfectly happy with that.4．Why did the author learn the piano after retiring from teaching?A．To impress his friends and relatives.B．To avoid the boredom of retirement.C．To start a new career as a concert pianist.D．To pursue a long-time passion for music. 5．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A．The author attended a concert of piano music.B．The author performed successfully despite a few errors.C．The author felt embarrassed about his piano performance.D．The author quit his piano immediately after his 60th birthday.6．What does the author do with his piano now?A．He uses it for music lessons.B．He uses it for performance.C．He uses it for something unrelated to music.D．He plays it for personal enjoyment occasionally.7．Which of the following can best describe the author?A．Inner- directed and hardworking.B．Conventional and careless.C．Ambitious and kind-hearted.D．Lazy and pessimistic.When it comes to diatoms (硅藻类) that live in the ocean, new research suggests that photosynthesis (光合作用) is not the only strategy for accumulating carbon. Instead, these single-celled are also building biomass by feeding directly on organic carbon in the ocean.These new findings could lead researchers to reduce their estimate of how much carbon dioxide diatoms pull out of the air via photosynthesis, which in turn, could take a much closer look at the understanding of the global carbon cycle, which is especially relevant given the changing climate. The new findings were published in Science Advances on July 17, 2024.The team showed that the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, which is found in oceans around the world, regularly performs a mix of both photosynthesis and direct eating of carbon from organic sources such as plankton (浮游生物) . In more than 70% of the water samples the researchers analyzed from oceans around the world, the team found signs of simultaneous photosynthesis and direct organic carbon consumption from Cylindrotheca closterium. The team also showed that this diatom species can grow much faster when consuming organic carbon in addition to photosynthesis. Furthermore, the new research hinted at the possibility that specificspecies of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean. This work is based on a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that the team used to reveal the metabolism of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium.The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive, thrive and build biomass.The UC San Diego led team is in the process of expanding the scope of the project to determine how widespread this non-photosynthetic activity is among other diatom species. 8．What’s new according to the research?A．The way of the diatom’s carbon accumulation.B．The impact of climate on diverse sea plants.C．The procedure of exploring carbon.D．The system of building biomass.9．What do the new findings make researchers more focus on?A．The causes of climate change.B．The grasp of the carbon cycle.C．The bad effect of photosynthesis on diatoms.D．A rough estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide.10．What do we know from paragraph 3?A．A large number of diatoms may feed on bacteria.B．The diatom lives on plankton.C．Water samples are key factors for the research.D．Diatom species grow faster with sufficient sunlight11．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．Photosynthesis in Diatoms B．Plankton’s Role in OceansC．New Carbon Strategies in Diatoms D．Advances in Modeling DataAccording to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar.In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off?The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them? Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs.But we also can’t tell from observational studies, which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes.For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs.12．What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2?A．Put out.B．Defend against.C．Keep up.D．Count on. 13．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies.B．The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies.C．The significance of controlling variables in observational studies.D．The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report.14．What is a feature of RCTs according to the text?A．They cost little B．They tend to last long.C．They can control variables and determine causality.D．They require participants to self-report related data15．How should the government help RCTs?A．By making appropriate plans B．By providing financial supportC．By raising people’s awareness of health D．By founding more related governmentagenciesTo make science’s stories more concrete and engaging, it’s important to use some effective strategies. Here are four of them. Put people in the storyScience’s stories often lack human characters. 16 . Characters can be also people affected by a scientific topic, or interested in learning more about it. Besides, they can be storytellers who are sharing their personal experiences.17People often think of science as objective and fair. But science is actually a human practice that continuously involves choices, missteps and biases (偏见) . If you explain science as a course, you can walk people through the sequence of how science is done and why researchers reach certain conclusions. 18 . And they can also stress the reason why people should trust the course of science to provide the most accurate conclusions possible given the available information. Include what people care aboutScientific topics are important, but they may not always be the public’s most pressing concerns. In April 2024, a polling company found that “the quality of the environment” was one of thelowest-ranked priorities among people in the US. The stories about the environment could weave in connections to higher-priority topics. 19 . Tell science's storiesScientists, of course, can be science communicators, but everyone can tell science’s stories. When we share information online about health, or talk to friends and family about the weather, we contribute to information that circulates about science topics. 20 . Think about all of a story’s characteristics - character, action, sequence, scope, storyteller and content - and how you might incorporate them into the topic.A．Explain science as a processB．Shoot attractive short science videosC．Scientists themselves can actually become ideal onesD．This practice is to stress why the content is importantE．You can tell growth stories of remarkable teenage scientistsF．Science communicators can emphasize how science is conductedG．You may as well borrow features from stories to strengthen your message二、完形填空In 2018, Molly Baker unfortunately lost her husband in a severe skiing accident. She was 21 . In the first several weeks after his passing, her friends and family 22 a great deal of support. But after a while, the cards and meals started to 23 . “People had to get back to their normal 24 . And so things kind of dropped off,” Baker recalled.That was when one of Baker's friends, Carla Vail, thought up a way to 25 the help for an entire year. She called it the “Calendar Girls”. V ail gathered the names of 31 of Baker's friends who wanted to help, and 26 each friend a particular day. Vail also gave Baker the names on the 27 , so Baker could know what to 28 each day.“And what that looked like for them was that on that day, they would reach out to me in some 29 ways—maybe via text, or a card,” Baker said.Looking back, Baker feels that Vail's 30 was essential to helping her cope with her husband's death, because she was 31 at that time.“A lot of people are really uncomfortable around 32 ,” Baker said. “So what they do is, instead of doing something, that they 33 do nothing. It was nice to have that ‘Calendar Girls’ setup.”Today, Baker tries to do something similar for her friends going through 34 . In hard times, she knows how 35 it is to have something to look forward to every day. 21．A．cautious B．unconscious C．desperate D．impassive 22．A．extended B．demanded C．announced D．assumed 23．A．pass down B．show up C．break up D．slow down24．A．exercise B．routine C．diet D．growth 25．A．resist B．continue C．explain D．test 26．A．ordered B．sent C．owed D．assigned 27．A．furniture B．file C．calendar D．Internet 28．A．expect B．absorb C．propose D．define 29．A．rare B．strange C．specific D．generous 30．A．curiosity B．thoughtfulness C．ambition D．toughness 31．A．innocent B．optimistic C．tolerant D．lonely 32．A．panic B．evidence C．failure D．grief 33．A．simply B．hardly C．skillfully D．secretly 34．A．distraction B．addiction C．loss D．annoyance 35．A．amusing B．valuable C．astonishing D．universal三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

钛酸钡材料综述1.引言钛酸钡铁电陶瓷是20世纪中叶发展起来的一种性能卓越的介电材料，即便其发展时间较短，但其具有卓越的压电性能、介电性能及热释电性等，使其一跃成为功能陶瓷领域内极为重要的组成部分，并且其作为电子陶瓷元器件的基础材料，推动了电子工业的发展。

近些年，全球电子工业发展迅速，其高性能、高精度、小型化的特点对主要原料提出了更高的要求，这无形中也对钛酸钡铁电陶瓷的发展也提出了较高要求[1]。

在实际生产中，要求钛酸钡铁电陶瓷粉体超细、超纯，并对主要原料掺杂改性技术方面不断完善。

2.钛酸钡铁电陶瓷的主要制备技术钛酸钡铁电陶瓷材料的常用制备方法有固相合成法、液相合成法两大类。

针对每个大类的合成方法下面还包含了诸多支路，其具体操作各具特色。

传统固相合成法是一种常用的合成方法，但是由于该方法年代久远，因此所制备的产物粉体纯净度较低，且回收颗粒物体积大、化学活性较差，所以当前工业上使用该方法生产钛酸钡粉效果较差。

尤其是在电子产业中，对元件性能要求高，需要可靠、固态化、多功能性、多层化等高要求的元件。

面对此趋势，经过改进后的液相合成法可以达到较好的效果，液相合成法包括凝胶法、化学沉淀法、水热合成法等。

由于这些方法合成温度要求低且其各组分是在分子水平合成的，所以该方法制备出来得纯钛酸钡粉产物具有结晶性好、组成均匀、粒径可控、无团聚、纯度极高等优势，可充分发挥元器件的电子性能。

以钛酸四丁酯Ti(OC4H9)4(98．0％)、硝酸钡Ba(N03)：(99．5％)和草酸H2C204(99．5％)为初始原料，在微波温度为80℃，微波时间为10 min，煅烧温度为700℃和煅烧时间为1 h的条件下制备一定量晶粒尺寸在30—50 nm的BaTiO，纳米粉放入研钵中，用浓度5％作为粘合剂的PVA溶液制造颗粒，再用80～120目的筛子对颗粒进行筛选。

每次称取0．35 g左右的样品放入模具中，在10 MPa 的压力下对粉体进行干压成型，最后对瓷坯进行排胶、烧结等后续处理。

高一生物学与环境保护英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth. It includes the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems. Biodiversity is extremely important for many reasons. Firstly, it provides us with essential resources such as food, medicine, and raw materials. Secondly, it helps maintain the balance of nature. Different species play different roles in ecosystems, and their interactions keep the ecosystem stable.However, biodiversity is currently facing many threats. Habitat destruction due to human activities such as deforestation and urbanization is one of the major threats. Pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources also pose significant challenges to biodiversity.To protect biodiversity, we need to take several measures. We should reduce habitat destruction by protecting forests and other natural habitats. We also need to control pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the effects of climate change. Additionally, sustainable use of natural resources and conservation of endangered species are crucial.Protecting biodiversity is not only important for the survival of countless species but also for the well-being of humanity. We must all take responsibility and work together to ensure the survival and prosperity oflife on Earth.1. Biodiversity includes the diversity of ___.A. species onlyB. genes onlyC. ecosystems onlyD. species, genes, and ecosystems答案：D。

小学下册英语第五单元期末试卷(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1 The process of oxidation can lead to ______ of metals.2 What is the name of the famous river that runs through Egypt?A. AmazonB. NilC. MississippiD. Yangtze答案:B3 The __________ (历史的价值传递) shapes our futures.4 When iron rusts, it reacts with ______ in the air.5 The ancient Egyptians used _____ for their writing.6 What is the main color of the sun?A. YellowB. WhiteC. BlueD. Red7 A ________ (热带植物) needs warm temperatures.8 What do you call a person who studies fossils?A. PaleontologistB. ArchaeologistC. GeologistD. Biologist答案:A9 What do you call a person who writes poetry?A. PoetB. NovelistC. AuthorD. Playwright答案: A10 The __________ (历史的价值) is recognized globally.11 My favorite animal is the ______ (大象). It is very ______ (聪明) and gentle.12 I saw a _______ (小松鼠) eating an acorn.13 Gold is a valuable metal because it is _____ (non-reactive).14 My brother is a __________ (创新型人才).15 The _______ (The Gulf War) was fought to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control.16 The chemical formula for sodium acetate is _____.17 The __________ is composed of various layers of rock and soil.18 What is the term for the study of living organisms?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. Astronomy答案:A19 I enjoy playing with my ________ in the yard.20 She likes to ________ pictures.21 I enjoy _______ (散步) in the evenings.22 On weekends, I visit my friend and we play with ________ (桌游). It’s always a ________ (好玩) time.23 The beach is _______ in the summer.24 We are learning to ______ (dance) this week.25 My favorite animal is a ________ because they are cute.26 What do you call the person who writes books?A. PainterB. AuthorC. SculptorD. Musician答案:B27 On weekends, I usually __________ with my friends.28 The Earth's surface is constantly changing due to ______ and tectonic activity.29 The chemical symbol for ytterbium is ______.30 What is the name of the famous scientist known for his work on the laws of thermodynamics?A. Rudolf ClausiusB. Lord KelvinC. James Clerk MaxwellD. Albert Einstein答案: A31 What do we call the practice of planting trees to improve the environment?A. ReforestationB. DeforestationC. AfforestationD. Urbanization答案:A32 My friend has a pet ______ (仓鼠) that loves to run.33 What do you call a young bear?A. CubB. PupC. KitD. Calf34 Minerals can be identified by their hardness, color, and ______.35 What sound does a cow make?A. BarkB. MeowC. MooD. Quack36 The _______ of a flashlight beam widens as it moves away from the source.37 My friend’s name is __________. (朋友的名字)38 The __________ (历史的回顾) informs our present.39 What do we call the day when we celebrate our country's independence?A. Memorial DayB. Independence DayC. Labor DayD. Thanksgiving答案:B40 A ______ is a structured approach to inquiry.41 What is the name of the northernmost point on Earth?A. South PoleB. North PoleC. EquatorD. Tropic of Cancer答案: B42 The blanket is very ___ (soft/hard).43 The ______ helps with the coordination of movements.44 What is the capital of Mexico?A. CancunB. Mexico CityC. GuadalajaraD. Monterrey答案: B45 In chemistry, a phase is a distinct _____ of matter.46 My favorite toy is a ________ that I can draw.47 Which instrument is known for its strings and is played with a bow?A. FluteB. TrumpetC. ViolinD. Drum答案: C48 My pet's name is ______.49 I always try to help my classmates when they need ________ (帮助) with their work.50 Antarctica is covered in __________.51 A ______ is a liquid that can dissolve a solute.52 How do you say "house" in Spanish?A. CasaB. MaisonC. HausD. Domo53 What is the name of the fictional character who travels to Wonderland?A. AliceB. DorothyC. WendyD. Lucy54 What do you call a plant that grows in water?A. TreeB. FlowerC. Aquatic plantD. Cactus55 A polymer is a large molecule made of _______ repeating units.56 A _______ (小金丝雀) sings beautifully in the morning.57 What is the main purpose of a compass?A. Measure temperatureB. Find directionC. Tell timeD. Check altitude58 What is the opposite of 'day'?A. NightC. DawnD. Morning答案:A59 The bird is ________ in the tree.60 What do you call the process of a liquid turning into a solid?A. FreezingB. MeltingC. BoilingD. Evaporating答案: A61 The sky is ___ (blue/green) today.62 Which of these is a common household pet?A. LionB. FishC. ElephantD. Horse答案:B63 The tortoise is known for its ______ (耐心).64 The cake is ______ with icing. (covered)65 An acid is a substance that donates _____ (protons) in a solution.66 What is the main function of flowers on a plant?A. PhotosynthesisB. PollinationC. Absorption答案:B67 The capital of Panama is __________.68 What do we call a person who studies languages?A. LinguistB. PhilologistC. TranslatorD. Polyglot答案: A69 Canada has many ________ (加拿大有许多________) and lakes.70 What is the capital of Singapore?A. Kuala LumpurB. Singapore CityC. JakartaD. Bangkok71 The Wright brothers invented the ________.72 The main gas released during combustion is ______.73 My ______ loves to share her knowledge.74 I like to read ________ (小说).75 What do you call the person who studies the stars?A. BiologistB. AstronomerC. ChemistD. Geologist答案:B76 My mother is a _____ (护士) providing care with compassion.77 A bear can stand on its ______ (后腿).78 I created a treasure map to find my ________ (玩具). It was hidden under a ________ (树).79 My sister enjoys crafting ____ (cards).80 My uncle loves to __________ (分享) his travel experiences.81 The snail moves very _______ (蜗牛动得很_______).82 What is the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze83 The chemical symbol for iodine is _____.84 What is the color of a typical goldfish?A. SilverB. BlueC. OrangeD. Yellow答案:C85 I like to go ______ (远足) in the mountains.86 The signing of the Treaty of Versailles ended ________ (第一次世界大战).87 My sister is passionate about __________ (音乐).88 What do you call the traditional Japanese theater?A. KabukiB. NohC. BunrakuD. All of the above89 The __________ (历史的启示性思维) encourages exploration.90 My favorite drink is ______.91 A __________ is a valuable resource for industry.92 What is the currency used in the United States?A. EuroB. PoundC. DollarD. Yen答案:C93 Planting _____ (本地树种) contributes to ecological stability.94 What is the capital of Estonia?a. Tallinnb. Rigac. Vilniusd. Helsinki答案:a95 What do we celebrate on the 4th of July in the USA?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. ChristmasD. New Year's答案:B96 The movie was very ________ (有趣).97 What is the name of the first manned mission to the Moon?A. Apollo 11B. Apollo 8C. Gemini 12D. Mercury 798 A rabbit has long _____ ears.99 The __________ (历史的比较) reveals diversity.100 The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the ______.。

松江区2023学年度第二学期模拟考质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2024.4 考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和考号。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

Ⅰ．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．At 8:00. B．At 8:15. C．At 8:30. D．At 8:45.2．A．A professor. B．A coach. C．An engineer. D．A nurse.3．A．In a restaurant. B．In a hairdres ser’s.C．At a cinema. D．At a tailor’s. 4．A．Ways to visit a university. B．Two student tour guides.C．A tour of Fudan University. D．The campus of Fudan University.5．A．They did not make it there finally.B．They were not well received there.C．They experienced something unpleasant on the way.D．They had a wonderful time before they arrived there.6．A．Excited. B．Interested. C．Confused. D．Annoyed. 7．A．Practice the presentation in front of him. B．Watch how he makes a presentation. C．Reduce the time spent in practicing. D．Find out who her audience will be.8．A．She is always absent-minded. B．She forgot to tell the man about it.C．She is unclear about Sophie’s plan.D．She slipped in the neighboring town. 9．A．Because it took him much time to go to work.B．Because he had to save money for his journey.C．Because the job arranged many business journeys.D．Because he considered it unlucky to have that job.10．A．Buy a new printer with less noise. B．Ask the man to borrow a printer.C．Read a book on how to fix the printer. D．Get someone to repair the printer.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．How encores came into existence. B．How bands perform encores properly.C．Why audiences used to need encores. D．Why encores are part of a performance. 12．A．The 17th century. B．The 18th century. C．The 19th century. D．The 20th century. 13．A．French people were more interested in encores than others.B．Bands usually prepare more than two encores for each show.C．Recording technology boosted audiences’ needs for encores.D．Musicians can get recharged during the break before encores.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14．A．Because of the rule for the class. B．Because of the course materials.C．Because the speaker changed his topics. D．Because the speaker disliked technology. 15．A．The students do not assess the speaker’s class fairly.B．The students are satisfied with the class environment.C．The speaker did not favor leaving technology at the door.D．The speaker were worried about students’ evaluation on him.16．A．It will stop students getting on well together.B．It may help students better understand themes.C．It will improve teaching effect by giving students more help.D．It may distract students from digging deep within themselves.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17．A．Doctor and patient. B．Salesman and customer.C．Teacher and student. D．Employer and employee.18．A．Fishing industry. B．Statistics. C．Computer modeling. D．Note-taking. 19．A．She is good at making model computers. B．She has decided on the title of the essay. C．She is uninterested in coping with statistics. D．She has always been weak at note-taking. 20．A．Learn to take notes immediately. B．Find out possible strategies alone.C．Read for more useful information. D．Work on her weaknesses by herself. Ⅱ．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Remote Work Slows Senior Housing Market RecoveryWith the rise of remote work, the market for senior housing has met with problems in its recovery. Only a few old people choose to live in senior-living communities （21）______the growing senior population and the cancelation of COVID-19 restrictions once making family visits difficult.（22）______ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. That is, remote work is keeping many older Americans from moving into senior-living communities once warmly （23）______（welcome）.When more adults began working remotely during the pandemic（流行病）, they were able to check in on aging parents easily —they （24）______ take care of their parents’ issues on short notice.Experts have been analyzing the phenomenon in different ways. Some found that the greater flexibility to care for parents （25）______（mean）people’s delay in sending aged parents to expensive senior-housing accommodations. Therefore, markets with high levels of people working from home usually have lower senior-housing occupancy rates. Others said remote work might have some effect but also pointed to different factors. For instance, many seniors think that their family wallets are getting thinner, making some of them reluctant （26）______（send）to senior-living communities.The age at which people enter senior housing is also increasing, （27）______serves as another sign that shows people are choosing to delay transitioning. The rising cost of senior living weighs heavily on that decision. The CPI （consumer-price index）for nursing homes and adult day services rose 4.5% last May compared with （28）______in May, 2022.Still, many senior-housing operators are optimistic. When （29）______（illustrate）their point, they showed an increase in the number of people turning 80 years old over the following years and the actual wealth they have collected. Moreover, they find remote work arrangements are decreasing in some parts of the country, （30）______ employees there have seen their lowered productivity while working from home.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A．accompanied B．allowed C．feasibly D．fueled E．intensity F．option G．prompting H．routine I．surgically J．underlying K．variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity 31 patients’ lasting pain. That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment alre ady used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other 32 . “We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,” said Prasad Shirvalkar, lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly 28 million adults in the UK alone, and the causes are 33 . ranging from cancer to back problems. That being the case, lasting pain has 34 a rise in taking powerful painkillers. But nomedical treatments work well for the condition, 35 experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study, Shirvalkar and his colleagues 36 implanted electrodes（电极）into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs. The devices 37 the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset. Several times a day, the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the 38 of pain, meaning how strong the pain was, and then record their brain activity. These scientists, armed with the survey responses and brain recordings, found they could use computers to predict a person’s pa in based on the electrical signals in their OFC. “We found very different brain activity 39 severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,” said Shirvalkar. The finding may explain, at least in part, why 40 painkillers are less effective for lasting pain. “The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The way of recording things has never ceased to develop. In the 1980s, as sales of video recorders went up, old 8mm home movies were gradually replaced by VHS （video home system）tapes. Later, video tapes of family holidays lost their appeal and the use of DVDs 41 . Those, too, have had their day. Even those holding their childhood memories in digital files on their laptops now know these files face the risk of 42 .Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be 43 and distributed, reducing the risk of their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces44 on the original items. The International Dunhuang Project, 45 , has digitised items like manuscripts（手稿）from the Mogao caves in China, enabling scholars from around the world to access records easily without touching the real items.But the news that the Ministry of Justice of the UK is proposing to scan the 110 million people’s wills it holds and then destroy a handful of 46 after 25 years has shocked historians. The ministry cites this as a way of providing easier access for researchers. But that only justifies digitisation, not the 47 of the paper copies. The officials note the change will be economically efficient （saving around £4.5m a year）while keeping all the essential information.Scholars 48 . Most significantly, physical records can themselves carry important information — the kind of ink or paper used may be part of the history that historians are 49 . and error s are often made in scanning. Besides, digital copies are arguably more 50 than the material items, just in different ways. The attack from the Internet on the British Library last October has prevented scholars from 51 digitised materials it holds: imagine if researchers could not return to the originals. Some even think digitised information can easily be lost within decades no matter what 52 are put in place.The government says that it will save the original wills of “famous people for historic record”, such as that of Princess Diana’s. However, assuming that we know who will 53 to future generations is extraordinarilyproud. Mary Seacole, a pioneering nurse who now appears on the national school course in the UK, was largely54 for almost a century.The digitisation of old documents is a valuable, even essential measure. But to destroy the originals once they have been scanned, is not a matter of great 55 , but of huge damage.41．A．paused B．boomed C．recovered D．disappeared 42．A．getting outdated B．coming into style C．being fined D．making an error 43．A．deleted B．named C．copied D．altered 44．A．fight or flight B．life or death C．wear and tear D．awe and wonder 45．A．unfortunately B．additionally C．in summary D．for example 46．A．the originals B．the essentials C．the visualised D．the digitised 47．A．preservation B．classification C．publication D．destruction 48．A．applaud B．disagree C．discriminate D．withdraw 49．A．revising B．abandoning C．uncovering D．enduring 50．A．meaningful B．favourable C．resistant D．delicate 51．A．inventing B．adjusting C．accessing D．damaging 52．A．outcomes B．safeguards C．deadlines D．byproducts 53．A．matter B．respond C．lose D．live 54．A．spared B．discussed C．forgotten D．protected 55．A．sacrifice B．courage C．efficiency D．admirationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates.In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit （经遗传获得）characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856．Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well acc epted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.56．What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species?A．Examining plants and animals collected.B．His desire for a voyage to different continents.C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America.D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.57．We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ______.A．used natural selection to develop new speciesB．enjoyed being called nicknames related to scienceC．learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicineD．argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period58．Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species?A．That he had ten children in all. B．His youngest son’s being disabled.C．That he lost his eldest daughter. D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.59．This passage is mainly about ______.A．Darwin’s passion for medical science B．Darwin’s theory and experimentsC．Charles Darwin’s changing interest D．Charles Darwin’s life and work（B）Welcome to Muir Woods! This rare ancient forest is a kingdom of coast redwoods, many over 600 years old. How to get here?People using personal vehicles must have reservations before arriving at the park. （Details at.）Muir Woods National Monument is open daily, 8 a. m. to sunset. Stop by Visitor Center to get trails（路线）and program information, and to take in exhibits.What’s your path?Enjoy a walk on the paved Redwood Creek Trail （also called Main Trail）. Choose short, medium, or long loops（环线）. Other trails go deep into Muir Woods and Mount Tamalpais State Park.（Refer to the map of Muir Woods on the right for details.）Ready to explore more?Muir Woods is part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which includes Marin Headlands, Alcatraz, the Presidio, and Ocean Beach. Download the app at /goga.Stay safe and protect your park.Wi-Fi and cell service are not available. ·Watch for poisonous plants and falling branches. ·Do not feed or disturb animals. ·Fishing is prohibited in the park. ·Do not mark or remove trees, flowers, or other natural features. ·Go to the park website for more safety tips and regulations.AccessibilityWe make a great effort to make facilities, services, and programs accessible to all. For information, go to Visitor Center, ask a ranger, call, or check our website.More InformationMuir Woods National Monument /muwo Mill Valley, CA 94941-269660．Muir Woods will probably attract ______.①redwood lovers ②hunting lovers ③fishing lovers ④hiking loversA．①②B．③④C．①④D．②③61．What can be learned from the passage?A．Muir woods is surrounded by highland and ocean beaches.B．Visitors can read electronic maps using Wi-Fi in Muir Woods.C．Visitors are advised to call Visitor Center for safety tips and regulations.D．Reservations should be made if visitors drive private cars to Muir Woods.62．According to the map of Muir Woods, ______.A．Bridge 4 is the farthest from the parking lots of all bridgesB．Mill Valley is located on the southwest side of Muir BeachC．Bootjack Trail can lead one to Visitor Center from Bridge 3D．food and gifts can be bought on various sites in Muir Woods（C）Precognitive dreams are dreams that seemingly predict the future which cannot be inferred from actually available information. Former US President Abraham Lincoln once revealed the frightening dream to his law partner and friend Ward Hill Lamon, “…Then I heard people weep… ‘Who is dead in the White House?’ I demanded. ‘The President,’ ‘he was killed!’…” The killing did happen later.Christopher French, Professor in the Department of Psychology at Goldsmiths, stated the most likely explanation for such a phenomenon was coincidence（巧合）. “In addition to pure coincidences we must also consider the unreliability of memory”, he added. Asked what criteria would have to be met for him to accept that precognitive dreams were a reality, he said, “The primary problem with tests of the claim is that the subjects are unable to tell when the event（s）they’ve dreamed about will happen.”However, some claimed to make such tests practicable. Professor Caroline Watt at the University of Edinburgh, has conducted studies into precognitive dreaming. She stated that knowing future through dreams challenged the basic assumption of science — causality （relationship of cause and effect）.Dick Bierman, a retired physicist and psychologist, who has worked at the Universities of Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen, has put forward a theory that may explain precognitive dreams. It is based on the fact that when scientists use certain mathematical descriptions to talk about things like electromagnetism（电磁学）, these descriptions favour the belief that time only moves in one direction. However, in practice the wave that is running backwards in time does exist. This concept is called the time symmetry, meaning that the laws of physics look the same when time runs forward or backward. But he believes that time symmetry breaks down due to external conditions. “The key of the theory is that it assumes that there is a special context that restores th e broken time-symmetry, if the waves running backwards are ‘absorbed’ by a consistent multi-particle（多粒子）system. The brain under a dream state may be such a system where broken time-symmetry is partially restored. This is still not a full explanation for precognitive dreams but it shows where physics might be adjusted to accommodate the phenomenon,” he explains.Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon. 63．According to French, what makes it difficult to test precognitive dreams?A．Unavailability of people’s dreams.B．That coincidences happen a lot in reality.C．That criteria for dream reliability are not trustworthy.D．People’s inability to tell when dreamt events will happen.64．Believers in precognitive dreams may question the truth of ______.A．the assumption of causality B．the time symmetryC．memories of ordinary people D．modern scientific tests65．We can infer from the passage that ______.A．Lincoln was warned of the killing by his friendB．Watt carried out several experiments on causalityC．researches on electromagnetism are based on the time symmetryD．time’s moving in two directions may justify precognitive dreams66．Which might be the best title of the passage?A．Should Dreams Be Assessed?B．Can Dreams Predict the Future?C．How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams?D．Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams?Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A．Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids.B．It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do.C．There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis. D．Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online.E．Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience.F．The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.Addiction to LabelingMaybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.These days, labeling is everywhere. （67）______ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “（68）______ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.（69）______“Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable.（70）______ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.Ⅳ．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71．Why Willing to Wait?First it was the fried chicken. Then a variety of fancy milkshakes. No matter what time it is or how bad the streets smell, there are plenty of people waiting in line for hours to get their hands on the food that everyone’s talking about. If you are not the type of person crazy for trendy foods, you probably wonder why someone would like to wait in a long line just to get a taste of a popular cream tea. There is a bit of psychology behind the craze of waiting before getting one’s chopsticks on a trendy food.People are born curiosity hunters, especially for fresh ideas, according to some experts. At the sight of a long waiting line, they just can’t help having a try. And when the trendy foods are novel in looks and favors, even innovative in their sales environment, the desire for them is upgraded. All those stimulate people to investigate more—to deal with their curiosity.In addition, having access to something that is sought out but hard to possess equips people with a feeling that improves their self-definitions. When someone is envied due to something he gained with efforts, his self-worth gets enhanced. Although it is yet to be determined whether the number of likes he receives on the photos of foods he’s posted online is connected with the level of envy from on-lookers, that feeling automatically becomes stronger.Even more, “mob psychology” comes into play: when many people are doing something—waiting in line for the sought-after milkshakes, for instance —others are eager to be part of the group and share such a type of social familiarity, kind of like the natural pursuit of a sense of belonging. Tasting the same wait-worthy food has something in common.Ⅴ．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。

2025年河北省英语中考仿真试卷与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、You will hear a short conversation between two students about their plans for the weekend. Listen to the conversation and choose the correct option.Conversation:“Hey Tom, what are you up to this weekend?”“I’m planning to visit the new art exhibition downtown. How about you, Sarah?”“I’ll probably just catch up on some reading at home.”Question: What is Tom planning to do?A)Visit a friend.B)Go to an art exhibition.C)Catch up on some reading.Answer: B) Go to an art exhibition.Explanation: In the dialogue, Tom explicitly states that he’s planning to visit the new art exhibition downtown, making option B the correct answer.2、Listen to a short weather forecast and determine what the weather will be like tomorrow afternoon in the city center.Forecast:“Good evening, folks. Looking ahead to tomorrow, we can expect mostly sunny skies in the morning, but clouds will start rolling in by noon. By mid-afternoon, there’s a high chance of showers in the city center and surrounding areas.”Question: What will the weather be like tomorrow afternoon in the city center?A)Sunny all day.B)Cloudy with a chance of showers.C)Rainy from morning till night.Answer: B) Cloudy with a chance of showers.Explanation: The forecast indicates that while the morning will be mostly sunny, by mid-afternoon there is a high chance of showers in the city center, which matches option B.This section tests the students’ ability to comprehend spoken English and extract specific information from a conversation and a forecast.3、What are the speakers discussing?A)The weather forecast for the next week.B)The importance of exercise for health.C)The latest movie releases.Answer: B) The importance of exercise for health.Explanation: The conversation between the two speakers focuses on the benefits of regular exercise and how it contributes to overall health, which indicates that the topic is related to exercise and not weather or movies.4、How does the woman suggest the man improve his productivity at work?A)By taking longer breaks.B)By working longer hours.C)By organizing his workspace.Answer: C) By organizing his workspace.Explanation: The woman advises the man to organize his workspace to improve his efficiency and productivity, suggesting that a cluttered or disorganized environment might be hindering his work performance.5、You will hear a short conversation between two friends. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the following question.Question: What is the man’s favorite sport?A. BasketballB. FootballC. TennisD. None of the aboveAnswer: C. TennisExplanation: In the conversation, the man says, “I really enjoy playing tennis. It’s my favorite sport.” Therefore, the correct answer is C. Tennis.6、You will hear a news report about a recent event. Listen carefully and answer the following question.Question: What happened during the event?A. A fire broke out at the shopping center.B. A group of people gathered for a protest.C. An accident occurred on the highway.D. A festival was held in the park.Answer: B. A group of people gathered for a protest.Explanation: The news report states, “Today, a group of p eople gathered in the city center to protest against the new policy.” Therefore, the correct answer is B. A group of people gathered for a protest.7.Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer to the question.A. They are discussing a book.B. They are planning a trip.C. They are comparing their diets.Answer: BExplanation: The dialogue focuses on the speakers’ plans for their upcoming vacation, which indicates they are planning a trip.8.Listen to the following passage and answer the question.Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe a new product.B. To provide information about a famous person.C. To explain the benefits of exercise.Answer: CExplanation: The passage discusses the various health benefits of regular physical activity, making option C the correct answer. The other options are not supported by the content of the passage.9、You will hear a conversation between two friends, Tom and Lucy. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question.What is the main topic of their conversation?A. Tom’s new job.B. Lucy’s birthday party.C. Tom’s weekend plans.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation is mainly about Lucy’s birthday par ty. They discuss the location, time, and activities planned for the party.10、You will hear a short passage about climate change. Listen carefully and answer the question.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The increase in global temperatures.B. The melting of polar ice caps.C. The rise in sea level.Answer: BExplanation: The passage mentions the increase in global temperatures, the rise in sea level, and the negative effects of climate change. However, the melting of polar ice caps is not mentioned in the passage.11.You will hear a short conversation between two students about their weekend plans. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question.What does the woman plan to do on Saturday?A)Visit her grandparents.B)Go shopping.C)Study for an exam.D)Travel to another city.Answer: C) Study for an exam.Explanation: The woman mentions that she has a big exam coming up on Monday, which suggests that her weekend plans include studying.12.You will hear a news report about a new health initiative in a major city. Listen carefully and answer the following question.What is the main goal of the new initiative?A)To reduce traffic congestion.B)To promote healthy eating habits.C)To increase public awareness about mental health.D)To encourage more people to walk or cycle to work.Answer: B) To promote healthy eating habits.Explanation: The news report states that the initiative aims to provide more fresh food options in urban areas and educate residents about the importance of a balanced diet.13.You will hear a short conversation between two friends about their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What does Mark plan to do this weekend?A) Go hikingB) Visit his grandparentsC) Stay at home and relaxAnswer: CExplanation: In the conversation, Mark says, “I think I’ll just stay at homethis weekend and relax. I’ve been really busy lately.”14.You will hear a radio announcement about the weather forecast for the next three days. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What will the weather be like on Tuesday?A) Sunny with a high of 75°FB) Rainy with a low of 50°FC) Cloudy with a high of 65°FAnswer: AExplanation: The radio announcement states, “On Tuesday, we’ll have a sunny day with a hi gh of 75 degrees Fahrenheit.”15.You will hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the following question.Question: What does Sarah plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A) Go shoppingB) Watch a movieC) Visit a museumD) Go for a hikeAnswer: B) Watch a movieExplanation: In the conversation, Sarah mentions, “I’m thinking of watching a new movie at the cinema on Saturday afternoon.” Therefore, the correct answer is B) Watch a movie.16.Listen to a short passage about a famous author and answer the followingquestion.Question: What is the author known for?A) Writing a popular mystery novelB) Writing a science fiction novelC) Writing a historical fiction novelD) Writing a fantasy novelAnswer: C) Writing a historical fiction novelExplanation: The passage states, “The author, known for her historical fiction novels, has won numerous awards for her captivating storytelling.” Therefore, the correct answer is C) Writing a historical fiction novel.17.Listen to the following conversation and choose the best answer.A. The man is asking for directions to the library.B. The woman is looking for a book about history.C. The man is helping the woman find the nearest post office.D. The woman is inquiring about the opening hours of the museum.Answer: BExplanation: The woman mentions that she needs a book about history, which indicates that she is looking for a book related to that subject.18.Listen to the following news report and answer the question.What is the main topic of the news report?A. A new shopping center opening soon.B. A severe storm hitting the city.C. A famous singer performing in the city.D. A new law passed to improve traffic conditions.Answer: BExplanation: The news report discusses a severe storm that has hit the city, including details about the weather and the impact it has had on local residents. This indicates that the main topic is the storm itself.19.You will hear a conversation between two friends at a bookstore. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.Question: What book is the woman looking for?A) A science fiction novel.B) A history book.C) A cookbook.D) A mystery novel.Answer: C) A cookbook.Explanation: The woman mentions that she needs a cookbook for her new cooking class, which indicates that she is looking for a cookbook.20.You will hear a short lecture about the effects of climate change on wildlife. Listen to the lecture and answer the following question.Question: What is one of the main effects of climate change mentioned in the lecture?A) Increased number of polar bears.B) Decline in bee populations.C) Enhanced plant growth in deserts.D) Increase in the salinity of freshwater lakes.Answer: B) Decline in bee populations.Explanation: The lecture discusses how climate change is affecting various species, and it specifically mentions the decline in bee populations due to changes in their habitats and food sources.二、阅读理解（30分）Title: The Birth of a New SpeciesReading Passage:In the small town of Greenfield, scientists have made an extraordinary discovery. For years, the local wildlife had been changing, and the townsfolk had noticed that the animals seemed to be evolving at an unprecedented rate. The town’s most famous naturalist, Dr.Evelyn Carter, decided to investigate this phenomenon. After months of research, she and her team uncovered the secret: a previously undiscovered mineral, known as “Evolium,” found deep within the town’s forest, was causing the animals to evolve rapidly.Dr. Carter’s findings were groundbreaking. The mineral seemed to stimulate the animals’ DNA, leading to genetic mutations that enhanced their physical and cognitive abilities. The most remarkable of these mutations was the appearance of a new species of bird, which Dr. Carter named the “Greenfield Glider.” These birds had longer wings, sharper beaks, and an enhanced abilityto navigate complex environments. The Gliders were soon becoming a symbol of hope and innovation in the town.Questions:1.What was the main focus of Dr.Evelyn Carter’s research?A) The impact of the new mineral on the local wildlife.B) The evolution of the town’s human population.C) The economic benefits of the new mineral.D) The history of the town of Greenfield.2.What effect did the Evolium mineral have on the animals in Greenfield?A) It caused them to become extinct.B) It made them more aggressive.C) It stimulated their DNA, leading to genetic mutations.D) It had no effect on their evolution.3.What is the significance of the Greenfield Glider?A) It is a rare bird species that is on the brink of extinction.B) It is the town’s mascot, representing its hope for innovation.C) It is the first bird to be discovered in the town’s history.D) It has no special features and is no different from other birds.Answers:1.A) The impact of the new mineral on the local wildlife.2.C) It stimulated their DNA, leading to genetic mutations.3.B) It is the town’s mascot, representing its hope for innovation.三、完型填空（15分）Complete the following passage with the most appropriate options.In the small town of Greenfield, the local library was facing a dilemma. For years, it had been a cherished community hub, but now, its aging building was in dire need of repairs. The mayor, Mr. Thompson, convened a meeting with the library board and community leaders to discuss the best course of action.The first option presented was to [] the existing building, which would cost a considerable amount of money. However, this solution was met with skepticism from some board members who feared that [] would result in the loss of the library’s unique charm.The second option was to [] a new, modern library on the outskirts of town, which would offer more space and amenities. This idea was more popular with the younger generation, but it raised concerns about the [] of the older residents who preferred to stay close to their homes.A third suggestion was made by Mrs. Jenkins, a long-time library volunteer. She proposed [] a partnership with a local university to create a [] library that would combine the resources of the library and the university, thereby providing a unique educational experience for students and the community.The mayor listened to all the proposals a nd then asked the group, “What do you think will be the most beneficial for Greenfield in the long run?”1.A. rebuild2.A. preserving3.A. construction4.A. establish5.A. hybridAnswer Key:1.A. rebuild2.A. preserving3.A. construction4.A. establish5.A. hybrid四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、In the_______(1) place, I prefer staying at home rather than going out on weekends.答案：first解析：此处需要填入一个表示顺序的形容词，根据句意“首先”，应该使用“first”。

高二英语植物基因工程单选题50题1. In recent research on plant genetic engineering, the main goal is often to ____.A. change the color of plants randomlyB. introduce desirable traits into plantsC. make plants grow slowerD. reduce the number of plant species答案：B。

解析：在植物基因工程中，主要目的是将期望的性状引入植物中，例如提高抗病虫害能力、提高产量等，所以B正确。

A 选项随机改变植物颜色不是主要目的；C选项使植物生长更慢不符合基因工程对植物的改造方向；D选项减少植物物种数量与基因工程的目标背道而驰，基因工程更多是改良植物而不是减少其种类。

2. A significant discovery in plant genetic engineering is that scientists can ____ genes from one plant to another.A. stealB. transferC. copyD. destroy答案：B。

解析：在植物基因工程中，科学家能够将基因从一种植物转移到另一种植物，这是基因工程的关键操作之一，所以B正确。

A选项“steal”偷基因不符合科学事实；C选项“copy”单纯复制基因不是转移基因这种关键操作；D选项“destroy”破坏基因不是基因工程中的常见操作。

3. Plant genetic engineering has been in the news recently for its potential to ____.A. make plants less resistant to diseasesB. increase the use of pesticidesC. create plants with better nutritional valueD. make plants more difficult to cultivate答案：C。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填(书)写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

(以下信息考生必须认真填写)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples'way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them. Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound,weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18 ,a busy street might not 19 a motion- sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.英语( 一 )试题 . 1 . (共14页)1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving [D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience [C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously [B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out [C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits [D]sources7.[A]useful [B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9.[A]As well as [B]In terms of [C]Thanks to [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow [B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear [D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on [D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles [D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses [C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example [D]Above all19.[A]identify [B]suit [C]secure [D]include20.[A]appropriate [B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语(一)试题.2.(共14页)Text 1Nearly 2,000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing I've learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it's the cheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.英语(一)试题.3.(共14页)21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use.[B]keeping them from rusting.[C]letting them grow in value.[D]hiding them from the locals.22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.[B]illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.[C]contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.[D]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements.[B]have remained basically the same since Roman times.[C]are less studied than other everyday products.[D]are one of the world's most significant inventions.25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheap technologies bring aboutrevolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology defines people's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.英语(一)试题.4.(共14页)Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”,in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University,these practices,known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years,to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,”they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old,and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a“knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers—this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instructive teaching”,where pupils are ask ed to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents“might also enhance their own social development.”英语(一)试题.5. (共14页)26.According to the first two paragraphs,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing childcare among community members.[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.[C]teaching parenting skills to older children.[D]carrying infants around by their parents.27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society.[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture.[D]the differences between western and African ways of living.28.According to Paragraph 4,the“intensive mothering narrative”[A]alleviates parenting pressure.[B]consolidates family relationships.[C]results in the child-centered family.[D]departs from the course of evolution.29.According to Paragraph 6,what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Instructive Teaching:A Dilemma for Anxious Parents[B]For a Happier Family,Learn from the Hunter-gatherers[C]Mixed-age Playgroup,a Better Choice for Lonely Children[D]Tracing the History of Parenting:from Africa to Europe英语( 一 )试题 . 6 . (共14页)Text 3A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes,Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as Dungeons &Dragons and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world oftext-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”an d the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ecthics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried scarching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his“It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because the internet will be flooded with AI art,"Rutkowski says. “That's concerning.”Other artists besides Rutkowski have been surprised by the apparent popularity of their work in text-to-image generators—and some are now fighting back.Karla Ortiz,an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion's data set,has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright.Artists say they risk losing income as people start using AI-generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes.But it's also a lot more personal,Ortiz says,arguing that because art is so closely linked to a person,it could raise data protection and privacy problems.“There is a coalition growing within arist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,”says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.英语( 一 )试题 . 7 . (共14页)31.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about using AI models.[B]He is popular with the users of an AI art generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts.[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles.[C]make unauthorized use of online images.[D]collect user information without consent.33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences.[B]a new method to identify AI images.[C]AI-generated work bearing his name.[D]heated disputes regarding his copyright.34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulation.[B]offer their services to public institutions.[C]strengthen their relationships with AI users.[D]adopt a different strategy for AI model training.35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to AI art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of AI.[D]Opposing views on AI development.英语(一)试题.8.(共14页)Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,fltering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a“continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries“significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,”as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.英语(一)试题 9 . (共14页)36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as[A]a valuable natural environment.[B]a controversial conservation area.[C]a place with commercial potential.[D]a headache for nearby communities.37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforces water pollution control.[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power.[C]will end conflicts among local residents.[D]may face opposition from mining operators.38.How does the author feel about future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.[C]It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners.[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections.[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges.[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered species.英语(一)试题10. (共14页)Part BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing the comments.Choose the best statement from the list A-G for each numbered name (41-45).There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42) BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced. Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2000 years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value ofthe objects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43) SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent 15th- century Chinese sculpture.It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.英语(一)试题.11. (共14页)(44) VictorAncient art that is displayed in foreign countries by all means should be returned to the original country.The foreign countries have no right to hold back returning the items.I would ask that the foreign nations and the original country discuss the terms of transfer.Yes,there is the risk that the original country will not have as good security as do the foreign countries.But look at what happened to Boston's Gardner Museum theft in 1990,including the loss of Rembrandt,Vermeer,Manet,and other masterpieces. Nothing is absolutely safe,nowhere.And now Climate Change agitators are attacking publicly displayed works in European museums.(45) JuliaTo those of you in the comments section who are having strong feelings about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain and returned to their countries of origin,I would ask you to consider:why do you think Americans have more of a right to easily access the Benin Bronzes than the people of Nigeria?Why are people who live within a day's drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want,but the people of Athens aren't?What intrinsic factors make the West a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being preserved and displayed by their countries oforigin?Ifyour conclusion is that the West is better able to preserve these artifacts,think about why you're assuming that to be true.[A]It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolenartifacts.[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countriesof origin.[C]Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts'copies after the originals arereturned.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authenticobjects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin ratherthan anywhere else.[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must bedecent and lawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countriesof origin.英语(一)试题.12. (共14页)Part CDirectionsRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say-and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundationThe African savanna elephant,also known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.They move between a variety of habitats, including forests,grasslands,woodlands,wetlands and agricultural land.(46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of ing tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have“remarkable spatial acuity.”When finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole.(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected their food.(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants prefered either to eat or avoid when foraging feely.They then set up a“food station”experiment,in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.Free- ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.Their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants,like rats and people,to construct cognitive maps.英语(一)试题.13. (共14页)Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Read the following email from an international student and write a reply.Dear Li Ming,I've got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist,but I'm not sure how to prepare for it.Can you give me some advice? Thank you for your help.Yours,Paul Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email;use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on the picture and the chart below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture and the chart briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer in 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)市民健身区家门口新建的小公园真不错!英语(一)试题.14. (共14页)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题参考答案Section I Use of English1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A 10.D11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.C16.B17.D18.C 19.B20.ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.D 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.AText226.A 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.BText331.B 32.C 33.C 34.D 35.AText436.A 37.B 38.A 39.D40.BPart B41.E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart C46.它们有时会行走60多英里去寻找食物或水源，而且非常擅长判断其他大象的位置——即使后者位于其视线以外。