动词形式变化
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一段动词变形规则
动词的变形规则取决于其时态、人称和数。
以下是一些常见的动词变形规则:
1. 一般现在时:
- 第三人称单数:动词加-s或-es,如plays, goes
- 其他人称和复数形式:不加变化,如play, go
2. 一般过去时:
- 动词加-ed,如played, went
3. 过去分词:
- 大多数动词加-ed,如played, gone
- 一些动词有不规则的过去分词形式,如go- went- gone
4. 现在分词:
- 大多数动词在词尾加-ing,如playing, going
5. 情态动词:
- 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,如can, could, may
6. 不定式:
- 不定式的基本形式是动词原形,如to play, to go
以上是一些常见的动词变形规则,不同的动词可能有不同的变形规则,需要具体根据动词的情况进行学习和记忆。
动词的几种变化形式一、动词后面加上ing :①、现在进行时:表示某个动作正在发生或进行。
它的构成方式是:be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式,在动词适当形式填空的时候有时会要求自己加上be动词(is, am , are )。
句子中经常会出现look, listen, now……等具有特征性的词。
现在进行时的句型转换方法:肯定句:主语+be( am, is, are)+动词ing (They are having a lesson.)否定句:be(am, is, are) +not(They are not having a lesson.)一般疑问句:Be调到最前面?注意1、some 2、人称互换(例如:Are they havinga lesson.) 对现在进行时的一般疑问句的回答,它可以用Yes,…或No,…直接作答。
②like(s), go , do , 后面的动词加ing.例如:1. I like playing football, but my father likes playing chess.2.Let’s go swimming .3.She does all the cooking and cleaning .二、动词后面加s/es.一般现在时:表示经常性的事情。
一般现在时中动词后面加s/es必须满足两个条件:1、肯定句2、主语是单数(除了I 和you)特征性的时间状语:often经常, usually通常, always总是,every每个, sometimes 有时,at…在几点钟。
动词的第三单形式变化:1.多数在动词后加s play—plays like—likes2 .以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es go—goes wash—washes watch--watches3.以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es fly—flies study—studies一般现在时的句型转换方法:1、否定句:主语后面+don’t或doesn’t+动原2、一般疑问句:助词开有,然后把句子照抄下来,注意1、动原2、some3、人称互换.对一般疑问句的回答,它可以用Yes,…或No,…直接作答。
一、动词第三人称单数变化规则1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:works gets says reads2) 以ch,sh,s,x ,o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。
例如:go-goes;teach-teaches;wash-washes ;brush-brushes;catch-catches;do-does;fix -fixes 。
3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加-es.例如:study- studies;try-tries;carry-carries;fly-flies ;cry-cries二、现在分词变化规则(1)一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ingwork ---- working ;sleep ----- sleeping ;study ----- studying(2)动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ingtake ----- taking ;make ----- making ;dance ----- dancing(3)重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ingcut ----- cutting ;put ----- putting ;begin ------ beginning(4)以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-inglie ----- lying;tie ----- tying;die ----- dying三、形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下①一般单音节词末尾加er 和est②单音节词如果以e结尾,只加r 和st③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和est④少数以y,er(或ure),ow,ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加er和est(以y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,把y变成i,再加er和est,以e结尾的词仍加r和st)。
3. 也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级:原级比较级最高级pleased more pleased most pleasedtired more tired most tiredglad more glad most glad四、名词的复数形式名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children;foot---feet ;tooth---teeth ;mouse---mice;man---men woman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
规则动词的过去式变化规则1. 直接在词尾加-ed。
如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed,clean—cleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。
如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used,move—moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。
如:study—studied,carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。
如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。
如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent,spend—spent3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。
如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。
如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。
如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。
如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat,drink—drank begin —began其他的需特别记忆如am is---- was break---- broke hear-----heard 等等规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:在浊辅音和元音后面[d]called borrowed moved[mu:vd] enjoyed welcomed answered在清辅音后面[t]asked finished helped[helpt] passed[pa:st] reached在[t] [d]音后面[id]wanted['wCntid] started['sta:tid]needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid]0清:/p//t//k//f//F/s//W//tF//ts//tr/浊:/b//d//g//v//V//z//T//dV//dz//dr/动名词现在分词都由动词原形+ing形式组成。
动词的四种变化形式动词的四种变化形式通常指动词的原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式和过去分词。
1. play - plays - played - played 解释:I play football. (原形)He plays football every day. (第三人称单数)We played football yesterday. (过去式)The game has been played many times. (过去分词)2. work - works - worked - worked 解释:They work hard. (原形)She works in a factory. (第三人称单数)I worked late last night. (过去式)The problem has been worked out. (过去分词)3. study - studies - studied - studied 解释:You study English. (原形)He studies very well. (第三人称单数)They studied for the exam. (过去式)The subject has been studied deeply. (过去分词)4. go - goes - went - gone 解释:Let's go. (原形)She goes to school by bus. (第三人称单数)We went to the park last week. (过去式)The book has gone missing. (过去分词)5. do - does - did - done 解释:I do my homework. (原形)He does exercise every morning. (第三人称单数)They did a lot of things yesterday. (过去式)The job has been done. (过去分词)6. have - has - had - had 解释:We have lunch at noon. (原形)She hasa new dress. (第三人称单数)I had a great time last weekend. (过去式)The project has had many difficulties. (过去分词)7. see - sees - saw - seen 解释:I see a bird. (原形)He sees the sign. (第三人称单数)They saw a movie last night. (过去式)The film has been seen by many people. (过去分词)8. come - comes - came - come 解释:Come here. (原形)She comes from China. (第三人称单数)He came to my house yesterday. (过去式)The guests have come. (过去分词)9. eat - eats - ate - eaten 解释:They eat apples. (原形)She eats an egg for breakfast. (第三人称单数)We ate pizza last night. (过去式)The food has been eaten. (过去分词)10. drink - drinks - drank - drunk 解释:I drink water. (原形)He drinks coffee. (第三人称单数)They drank juice at the party. (过去式)The wine has been drunk. (过去分词)11. write - writes - wrote - written 解释:She writes a letter. (原形)He writes stories. (第三人称单数)I wrote a composition yesterday. (过去式)The book has been written. (过去分词)12. run - runs - ran - run 解释:I run fast. (原形)He runs every morning. (第三人称单数)They ran in the race. (过去式)The machine has been run for hours. (过去分词)13. swim - swims - swam - swum 解释:You swim well. (原形)She swims in the pool. (第三人称单数)We swam in the river last summer. (过去式)The pool has been swum in. (过去分词)14. fly - flies - flew - flown 解释:The bird flies high. (原形)He flies a kite.(第三人称单数)They flew to Beijing last month. (过去式)The plane has flown for a long time. (过去分词)15. speak - speaks - spoke - spoken 解释:I speak English. (原形)She speaks French. (第三人称单数)We spoke on the phone last night. (过去式)The language has been spoken. (过去分词)16. tell - tells - told - told 解释:He tells a story. (原形)She tells the truth. (第三人称单数)I told him the news. (过去式)The secret has been told. (过去分词)17. think - thinks - thought - thought 解释:I think you are right. (原形)He thinks carefully. (第三人称单数)They thought about it. (过去式)The problem has been thought over. (过去分词)18. get - gets - got - got 解释:I get up early. (原形)She gets a present. (第三人称单数)We got there at six. (过去式)The work has got done. (过去分词)19. give - gives - gave - given 解释:He gives me a book. (原形)She givesa speech. (第三人称单数)I gave him some money. (过去式)The gift has been given. (过去分词)20. take - takes - took - taken 解释:You take a photo. (原形)He takes a bus to work. (第三人称单数)We took a trip last year. (过去式)The medicine has been taken. (过去分词)21. know - knows - knew - known 解释:I know him. (原形)She knows the answer. (第三人称单数)They knew each other before. (过去式)Thefact has been known. (过去分词)22. keep - keeps - kept - kept 解释:We keep quiet. (原形)He keeps a diary. (第三人称单数)I kept waiting for him. (过去式)The secret has been kept. (过去分词)23. leave - leaves - left - left 解释:She leaves home at seven. (原形)He leaves for work. (第三人称单数)We left the party early. (过去式)The bag has been left. (过去分词)24. lose - loses - lost - lost 解释:I lose my key. (原形)He loses his temper. (第三人称单数)They lost the game. (过去式)The book has been lost. (过去分词)25. find - finds - found - found 解释:I find my pen. (原形)She finds a job. (第三人称单数)We found the way. (过去式)The lost dog has been found. (过去分词)26. make - makes - made - made 解释:He makes a cake. (原形)She makes friends. (第三人称单数)I made a mistake. (过去式)The chair has been made. (过去分词)27. read - reads - read - read 解释:I read a book. (原形)He reads the newspaper. (第三人称单数)We read aloud yesterday. (过去式)The story has been read. (过去分词)28. sell - sells - sold - sold 解释:She sells flowers. (原形)He sells cars. (第三人称单数)They sold the house. (过去式)The goods have been sold. (过去分词)29. buy - buys - bought - bought 解释:I buy a pen. (原形)She buys some fruit. (第三人称单数)We bought a new TV. (过去式)The present has been bought. (过去分词)30. bring - brings - brought - brought 解释:He brings a book. (原形)She brings some flowers. (第三人称单数)I brought my camera. (过去式)The food has been brought. (过去分词)31. teach - teaches - taught - taught 解释:She teaches English. (原形)He teaches math. (第三人称单数)They taught us last year. (过去式)The lesson has been taught. (过去分词)32. catch - catches - caught - caught 解释:I catch a fish. (原形)He catches the ball. (第三人称单数)We caught the thief. (过去式)The disease has been caught. (过去分词)。
一、动词第三人称单数变化规则1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:works gets says reads2) 以ch,sh,s,x ,o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。
例如:go-goes;teach-teaches;wash-washes ;brush-brushes;catch-catches;do-does;fix -fixes 。
3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加-es.例如:study- studies;try-tries;carry-carries;fly-flies ;cry-cries二、现在分词变化规则(1)一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ingwork ---- working ;sleep ----- sleeping ;study ----- studying(2)动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ingtake ----- taking ;make ----- making ;dance ----- dancing(3)重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ingcut ----- cutting ;put ----- putting ;begin ------ beginning(4)以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-inglie ----- lying;tie ----- tying;die ----- dying三、形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下①一般单音节词末尾加er 和est②单音节词如果以e结尾,只加r 和st③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和est④少数以y,er(或ure),ow,ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加er和est(以y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,把y变成i,再加er和est,以e结尾的词仍加r和st)。
3. 也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级:原级比较级最高级pleased more pleased most pleasedtired more tired most tiredglad more glad most glad四、名词的复数形式名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children;foot---feet ;tooth---teeth ;mouse---mice;man---men woman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
动词的变化与用法动词是语言中最基本、最重要的词类之一,它能够表示一个动作、状态或存在的事物。
为了能够准确地表达不同的语态、时态和语气,动词会发生变化并应用于不同的句子结构中。
本文将详细介绍动词的变化形式和用法,帮助读者更好地理解并运用动词。
一、动词的变化形式动词的变化形式主要体现在人称、数和时态方面。
下面将分别介绍这些方面的变化。
1. 人称变化动词根据不同的人称而发生变化。
一般情况下,英语动词的人称变化只表现在第三人称单数形式上,即在动词后加上“-s”或“-es”,例如:goes,plays。
而其他人称则保持动词的原形不变。
2. 数变化动词还会根据句子所指示的动作或状态的数量而发生变化。
在英语中,一般的规则是在动词后添加“-s”来表示复数形式,例如:cats,dogs。
但有些动词的复数形式并不遵循这个规则,需要记忆和学习。
3. 时态变化动词的时态变化是表示动作或状态发生的时间。
在英语中,时态主要分为一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时等。
时态的变化通常通过动词的词形变化或辅助动词来实现。
- 一般现在时:动词保持原形,例如:I eat,He eats。
- 一般过去时:动词加上“-ed”或变化其拼写,例如:played,went。
- 将来时:使用辅助动词或情态动词来表示将来的动作或状态,例如:will go,can play。
二、动词的用法除了变化形式,动词的用法也需要掌握。
下面将从及物动词和不及物动词、情态动词以及动词短语三个方面进行介绍。
1. 及物动词与不及物动词及物动词是指需要有宾语来完成意义的动词,而不及物动词则表示动作或状态不需要宾语。
在句子中,及物动词通常需要与宾语搭配使用,例如:She reads a book. 在这个例子中,动词“reads”是及物动词,它后面的“a book”是宾语。
而不及物动词不需要宾语,例如:He sleeps.2. 情态动词情态动词是一类特殊的动词,用来表示说话人的情感、态度、能力或推测等,而不表示具体的动作或状态。
动词的分词形式变化规则:
1 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing ;
例如:work ---- working sleep ----- sleeping study ----- studying
2 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing ;
例如:take -- taking make ----- making dance ----- dancing 但是,若是发音的e结尾,则不能去e:
例如:see→seeing 看见agree→agreeing 同意
3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing ;
例如:cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning
4 以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-ing;例如:die→dying 死lie→lying 躺
动词的分词形式变化规则:
1 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing ;
例如:work ---- working sleep ----- sleeping study ----- studying
2 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing ;
例如:take -- taking make ----- making dance ----- dancing 但是,若是发音的e结尾,则不能去e:
例如:see→seeing 看见agree→agreeing 同意
3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing ;
例如:cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning
4 以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-ing;例如:die→dying 死lie→lying 躺。
动词的三种变化规则1、第三人称单数一般现在时形(a)原形动词词尾+“-s”:help(帮助)→helpscome(来)→comes(b)原形动词词尾“ch,sh,o,s,x”+“-es”:teach(教)→teacheswash(洗)→washesgo(去)→goeskiss(吻)→kissesfix(安装)→fixes(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”后加“-ies”,若是“元音字母+y”,只加“-s”:study(学习)→studiesplay(游戏)→plays注:本项规则的“第三人称单数”是指句子的主语。
例如:I go to school on a bicycle every day .You go to school on a bicycle every day.She goes to school on a bicycle every day.2、现在分词(也称“-ing”形)(a)原形动词词尾+“-ing”。
speak→sp eaking(说)study→studying(学习)go→going(去)(b)原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。
live→living(住)make→making(制造)(c)原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。
lie→lying(卧,躺)die→dying(死)(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。
plan→planning(计划)kid→kidding(开玩笑)get→getting(得到)stop→stopping(停止)put→putting(放置)shut→shutting(关闭)注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是visit →visiting(访问)begin →beginning(开始)(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。
动词的形式VerbsForms五种形式1 动词的基本形式动词的五种基本变化:原形;第三人称单数现在式(加-s, -es, -ies等);过去式;过去分词(1. 规则变化:加-ed,ied等;2.不规则变化:原型与过去式、过去分词同形或完全不同形)现在分词(加-ing)英语动词有五种基本形式,即原形动词、第三人称单数现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
原形:speak,cut,live,stduy第三人称单数现在式:speaks,cuts,lives,studies过去式:spoke,cut,lived,studied过去分词:spoken,cut,lived,studied现在分词:speaking,cutting,living,studying原形动词就是字典中或我们的教科书单词表中所给予的形式。
动词的过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种。
2 第三人称单数现在式的构成变化规则 -> 原型 -> 变化形式一般加-s-> listen, sleep->listens, sleeps词尾以字母s, x, ch, sh或以o结尾的加-es->pass, do, push->passes, does, pushes以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i再加-es-> study, try-> studies, tries3 规则动词过去式、过去分词的构成规则 -> 原形->过去式->过去分词过去分词一般情况加 ed-> work-> worked->worked词尾是不发音的e,加d-> like-> liked->liked词尾是“辅音字母+y”,则先改y为i再加ed-> study, try -> studied,tried ->studied,tried以清辅音结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,则先重复这个字母后加ed-> stop, plan -> stopped,planned ->stopped,planned3-1 词尾-ed有三种读法:读音 -> 范例-ed在[d] [t] 后读 [Id]-> needed [`nidId] , wanted[`wantId]在元音或[d] 外的浊辅音后读 [d]-> lived [ lIvd], played[pled]在除了[t]以外的清辅音后读[t]->helped[hεlpt],worked[wʒkt]3-2 动词的过去式重复词尾加 -ed的单词shop → shopped购买,买stop → stopped停(下)drop → dropped掉下来prefer → preferred宁可(而不)travel → travelled旅行3-3 以y 结尾, y前是辅音字母,去掉 y变i加-ed 的词carry → carried study → studiedworry → worried hurry → hurriedcopy → copied try → triedspy → spied fry → friedtidy → tidied cry → cried4 不规则动词占动词的少数,但有许多是常见词,不规则动词的形式有四种情况。
动词的单复数变化规则
动词的单复数变化规则基本如下:
1. 一般情况下,在英语中,动词的第三人称单数形式在词尾加上-s,例如:
- I walk.(我走。
)
- He walks.(他走。
)
2. 以辅音字母+“y”结尾的动词变复数时,将“y”变为“i”,再加-es,例如:
- I study.(我学习。
)
- They study.(他们学习。
)
3. 以“o”结尾的动词通常直接加上-es,例如:
- I go.(我去。
)
- They go.(他们去。
)
但是也有一些特殊的例外,例如:
- I do.(我做。
)
- They do.(他们做。
)
4. 以-s、-sh、-z、-ch及-x结尾的动词变复数时,在词尾加上-es,例如:
- I watch.(我看。
)
- They watch.(他们看。
)
5. 一些动词的复数形式与其单数形式完全不同,没有明确的规则,需要记忆,例如:
- I am.(我是。
)
- We are.(我们是。
)
- I have.(我有。
)
- They have.(他们有。
)
需要注意的是,动词的单复数变化规则在不同的时态和语态中可能有所不同。
词语变化一,动词1.第三人称单数用于一般现在时的句子,当动词在第三人称后时:5、记住最为特别的be的三单is ,have的三单是has。
[注意]a、下面两个动词变三单时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,要记忆。
如do/ du: / →does/ dʌz / ; say/ sei / → says / sez / 。
b、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s][z]时加“s”后字母“e”发音与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。
如:close→closes [iz]。
在中文中第三人称单数的三个“他”写法不一样,读音却相同。
但在英语中,三个“他”既有不同的读音,也有不同的写法,分别是he, she, it。
在第三人称后不能使用动词的原形,而要在相应的动词后加s或es。
2.动词过去式变化规则一、规则动词(Regullar Verbs) 的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:1. 一般的直接在词尾加-ed。
如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。
如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved smile--smiled; hope--hoped.注意:ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied.3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped planned;4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。
如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married worried; studied.注意:规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:在浊辅音和元音后面[d]called [kɔ:ld] borrowed[bɒrəʊd] moved[mu:vd]在清辅音后面[t] helped[helpt] passed[pa:st]在[t] [d]音后面[id] started['sta:tid] counted['kauntid]needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid]补充说明:二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法:1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。
一、动词单三形式的构成规则:①一般动词在词尾加-s②以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加-es③以元音字母+y结尾的动词,直接加s④以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es.二、规则动词的过去式变化如下:1)、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted2)、动词原形以(不发音的)-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped3)、动词原形以“辅元辅”结尾,先双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed(字母组合除外),如:stop ---stopped (批注: 动词原形词尾以“元音+-l, -r”,并为重读音节时,双写r,l,再加-ed, 如:compel, travel, prefer , refer)4)、动词原形以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried动词原形以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed,如:play---played enjoy--- enjoyed stay---stayed过去分词构成口诀:过去分词很好记,动词后缀加ed。
直接加、去e加、双写加。
还有一点要注意,Y前元辅不统一。
三、不规则动词的过去式的构成(不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
)1. 英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1)动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
2)动词原形与过去分词同形如:come(来)run(跑)become(成为)3)动词原形与过去分词同形give(给)fly(飞)drink(喝)see(看见)go(去)know(知道)4) 动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同5) 过去式和过去分词有两种形式2. 不规则动词的过去式具体变化规则:1). 把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。
动词变形归纳总结动词是语言中最基本的词类之一,它用于表示动作、状态和存在。
在中文中,动词的变形并不常见,而在英语等很多语言中,动词的变形是非常丰富的。
为了更好地理解和掌握动词的变形形式,本文将对常见的动词时态、语态、人称和数的变化进行总结。
一、时态变换时态是动词变形中最常见的一种形式。
在英语中,时态变化包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
下面是时态变换的汇总:1. 一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)- 肯定句:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数需加-s/-es)- 否定句:主语 + do/does not + 动词原形- 疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?2. 一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)- 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式- 否定句:主语 + did not + 动词原形- 疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?3. 一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)- 肯定句:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形- 否定句:主语 + will/shall not + 动词原形- 疑问句:Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形?二、语态变换语态表示动作的主动或被动关系。
在英语中,常见的语态有主动语态和被动语态。
下面是语态变换的归纳:1. 主动语态(Active Voice)- 肯定句:主语 + 动词原形- 否定句:主语 + do/does not + 动词原形- 疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?2. 被动语态(Passive Voice)- 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词- 否定句:主语 + am/is/are not + 过去分词- 疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词?三、人称和数的变化人称和数的变化表示动词随着主语的不同而发生的变化。
在英语中,常见的人称和数的变化有三种:第一人称(单数和复数)、第二人称(单数和复数)、第三人称(单数和复数)。
动词的五种变化规则表形式构成例词动词原形词典中一般给出的形式be, have, do, learn第三人称单数1、一般情况在动词后加s run--runs, like---likesWant--wants,help-helps2、以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加es teach--teaches, wash--washesGo-goes, guess-guesses3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加es study--studies, try--tries4、以元音字母加y结尾的动词后加s stay—stays, play--plays现在分词1、在动词后加ing read—reading cook-cooking2、以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing live—living write--writing3、以重读闭音节结尾的词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后再加ingsit—sitting begin--beginning4、以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加ing die-dying lie--lying过去式和过去分词1、动词原形加ed work--worked2、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed carry--carried3、以e结尾的动词,直接加d live--lived4、以重读闭音节结尾的词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后再加edstop—stopped plan--planned第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I you he she it we you they宾格me you him her it us you them形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselvesthemselves规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
动词的三单变化规则
动词的三单变化规则是指动词在不同时态,人称和数中的变化规律。
它也称为“动词变位法”或“三变形法”。
一般来说,动词的三单变化规则涉及时态、人称和数三方面的变化:
一、时态:
1. 一般现在时:动词的一般现在时态通常不做任何形式上的变化,就是本身的原形。
2. 第三人称单数形式:多数动词在第三人称单数形式中要加-s 或-es ,如:walk→walks;watch→watches;do→does。
3. 过去时:过去时态也分两类,一类是加-ed ,如:arrive→arrived;listen→listened;另一类是加不规则变化,如:go→went;come→came;take→took。
二、人称:
动词变位法中,人称变化分为两类:
1. 第一人称单数形式:在第一人称单数形式中,一般不做任何形式上的变化,就是本身的原形。
2. 第二人称单数形式:在第二人称单数形式中,多数动词也是加-s 或-es,如:walk→walks;
watch→watches;do→does。
三、数:
动词变位法中,数的变化也分两类:
1. 单数形式:在单数形式中,一般不需要做任何形式上的变化,就是本身的原形。
2. 复数形式:多数动词在复数形式中要加-s 或-
es ,如:walk→walks;watch→watches;do→does。
动词三单变化规则是学习英语的基础,理解并牢记它对英语学习者来说是非常重要的。
正确地掌握动词变位法将有助于学生更好地掌握英语,提高英语口语水平和写作能力。
不规则动词的变化
AAA型:动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形。
动词原形过去式过去分词
cost cost cost 值,花费
cut cut cut 割
fit fit fit 适合
hit hit hit 打,击,敲
hurt hurt hurt 损伤
let let let 让
put put put 放下
set set set 放,树立(榜样)shut shut shut 关闭
spread spread spread 展开,传开
read[ri:d] read[red] read[red] 读
ABB型:过去式与过去分词同形。
动词原形过去式过去分词
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建造
buy bought bought 买
catch caught caught 捉
deal dealt dealt 对付,经营
dig dug dug 掘,挖
feed fed fed 喂养,饲养
feel felt felt 觉得,摸
fight fought fought 打仗
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hear heard heard 听
keep kept kept 保持
hang hung hung 悬挂
have had had 有
hold held held 握住,举行
lay laid laid 放,下(蛋)
lead led led 领导,带领
leave left left 离开
lend lent lent 借出
lose lost lost 失去
make made made 作,做
mean meant meant 意欲,意味着meet met met 遇见
pay paid paid 付
say said said 说
sell sold sold 卖
send sent sent 送
shine shone shone 照耀,使发光sit sat sat 坐
sleep slept slept 睡
spell spelt spelt 拼写
spend spent spent 花费
stand stood stood 站
strike struck struck(stricken)打
sweep swept swept 扫
teach taught taught 教
tell told told 告诉
think thought thought 想
understand understood understood 了解
ABA型:动词原形与过去分词同形。
动词原形过去式过去分词
become became become 变,成为
come came come 来
run ran run 跑
ABC型:动词原形、过去式、过去分词均不同形。
动词原形过去式过去分词
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹
break broke broken 打破,折断
choose chose chosen 选择
do did done 做,干
draw drew drawn 拉,画
drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 驾驶,驱赶
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下,倒下
fly flew flown 飞
freeze froze frozen 结冰
give gave given 给
go went gone 去
grow grew grown 生长
hide hid hidden 隐藏
know knew known 知道
lie lay lain 躺
ride rode ridden 骑
ring rang rung 响
rise rose risen 起立,起床,升起
see saw seen 看见
shake shook shaken 握(手),摇(头)sing sang sung 唱
speak spoke spoken 说话
steal stole stolen 偷
swim swam swum 游泳
take took taken 拿
throw threw thrown 抛,扔
wear wore worn 穿
write wrote written 写
此外,有些不规则动词的过去式、过去分词有两种变化。
如:动词原形过去式过去分词
bite bit bit/bitten 咬
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 燃烧
forget forgot forgot/forgotten 忘记
show showed shown/showed 表明
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned 学习
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅到
wake woke/waked woken/waked 醒,醒来。