FM 1-52 revised - I N A PRIL

User's GuideSLOU175A–June2005–Revised August2005This user's guide provides an overview of the Texas Instruments TPA6020A2audio amplifier evaluation module(TPA6020A2EVM).It includes a list of EVM features,abrief,illustrated description of the module,and a list of EVM specifications.Contents1Introduction (2)2Operation (3)3Related Documentation From Texas Instruments (7)List of Figures1TI TPA6020A2Audio Amplifier Evaluation Module (2)2Quick Start Module Map (3)3TPA6020A2EVM Connected for Stereo BTL Output (4)4TPA6020A2EVM Schematic Diagram (5)5TPA6020A2Evaluation Module Top Layer (6)6TPA6020A2Evaluation Module Bottom Layer (6)List of Tables1TPA6020A2EVM Parts List (5)200511Introduction 1.1Feature Highlights1.2DescriptionIntroductionThe Texas Instruments (TI)TPA6020A2audio amplifier evaluation module includes the following features:•TPA6020A2Stereo,Low-Voltage,Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module –Stereo–Fully differential amplifier–Dual-channel,bridge-tied load (BTL)– 2.5-V to 5.5-V operation– 2.8-W per channel output power into 3Ωat 5V,BTL –Internal depop and quick start-up circuitry –Internal thermal and short-circuit protection –Module gain is set at 2V/VThe TPA6020A2audio power amplifier evaluation module is a complete,stereo,low-power,dual-channel,audio power amplifier.It consists of the TI TPA6020A22.8-W,low-voltage,audio power amplifier IC along with a small number of other parts mounted on a circuit board that is approximately 2-in.long by 1.5-in.wide (see Figure 1).Figure 1.TI TPA6020A2Audio Amplifier Evaluation ModuleSingle in-line header pins are mounted to the underside of the module circuit board.These pins allow the EVM to be wired directly into existing circuits and equipment.220051.3TPA6020A2EVM Specifications2Operation2.1Quick Start List forStand-AloneOperationUNITV DD Supply voltage range 2.5V to5.5V Power supply current rating required 2.5AContinuous output power,Stereo,BTL,V DD=5V,R L=3Ω 2.8WV I Audio input voltage0V to V DD,maxZ L Minimum load impedance3ΩFollow these steps to use the TPA6020A2EVM stand-alone or when connecting it into existing circuits or equipment.Connections to the TPA6020A2module header pins can be made via individual sockets,wire-wrapping,or soldering to the pins on either the top or the bottom of the module circuit board. Numbered callouts for selected steps are shown in Figure2.Figure2.Quick Start Module Map•Power Supply1)Select and connect the power supply:2)Connect an external regulated power supply set to5V to the module V DD and GND pins,takingcare to observe marked polarity.•Inputs and Outputs3)Ensure that signal source level is set to minimum.200532.2ReferencesLeftRightPower Audio Input LeftAudio Input RightOperation4)Connect the right (left)positive lead from the audio source to the module RIN+(LIN+)pin and the negative lead to the RIN-(LIN-)pin.5)Connect the SHDN pin to a voltage source for external control.Otherwise,SHDN will be controlled by the normally open switch,S1,on the EVM.6)Connect a 3-Ωto 32-Ωspeaker to the module LOUT+and LOUT-pins,and an identical speaker to the module ROUT+and ROUT-pins.•Power Up7)Verify that voltage and input polarity are correct,and set the external power supply to on.The EVM begins operation.8)Adjust the signal source level as needed.2.2.1TPA6020A2EVM Connected for Stereo BTL OutputFigure 3.TPA6020A2EVM Connected for Stereo BTL Output42005LIN+ LIN−SHDNRIN+ RIN−LOUT−LOUT+ROUT−ROUT+Operation2.2.2TPA6020A2EVM Schematic DiagramFigure4.TPA6020A2EVM Schematic Diagram2.2.3TPA6020A2Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Parts ListTable1.TPA6020A2EVM Parts ListReference Description Size Qty.Manufacturer/Vendor/Part Number Part Number R1,R2,R3,Resistor,20kΩ,1/16W,1%06034Panasonic Digi-KeyR4ERJ-3EKF2002V P20.0KHCT-ND R5Resistor,100kΩ,1/16W,1%06031Panasonic Digi-KeyERJ-3EKF1003V PCS100KHCT-ND C1,C2,C3,Capacitor,0.22µF,10V,X5R,10%06034Panasonic Digi-KeyC4ECJ-1VB1A224K PCC1749CT-ND C5,C6Capacitor,0.1µF,16V,X7R,10%06032Panasonic Digi-KeyECJ-1VB1C104K PCC1762CT-ND C7,C8Capacitor,1.0µF,10V,Y5V,+80/-20%06032Panasonic Digi-KeyECJ-1VF1A105Z PCC1787CT-ND C9Capacitor,10µF,6.3V,Tantalum,20%A1Panasonic Digi-KeyECS-TOJY106R PCS1106CT-ND U1IC,TPA6020A2,audio amplifier,2.8W,stereo20-pin1TIQFN TPA6020A2RGW S1Switch,normally open,low-force,mom1Panasonic Digi-KeyEVQ-PPBA25P8086SCT-ND Terminal Post Headers11Sullins Digi-KeyPTC36SABN S1022-36-ND PCB1PCB,TPA6020A2EVM120055 Operation2.2.4TPA6020A2Evaluation Module PCB LayersThe following illustrations depict the TPA6020A2EVM,PCB These drawings are not to scale.Gerber plots can be obtained from the TI Web site atFigure5.TPA6020A2Evaluation Module Top LayerFigure6.TPA6020A2Evaluation Module Bottom Layer62005Related Documentation From Texas Instruments 3Related Documentation From Texas Instruments•TPA6020A2,2.8-W Stereo Fully Differential Audio Power Amplifier This is the data sheetfor the TPA6020A2audio amplifier integrated circuit.20057FCC WarningsThis equipment is intended for use in a laboratory test environment only.It generates,uses,and can radiate radio frequency energy and has not been tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to subpart J of part15of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio frequency interference.Operation of this equipment in other environments may cause interference with radio communications,in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct this interference.EVM IMPORTANT NOTICETexas Instruments(TI)provides the enclosed product(s)under the following conditions:This evaluation kit being sold by TI is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be fit for commercial use.As such,the goods being provided may not be complete in terms of required design-,marketing-,and/or manufacturing-related protective considerations,including product safety measures typically found in the end product incorporating the goods.As a prototype,this product does not fall within the scope of the European Union directive on electromagnetic compatibility and therefore may not meet the technical requirements of the directive.Should this evaluation kit not meet the specifications indicated in the EVM User's Guide,the kit may be returned within30days from the date of delivery for a full refund.THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,EXPRESSED,IMPLIED,OR STATUTORY,INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods.Further,the user indemnifies TI from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods.Please be aware that the products received may not be regulatory compliant or agency certified(FCC,UL,CE,etc.).Due to the open construction of the product,it is the user's responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge.EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THE INDEMNITY SET FORTH ABOVE,NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE Liable to the other FOR ANY INDIRECT,SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL,OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.TI currently deals with a variety of customers for products,and therefore our arrangement with the user is not exclusive.TI assumes no liability for applications assistance,customer product design,software performance,or infringement of patents or services described herein.Please read the EVM User's Guide and,specifically,the EVM Warnings and Restrictions notice in the EVM User's Guide prior to handling the product.This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages.For further safety concerns,please contact the TI application engineer.Persons handling the product must have electronics training and observe good laboratory practice standards.No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any machine,process,or combination in which such TI products or services might be or are used.EVM WARNINGS AND RESTRICTIONSIt is important to operate this EVM within the input voltage range of2.5V to5.5V.Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM.If there are questions concerning the input range,please contact a TI field representative prior to connecting the input power.Applying loads outside of the specified output range may result in unintended operation and/or possible permanent damage to the EVM.Please consult the EVM User's Guide prior to connecting any load to the EVM output.If there is uncertainty as to the load specification,please contact a TI field representative.During normal operation,some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than85°C.The EVM is designed to operate properly with certain components above85°C as long as the input and output ranges are maintained.These components include but are not limited to linear regulators,switching transistors,pass transistors,and current sense resistors.These types of devices can be identified using the EVM schematic located in the EVM User's Guide.When placing measurement probes near these devices during operation,please be aware that these devices may be very warm to the touch.Mailing Address:Texas Instruments,Post Office Box655303,Dallas,Texas75265Copyright©2005,Texas Instruments IncorporatedIMPORTANT NOTICETexas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries(TI)reserve the right to make corrections,modifications,enhancements, improvements,and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete.All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty.Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty.Except where mandated by government requirements,testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design.Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components.To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications,customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.TI does not warrant or represent that any license,either express or implied,is granted under any TI patent right,copyright,mask work right,or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination,machine,or process in which TI products or services are rmation published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement e of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party,or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. Reproduction of information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties,conditions,limitations,and notices.Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice.TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation.Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice.TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications(such as life support)where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death,unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use.Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications,and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal,regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications,notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI.Further,Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications.TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or"enhanced plastic."Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications.Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk,and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS16949requirements.Buyers acknowledge and agree that,if they use anynon-designated products in automotive applications,TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements. 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LBI-38229EDESCRIPTIONThe Console Interface board is mounted behind the Ana-log V oter (Refer to LBI-38676) and contains a 2175 Hz tone detector and line interfaces. This board allows routing of voted and console audio with the proper Secur-it/hold tone.A block diagram of the Console Interface board is shown in Figure 1.The board detects the 2175 Hz tone which is required to provide the dispatch console override feature in EDACS vot-ing. In normal voter operation, 2175 Hz is generated and bridged across the voted audio phone line going to the sta-tion control panel. The tone acts as a transmit keep-alive sig-nal which lets the station know the condition of the control link.When the console operator wishes to preempt a transmis-sion in progress, the console is keyed on the group transmis-sion. The 2175 Hz tone that is superimposed on the console audio is detected by the Console Interface board, and acti-vates the carrier-operated relay (COR) in the Analog V oter. This relay switches the audio lines going to the control panel.MAINTENANCE MANUAL CONSOLE INTERFACE BOARD 19D438451G1FOREDACS® VOTER APPLICATIONSericssonz Ericsson, Inc.Private Radio SystemsMountain View RoadLynchburg, Virginia 245021-800-528-7711 (Outside USA 804-528-7711)Printed in U.S.A.2175 HZ TONE DETECTORThe detector senses the audio line coming from the console and, upon detecting a 2175 Hz tone, will control the carrier-op-erated relay (COR) of the Analog V oter. This causes console audio (in place of voter audio) to be routed to the main site. The digital voter selector also monitors the COR control line, and therefore knows when the console has preempted the line.Audio input from the dispatch console comes through J1-9 and J1-10 (PHONE IN). Surge suppression is provided by E1 and E2. The console audio is coupled to a bandpass filter (U3A & U3B) through transformer T1. The two-pole bandpass filter has a broad bandwidth centered at 2175 Hz. This provides pre-filtering and overload protection for the high-Q filter which follows. The output from the filter is coupled through unity-gain buffer U3C which drives the active bandpass filter (AR1 and FL1). Recovered 2175 Hz from the filter is present at test point TP3.Transistor Q2 provides a gain of three and buffers the filter output. The amplified signal is ac coupled through C10 to the base of Q3. Transistor Q3 acts as a positive-peak detector. When the base of Q3 is driven positive, the transistor conducts discharging C12 which is at a quiescent 10-volt level. During periods of non-conduction, C12 charges through R28 and R29.At a certain level of Q3 conduction, the average voltage on C12 will be low enough to turn on Q4 through R27 and volt-age divider R28/R29.When Q4 conducts, the base of Q3 is biased higher, in-creasing conduction. This provides a snap-action pick up or hysteresis. One input of comparator U3D is tied through R31 to capacitor C12. The other input (U3D-12) is held at 5 volts by voltage divider R30/R32. When the voltage level on C12 drops below 5 volts, the output of the comparator (U3D-14)will go high indicating detection of 2175 Hz tone and causingthe TONE DETECT (J1-04) line to go high. Inverter Q7 pro-vides an inverted TONE DETECT signal (J1-08) that is used insome applications. Jumper P2 allows Q7 to be used as an inde-pendent inverter.POWER DISTRIBUTIONThe Console Interface board obtains 25 Vdc power fromthe Analog V oter through J1-5. The 25-volt supply feeds the in-put of a 10-volt linear regulator (U2). Resistors R62 and R63bias U2 for 10-volt regulation at U2-2. The 10-volt regulatedoutput is used to supply power to most of the circuitry on theboard. A 5-volt reference is obtained from the 10-volt linethrough voltage divider R36/R37. The reference is used to biasop-amp U3.TEST AND TROUBLESHOOTINGThe test procedure contained in this section should be usedto verify proper operation of the Console Interface board. Thetest may also be used as an aid in troubleshooting to isolate aproblem to a stage or component.Equipment RequiredThe following equipment is required for performing thetest procedure.Power Supply, 25 ± 1 Vdc, 50 mADistortion AnalyzerV oltmeterSignal Generator, 2175/2460/1970 ± 3 HzJumpersTest ProcedureSet up the Console Interface board under test as shown inFigure 2. Follow the test procedure in Table 1.Copyright© November 1988, General Electric CompanyFigure 1 - Console Interface Board Block Diagram Figure 2 - Preliminary Test Set UpTable 1 - TEST PROCEDURELBI-382291CONSOLE INTERFACE BOARD HARNESS OUTLINE DIAGRAMCIB INTERCONNECT HARNESS 19B235004G8 (Refer to LBI-38420)(19C336922, Sh. 1, Rev. 0)CONSOLE INTERFACE BOARD 19D438451G1(19D438451, Sh. 1, Rev. 4)(19D438450, Rev. 2A)COMPONENT SIDELBI-382292PARTS LISTSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM PRODUCTION CHANGESChanges in the equipment performance or to simplify circuits are identified by a "Revision Let-ter", which is stamped after the model number of the unit. The revision stamped on the unit in-cludes all previous revisions. Refer to the Parts List for the descriptions of parts affected by these revisions.REV. A - Console Interface Board 19D438451G1T o improve tone detection, capacitor C12 was changed from 0.1 µF to µF .Old part number was: T644ACP410K.REV. B - Console Interface Board 19D438451G1In some applications, the main level on the line input from the switch may cause the COR of the analog voter to chatter. A jumper option is provided to allow a gain reduc-tion of 10 dB.R70 was added (H212CRP315C).P3 was added (19A704852P1).REV. C - Console Interface Board 19D438451G1T o remove unused circuitry.CONSOLE INTERFACE BOARD19D438451G1ISSUE 4* COMPONENTS ADDED, DELETED OR CHANGED BY PRODUCTION CHANGESCONSOLE INTERFACE BOARD19D438451G1(19D438449, Sh. 1, Rev. 4)LBI-382293。

Starter kit - sampler for 1,3-butadiene and isoprene (Cat. No. RAD141S)CAUTION: Do not swallow. Do not smoke. Wash the hands thoroughly after use. Avoid contact with the eyes, skin and clothes. In case of contact with eyes, flush with large amounts of running water for at least 15 minutes. See MSDS for complete safety information.PrincipleThe starter kit for sampling 1,3-butadiene and isoprene (thermal desorption) contains the following:− 2 graphitised carbon (Carbopack X) cartridges withbarcode labels (sample + blank, Cat. No. RAD141) − 1 yellow diffusive body (Cat. No. RAD1202)− 1 support plate (separate parts, Cat. No. RAD121)− 1 vertical adapter for personal sampling (Cat. No. RAD122)It allows the sampling of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene by diffusion through a high-thickness microporous polyethylene membrane (part code RAD1202) and adsorption onto a graphitised carbon (Carbiopack X 40/60 mesh) cylindrical cartridge (part code RAD141). The analytes are recovered by thermal desorption, then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Procedure for sampling and analysis1) Assemble the support plate: insert the clip strip in the slot, plyand insert the peg into the hole; peel off the transparent pocket and adhere it onto the plate in a central position.2) Take one cartridge, draw it out of its storage glass tube andplace it in the diffusive body. Keep the glass tube and stopper to restore the cartridge after sampling. Keep the second cartridge to be analysed as a blank.3) Be sure that the cartridge iscorrectly centred in the diffusive body ensuring that the cartridge lays completely inside. If the cartridge is sticking out, gently tap on the diffusive body.4) While keeping the diffusive body in vertical position, screw it onto the support plate.5) Expose your sampler. For outdoor sampling, use of a shelter (Cat. No. RAD196) is recommended. 6) Record the date and time of start of exposure on the barcode label (AVOIDING THE USE OFMARKER PENS, which contain solvents!) and place it in the sampler’s pocket.7) Once the exposure is finished, unscrew the diffusive body and transfer the exposed cartridge back inits original storage glass tube.8) Record the date and time of end of exposure, place the adhesive label onto the glass tube so that thebarcode is parallel to the axis of the tube.The recommended analytical procedure includes:− Thermal desorption by commercial thermal desorption apparatuses (i.e. Perkin Elmer, Dani,Markes…): the outer diameter of Cat. No. RAD141 cartridges is fitted to the inner diameter of most stainless steel desorption tubes that have a ID of 4.9 mm;− GC/MS determination, split injection, external standard quantitation.Typical analytical conditions are listed below as guidelines. Adjust the temperature program in order to separate and elute all the compounds present in your samples. Look at the possible presence of 1-butene, 2-butene (trans and cis ), 2-methyl-1-propene (isobutylene), which show the ion 54 a.m.u. in their mass spectra and thus could interfere with 1,3-butadiene quantitation (see below).Automated thermal desorberCarrier gas: Helium at 12 psi Primary desorption temperature: 320 °C for 6 min Total primary desorption flow-rate: 120 ml·min -1Inlet split flow-rate: 100 ml·min-1Outlet split flow-rate: 40 ml·min-1Overall split ratio: 1:150 Valve temperature: 150 °CCold trap packing: Tenax TA 60/80 mesh Cold trap temperature: -20 °C Secondary desorption temperature: 290 °C for 1 min Transfer line temperature: 200 °C GC/MS system Column: any capillary column capable of separating permanent gases Column temperature program: 80 °C, 0.5 min; 25°C•min-1 to 175°C;stand for 4 min; 25 °C•min-1 to 250°C; 7 minTotal run time: 20 minMS mode: SCAN from 25 to 250 a.m.u. EM setting: autotune value Target ions for quantitation: 54 a.m.u. (1,3-butadiene), 67 a.m.u. (isoprene)Analyse the samples in your laboratory following the guidelines reported in the manual (http:// /english/cov_term_en.htm) or send them in for analysis by Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri – Centro di Ricerche Ambientali – Via Svizzera, 16 – 35127 PADOVA (ITALY). Details on the analytical service provided by the Fondazione are available on the web site /english/LabService.htm.Uptake ratesThe values of diffusive uptake rate were experimentally measured at 20°C (273 K) and 1013 hPa in a standard atmosphere chamber.The uptake rate for 1,3-butadiene in workplace air is 30.5 ± 0.3 ml·min -1 (nominal value at a concentration level between 114 and 226 µg/m 3 for 8-hour exposures). For longer term sampling (e.g. 7 days) of 1,3-butadiene please refer to Strandberg et al. (1) (2).For isoprene the uptake rate is 41.2 ± 4.9 ml·min -1 (best estimate in the range 2 – 6,680 µg/m 3 for exposures from 30 to 480 min).Effect of temperature and humidityBoth temperature and relative humidity affects the uptake rate for 1,3-butadiene. If the temperature decreases to 5 °C, the bias is + 12.9% at 20% RH or -2.4% at 80% RH, with respect to 20 °C and 50% RH. Avoid sampling at temperatures as high as 40 °C, because the uptake rate shows a significant decrease.The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the uptake rate for isoprene is lower: at low temperature and humidity (5°C, 21% RH) the uptake rate is 10% higher, while at high temperature and humidity (41°C, 77% RH) there is a 23% decrease.Do not expose the Radiello sampler directly to rain. Always use the shelter Cat. No. RAD196 when sampling outdoors, to avoid water entering the membrane and wetting the sorbent.CalculationsThe mean concentration C over the exposure time interval is calculated from the mass of analyte found onto the cartridge (corrected for the blank, if any) and from the exposure time, using the above values of the uptake rate, as follows31[][][][min ][min]1,000,000g b g g m ml m m C U t µµµ−−−⋅⋅⋅=⋅where:m = mass of analyte in µg m b = mass of blank in µg U = uptake rate in ml · min -1 t = exposure time in minutesThe desorption efficiency, determined by repeated desorption of the same tube, is higher than 99.9% for both compounds. Therefore, there is no need of introducing correction factors.Limit of quantitationBlank response, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) depend on the instrumentation and on the analytical conditions. Under the analytical conditions specified above, the blank value is not detectable, i.e. less than 0.5 ng for both compounds.The LOQ for 8-hour workplace exposure is 0.1 µg/m 3. For 7-day ambient air exposure the LOQ is 0.03 µg/m 3; see also Strandberg et al. (2)Measurement uncertaintyThe following table shows the values of the uncertainty in the measurements of 1,3-butadiene in workplace, assessed by two different approaches. The uncertainties were first determined under laboratory conditions , following the methods of the ISO GUM (Guide to Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1993) and ISO 5725:1994 (Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results ). In this case, the uncertainty accounts for all contributions involved in the whole measurement process (effect of time, T, RH on uptake rate, uncertainty of measured mass and so on), which were determined according to EN 838:1995. Afterwards, the uncertainty was determined by a field comparison with the method OSHA 56 (as the reference method), following the standard ISO 13752.Measurement uncertainty for 8-hour diffusive sampling of 1,3-butadiene in workplace air Relative combined expanded uncertainty (2·u c ) 200 µg/m 3 442 µg/m 3 (0.1 TLV)2.210 µg/m 3 (0.5 TLV)4.420 µg/m 3(TLV-TWA ACGIH)Laboratory tests at 20 °C, 50% RH (EN 838, calculations by ISO GUM) 48.4 % Field comparison (ISO 13752) 37.0 %25.0 %11.1 %7.9 %Shelf lifeKept in a cool place and away from volatile organic compounds, the cartridges maintain unchanging blank level and adsorbing capacity for at least eighteen months. Expiry date and lot number are printed onto the plastic envelope wrapping each cartridge: its integrity stands as warranty seal. Expired adsorbent cartridges can be re-conditioned. It is recommended to run a blank analysis for cleanliness. See analytical protocol above. The leak test, performed according to EN 838, at 100 ppb for 8 hours, showed no detectable uptake of the analytes by new, sealed cartridges.References1) Strandberg et al. Atmos. Environ. 39(2005), 4101-4110. 2) Strandberg et al. Atmos. Environ. 40(2006), 7686-7695.。

D R I L L S2001N O T E SiI N D E XFractional Sizes,118°Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1600 . . . . .1Fractional Diameters,118°Point,Bright .1600 . . . . .1Fractional Diameters,118°Point,TiN Coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1600 . . . . .1Wire Sizes,118°Point,Surface Treated .1601 . . . . .2Wire Sizes,118°Point,Bright . . . . . . . .1601 . . . . .2Wire Sizes,118°Point,TiN Coated . . . . .1601 . . . . .2Letter Sizes,118°Point,Surface Treated .1602 . . . . .3Letter Sizes,118°Point,Bright . . . . . . .1602 . . . . .3Letter Sizes,118°Point,TiN Coated . . . .1602 . . . . .3Metric Sizes,118°Point,Surface Treated 1603 . . . .4–6Metric Sizes,118°Point,Bright . . . . . . .1603 . . . .4–6J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H E A V Y D U T YHigh Speed SteelFractional Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1604 . . . . .7Fractional Diameters,135°Split Point,TiN Coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1604 . . . . .7Wire Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1605 . . . . .8Wire Sizes,135°Split Point,TiN Coated .1605 . . . . .8Letter Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1605-A . . . .9Letters Sizes,135°Split TiN Coated . . .1605-A . . . .9CobaltFractional Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1606 . . . .10Wire Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1607 . . . .11Letter Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1608 . . . .12Fractional Sizes,118°Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1609 . . .13–14Fractional Sizes,118°Point,Bright . . . . .1609 . . .13–14Wire Sizes,118°Point,Surface Treated .1610 . . . .15Letter Sizes,118°Point,Bright . . . . . . .1611 . . . .16S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H S , H E A V Y D U T YHigh Speed SteelFractional Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1612 . . . .17Fractional Sizes,135°Split Point,TiN Coated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1612 . . . .17Wire Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1613 . . . .18Wire Sizes,135°Split Point,TiN Coated .1613 . . . .18Letter Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1614 . . . .19CobaltFractional Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1615 . . . .20Wire Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1616 . . . .21Letter Sizes,135°Split Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1617. . . .22R E D U C E D S H A N KHigh Speed Steel1/2" Round Shank S &D,118°Point,Surface Treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1618 . . . .23S E T SDrill Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1619 . . .24–25LIST STYLENO.PAGE Drill Feeds And Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Trouble Shooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Tap Drill Sizes For Metric Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . .34Hardness Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35LIST STYLENO.PAGEI N D E XSurface TreatedTiN Coatedii1J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E LG E N E R A L P U R P O S E , J O B B E R S L E N G T H D R I L L118°P o i n t , S u r f a c e T r e a t e d , B r i g h t , o r T i N C o a t e dG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SDesigned for portable and machine drilling in a broad range of steel,ferrous and non-ferrous materials (bright finish in non-ferrous),under many different conditions.TiN coating with increased surface hardness allows for extended tool life,greater lubricity,betterchip ejection,increased productivity,and lower horsepower requirements.J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L2J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L3L e t t e r S i z e sG e n e r a l P u r p o s e , 118°P o i n tP A C K A G I N GA to N — 12 per package O to Z — 6 per packageEDP NO.EDP NO.J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L4c o n t i n u e dM E T R I C , J O B B E R S L E N G T H D R I L L118°P o i n t (M a n u f a c t u r e d t o D I N S t a n d a r d s ),B r i g h t F i n i s h t o .50, S u r f a c e T r e a t e d .55 a n d L a r g e rG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SDesigned for portable and machine drilling in a broad range of steel,ferrous and non-ferrous materials (bright finish in non-ferrous),under many different conditions.TiN coating with increased surface hardness allows for extended tool life,greater lubricity,better chip ejection,increased productivity,and lower horsepower requirements.J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L5c o n t i n u ed Me t r i c S i z e sG e n e r a l P u r p o s e , 118°P o i n tFLUTE LENGTHOVERALL LENGTH EDP NO.c o n t i n u ed FLUTE LENGTH OVERALL LENGTH EDP NO.c o n t i n u e dJ O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L6J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E LM E D I U M D U T Y , J O B B E R S L E N G T H D R I L L135°S p l i t P o i n t , S u r f a c e T r e a t e d o r T i N C o a t e dG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SMedium duty aircraft type B drills are designed for more demanding applications.The 135°split point is self-centering,reduces thrust is quick start-ing and highly accurate.ideal for portable or machine drilling of low tensile strength alloy material and stainless steels.TiN coating with increased surface hardness allows for extended tool life,greater lubricity,better chip ejection,increased productivity,and lower horsepower requirements.J O B B E R S L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LJ O B B E R S L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LH E A V Y D U T Y,J O B B E R S L E N G T H D R I L L135°S p l i t P o i n t,S t r a w F i n i s hG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SHeavy duty aircraft type J drills are designed for tough,high tensile strength materials such as PH stainless steel, titanium,and inconel.The heat resistant cobalt material in combination with the 135°degree self-centering split point reduces thrust,is quick starting and highly accurate.Ideal for machine drilling.J O B B E R S L E N G T H,C O B A L T H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E Lc o n t i n u e dG E N E R A L P U R P O S E , S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H D R I L L H i g h S p e e d S t e e l , 118°P o i n t , S u r f a c e T r e a t e dG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SPrimarily used in screw machines.Shorter flute and overall length provides increase rigidity in machine drilling resulting in lessdeflection,increased tool life,and better hole accuracy.Designed to drill in a wide variety of low tensile strength materials.S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E LH E A V Y D U T Y , S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H D R I L L 135°S p l i t P o i n t , S u r f a c e T r e a t e d o r T i N C o a t e dG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SHeavy duty,aircraft type C drills are ideal for portable drilling.The 135°split point is self-centering,reduces thrust,and is quick starting.The short rugged constructions performs will in a broad range of materials in the iron and steel families.TiN coating with increased surface hardness allowsfor extended tool life,greater lubricity,better chip ejection,increased productivity,and lower horsepower requirements.S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,C O B A L T H I G H S P E E D S T E E Lrugged construction performs well in a broad range of materials especially high alloys and work hardened material.T5F r a c t i o n a l S i z e sH e a v y D u t y,135°S p l i t P o i n tP A C K A G I N G1/16 to 19/64 — 12 per envelope5/16 to 1/2 — 6 per envelopeEDP NO.SIZE EQUIV.LENGTH LENGTH FINISH1/16.06255/81-5/8687005/64.078111/161-11/16687013/32.09383/41-3/4687027/64.109413/161-13/16687031/8.12507/81-7/8687049/64.140615/161-15/1668705S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,C O B A L T H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,C O B A L T H I G H S P E E D S T E E LR E D U C E D S H A N K D R I L L S , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L1/2 RO U N D S H A N K S & D D R I L L , R E D U C E D S H A N K D R I L LH i g h S p e e d S t e e l , 118°P o i n t , S u r f a c e T r e a t e dG E N E R A L F E A T U R E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N SFor use in a 1/2" diameter portable drill chuck.Precision ground for a high degree of concentricity between the shank and body diameter.Ideal for drilling in low and medium tensile mon flute and overall lengths allow for minimal adjustment during tool change.S E T S118°J O B B E R S L E N G T H,G E N E R A L P U R P O S E,H I G H S P E E D S T E E L118°M E T R I C J O B B E R S L E N G T H,G E N E R A L P U R P O S E,H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS E T S135°M E D I U M D U T Y , J O B B E R S L E N G T H , H I G H S P E E D S T E E L135°H E A V Y D U T Y , J O B B E R S L E N G T H , C O B A L T H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS E T S118°G E N E R A L P U R P O S E,S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E L135°M E D I U M D U T Y,S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,H I G H S P E E D S T E E L135°H E A V Y D U T Y,S C R E W M A C H I N E L E N G T H,C O B A L T H I G H S P E E D S T E E LS E T S27118°1/2 R E D U C E D S H A N K , H I G H S P E E D S T E E LT E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O N28D RI L L N O M E N C L A T U R EAxis – The imaginary straight line which forms the longitudinal center line of the drill.Back Taper – A slight decrease in diameter from front to back in the body of the drill.Body – The portion of the drill extending from the shank or neck to the outer corners of the cutting lips.Body Diameter Clearance – That portion of the land that has been cut away so it will not rub against the walls of the hole.Chisel Edge – The edge at the end of the web that connects the cut-ting lips.Chisel Edge Angle – The angle included between the chisel edge and the cutting lip,as viewed from the end of the drill.Clearance – The space provided to eliminate undesirable contact between the drill and the workpiece.Clearance Diameter – The diameter over the cut away portion of the drill lands.Drill Diameter – The diameter over the margins of the drill measured at the point.Flutes – Helical or straight grooves in the body of the drill to provide cutting lips,permit removal of chips and allow coolant to reach the cutting lips.Flute Length – The length from the outer corners of the cutting lips to the extreme back end of the flutes.Helix Angle – The angel made by the leading edge of the land with a plane containing the axis of the drill.Land – the peripheral portion of the body between adjacent nd Width – The distance between the leading edge and the heel of the land measured at a right angle to the leading edge.Lead – The axial advance of the leading edge of the land in one turnaround the circumference.Lips – The cutting edges of a two-flute drill extending from the chisel edge to the periphery.Lip Relief – The axial relief angle at the outer corner of the lip.It is measured by projection into a plane,tangent to the periphery,at the outer corner of the lip.Margin – The cylindrical portion of the land which is not cut away to provide clearance.Overall Length – The length from the extreme end of the shank to the outer corners of the cutting lips.It does not include the conical shank end,often used on straight shank drills,or the conical cutting point.Point – The cutting end of a drill,made up of the ends of the lands and the web.In form it resembles a cone but departs from a true cone to furnish clearance behind the cutting lips.Point Angle – The angle included between the cutting lips,projected upon a plane parallel to the drill axis and parallel to the two cutting lips.Relative Lip Height – The difference in indicator reading between the cutting lips of the drill.It is measured at a right angle to the cutting lip at a specific distance from the axis of the drill.Relief –The result of the removal of tool material behind the cutting lip and leading edge of the land to provide clearance and prevent rub-bing.Web – The central portion of the body that joins the lands.The extreme end of the web forms the chisel edge on a two-flute drill.Web Thickness – The thickness of the web at the point,unless anoth-er specific location is specified.Web Thinning – The operation of reducing the web thickness,at the point,to reduce drilling thrust.T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O NS P E E D S F O R D R I L L I N GCUTTING POINTSPEED POINT ANGLEMATERIAL BEING DRILLED(SFM)STYLE(DEGREES)FEED RATE Aluminum Alloys200-300Conventional118Medium to Heavy Magnesium Alloys200-300Conventional118Medium to Heavy Brass and Bronze75-150Conventional118Medium to Heavy Cast IronSoft75-125Conv.or Split118 or 135Medium to Heavy Medium Hard50-100Conv.or Split118 or 135MediumHard Chilled10-20Conventional118Light to Medium Malleable75-125Conv.or Split118 or 135MediumSteelMild,.2 to .3 Carbon50-100Conventional118Medium to Heavy Medium,.4 to .5 Carbon45-80Conventional118MediumTool,1.2 Carbon40-60Conventional118MediumForgings40-60Conventional118MediumAlloy,300 to 400 BHN20-30Conv.or Split118 or 135MediumHigh TensileRc 35-4030-40Conv.or Split118 or 135MediumRc 40-4525-35Conv.or Split118 or 135MediumRc 45-5015-25Conv.or Split118 or 135Light to Medium Rc 50-557-15Conv.or Split118 or 135Light to Medium Maraging,Heat Treated7-20Conv.or Split118 or 135MediumMaraging,Annealed40-55Conv.or Split118 or 135Light to Medium Titanium AlloysCommercially Pure50-60Heavy Duty Split135Medium5AI-2Sn,8Al-1 Mo-1V20-45Heavy Duty Split135Medium2Fe-2Cr-Mo Annealed6Al-4V,4Al-4Mn,7Al-4Mo20-35Heavy Duty Split135Medium5Al-2Sn,8Al-1Mo-1V15-20Heavy Duty Split135Medium2Fe-2Cr-Mo SolutionTreated and AgedHigh Temperature AlloysCobalt Base,HS25,S816,V367-20Heavy Duty Split135MediumINCO 800,A286,N1557-20Heavy Duty Split135MediumNickel Base,Inconel 700,5-15Heavy Duty Split135MediumU500,Rene 41Monel Metal30-50Heavy Duty Split135Medium Stainless SteelFree Machining,303,416,42030-100Heavy Duty Split135MediumAustenitic,300 Series20-60Heavy Duty Split135MediumFerritic,400 Series20-60Heavy Duty Split135MediumMartensitic,Heat Treated10-30Heavy Duty Split135MediumPlastics and Related Materials100-200Low Angle90Medium to Heavy Zinc Alloys150-250Conventional118Medium to Heavy The speeds shown are for average conditions where coolant can be efficiently applied.Where the strength of the drill is not a critical factor and where the workpiece can be rigidly supported.When one or more of these conditions vary,the speeds must be adjusted accordingly.29T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O N30F E E D R A T E P E R R E V O L U T I O N F O R D R I L L SDRILL DIAMETER FEED PER REVOLUTIONRANGELIGHTMEDIUMHEAVY1/16 Thru 1/8.0005–.0010.0010–.0020.0020–.0030Over 1/8 Thru 1/4.0010–.0030.0030–.0050.0050–.0070Over 1/4 Thru 1/2.0030–.0050.0050–.0070.0070–.0090Over 1/2 Thru 3/4.0050–.0080.0080–.0110.0110–.0140Over 3/4 Thru 1.0080–.0110.0110–.0140.0140–.0170Over 1.0120–.0150.0150–.0200.0200–.0250The feed rates shown are for average conditions where coolant can be efficiently applied,where the strength of the drill is not a critical factor and where the workpiece can be rigidly supported.When one or more of these conditions vary; the feeds must be adjusted accordingly.S P E E D S A N D F E E D S F O R D E E P H O L E D R I L L I N GHoles which must be drilled three or more diameters deep fall into the “Deep Hole”drilling class and some adjustment of speeds and feeds is necessary.The deeper the hole,the greater the tendency for chip to pack and clog the flutes of the drill.This increases the amount of heat generated and prevents coolant from reaching the drill points.Heat buildup will eventually result in premature failure.Step drilling,that is,drilling a short distance and then retracting the drill,will often reduce the chip packing.The deeper the hole the more often the drill must be retracted.A reduction in speed and feed to reduce the amount of heat generated is generally required in most deep-hole applications where coolant cannot be effectively applied.S P E E D A N D F E E D R E D U C T I O N P E R C E N T A G E S F O R D E E P H O L E D R I L L I N GREDUCE REDUCE HOLE DEPTHSPEED BYFEED BY3 x Drill Diameter 10%10%4 x Drill Diameter 20%10%5 x Drill Diameter 30%20%6 x Drill Diameter 40%20%S P E E D C A L C U L A T I O N S F O R D R I L L I N GSurface Feet Per Minute (SFM) = .26 X RPM X Drill DiameterRevolutions Per Minute (RPM) =SFMDrill DiameterT E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O NT R O U B L E S H O O T I N G G U I D E F O R D R I L L SPROBLEM PROBABLY CAUSESCorners break down.Cutting speed too high.Hard spots in material.Insufficient coolant at drill point.Flutes clogged with chips.Cutting lips chip.Too much feed.Lip relief too great.Margin chips.Oversize drill bushing.Drill breaks.Point improperly ground.Too much feed.Drill is dull.Flutes clogged with chips.Tang breaks.Imperfect fit between taper shank and socket caused by dirt or chips.Socket is burredor badly worn.Drill splits up center.Not enough lip relief.Too much feed.Drill will not enter work.Drill is dull.Not enough lip relief.Web is too heavy.Surface of hole is rough.Point improperly ground or dull.Insufficient coolant at drill point.Too much feed.Workholding device not rigid.Hole is oversize.Unequal point angles.Unequal length of cutting edges.Machine spindle bearings may be worn.Chip shape changes while drilling.Drill is dull.Cutting lips are chipped.Large chip coming out of one flute,Point is improperly ground and one lip is doing all of the cutting.small chip coming out of the other.31T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O N32T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O Ndrilled.The actual percent of thread engagement may be determined by pin gaging the hole.33T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O NT A P D R I L L S I Z E S F O R M E T R I C S C R E W T H R E A D S34T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O N35H A R D N E S S C O N V E R S I O N T A B L EROCKWELL HARDNESS TENSILE BRINELL STRENGTH CBAHARNESS(PSI)70–86.6––69–86.1––68–85.6––67–85.0––66–84.5––65–83.9––64–83.4––63–82.8––62–82.3––61–81.8––50–81.2–314,00059–80.7–306,00058–80.1–299,00057–79.6–291,00056–79.0–284,00055–78.5–277,00054–78.0–270,00053–77.4–263,00052–76.8500256,00051–76.3487250,00050–75.9475243,00049–75.2464236,00048–74.7451230,00047–74.1442223,00046–73.6432217,00045–73.1421211,00044–72.5409205,00043–72.0400199,000ROCKWELL HARDNESS TENSILE BRINELL STRENGTH CBAHARNESS(PSI)42–71.5390194,00041–70.9381188,00040–70.4371182,00039–69.9362176,00038–69.4353171,00037–68.9344166,00036–68.4336162,00035–67.9327157,00034–67.4319153,00033–66.8311149,00032–66.3301144,00031106.065.8294140,00030105.565.3286136,00029104.564.7279132,00028104.064.3271129,00027103.063.8264126,00026102.563.3271123,00025101.562.8253120,00024101.062.4247117,00023100.062.0243114,0002299.061.5237112,0002198.561.0231110,0002098.060.5226108,0001796.059.0215–1594,057.5204–1292.056.5194–990.055.0184–A Talbots Holdings Company200 Front Street Millersburg, Pennsylvania 17061 800-682-8832Fax: 717-692-270762-23047。

SAMPLING, ADVANCEDDIGITALĆTOĆANALOGD5-V Tolerant Digital InputsESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.PRODUCTIONconform to specificationsProduction processingPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20062ORDERING INFORMATIONPRODUCTPACKAGEPACKAGE CODEOPERATION TEMPERATURERANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER TRANSPORT MEDIA°°PCM1798DB Tube PCM1798DB 28-lead SSOP 28DB–25C to 85CPCM1798PCM1798DBRT ape and reelABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSover operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted (1)PCM1798V CC 1, V CC 2L, V CC 2R –0.3 V to 6.5 V Supply voltageV DD–0.3 V to 4 V Supply voltage differences: V CC 1, V CC 2L, V CC 2R±0.1 V Ground voltage differences: AGND1, AGND2, AGND3L, AGND3R, DGND ±0.1 V LRCK, DATA, BCK, SCK, FMT1, FMT0, MONO, CHSL, DEM, MUTE, RST ,–0.3 V to 6.5 VDigital input voltage ZERO–0.3 V to (V DD + 0.3 V) < 4 V Analog input voltage–0.3 V to (V CC + 0.3 V) < 6.5 VInput current (any pins except supplies)±10 mA Ambient temperature under bias –40°C to 125°C Storage temperature –55°C to 150°CJunction temperature 150°C Lead temperature (soldering)260°C, 5 s Package temperature (IR reflow, peak)260°C(1)Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSall specifications at T A = 25°C, V CC 1 = V CC 2L = V CC 2R = 5 V, V DD = 3.3 V, f S = 44.1 kHz, system clock = 256 f S , and 24-bit data, unless otherwise notedPCM1798DB PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYP MAXUNIT RESOLUTION 24BitsDATA FORMATAudio data interface format Standard, I 2S, left-justified Audio data bit length 16-, 24-bit selectable Audio data formatMSB first, 2s complement f SSampling frequency 10200kHzSystem clock frequency128, 192, 256, 384, 512, 768 f SDIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUTLogic familyTTL compatibleV IH 2V IL Input logic level 0.8VDC I IH V IN = V DD 10A I IL Input logic current V IN = 0 V –10µV OH I OH = –2 mA 2.4V OLOutput logic levelI OL = 2 mA0.4VDCPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20063ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)all specifications at T A = 25°C, V CC 1 = V CC 2L = V CC 2R = 5 V, V DD = 3.3 V, f S = 44.1 kHz, system clock = 256 f S , and 24-bit data, unless otherwise notedPCM1798DB PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITDYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (1)(2)f S = 44.1 kHz 0.0005%0.001%THD+N at V f S = 96 kHz0.001%OUT = 0 dBf S = 192 kHz0.0015%EIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 44.1 kHz120123EIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 96 kHz 123Dynamic rangeEIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 192 kHz 123dBEIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 44.1 kHz 120123EIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 96 kHz 123Signal-to-noise ratioEIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 192 kHz 123dB f S = 44.1 kHz116119f S = 96 kHz 118Channel separation f S = 192 kHz 117dB Level linearity errorV OUT = –120 dB±1dB DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (MONO MODE) (1)(2)(3)f S = 44.1 kHz 0.0005%THD+N at V f S = 96 kHz0.001%OUT = 0 dBf S = 192 kHz0.0015%EIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 44.1 kHz126EIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 96 kHz 126Dynamic rangeEIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 192 kHz 126dBEIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 44.1 kHz 126EIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 96 kHz 126Signal-to-noise ratioEIAJ, A-weighted, f S = 192 kHz126dB (1)Filter condition:THD+N: 20-Hz HPF , 20-kHz AES17 LPFDynamic range: 20-Hz HPF , 20-kHz AES17 LPF , A-weightedSignal-to-noise ratio: 20-Hz HPF , 20-kHz AES17 LPF , A-weighted Channel separation: 20-Hz HPF , 20-kHz AES17 LPFAnalog performance specifications are measured using the System Two t Cascade audio measurement system by Audio Precision in the averaging mode.(2)Dynamic performance and dc accuracy are specified at the output of the postamplifier as shown in Figure 24.(3)Dynamic performance and dc accuracy are specified at the output of the measurement circuit as shown in Figure 25.Audio Precision and System Two are trademarks of Audio Precision, Inc.Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.PCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20064ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)all specifications at T A = 25°C, V CC 1 = V CC 2L = V CC 2R = 5 V, V DD = 3.3 V, f S = 44.1 kHz, system clock = 256 f S , and 24-bit data, unless otherwise notedPCM1798DB PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITANALOG OUTPUTGain error–7±27% of FSR Gain mismatch, channel-to-channel –3±0.53% of FSR Bipolar zero error At BPZ –2±0.52% of FSR Output current Full scale (0 dB)4mA p-p Center currentAt BPZ–3.5mADIGITAL FILTER PERFORMANCEDe-emphasis error±0.1dBFILTER CHARACTERISTICS–1: SHARP ROLLOFF±0.0002 dB 0.454 f S Pass band –3 dB0.49 f S Stop band 0.546 f SPass-band ripple ±0.0002dB Stop-band attenuation Stop band = 0.546 f S–98dB Delay time38/f SsFILTER CHARACTERISTICS–2: SLOW ROLLOFF±0.001 dB 0.21 f S Pass band –3 dB0.448 f SStop band 0.79 f SPass-band ripple ±0.001dB Stop-band attenuation Stop band = 0.732 f S–80dB Delay time38/f SsPOWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS V DD 33.3 3.6VDC V CC 1V CC 2L Voltage rangeV CC 2R 4.755 5.25VDCf S = 44.1 kHz 79I f S = 96 kHz 13DDSupply current f S = 192 kHz 25mA (1)f S = 44.1 kHz 1823I f S = 96 kHz 19CCf S = 192 kHz20mAf S = 44.1 kHz 115150Power dissipation f S = 96 kHz 140(1)f S = 192 kHz180mWTEMPERATURE RANGEOperation temperature–2585°C θJA Thermal resistance 28-pin SSOP100°C/W(1)Input is BPZ data.PCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20065PIN ASSIGNMENTS1234 5678910111213142827262524232221201918171615MONO CHSL DEM LRCK DATA BCK SCK DGND V DD MUTE FMT0FMT1ZERO RST V CC 2L AGND3L I OUT L–I OUT L+AGND2V CC 1V COM L V COM R I REF AGND1I OUT R–I OUT R+AGND3R V CC 2RPCM1798(TOP VIEW)PCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20066Terminal Functions TERMINALNAME PINI/O DESCRIPTIONSAGND119–Analog ground (internal bias)AGND224–Analog ground (internal bias)AGND3L27–Analog ground (L-channel DACFF)AGND3R16–Analog ground (R-channel DACFF)BCK6I Bit clock input (1)CHSL2I L-, R-channel select (1)DATA5I Serial audio data input (1)DEM3I De-emphasis enable (1)DGND8–Digital groundFMT011I Audio data format select (1)FMT112I Audio data format select (1)I OUT L+25O L-channel analog current output +I OUT L–26O L-channel analog current output –I OUT R+17O R-channel analog current output +I OUT R–18O R-channel analog current output –I REF20–Output current reference bias pinLRCK4I Left and right clock (f S) input (1)MONO1I Monaural mode enable (1)MUTE10I Mute control (1)RST14I Reset(1)SCK7I System clock input(1)V CC123–Analog power supply, 5 VV CC2L28–Analog power supply (L-channel DACFF), 5 V V CC2R15–Analog power supply (R-cahnnel DACFF), 5 V V COM L22–L-channel internal bias decoupling pinV COM R21–R-channel internal bias decoupling pinV DD9–Digital power supply, 3.3 VZERO13O Zero flag(1)Schmitt-trigger input, 5-V tolerantPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20067FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMPower SupplyFMT1S C KAdvanced Segment DAC ModulatorBias and VrefA G N D 2V D DV C C 1V C C 2LV C C 2RA G N D 18OversamplingDigital Filter and Function ControlAudio Data InputI/FLRCK BCK DATADEM RSTA G N D 3LA G N D 3RD G N DCurrent Segment DACI REF Function Control I/FZero DetectZEROSystem Clock ManagerFMT0MUTE Current Segment DACMONO CHSLV COM LV COM RI OUT L+I OUT L–I/V and FilterV OUT LI OUT R+I OUT R–I/V and FilterV OUT RPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20068TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVESDIGITAL FILTERDigital Filter ResponseFigure 1. Frequency Response, Sharp RolloffFrequency [× f S ]−160−140−120−100−80−60−40−20001234A m p l i t u d e – d BAMPLITUDEvsFREQUENCYFrequency [× f S ]−5−4−3−2−10123450.00.10.20.30.40.5A m p l i t u d e − d BAMPLITUDEvsFREQUENCY0.0005−0.0001−0.00050.00030.00040.00020.0001−0.0004−0.0003−0.0002Figure 2. Pass-Band Ripple, Sharp RolloffFigure 3. Frequency Response, Slow RolloffFrequency [× f S ]−160−140−120−100−80−60−40−20001234A m p l i t u d e – d BAMPLITUDEvsFREQUENCYFigure 4. Transition Characteristics, Slow RolloffFrequency [× f S ]−20−18−16−14−12−10−8−6−4−200.00.10.20.30.40.50.6A m p l i t u d e – d BAMPLITUDEvsFREQUENCYPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 20069De-Emphasis FilterFigure 5f – Frequency – kHz−10−9−8−7−6−5−4−3−2−1002468101214161820D e -E m p h a s i s L e v e l – d BDE-EMPHASIS LEVELvsFREQUENCYf S = 44.1 kHzFigure 6f – Frequency – kHz−0.5−0.4−0.3−0.2−0.1−0.00.10.20.30.40.502468101214161820DE-EMPHASIS ERRORvsFREQUENCYD e -E m p h a s i s E r r o r – d Bf S = 44.1 kHz0.0PCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 200610ANALOG DYNAMIC PERFORMANCESupply Voltage CharacteristicsFigure 74.504.755.00 5.25 5.50V CC – Supply Voltage – V TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISEvsSUPPLY VOLTAGE0.010.0010.0001f S = 96 kHzT H D +N – T o t a l H a r m o n i c D i s t o r t i o n + N o i s e – %f S = 48 kHzf S = 192 kHzFigure 8V CC – Supply Voltage – V1161181201221241264.504.755.00 5.25 5.50D y n a m i c R a n g e – d BDYNAMIC RANGEvsSUPPLY VOLTAGEf S = 96 kHz f S = 48 kHzf S = 192 kHzFigure 9V CC – Supply Voltage – V 1161181201221241264.504.755.00 5.25 5.50S N R – S i g n a l -t o -N o i s e R a t i o – d BSIGNAL-to-NOISE RATIOvsSUPPLY VOLTAGEf S = 48 kHzf S = 192 kHzf S = 96 kHzFigure 10V CC – Supply Voltage – V1121141161181201224.504.755.00 5.25 5.50C h a n n e l S e p a r a t i o n – d BCHANNEL SEPARATIONvsSUPPLY VOLTAGEf S = 96 kHzf S = 192 kHzf S = 48 kHzNOTE:PCM mode, T A = 25°C, V DD = 3.3 V, measurement circuit is Figure 24.Temperature CharacteristicsFigure 11−50−250255075100TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISEvsFREE-AIR TEMPERATURE0.010.0010.0001f S = 192 kHzT H D +N – T o t a l H a r m o n i c D i s t o r t i o n + N o i s e – %f S = 48 kHzT A – Free-Air Temperature – °C f S = 96 kHzFigure 12T A – Free-Air Temperature – °C116118120122124126−50−250255075100D y n a m i c R a n g e – d BDYNAMIC RANGEvsFREE-AIR TEMPERATUREf S = 96 kHzf S = 48 kHzf S = 192 kHzFigure 13T A – Free-Air Temperature – °C 116118120122124126−50−250255075100S N R – S i g n a l -t o -N o i s e R a t i o – d BSIGNAL-to-NOISE RATIOvsFREE-AIR TEMPERATUREf S = 96 kHzf S = 48 kHzf S = 192 kHzFigure 14T A – Free-Air Temperature – °C112114116118120122−50−250255075100C h a n n e l S e p a r a t i o n – d BCHANNEL SEPARATIONvsFREE-AIR TEMPERATUREf S = 192 kHzf S = 96 kHzf S = 48 kHzNOTE:PCM mode, V DD = 3.3 V, V CC = 5 V, measurement circuit is Figure 24.NOTE:f S = 48 kHz, 32768 point 8 average, T A = 25°C, V DD = 3.3 V,V CC = 5 V, measurement circuit is Figure 24.Figure 15. –60-db Output Spectrum, BW = 20 kHz f – Frequency – kHz−160−140−120−100−80−60−40−20002468101214161820A m p l i t u d e – d BAMPLITUDEvsFREQUENCYNOTE:f S = 96 kHz, 32768 point 8 average, T A = 25°C, V DD = 3.3 V,V CC = 5 V, measurement circuit is Figure 24.Figure 16. –60-db Output Spectrum, BW = 100 kHzf – Frequency – kHz−160−140−120−100−80−60−40−2000102030405060708090100A m p l i t u d e – d BAMPLITUDEvsFREQUENCYNOTE:f S = 48 kHz, T A = 25°C, V DD = 3.3 V, V CC = 5 V,measurement circuit is Figure 24.Figure 17. THD+N vs Input Level, PCM Mode−90−80−70−60−50−40−30−20−10Input Level – dBFSTOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISEvsINPUT LEVEL100.10.010.0010.0001T H D +N – T o t a l H a r m o n i c D i s t o r t i o n + N o i s e – %1SYSTEM CLOCK AND RESET FUNCTIONSSystem Clock InputThe PCM1798 requires a system clock for operating the digital interpolation filters and advanced segment DAC modulators. The system clock is applied at the SCK input (pin 7). The PCM1798 has a system clock detection circuit that automatically senses the frequency at which the system clock is operating. T able 1 shows examples of system clock frequencies for common audio sampling rates.Figure 18 shows the timing requirements for the system clock input. For optimal performance, it is important to use a clock source with low phase jitter and noise. One of the T exas Instruments PLL1700 family of multiclock generators is an excellent choice for providing the PCM1798 system clock.Table 1. System Clock Rates for Common Audio Sampling FrequenciesSYSTEM CLOCK FREQUENCY (f SCK ) (MHz)SAMPLING FREQUENCY128 f S 192 f S 256 f S 384 f S 512 f S 768 f S 32 kHz 4.096 6.1448.19212.28816.38424.57644.1 kHz 5.64888.467211.289616.934422.579233.868848 kHz 6.1449.21612.28818.43224.57636.86496 kHz 12.28818.43224.57636.86449.15273.728192 kHz24.57636.86449.15273.728–(1)–(1)(1)This system clock rate is not supported for the given sampling frequency.t (SCKH)t (SCY)System Clock (SCK)t (SCKL)2 V0.8 V HLPARAMETERSMIN MAXUNITS t (SCY)System clock pulse cycle time13ns t (SCKH)System clock pulse duration, HIGH 0.4 t (SCY)ns t (SCKL)System clock pulse duration, LOW0.4 t (SCY)nsFigure 18. System Clock Input TimingPower-On and External Reset FunctionsThe PCM1798 includes a power-on reset function. Figure 19 shows the operation of this function. With V DD > 2 V,the power-on reset function is enabled. The initialization sequence requires 1024 system clocks from the time V DD > 2 V.The PCM1798 also includes an external reset capability using the RST input (pin 14). This allows an external controller or master reset circuit to force the PCM1798 to initialize to its default reset state.Figure 20 shows the external reset operation and timing. The RST pin is set to logic 0 for a minimum of 20 ns. The RST pin is then set to a logic 1 state, thus starting the initialization sequence, which requires 1024 system clock periods. The external reset is especially useful in applications where there is a delay between the PCM1798 power up and system clock activation.ResetReset Removal1024 System ClocksV DD2.4 V (Max)2 V (Typ)1.6 V (Min)Internal ResetSystem ClockFigure 19. Power-On Reset TimingReset Reset Removal1024 System ClocksInternal ResetSystem ClockRST (Pin 14)t (RST)1.4 VPARAMETERSMIN MAXUNITS t (RST)Reset pulse duration, LOW20nsFigure 20. External Reset TimingAUDIO DATA INTERFACEAudio Serial InterfaceThe audio interface port is a 3-wire serial port. It includes LRCK (pin 4), BCK (pin 6), and DATA (pin 5). BCK is the serial audio bit clock, and it is used to clock the serial data present on DATA into the serial shift register of the audio interface. Serial data is clocked into the PCM1798 on the rising edge of BCK. LRCK is the serial audio left/right word clock.The PCM1798 requires the synchronization of LRCK and the system clock, but does not need a specific phase relation between LRCK and the system clock.If the relationship between LRCK and the system clock changes more than ±6 BCK, internal operation is initialized within 1/f S and the analog outputs are forced to the bipolar zero level until resynchronization between LRCK and the system clock is completed.PCM Audio Data Formats and TimingThe PCM1798 supports industry-standard audio data formats, including standard right-justified, I 2S, and left-justified. The data formats are shown in Figure 22. Data formats are selected using FMT0 (pin 11) and FMT1(pin 12) as shown in Table 2. All formats require binary twos-complement, MSB-first audio data. Figure 21 shows a detailed timing diagram for the serial audio interface.DATAt (BCH)1.4 VBCKLRCKt (BCL)t (LB)t (BCY)t (DS)t (DH)1.4 V 1.4 Vt (BL)PARAMETERSMIN MAXUNITS t (BCY)BCK pulse cycle time 70ns t (BCL)BCK pulse duration, LOW 30ns t (BCH)BCK pulse duration, HIGH 30ns t (BL)BCK rising edge to LRCK edge 10ns t (LB)LRCK edge to BCK rising edge 10ns t (DS)DATA setup time 10ns t (DH)DATA hold time 10ns—LRCK clock data50% ± 2 bit clocksFigure 21. Timing of Audio Interface141516121516MSBLSB121516222324LSB12322412322421MSBLSB12241224LSB1224211224BCKL-ChannelDATAR-Channel1/f SDATALRCKAudio Data Word = 16-BitAudio Data Word = 24-BitBCKL-ChannelDATAR-Channel1/f SLRCKAudio Data Word = 24-Bit23232323BCKL-ChannelDATAR-Channel1/f SLRCKAudio Data Word = 24-BitMSBMSB(2) Left-Justified Data Format; L-Channel = HIGH, R-Channel = LOW(1) Standard Data Format (Right-Justified); L-Channel = HIGH, R-Channel = LOW(3) I 2S Data Format; L-Channel = LOW, R-Channel = HIGHFigure 22. Audio Data Input FormatsFUNCTION DESCRIPTIONSAudio data formatAudio format is selected using FMT0 (pin 11) and FMT1 (pin 12). The PCM1798 also supports monaural mode and DF bypass mode using MONO (pin 1) and CHSL (pin 2). The PCM1798 can select the DF rolloff characteristics.Table 2. Audio Data Format SelectMONO CHSL FMT1FMT0FORMAT STEREO/MONO DF ROLLOFF 0000I2S Stereo Sharp0001Left-justified format Stereo Sharp0010Standard, 16-bit Stereo Sharp0011Standard, 24-bit Stereo Sharp0100I2S Stereo Slow0101Left-justified format Stereo Slow0110Standard, 16-bit Stereo Slow0111Digital filter bypass Mono–1000I2S Mono, L-channel Sharp1001Left-justified format Mono, L-channel Sharp1010Standard, 16-bit Mono, L-channel Sharp1011Standard, 24-bit Mono, L-channel Sharp1100I2S Mono, R-channel Sharp1101Left-justified format Mono, R-channel Sharp1110Standard, 16-bit Mono, R-channel Sharp1111Standard, 24-bit Mono, R-channel SharpSoft MuteThe PCM1798 supports mute operation. When MUTE (pin 10) is set to HIGH, both analog outputs are transitioned to the bipolar zero level in –0.5-dB steps with a transition speed of 1/f S per step. This system provides pop-free muting of the DAC output.De-EmphasisThe PCM1798 has a de-emphasis filter for the sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. The de-emphasis filter is controlled using DEM (pin 3).Zero DetectionWhen the PCM1798 detects that the audio input data in the L-channel and the R-channel is continuously zero for 1024 LRCKs in the PCM mode, or that the audio input data is continuously zero for 1024 WDCKs in the external filter mode, the PCM1798 sets ZERO (pin 13) to HIGH.APPLICATION INFORMATIONTYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAMDATA 24232221201918171615567891011121314PCM1798BCK SCK DGND V DDMUTE FMT0FMT1ZERO RST AGND2I OUT R–V CC 1V COM L V COM R I REF I OUT R+AGND3R AGND1–+MONO 1234CHSL DEM LRCK 28272625V CC 2L AGND3L I OUT L–I OUT L+V OUTL-Channel5 V V CC 2R0.1 µFController10 µF3.3 V PCM Audio Data Source0.1 µF10 µFC f R fDifferentialto Single Converter With Low-Pass Filter47 µF 5 V10 µF10 k Ω–+C f R f–+V OUTR-ChannelC f R fDifferentialto Single Converter With Low-Pass Filter–+C f R f0.1 µF10 µF 5 V+++++Figure 23. Typical Application CircuitAPPLICATION CIRCUITThe design of the application circuit is very important in order to actually realize the high S/N ratio of which the PCM1798 is capable. This is because noise and distortion that are generated in an application circuit are not negligible.In the third-order LPF circuit of Figure 24, the output level is 2.1 V RMS, and 123 dB S/N is achieved.I/V SectionThe current of the PCM1798 on each of the output pins (I OUT L+, I OUT L–, I OUT R+, I OUT R–) is 4 mA p-p at 0 dB (full scale). The voltage output level of the I/V converter (Vi) is given by following equation:Vi = 4 mA p–p × R f (R f : feedback resistance of I/V converter)An NE5534 operational amplifier is recommended for the I/V circuit to obtain the specified performance. Dynamic performance such as the gain bandwidth, settling time, and slew rate of the operational amplifier affects the audio dynamic performance of the I/V section.Differential SectionThe PCM1798 voltage outputs are followed by differential amplifier stages, which sum the differential signals for each channel, creating a single-ended I/V op-amp output. In addition, the differential amplifiers provide a low-pass filter function.The operational amplifier recommended for the differential circuit is the low-noise type.–+R1 820 Ω2 375864C110.1 µFC1722 pF V CCC12700 pFC120.1 µF V EEU1NE5534I OUT––+R2 820 Ω2 375864C130.1 µFC1822 pF V CCC22700 pFC140.1 µF V EEU2NE5534I OUT+–+2374C150.1 µFV CCC160.1 µFV EEU3NE5534R9100 ΩC38200 pFR5200 ΩC48200 pFR6200 ΩR3220 ΩR4220 ΩV CC = 15 VV EE = –15 Vf c = 50 kHzC527000 pFR7180 ΩR8180 Ω586C1922 pFFigure 24. Measurement CircuitI OUT –Figure 24 CircuitI OUT +I OUT L– (Pin 26)I OUT L+ (Pin 25)OUT+123Balanced OutI OUT –Figure 24 CircuitI OUT +I OUT R– (Pin 18)I OUT R+ (Pin 17)OUT–Figure 25. Measurement Circuit for Monaural ModePCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2006APPLICATION FOR EXTERNAL DIGITAL FILTER INTERFACEDATA 24232221201918171615567891011121314PCM1798BCK SCK DGND V DDMUTE FMT0FMT1ZERO RSTAGND2I OUT R–V CC 1V COM L V COM R I REF I OUT R+AGND3R AGND1MONO 1234CHSL DEM LRCK 28272625V CC 2L AGND3L I OUT L–I OUT L+V CC 2RDATA AnalogOutput Stage (See Figure 23)WDCK BCK SCKExternal Filter DeviceV DDFigure 26. Connection Diagram for External DIgital Filter (Internal DF Bypass Mode) Application Application for Interfacing With an External Digital FilterFor some applications, it may be desirable to use a programmable digital signal processor as an external digital filter to perform the interpolation function. The following pin settings enable the external digital filter application mode.D MONO (pin 1) = LOW D CHSL (Pin 2) = HIGH D FMT0 (Pin 11) = HIGH DFMT1 (pin 12) = HIGHThe pins used to provide the serial interface for the external digital filter are shown in the connection diagram of Figure 26. The word clock (WDCK) must be operated at 8× or 4× the desired sampling frequency, f S .Pin Assignment When Using the External Digital Filter InterfaceD LRCK (pin 4): WDCK as word clock input D DATA (pin 5): Monaural audio data input D BCK (pin 6): Bit clock inputPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2006Audio FormatThe PCM1798 in the external digital filter interface mode supports the 24-bit right-justified audio format as shown in Figure 27.BCK1/4 f S or 1/8 f SWDCKAudio Data Word = 24-BitMSBLSB1612345678910111213141524232017181924212223DATAFigure 27. Audio Data Input Format for External Digital Filter (Internal DF Bypass Mode) Application System Clock (SCK) and Interface TimingThe PCM1798 in an application using an external digital filter requires the synchronization of WDCK and the system clock. The system clock is phase-free with respect to WDCK. Interface timing among WDCK, BCK, and DATA is shown in Figure 28.DATAt (BCH)1.4 VBCKWDCKt (BCL)t (LB)t (BCY)t (DS)t (DH)1.4 V 1.4 Vt (BL)PARAMETERMIN MAXUNITS t (BCY)BCK pulse cycle time 20ns t (BCL)BCK pulse duration, LOW7ns t (BCH)BCK pulse duration, HIGH 7ns t (BL)BCK rising edge to WDCK falling edge 5ns t (LB)WDCK falling edge to BCK rising edge 5ns t (DS)DATA setup time 5ns t (DH)DATA hold time5nsFigure 28. Audio Interface Timing for External Digital Filter (Internal DF Bypass Mode) ApplicationPCM1798SLES102A – DECEMBER 2003 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2006ANALOG OUTPUTTable 3 and Figure 29 show the relationship between the digital input code and analog output.Table 3. Analog Output Current and Voltage800000 (–FS)000000 (BPZ)7FFFFF (+FS)I OUT N [mA]–1.5–3.5–5.5I OUT P [mA]–5.5–3.5–1.5V OUT N [V]–1.23–2.87–4.51V OUT P [V]–4.51–2.87–1.23V OUT [V]–2.980 2.98NOTE:V OUT N is the output of U1, V OUT P is the output of U2, and V OUT is the output of U3 in themeasurement circuit of Figure 24.−6−5−4−3−2−1Input Code – HexI OUT NI O – O u t p u t C u r r e n t – m AOUTPUT CURRENTvsINPUT CODE800000(–FS)000000(BPZ)7FFFFF(+FS)I OUT PFigure 29. The Relationship Between Digital Input and Analog OutputPACKAGING INFORMATIONOrderable Device Status (1)Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2)Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3)PCM1798DB ACTIVE SSOP DB 2847Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM PCM1798DBG4ACTIVE SSOP DB 2847Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM PCM1798DBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 282000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM PCM1798DBRG4ACTIVESSOPDB282000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM(1)The marketing status values are defined as follows:ACTIVE:Product device recommended for new designs.LIFEBUY:TI has announced that the device will be discontinued,and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.NRND:Not recommended for new designs.Device is in production to support existing customers,but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.PREVIEW:Device has been announced but is not in production.Samples may or may not be available.OBSOLETE:TI has discontinued the production of the device.(2)Eco Plan -The planned eco-friendly classification:Pb-Free (RoHS),Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt),or Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)-please check /productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.TBD:The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.Pb-Free (RoHS):TI's terms "Lead-Free"or "Pb-Free"mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6substances,including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1%by weight in homogeneous materials.Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures,TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt):This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1)lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package,or 2)lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe.The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible)as defined above.Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br):TI defines "Green"to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible),and free of Bromine (Br)and Antimony (Sb)based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1%by weight in homogeneous material)(3)MSL,Peak Temp.--The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications,and peak solder temperature.Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided.TI bases its knowledge andbelief on information provided by third parties,and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information.Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties.TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary,and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s)at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM11-Dec-2006。

*P57538A0116*Turn over Pearson LCCICandidate nameCentre Code Candidate NumberPlease check the examination details above before entering your candidate informationCandidate ID NumberTotal Marks You will need:Resource Booklet (enclosed)Instructions• Use black ink or ball-point pen– pencil can only be used for graphs, charts, diagrams, etc.• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, candidate number,centre code and your candidate ID number.• Answer all questions.• Answer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.• Answers should be given to an appropriate degree of accuracy.Information• The total mark for this paper is 100.• The marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.• Calculators may be used.Advice• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.• Try to answer every question.• You are advised to show your workings.• Check your answers if you have time at the end.P57538A©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1/1Monday 3 September 2018Paper Reference ASE20091Certificate in Bookkeeping (VRQ)Level 1Time: 3 hours*P57538A0216*2*P57538A0316*Turn over3(c) Prepare the following documents.(i)(4)Bob1 Windsor High Street, SL4 1ABInvoiceInvoice number Customer: Bertram Date 1066 3 June 2018QuantityDescriptionUnit cost$Total cost$Subtotal Trade discountTotalTerms of trade: 30 days net (ii)(5)Bob1 Windsor High Street, SL4 1ABInvoiceInvoice number Customer: Della Date 1067 25 June 2018QuantityDescriptionUnit cost$Total cost$Subtotal Trade discountTotalTerms of trade: 30 days net*P57538A0416*4(iii)(3)Bob1 Windsor High Street, SL4 1ABInvoiceInvoice number Customer: Ephraim Date 1068 26 June 2018QuantityDescriptionUnit cost$Total cost$Subtotal Trade discountTotalTerms of trade: 30 days net*P57538A0516*Turn over5(d) Prepare the following accounts for the month of June 2018. Balance the accountson 30 June 2018 and bring the balances down on 1 July 2018.(i)Bertram Account(3)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(ii) Della Account(4)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 1 = 21 marks)*P57538A0616*6You will need to use the data on page 3 of the Resource Booklet to answer parts (b) and (c).2 (a) State two reasons why a business maintains both a cash book and a petty cashbook.(2)1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) Prepare the petty cash book for the week ending 7 May 2018. Balance the bookon 7 May 2018, bring the balance down on 8 May 2018 and restore the imprest amount.(8)*P57538A0716*Turn over7P e t t y C a s h B o o kR e c e i p t s $D a t eD e t a i l s V o u c h e r n u m b e r T o t a l $P o s t a g e $T r a v e l $R e f r e s h m e n t s $*P57538A0816*8(c) Calculate for May 2018 the gross pay and net pay for each employee.(6) EmployeeGross pay$Deductions$Net pay$Peter100Querioz96Ricardo86(d) Explain to Rachel one advantage of paying her staff by credit transfer rather thanin cash.(2).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 2 = 18 marks)*P57538A0916*Turn over9*P57538A01016*10Umberto provided the following balances at 31 July 2018.(c) Prepare the trial balance at 31 July 2018 showing the drawings figure for the year.(10)UmbertoTrial balance at 31 July 2018 Account Balances$Debit$Credit$ Bank overdraft 3 800Carriage inwards 2 450Drawings To be calculatedEquity at 1 August 2017127 850General expenses86 745Inventory at 1 August 201719 860Irrecoverable debts750Non-current assets – costNon-current assets –accumulated depreciation48 00013 320Purchases134 520Rent15 000Returns inwards 2 655Returns outwards 1 390Revenue286 595Trade payables ledger control26 840Trade receivables ledger control49 455Wages and salaries33 650Total*P57538A01116*Turn over11 During the year ended 31 July 2018 Umberto made a profit of $19 355 (d) Prepare the equity account for the year ended 31 July 2018. Balance the account on that date and bring the balance down on 1 August 2018.(4)Equity Account .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (e) State in which ledger the trade payables ledger control account is kept.(1).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (f) Explain one reason why Umberto maintains a trade payables ledger control account.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 3 = 19 marks)*P57538A01216*12 You will need to use the data on page 4 of the Resource Booklet to answer parts (a), (b),(e) and (f).4 (a) Prepare a journal entry to record the opening entries. A narrative is required.(6)DateAccount Debit $Credit $1 July 2018 (b) Prepare journal entries to correct the errors. Narratives are required.(6)DateAccount Debit $Credit $31 July 2018 (c) State one use of the journal other than recording opening transactions andcorrection of errors.(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................*P57538A01316*Turn over13 (d) State the main purpose of a bank reconciliation statement.(1)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (e) Calculate the updated cash book balance at 31 July 2018.(2)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (f) Prepare a bank reconciliation statement at 31 July 2018.(5)Boris Bank reconciliation statement at 31 July 2018$$Balance per updated cash book Balance per bank statement (Total for Question 4 = 21 marks)*P57538A01416*14*P57538A01516*15 (d) Prepare the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 May 2018.(12)Maroulla Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 May 2018............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 5 = 21 marks)TOTAL FOR PAPER = 100 MARKS*P57538A01616*16BLANK PAGE。

One optional Reference supply •Direct replacement for all 8810’s•High resolution touch-screen•Two isolated Input Channels•0.0001° Resolution•±0.004°Accuracy (Optional ±0.0015°)•LXI compatible•Programmable display options•Auto-ranging Signal and Reference•47 Hz to 20 KHZ Frequency Range•DC rate or angle output•Auto Phase Correction•Optional 2.2 VA internal Reference•Measures and displays ReferenceVoltage, frequency, and VL-L•Ethernet, USB, IEEE-488 andparallel ports•| compliantGENERALThis second generation API, Model 8810A, truly represents a major step forward in synchro to digital conversion technology. The use of an intelligent DSP design eliminates push buttons and allows all programming to be done either via an integrated touch-screen or a mouse interface. In addition, IEEE-488, Ethernet, and USB interfaces have been added to extend remote operation capabilities. The display can be set for one of three display modes; 0-360º, ±180°, or Degrees, Minutes, Seconds. A wide (47 Hz to 20 KHz) frequency range is standard. As an option, a programmable 2.2 VA internal reference supply can be specified.Improved flexibility is provided by two fully independent inputs that can be used to simultaneously read two separate input signals or can be combined to measure multi-speed Synchros or Resolvers. The gear ratio, for the two-speed mode, is programmable from 2:1 to 255:1Built-in phase correction eliminates errors caused by quadrature and harmonics when reference and signal are out of phase by as much as 60°.The 8810A automatically accepts and displays input voltages from 1.0 to 90 V L-L and Reference voltages from 2 to 115 Vrms over a broad frequency range of 47 Hz to 20 KHz.Therefore, one Instrument can handle most known Synchro and Resolver measurement requirements.The 8810A is a direct replacement for all variations of the previously supplied North Atlantic Industries Model 8810. Special versions (P/N = 8810 –Sxxxx), contact factory to determine compatibility.Optional Reference: This design can also incorporate a 2.2 VA programmable reference generator that is used for stand alone applications (See P/N)One optional Reference supply(Drop In Replacement for NAI API Model 8810 with significant new features)One optional Reference supply SPECIFICATIONSResolution0.0001°Input Channels 2 separate isolated InputsSignal Inputs Ch.1: Synchro/Resolver programmable. 1-90V L-L auto-rangingCh.2: Synchro/Resolver programmable. 1-90V L-L auto-rangingEach channel measures the Input V L-L, Reference voltage and frequency.Data is displayed on the front panel and also available via various digital outputs. Accuracy See detailed Accuracy Specifications below.Frequency Range47 Hz – 20 kHz. See detailed Accuracy Specifications below.Angular Range0.0000°-359.9999° or ±179.9999° programmable, or output angle can be viewed in degrees, minutes and secondsTwo-speed mode Both inputs can be combined with a ratio from 2 to 255Reference Voltage2V to 115 V auto-rangingInput Impedance Signal: >28 V L-L 200 kΩ ; >11.8 V L-L 60kΩ; <11.8 V L-L 13.3 kΩTracking Speed 2.76 rps. at 60 Hz4.68 rps. at 360 Hz or higherSettling Time 1.5 s max. for 180° step change (Based on Bandwidth selected)3.0 s max. at 47-66 Hz (Based on Bandwidth selected)Phase Correction Automatically corrects for up to a 60° phase shift between stator and rotorVelocity or DC angle for Ch.1 & Ch.2 ±1000 °/sec = ±10 VDC ±100 °/sec = ±10 VDC 0 to 359.99°= 0 -10 VDC ±179.99° = ±10 VDCBand width Automatically set to 28% of frequency up to a max. of 100 Hz. User canchange this parameter as desired.Data averaging Selectable from 10 ms to 10 secondsConverter Busy TTL compatible pulses, 1µs wide nom. Pulses present when tracking. Digital Output 6 decade BCD (1-2-4-8) 10 TTL loadsSerial Interfaces Ethernet, USB, and IEEE-488, and legacy 50 pin connector Temperature Range0-50°C operatingInput Power 85 Vrms to 265 Vrms, 47 to 440 HzWeight 4 lbs.Dimensions12.5" L x 9.5" W x 3.5" HREFERENCE GENERATOR SPECIFICATIONS: Optional, see part number Voltage Output: 2 Vrms to 115 Vrms, Programmable with a resolution of 0.1 V• 2.0 to 9.9 Vrms / 47 Hz to 20 KHz frequency range•10.0 to 27.9 Vrms / 47 Hz to 4 KHz frequency range•28.0 to 115.0 Vrms / 47 Hz to 800 Hz frequency range Accuracy: ±3% of settingHarmonic Content: 2.0% maximumOutput Drive: 2.2 VA (See Operation manual for detail description of Output Drive) Output Protection: Over-current and over-temperatureFrequency: 47 Hz to 20 kHz Programmable with 0.1 Hz stepsFrequency accuracy: 0.1% FSOne optional Reference supplyDETAIL ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONSAccuracy: 8810A SPECIFICATIONS APPLY AFTER A 15 MINUTE WARMUP AND CALIBRATION Resolver mode:2.0 to 28 V L-L±0.004° from 47 Hz to 5 KHzResolver mode: 28 to 90 VL-L ±0.004° from 47 Hz to 1 KHzResolver mode:2.0 to 12 V L-L±0.004° to ±0.008° from 5 KHz to 10 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode:2.0 to 12 V L-L±0.008° to ±0.015° from 10 KHz to 15 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode:2.0 to 12 V L-L±0.015° to ±0.02° from 15 KHz to 20 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.006° from 47 Hz to 5 KHzResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.006° to ±0.015° from 5 KHz to 10 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.015° to ±0.025° from 10 KHz to 15 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.025° to ±0.035° from 15 KHz to 20 KHz derated linearlySynchro mode: 2.0 to 90 V L-L±0.004° from 47 Hz to 1 KHzAccuracy: 8810AH SPECIFICATIONS APPLY AFTER A 15 MINUTE WARMUP AND CALIBRATION Resolver mode:2.0 to 28 V L-L±0.0015° from 47 Hz to 5 KHzResolver mode:28 to 90 V L-L±0.002° from 47 Hz to 1 KHzResolver mode:2.0 to 12 V L-L±0.0015° to ±0.005° from 5 KHz to 10 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode:2.0 to 12 V L-L±0.005° to ±0.01° from 10 KHz to 15 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode:2.0 to 12 V L-L±0.010° to ±0.015° from 15 KHz to 20 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.0025° from 47Hz to 5 KHzResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.0025° to ±0.01° from 5KHz to 10 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.010° to ±0.02° from 10 KHz to 15 KHz derated linearlyResolver mode: 1.0 to 2.0 VL-L ±0.02° to ±0.03° from 15 KHz to 20 KHz derated linearlySynchro mode:2.0 to 28 V L-L±0.0015° from 47 Hz to 1 KHzSynchro mode:28 to 90 V L-L±0.0025° from 47 Hz to 1 KHzCALIBRATIONWhen unit is turned on it will automatically initiate calibration. After warm-up of 15 minutes, unit will again automatically calibrate the channel or channels being used. Once calibrated, unit will monitor usage. Should frequency or voltage of measured signal change by more than 12.5%, unit will automatically recalibrate the channel in use. Calibration takes about 2 seconds.One optional Reference supplyINTERFACESThe 8810A is available with several different interfaces for ATE applications. Interfaces include, Ethernet, USB, IEEE-488, and a legacy 50 pin connector for API parallel BCD outputs. The legacy 50 pin connector and the IEEE-488 are both 100% backwards compatible with the model 8810. Below is information, for each interface. Detail programming commands / information are included in “8810A Programmer’s Reference Guide.” The Ethernet connector and the USB connector J3, are industry standard connections.(Table 4) J1 CONNECTOR, API PARALLEL PIN DESIGNATIONSDD50P, Mate DD50S or equivalentPin Designation Pin Designation Pin Designation Pin Designation Pin Designation1 *Do Not Use 11 Converter busy 21 S1 Ch.2 310.4º 41 DC out Ch.12 *Do Not Use 12 0.04º 22 S2 Ch. 2 32 2 deg. (BCD) 42 Data Freeze3 Chassis ground 13 0.01º 23 S3 Ch. 2 338 deg. (BCD) 43 Remote Ch. select4 Digital ground 14 0.8º 24 S4 Ch. 2 34Do Not Use 44 0.004º or 0.005º for5 S1 Ch. 1 15 0.2º 25 R1 Ch.2 Ref Hi 35Do Not Use 45 20 deg. (BCD)6 S2 Ch. 1 16 4º 26 R2 Ch. 2 Ref LO 36Reference Out Hi 46 40 deg. (BCD)7 S3 Ch. 1 17 1º 27 Not Data Freeze 37Reference Out Lo 47 80 deg. (BCD)8 S4 Ch. 1 18 Do Not Use 28 0.02º 380.008º 48 10 deg. (BCD)9 R1 Ch. 1 Ref HI 19 DC out Ch.2 29 0.08º 390.002 º 49 100 deg. (BCD)10R2 Ch. 1 Ref LO 20Local/Rem select300.1º400.001º or 0.005º for179.9950200º or + bit for 179.9º* Previous models allowed power input at pins 1 & 2. To meet new safety requirements, power input is ONLY via the Power Entry module.(Table 5) J2 CONNECTOR, IEEE - 488 PIN DESIGNATIONSStandard IEEE Interface ConnectorPin Designation Pin Designation1 DIO1 13 DIO52 DIO214 DIO63 DIO315 DIO74 DIO416 DIO85 EOI 17 REN6 DAV 18 Gnd., DAV7 NRFD 19 Gnd.,NRFD8 NDAC 20 Gnd.,NDAC9 IFC 21 Gnd., IFC10 SRQ 22 Gnd., SRQ11 ATN 23 Gnd., ATN12 Shield 24 Gnd., LogicOne optional Reference supplyORDERING INFORMATIONPart numbers:8810A- *Standard accuracy ±0.004° (See Detail Accuracy Specifications)Add “R” for an internal programmable 2.2 VA Reference Generator8810AH- *Optional high accuracy unit±0.0015° (See Detail Accuracy Specifications) Add “R” for an internal programmable 2.2 VA Reference GeneratorNOTE: The 8810A (all models) are | compliantACCESSORIESIncluded with the 8810A is an accessory kit NAI part number 8810A-ACCESSORY-KIT.Kit includes the following items:Description NAI P/N50 Pin Mating connector for J1 05-0053Fuse, 5 x 20mm, 2A, slo-blo 99-0146Line Cord 202-0002Optional Mounting AccessoriesThe 8810A can be ordered with mounting adapters for mounting either one or two units in a standard 19-inch equipment rack. The table below describes full rack and tandem full rack mounting accessories.Type of Mount Description NAI P/NFull Rack Mounting Mounts one unit in 19-inch rack 783893Tandem Full Rack Mounting ½ height Mounts two units side by side in 19-inch rack548557(3-1/2" rack height)One optional Reference supply MECHANICAL OUTLINE, Model 8810AOne optional Reference supplyRevision HistoryRevision DescriptionofChange EngineerDateA PreliminaryRelease FH / as 05 DEC 05 A1 PreliminaryRe-release FH / as 06 JAN 06B InitialRelease AS 10 FEB 06C Corrected discrepancies (Resolution / accuracy) with operations manual FR 30 JUN 06D Restated accuracy specifications pg 1 & pg 3, changed operating temp. to 50 deg C max.added high accuracy P/N 8810AHFR 18 JUL 06E Updated all screen shots to latest actual units, added additional connector interfaceinformation, added Mechanical outline drawing, modified Title of document, changed filename from “8810A-B001 revX” to from “8810A-A001 revX” for consistency.FR 07 AUG 06F Corrected Tilt stand information (standard, not optional) FR 08/11/06F1 Deleted mouse as a purchase option, changed Ref. Generator output to 1.2VA FR 08/22/06F2 NewAddress KL 04/25/07F3 Edited accuracy specifications pg 1& 3, changed Band Width statement pg.3, added pageafter “SPECIFICATIONS” with Accuracy Tables for “A” & “AH” models & addedCALIBRATION statement. Edited Part numbers re: accuracy. Changed power output ratingfor Optional reference from 1.2 VA to 2.2 VA on pgs 1, 3 & 6.FR 09/27/07F4 Added|compliant statement to page 1 & 6. FR10/09/07 F5 Corrected minor typo. errors pages 1,3 & 4, added note re: Reference Output Drive details. FR 10/11/07G Added REF frequency characterization for voltage output, changed max REF harmoniccontent from 1% to 2% (Reference Generator Specifications pg.3).AS 11/07/07H Updated 3 screen shots on page 2 (Dual Ch., Int. Ref. & Loc./Remote). Updated “MechanicalOutline” drawing on pg. 7.FR 1/02/08。

A very brief guide to using MXMMichail Tsagris,Vincenzo Lagani,Ioannis Tsamardinos1IntroductionMXM is an R package which contains functions for feature selection,cross-validation and Bayesian Networks.The main functionalities focus on feature selection for different types of data.We highlight the option for parallel computing and the fact that some of the functions have been either partially or fully implemented in C++.As for the other ones,we always try to make them faster.2Feature selection related functionsMXM offers many feature selection algorithms,namely MMPC,SES,MMMB,FBED,forward and backward regression.The target set of variables to be selected,ideally what we want to discover, is called Markov Blanket and it consists of the parents,children and parents of children(spouses) of the variable of interest assuming a Bayesian Network for all variables.MMPC stands for Max-Min Parents and Children.The idea is to use the Max-Min heuristic when choosing variables to put in the selected variables set and proceed in this way.Parents and Children comes from the fact that the algorithm will identify the parents and children of the variable of interest assuming a Bayesian Network.What it will not recover is the spouses of the children of the variable of interest.For more information the reader is addressed to[23].MMMB(Max-Min Markov Blanket)extends the MMPC to discovering the spouses of the variable of interest[19].SES(Statistically Equivalent Signatures)on the other hand extends MMPC to discovering statistically equivalent sets of the selected variables[18,9].Forward and Backward selection are the two classical procedures.The functionalities or the flexibility offered by all these algorithms is their ability to handle many types of dependent variables,such as continuous,survival,categorical(ordinal,nominal, binary),longitudinal.Let us now see all of them one by one.The relevant functions are1.MMPC and SES.SES uses MMPC to return multiple statistically equivalent sets of vari-ables.MMPC returns only one set of variables.In all cases,the log-likelihood ratio test is used to assess the significance of a variable.These algorithms accept categorical only, continuous only or mixed data in the predictor variables side.2.wald.mmpc and wald.ses.SES uses MMPC using the Wald test.These two algorithmsaccept continuous predictor variables only.3.perm.mmpc and perm.ses.SES uses MMPC where the p-value is obtained using per-mutations.Similarly to the Wald versions,these two algorithms accept continuous predictor variables only.4.ma.mmpc and ma.ses.MMPC and SES for multiple datasets measuring the same variables(dependent and predictors).5.MMPC.temporal and SES.temporal.Both of these algorithms are the usual SES andMMPC modified for correlated data,such as clustered or longitudinal.The predictor vari-ables can only be continuous.6.fbed.reg.The FBED feature selection method[2].The log-likelihood ratio test or the eBIC(BIC is a special case)can be used.7.fbed.glmm.reg.FBED with generalised linear mixed models for repeated measures orclustered data.8.fbed.ge.reg.FBED with GEE for repeated measures or clustered data.9.ebic.bsreg.Backward selection method using the eBIC.10.fs.reg.Forward regression method for all types of predictor variables and for most of theavailable tests below.11.glm.fsreg Forward regression method for logistic and Poisson regression in specific.Theuser can call this directly if he knows his data.12.lm.fsreg.Forward regression method for normal linear regression.The user can call thisdirectly if he knows his data.13.bic.fsreg.Forward regression using BIC only to add a new variable.No statistical test isperformed.14.bic.glm.fsreg.The same as before but for linear,logistic and Poisson regression(GLMs).15.bs.reg.Backward regression method for all types of predictor variables and for most of theavailable tests below.16.glm.bsreg.Backward regression method for linear,logistic and Poisson regression(GLMs).17.iamb.The IAMB algorithm[20]which stands for Incremental Association Markov Blanket.The algorithm performs a forward regression at first,followed by a backward regression offering two options.Either the usual backward regression is performed or a faster variation, but perhaps less correct variation.In the usual backward regression,at every step the least significant variable is removed.In the IAMB original version all non significant variables are removed at every step.18.mmmb.This algorithm works for continuous or categorical data only.After applying theMMPC algorithm one can go to the selected variables and perform MMPC on each of them.A list with the available options for this argument is given below.Make sure you include the test name within””when you supply it.Most of these tests come in their Wald and perm (permutation based)versions.In their Wald or perm versions,they may have slightly different acronyms,for example waldBinary or WaldOrdinal denote the logistic and ordinal regression respectively.1.testIndFisher.This is a standard test of independence when both the target and the setof predictor variables are continuous(continuous-continuous).2.testIndSpearman.This is a non-parametric alternative to testIndFisher test[6].3.testIndReg.In the case of target-predictors being continuous-mixed or continuous-categorical,the suggested test is via the standard linear regression.If the robust option is selected,M estimators[11]are used.If the target variable consists of proportions or percentages(within the(0,1)interval),the logit transformation is applied beforehand.4.testIndRQ.Another robust alternative to testIndReg for the case of continuous-mixed(or continuous-continuous)variables is the testIndRQ.If the target variable consists of proportions or percentages(within the(0,1)interval),the logit transformation is applied beforehand.5.testIndBeta.When the target is proportion(or percentage,i.e.,between0and1,notinclusive)the user can fit a regression model assuming a beta distribution[5].The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.6.testIndPois.When the target is discrete,and in specific count data,the default test isvia the Poisson regression.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.7.testIndNB.As an alternative to the Poisson regression,we have included the Negativebinomial regression to capture cases of overdispersion[8].The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.8.testIndZIP.When the number of zeros is more than expected under a Poisson model,thezero inflated poisson regression is to be employed[10].The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.9.testIndLogistic.When the target is categorical with only two outcomes,success or failurefor example,then a binary logistic regression is to be used.Whether regression or classifi-cation is the task of interest,this method is applicable.The advantage of this over a linear or quadratic discriminant analysis is that it allows for categorical predictor variables as well and for mixed types of predictors.10.testIndMultinom.If the target has more than two outcomes,but it is of nominal type(political party,nationality,preferred basketball team),there is no ordering of the outcomes,multinomial logistic regression will be employed.Again,this regression is suitable for clas-sification purposes as well and it to allows for categorical predictor variables.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.11.testIndOrdinal.This is a special case of multinomial regression,in which case the outcomeshave an ordering,such as not satisfied,neutral,satisfied.The appropriate method is ordinal logistic regression.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.12.testIndTobit(Tobit regression for left censored data).Suppose you have measurements forwhich values below some value were not recorded.These are left censored values and by using a normal distribution we can by pass this difficulty.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.13.testIndBinom.When the target variable is a matrix of two columns,where the first one isthe number of successes and the second one is the number of trials,binomial regression is to be used.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.14.gSquare.If all variables,both the target and predictors are categorical the default test isthe G2test of independence.An alternative to the gSquare test is the testIndLogistic.With the latter,depending on the nature of the target,binary,un-ordered multinomial or ordered multinomial the appropriate regression model is fitted.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.15.censIndCR.For the case of time-to-event data,a Cox regression model[4]is employed.Thepredictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.16.censIndWR.A second model for the case of time-to-event data,a Weibull regression modelis employed[14,13].Unlike the semi-parametric Cox model,the Weibull model is fully parametric.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.17.censIndER.A third model for the case of time-to-event data,an exponential regressionmodel is employed.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.This is a special case of the Weibull model.18.testIndIGreg.When you have non negative data,i.e.the target variable takes positivevalues(including0),a suggested regression is based on the the inverse Gaussian distribution.The link function is not the inverse of the square root as expected,but the logarithm.This is to ensure that the fitted values will be always be non negative.An alternative model is the Weibull regression(censIndWR).The predictor variables can be either continuous, categorical or mixed.19.testIndGamma(Gamma regression).Gamma distribution is designed for strictly positivedata(greater than zero).It is used in reliability analysis,as an alternative to the Weibull regression.This test however does not accept censored data,just the usual numeric data.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.20.testIndNormLog(Gaussian regression with a log link).Gaussian regression using the loglink(instead of the identity)allows non negative data to be handled naturally.Unlike the gamma or the inverse gaussian regression zeros are allowed.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.21.testIndClogit.When the data come from a case-control study,the suitable test is via con-ditional logistic regression[7].The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.22.testIndMVReg.In the case of multivariate continuous target,the suggested test is viaa multivariate linear regression.The target variable can be compositional data as well[1].These are positive data,whose vectors sum to1.They can sum to any constant,as long as it the same,but for convenience reasons we assume that they are normalised to sum to1.In this case the additive log-ratio transformation(multivariate logit transformation)is applied beforehand.The predictor variables can be either continuous,categorical or mixed.23.testIndGLMMReg.In the case of a longitudinal or clustered target(continuous,propor-tions within0and1(not inclusive)),the suggested test is via a(generalised)linear mixed model[12].The predictor variables can only be continuous.This test is only applicable in SES.temporal and MMPC.temporal.24.testIndGLMMPois.In the case of a longitudinal or clustered target(counts),the suggestedtest is via a(generalised)linear mixed model[12].The predictor variables can only be continuous.This test is only applicable in SES.temporal and MMPC.temporal.25.testIndGLMMLogistic.In the case of a longitudinal or clustered target(binary),thesuggested test is via a(generalised)linear mixed model[12].The predictor variables can only be continuous.This test is only applicable in SES.temporal and MMPC.temporal.To avoid any mistakes or wrongly selected test by the algorithms you are advised to select the test you want to use.All of these tests can be used with SES and MMPC,forward and backward regression methods.MMMB accepts only testIndFisher,testIndSpearman and gSquare.The reason for this is that MMMB was designed for variables(dependent and predictors)of the same type.For more info the user should see the help page of each function.2.1A more detailed look at some arguments of the feature selection algorithmsSES,MMPC,MMMB,forward and backward regression offer the option for robust tests(the argument robust).This is currently supported for the case of Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression at the moment.We plan to extend this option to binary logistic and Poisson regression as well.These algorithms have an argument user test.In the case that the user wants to use his own test,for example,mytest,he can supply it in this argument as is,without””. For all previously mentioned regression based conditional independence tests,the argument works as test=”testIndFisher”.In the case of the user test it works as user test=mytest.The max kargument must always be at least1for SES,MMPC and MMMB,otherwise it is a simple filtering of the variables.The argument ncores offers the option for parallel implementation of the first step of the algorithms.The filtering step,where the significance of each predictor is assessed.If you have a few thousands of variables,maybe this option will do no significant improvement.But, if you have more and a”difficult”regression test,such as quantile regression(testIndRQ),then with4cores this could reduce the computational time of the first step up to nearly50%.For the Poisson,logistic and normal linear regression we have included C++codes to speed up this process,without the use of parallel.The FBED(Forward Backward Early Dropping)is a variant of the Forward selection is per-formed in the first phase followed by the usual backward regression.In some,the variation is that every non significant variable is dropped until no mre significant variables are found or there is no variable left.The forward and backward regression methods have a few different arguments.For example stopping which can be either”BIC”or”adjrsq”,with the latter being used only in the linear regression case.Every time a variable is significant it is added in the selected variables set.But, it may be the case,that it is actually not necessary and for this reason we also calculate the BIC of the relevant model at each step.If the difference BIC is less than the tol(argument)threshold value the variable does not enter the set and the algorithm stops.The forward and backward regression methods can proceed via the BIC as well.At every step of the algorithm,the BIC of the relevant model is calculated and if the BIC of the model including a candidate variable is reduced by more that the tol(argument)threshold value that variable is added.Otherwise the variable is not included and the algorithm stops.2.2Other relevant functionsOnce SES or MMPC are finished,the user might want to see the model produced.For this reason the functions ses.model and mmpc.model can be used.If the user wants to get some summarised results with MMPC for many combinations of max k and treshold values he can use the mmpc.path function.Ridge regression(ridge.reg and ridge.cv)have been implemented. Note that ridge regression is currently offered only for linear regression with continuous predictor variables.As for some miscellaneous,we have implemented the zero inflated Poisson and beta regression models,should the user want to use them.2.3Cross-validationcv.ses and cv.mmpc perform a K-fold cross validation for most of the aforementioned regression models.There are many metric functions to be used,appropriate for each case.The folds can be generated in a stratified fashion when the dependent variable is categorical.3NetworksCurrently three algorithms for constructing Bayesian Networks(or their skeleton)are offered,plus modifications.MMHC(Max-Min Hill-Climbing)[23],(mmhc.skel)which constructs the skeleton of the Bayesian Network(BN).This has the option of running SES[18]instead.MMHC(Max-Min Hill-Climbing)[23],(local.mmhc.skel)which constructs the skeleton around a selected node.It identifies the Parents and Children of that node and then finds their Parents and Children.MMPC followed by the PC rules.This is the command mmpc.or.PC algorithm[15](pc.skel for which the orientation rules(pc.or)have been implemented as well.Both of these algorithms accept continuous only,categorical data only or a mix of continuous,multinomial and ordinal.The skeleton of the PC algorithm has the option for permutation based conditional independence tests[21].The functions ci.mm and ci.fast perform a symmetric test with mixed data(continuous, ordinal and binary data)[17].This is employed by the PC algorithm as well.Bootstrap of the PC algorithm to estimate the confidence of the edges(pc.skel.boot).PC skeleton with repeated measures(glmm.pc.skel).This uses the symetric test proposed by[17]with generalised linear models.Skeleton of a network with continuous data using forward selection.The command work does a similar to MMHC task.It goes to every variable and instead applying the MMPC algorithm it applies the forward selection regression.All data must be continuous,since the Pearson correlation is used.The algorithm is fast,since the forward regression with the Pearson correlation is very fast.We also have utility functions,such as1.rdag and rdag2.Data simulation assuming a BN[3].2.findDescendants and findAncestors.Descendants and ancestors of a node(variable)ina given Bayesian Network.3.dag2eg.Transforming a DAG into an essential(mixed)graph,its class of equivalent DAGs.4.equivdags.Checking whether two DAGs are equivalent.5.is.dag.In fact this checks whether cycles are present by trying to topologically sort theedges.BNs do not allow for cycles.6.mb.The Markov Blanket of a node(variable)given a Bayesian Network.7.nei.The neighbours of a node(variable)given an undirected graph.8.undir.path.All paths between two nodes in an undirected graph.9.transitiveClosure.The transitive closure of an adjacency matrix,with and without arrow-heads.10.bn.skel.utils.Estimation of false discovery rate[22],plus AUC and ROC curves based onthe p-values.11.bn.skel.utils2.Estimation of the confidence of the edges[16],plus AUC and ROC curvesbased on the confidences.12.plotnetwork.Interactive plot of a graph.4AcknowledgmentsThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Coun-cil under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme(FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n.617393.References[1]John Aitchison.The statistical analysis of compositional data.Chapman and Hall London,1986.[2]Giorgos Borboudakis and Ioannis Tsamardinos.Forward-Backward Selection with Early Drop-ping,2017.[3]Diego Colombo and Marloes H Maathuis.Order-independent constraint-based causal structurelearning.Journal of Machine Learning Research,15(1):3741–3782,2014.[4]David Henry Cox.Regression Models and Life-Tables.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,34(2):187–220,1972.[5]Silvia Ferrari and Francisco Cribari-Neto.Beta regression for modelling rates and proportions.Journal of Applied Statistics,31(7):799–815,2004.[6]Edgar C Fieller and Egon S Pearson.Tests for rank correlation coefficients:II.Biometrika,48:29–40,1961.[7]Mitchell H Gail,Jay H Lubin,and Lawrence V Rubinstein.Likelihood calculations for matchedcase-control studies and survival studies with tied death times.Biometrika,68(3):703–707, 1981.[8]Joseph M Hilbe.Negative binomial regression.Cambridge University Press,2011.[9]Vincenzo Lagani,Giorgos Athineou,Alessio Farcomeni,Michail Tsagris,and IoannisTsamardinos.Feature Selection with the R Package MXM:Discovering Statistically-Equivalent Feature Subsets.Journal of Statistical Software,80(7),2017.[10]Diane Lambert.Zero-inflated Poisson regression,with an application to defects in manufac-turing.Technometrics,34(1):1–14,1992.[11]RARD Maronna,Douglas Martin,and Victor Yohai.Robust statistics.John Wiley&Sons,Chichester.ISBN,2006.[12]Jose Pinheiro and Douglas Bates.Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS.Springer Science&Business Media,2006.[13]FW Scholz.Maximum likelihood estimation for type I censored Weibull data including co-variates,1996.[14]Richard L Smith.Weibull regression models for reliability data.Reliability Engineering&System Safety,34(1):55–76,1991.[15]Peter Spirtes,Clark Glymour,and Richard Scheines.Causation,Prediction,and Search.TheMIT Press,second edi edition,12001.[16]Sofia Triantafillou,Ioannis Tsamardinos,and Anna Roumpelaki.Learning neighborhoods ofhigh confidence in constraint-based causal discovery.In European Workshop on Probabilistic Graphical Models,pages487–502.Springer,2014.[17]Michail Tsagris,Giorgos Borboudakis,Vincenzo Lagani,and Ioannis Tsamardinos.Constraint-based Causal Discovery with Mixed Data.In The2017ACM SIGKDD Work-shop on Causal Discovery,14/8/2017,Halifax,Nova Scotia,Canada,2017.[18]I.Tsamardinos,gani,and D.Pappas.Discovering multiple,equivalent biomarker sig-natures.In In Proceedings of the7th conference of the Hellenic Society for Computational Biology&Bioinformatics,Heraklion,Crete,Greece,2012.[19]Ioannis Tsamardinos,Constantin F Aliferis,and Alexander Statnikov.Time and sampleefficient discovery of Markov blankets and direct causal relations.In Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining,pages673–678.ACM,2003.[20]Ioannis Tsamardinos,Constantin F Aliferis,Alexander R Statnikov,and Er Statnikov.Al-gorithms for Large Scale Markov Blanket Discovery.In FLAIRS conference,volume2,pages 376–380,2003.[21]Ioannis Tsamardinos and Giorgos Borboudakis.Permutation testing improves Bayesian net-work learning.In ECML PKDD’10Proceedings of the2010European conference on Machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases,pages322–337.Springer-Verlag,2010.[22]Ioannis Tsamardinos and Laura E Brown.Bounding the False Discovery Rate in LocalBayesian Network Learning.In AAAI,pages1100–1105,2008.[23]Ioannis Tsamardinos,Laura E.Brown,and Constantin F.Aliferis.The Max-Min Hill-ClimbingBayesian Network Structure Learning Algorithm.Machine Learning,65(1):31–78,2006.。

T5652-SInstallation & Operation4Dear Customer,Congratulations on your purchase of the world’s finest brand of car audio products. At Rockford Fosgate we are fanatics about musical reproduc-tion at its best, and we are pleased you chose our product. Through years of engineering expertise, hand craftsmanship and critical testing procedures, we have created a wide range of products that reproduce music with all the clarity and richness you deserve.For maximum performance we recommend you have your new Rockford Fosgate product installed by an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer, as we provide specialized training through Rockford Technical Training Institute (RTTI). Please read your warranty and retain your receipt and original carton for possible future use.Great product and competent installations are only a piece of the puzzle when it comes to your system. Make sure that your installer is using 100% authentic installation accessories from Rockford Fosgate in your installation. Rockford Fosgate has everything from RCA cables and speaker wire to power wire and battery connectors. Insist on it! After all, your new system deserves nothing but the best.To add the finishing touch to your new Rockford Fosgate image order your Rockford accessories, which include everything from T-shirts to jackets.Visit our web site for the latest information on all Rockford products ; or, in the U.S. call 1-800-669-9899 or FAX 1-800-398-3985. For all other countries, call +001-480-967-3565 or FAX +001-480-966-3983.Table of Content If, after reading your manual, you still have questions regarding this prod-uct, we recommend that you see your Rockford Fosgate dealer. If you need further assistance, you can call us direct at 1-800-669-9899. Be sure to have your serial number, model number and date of purchase available when you call.Safety This symbol with “WARNING” is intended to alert the user to the presence of important instructions. Failure to heed the instructions will result in severe injury or death.This symbol with “CAUTION” is intended to alert the user to the presence of important instructions. Failure to heed the instructions can result in injury or unit damage.• To prevent injury and damage to the unit, please read and follow the instructions in this manual. We want you to enjoy this system, not get a headache.•If you feel unsure about installing this system yourself, have it installed by a qualified Rockford Fosgate technician.• Before installation, disconnect the battery negative (-) terminal to prevent damage to the unit, fire and/or possible injury.Introduction©2011Rockford Corporation.All Rights Reversed.ROCKFORD FOSGATE and associated logos where applicable are registered trademarks of Rockford Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Specifications subject to change without notice.Continuous exposure to sound pressure levels over 100dB may cause permanent hearing loss. High powered auto sound systems may produce sound pressure levels well over 130dB. Use common sense and practice safe sound.4Introduction 5-7Specifications8-9InstallationInstallation ConsiderationsMountingWiring10System Setup11Troubleshooting12-15Additional LanguagesFrenchSpanishGermanItalian16Limited Warranty InformationFrequency responce includes summed Far-Field and Near-Field IEC60268-5 baffle measurements.Vas0.81ft3 (23.0L)Sensitivity (1W/1M)88.5dBSensitivity (2.83V/1M)91.5dBXmax0.28” (7.0mm)Mounting Diameter 5.67” (144.0mm)Mounting Depth 2.79” (71.0mm)Grille/Trim Ring YESAdaptor Plate N/ASee pages 6-7 for additional dimensions ArrayCEA 2006Power ratings on Rockford Fosgate amplifiers conform to CEA-2006 industry standards. These guidelines meanyour amplifier’s output power ratings are REAL POWER numbers, not inflated marketing ratings.56Specificationsillus.-1.1T5 - Mid-Bass6.18"(157.0mm)Diameter0.63"(17.0mm)T5 - TweeterSpecificationsT5 - Crossoverillus.-1.278• (1) Power T5 stereo crossover• (1) Pair of grilles/trim rings• Tweeter mounting hardware with surface/angle, and flush mounts • Remote Tuning Module tethering cable• Power/Ground harness• Stacking clip (for optional multiple T5 component installation)• Mounting hardwareInstallation ConsiderationsBefore beginning any installation, follow these simple rules:1. Be sure to carefully read and understand the instructions before attempting to install these speakers.2. For safety, disconnect the negative lead from the battery prior to beginning the installation.3. For easier assembly, we suggest you run all wires prior to mounting your speakers in place.4. Use high quality connectors for a reliable installation and to minimize signal or power loss.5. Think before you drill! Be careful not to cut or drill into gas tanks, fuel lines, brake or hydraulic lines, vacuum lines or electrical wiring when working on any vehicle. If installation in a boat, take care not to cut or drill through the main hull.6. Never run wires underneath the vehicle. Running the wires inside the vehicle or hull area provides the best protection.7. Avoid running wires over or through sharp edges. Use rubber or plastic grommets to protect any wires routed through metal, especially the firewall.MountingMid-Bass1. Determine where the speakers will be mounted. Ensure an area large enough for the speaker to mount evenly. Be sure that the mounting location is deep enough for the speaker to fit; if mounting in a door, operate all functions (windows, locks, etc.) through their entire operating range to ensure there is no obstruction.2. Refer to the specification chart to determine the proper diameter hole to cut for your speaker model. Cutting and mounting templates can be found at .3. Mark the locations for the mounting screws. Drill the holes with a 1/8” bit.4. Feed the speaker wires through the cutout and connect to the speaker terminals. Be sure to observe proper polarity when connecting the wires. The speaker’s positive terminal is indicated with a “+”. 6. Tighten the screws until the speaker is snug in place to prevent rattling. Do not over tighten the screws.Tweeter - Discreet Dual Clamp (DDC™)1. Determine where the speakers will be mounted. Ensure an area large enough for the speaker to mount evenly. Be sure that the mounting location is deep enough for the speaker to fit; if mounting in a door, operate all functions (windows, locks, etc.) through their entire operating range to ensure there is no obstruction.2. Mark the location for the mounting hole. Drill the hole with a standard 1.75 inch (45mm) hole saw.3. With a single center screw secure the inner cup from the front of the door panel to the outer cup from back of the door panel. Tighten the screw until balanced pressure is applied to both faces of the mounting surface. 4. Feed the speaker wires through the cutout and connect to the speaker terminals. Be sure to observe proper polarity when connecting the wires. The speaker’s lead wires are indicated with a RED wire “+” and a BLACK wire “-”.5. Simply snap the tweeter into place and secure with a snap-on trim TM )InstallationStandard1. Use illustration for proper connection and be sure to maintain speaker911TroubleshootingTroubleshootingNOTE: If you are having problems after installation follow the Trouble-shooting procedures below.No LED’s illuminated on the Remote Tuning Module when docked.1. Verify Remote Tuning Module is properly seated in crossover housing.2. Verify that Ground connection is connected to clean metal on the vehicle’s chassis. Repair/replace if necessary.3. Verify there is 9 to 14.4 Volts present at the power source. Verify quality connection at power source. Repair/replace if necessary.4. Check fuse(s) on power source. Replace if necessary.No LED’s illuminated on the Remote Tuning Module when tethered .1. Verify that Remote Tuning Module functions correctly when docked. See Step 1.2. Verify tethering cable is securely connected at the Remote Tuning Module as well as at the crossover connection port. Repair/replace if necessary.All the LED’s are illuminated on the Remote Tuning Module when docked.1.simultaneously for 5 seconds, then release.All the LED’s are illuminated on the Remote Tuning Module when tethered.1. Verify that Remote Tuning Module functions correctly when docked. See Step 3.2. With the crossover power on re-dock the Remote Tuning Module. Allow to remain docked for 5 seconds, then attempt to tether again.The LED’s of the Remote Tuning Module remain illuminated withvehicle turned off.1. Ensure use of a switched 12 Volt source for power source of the Remote Tuning Module.No sound from 1 or more of the component speakers.1. Verify quality connections for the speaker wires at amplifier, crossover, and speaker terminal.2. Verify the crossover jumpers are all installed for standard wiring option or all removed for bi-amp wiring option. See installation-wiring.12Rockford Corporation offers a limited warranty on Rockford Fosgate products on the following terms:Length of WarrantySpeakers, Signal Processors, PRIME and PUNCH Amplifiers – 1 Year POWER Amplifiers – 2 Years Any Factory Refurbished Product – 90 days (receipt required)What is CoveredThis warranty applies only to Rockford Fosgate products sold to consumers by Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealers in the United States of America or its possessions. Product purchased by consumers from an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer in another country are covered only by that country’s Distribu-tor and not by Rockford Corporation.Who is CoveredThis warranty covers only the original purchaser of Rockford product purchased from an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer in the United States. In order to receive service, the purchaser must provide Rockford with a copy of the receipt stating the customer name, dealer name, product purchased and date of purchase.Products found to be defective during the warranty period will be repaired or replaced (with a product deemed to be equivalent) at Rockford’s discretion.What is Not Covered 1. Damage caused by accident, abuse, improper operations,water, theft, shipping.2. Any cost or expense related to the removal or reinstallation of product.3. Service performed by anyone other than Rockford or an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Service Center.4. Any product which has had the serial number defaced, altered, or removed.5. Subsequent damage to other components.6. Any product purchased outside the U.S.7. Any product not purchased from an Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer.Limit on Implied WarrantiesAny implied warranties including warranties of fitness for use and merchantability are limited in duration to the period of the express warranty set forth above. Some states do not allow limitations on the length of an implied warranty, so this limitation may not apply. No person is authorized to assume for Rockford Fosgate any other liability in connection with the sale of the product.How to Obtain ServiceContact the Authorized Rockford Fosgate Dealer you purchased this product from. If you need further assistance, call 1-800-669-9899 for Rockford Cus-tomer Service. You must obtain an RA# (Return Authorization number) to return any product to Rockford Fosgate. You are responsible for shipment of product to Rockford.EU WarrantyThis product meets the current EU warranty requirements, see your Authorized dealer for details.WarrantyInstallation assistance availible at:/rftechR O C K F O R D F O S G A T E.C O M600 South Rockford Drive • Tempe, Arizona 85281 United States Direct: (480) 967-3565 • Toll Free: (800) 669-9899。

中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗指南(2016)中华心血管病杂志，第44卷第5期第382页-第400页自"中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗指南2012(简本)" [1]更新以来，在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI)及其相关领域又积累了众多临床证据。

为此，中华医学会心血管病学分会介入心脏病学组、中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会血栓防治专业委员会、中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会组织专家组，在2009和2012年中国PCI 指南[1,2]的基础上，根据最新临床研究成果、特别是结合中国人群的大型随机临床试验结果，参考最新美国心脏病学学院/美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA)以及欧洲心脏病学学会(ESC)等组织发布的相关指南[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]、并结合我国国情及临床实践，对PCI治疗领域的热点和焦点问题进行了全面讨论并达成一致共识，在此基础上编写了本指南。

为便于读者了解PCI对某一适应证的价值或意义，本指南对推荐类别的表述沿用国际通用的方式。

Ⅰ类：指已证实和(或)一致公认有益、有用和有效的操作或治疗，推荐使用。

Ⅱ类：指有用和(或)有效的证据尚有矛盾或存在不同观点的操作或治疗。

Ⅱa类：有关证据/观点倾向于有用和(或)有效，应用这些操作或治疗是合理的。

Ⅱb类：有关证据/观点尚不能被充分证明有用和(或)有效，可考虑应用。

Ⅲ类：指已证实和(或)一致公认无用和(或)无效，并对一些病例可能有害的操作或治疗，不推荐使用。

对证据来源的水平表达如下。

证据水平A：资料来源于多项随机临床试验或荟萃分析。

证据水平B：资料来源于单项随机临床试验或多项非随机对照研究。

证据水平C：仅为专家共识意见和(或)小规模研究、回顾性研究和注册研究。

概述一、建立质量控制体系对于每一个开展PCI的中心，应建立质量控制体系(Ⅰ，C)，包括：(1)回顾分析整个中心的介入治疗结局和质量；(2)回顾分析每个术者的介入治疗结局和质量；(3)引入风险调控措施；(4)对复杂病例进行同行评议；(5)随机抽取病例作回顾分析。