2020职称英语新增文章：The Enemy Within

Hackers: The Enemy on the InternetUntil comparatively recently the opportunities for criminal activity on the Internet have been low. However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, ad people order books and other products and make money transactions. All this is creating temptations for hackers.Hackers are often young people who are obsessed by computers. They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computer systems run by banks, telephone companies and even government department. They look for samples of credit cards and try to steal the numbers.Recently in America, hackers have been caught testing the security system at the Pentagon, headquarters of the American Defense Department. But still the hackers p ersist often for a dare “because it’s there” although with what success nobody really knows.Estimates for worldwide sales on the Internet now range between $US 40 billion and $US 90 billion by the end of the year 2000. Much of this is in publishing and software purchases, which require the disclosure of credit card numbers, but there is really no limit to what can be conducted on the Internet.“You just don’t give your credit card out to anybody,” experts say. “And in the same way that you should regularly change your credit card access number, you can defeat hackers by regularly changing your Internet password. If you don’t ,it’s like leaving the bank vault door wide open.”When it comes to creating your password, experts recommend including a few punctuation marks and numbers rather than relying on letters in the alphabet. Telecom media communications manager Gien Sowry says that when it comes to security of credit cards, the Internet offers a higher standard than many others whose honesty is taken for granted.For example, few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many are equally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.Some customers may inadvertently reveal their passwords to hackers via what is known as a Trojan horse form of virus. ②These are attached to documents or messages being received, and lodge in a computer’s hard drive. Next time the customer logs on to an Internet service provider the virus reveals where it is and the password to anyone who is prowling the Net looking for such information. They can then tap in.The two ways to defeat such snooping are:1) to have an up-to-date virus scanner which can recognise the invader and delete it, and2) constant password changes.。

敌人英语作文模板万能版The enemy English essay template universal version。

Introduction。

The concept of an enemy is one that has been present throughout human history. Whether it be in the form of rival nations, opposing ideologies, or personal conflicts, the idea of an enemy is something that is deeply ingrained in our society. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of the enemy and its impact on individuals and societies.Definition of an enemy。

An enemy can be defined as a person or group that is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something. This opposition can be based on a variety of factors, including political, religious, or personal differences. Enemies can take many forms, from individual adversaries to entire nations or ideologies. The concept of an enemy is one that is deeply rooted in human nature, as individuals and societies have always sought to protect themselves from perceived threats.The impact of enemies on individuals。

英语作文：直面内在的敌人 Facing the Enemies With英语作文：直面内在的敌人 Facing the Enemies WithinWe are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Maybe some of our fears are brought on by your own experiences, by what someone has told you, by what you’ve read in the papers. Some fears are valid, like walking alone in a bad part of town at two o’clock in the morning. But once you learn to avoid that situation, you won’t need to live in fear o f it.我们的勇气并不是与生俱来的，我们的恐惧也不是。

也许有些恐惧来自你的亲身经历，别人告诉你的故事，或你在报纸上读到的东西。

有些恐惧可以理解，例如在凌晨两点独自走在城里不安全的地段。

但是一旦你学会避免那种情况，你就不必生活在恐惧之中。

Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy our ambitions. Fear can destroy fortunes. Fear can destroy relationships. Fear, if left unchecked, can destroy our lives. Fear is one of the many enemies lurking inside us.恐惧，哪怕是最基本的恐惧，也可能彻底粉碎我们的抱负。

恐惧可能摧毁财富，也可能摧毁一段感情。

Let’s have an enemy partyThere are all kinds of enemies, and one of the arts of living is to learn to tell them apart. But consider the kind who never meant to be an enemy at all, and doesn’t want to be an enemy, really. He’s not mad at you; he’s mad at the world, and if you are wandering around on his lonely battlefield, you get shot, which is not meant for you at all.Let me tell you about one of them. She was the darkeyed daughter of our town barber: a big, stormy Gina Lollobrigida. Years ago, I brought my two little girls home from South America and put them in school down the road. They talked a very peculiar language that was neither English nor Spanish, and their classmates gave them a hard time. Especially Gina, who was older and the ringleader(元凶) of the terror of the tiny kids. She had an air of anger with her fiery eyes, which seemed to pierce through anyone who dared to cross her path. Her words were hurtful, and even in moments of silence, the tension surrounding her was evident, like a thick wall built between her and the rest of the world. When my daughters were misunderstood and teased because of an unfamiliar language, Gina proved to be the most troublesome among all the students, dominating the younger children and causing chaos whenever she pleased.Pat and Peggy came home crying almost every day, so I decided to cheer them up. “Let’s have a party,” I said. Pat’s and Peggy’s tears dried magically. Right away they got creative: “Ice cream! Cake, big red balloons!”“And friends?” I said. The tears started again. “We haven’t got any friends,” Pat cried. Peggy howled, “Nothing but enemies.” Then I had one of my rare inspirations. “Let’s have an enemy party. Let’s invite all your enemies – and we’ll fill them up with ice cream and cake and give them red balloons to take home.Little Pat and Peggy exchanged knowing looks, and one of them said in Spanish, “Qué passa al Viejo?” (“What is wrong with dad?”)It turned out that the “Enemy Party” was a mad, merry success.Another bonus of the party was that Gina seemed a different person afterwards.【文本解读】作者一家从南美洲搬来，他的两个女儿Pat 和 Peggy由于语言问题在学校常常遭到同学的误解和取笑。

2020年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类C阅读判断第2部分：阅读判断（第16——22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Time to Stop Traveling by AirTwenty-five years ago a young British man called Mark Ellingham decided that he wanted a change of scenery. So he went to Australia, stopping off in many countries beween. Healso decided to write about the experience and produced a guide for other travelers making similar journeys.In 1970, British airports were used by 32 million people. In 2004, the figure was 216 million. In 2030, according to government forecasts, it will be around 500 million. It’s a growth driven by the emergence of low cost airlines, offering access to all parts of the world for less than ￡100.This has made ahuge contribution to global warming. One return flight from Britain to the US produces the same carbon dioxide (二氧化碳）as a year’s motoring (驾车). A return flight to Australia equals the emissions (排放）of three average cars for a year. And the pollution is released at a height where its effect on climate change is more than double that on the ground.Mark Ellingham built his business on helping people travel. Now he wants to help people stop –at least by air.He is calling fora ￡100 green tax on all flights to Europe and Africa, and ￡250 on flights to the rest of the world. He also wants investment to create a low-carbon economy,as well as a halt to airport expansion.Mark Ellingham’s commitmentis important because his readers aren’t just the sort of young and adventurous people who would happily jump on a plane to spend a weekend exploring a foreignculture. They are also the sort of people who say they care about the environment.It's a debate that splits people down the middle.The tourist industry has responded by offering offsetting (补偿) schemes. A small increase in the price of a ticket is used to plant trees.But critics say that it is not enough to just be carbon neutral. We should be actively cuttingback on putting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. And for the average person,making a plane journey will be his or her largest contribution to globalwarming. It may be good to repair the damage we do. But surely it is better notto do the damage in the first place.16. Mark Ellingham spent quite a few days in China on his way to Australia 25 years ago.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned17. Traveling from Britain to any other part of the world may cost you less than ￡100.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned18. A round trip flight from Britain to Australia produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as three average cars do in a year.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned19. Mark Ellingham has never hesitated toencourage people to travel byA. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned20. Mark Ellingham's readers are not interested inenvironmental protection.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned21. Critics argue that the best way to protect ourenvironment is not to do any damage to it.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned22. Mark Ellingham will collaborate with thecritics in his efforts to fight global warming.A. RightB. WrongC.Not mentioned。

第十二篇The Enemy WithinAllergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children. In the UK, three million people suffer from asthma, and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy.Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless, such as pollen or peanuts. ____1____ To defend your body against an attacker, the immune system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances, because it mistakenly believes them to be dangerous.An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen (the substance causing the reaction, such as pollen, milk or strawberries). Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become allergic to them. What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an allergy antibody. This antibody then attaches itself to cells, which contain histamine. ____2____ As they do that, the surface of the cells is broken, and histamine is released. The histamine and other chemicals inflame the tissues. This leads to the symptoms of allergy, such as swelling, rashes, sneezing, sore eyes and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts. This must be treated immediately.____3____ Some people are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies, and they are more likely to develop allergies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma.____4____ We eat more processed foods, with a wide range of additives and colourings; more and more people have central heating and double glazing, making our houses warmer and less draughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite.There may also be a link between allergies and antibiotics. At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to win the battle for health, but antibiotics have reduced the amount of work our immune systems have to do. Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless substances such as strawberries. ____5____A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies. Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms, and they may also be offered tests to find out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in future.词汇：allergy n. 过敏，过敏症sufferer n. 患者，受害者asthma n. 哮喘substance n. 物质pollen n. 花粉micro-organism n. 微生物antibodies n. antibody的复数形式，意为抗体allergen n. 过敏源nut n. 坚果histamine n. 组织胺，组胺tissue n. 人体组织symptom n. 病症，征兆rash n. 疱疹sneezing n. 打喷嚏breathlessness n. 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁anaphylaxis n. 全身性过敏反应，过敏反应wasp n. 黄蜂sting n. 蟄，咬hayfever n. 枯草热，花粉病additives n. 添加剂，食品添加剂cure n. 治疗，解药注释：1．suffer from...忍受^的折磨2．be devoted to sth. ...全身心投入于^练习：A The immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers, including viruses, bacteria and parasites.B In other words our immune systems have become over-sensitive.C Allergies run in families.D International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy.E When the antibodies meet the allergen the next time, they attempt to destroy it.F Experts believe more people have developed allergies because of changes in our lifestyle which have exposed us to more allergens.答案与题解：1．A 该是对机体免疫系统功能的介绍，而文中对免疫系统的首次提及是在该选项的上一句话，即描述过敏反应是免疫系统的活动，该选项故而可被视为是对上一句话的补充与说明。

2020职称英语理工B真题及答案：阅读判断(文字版)第2部分：阅读判断（第16——22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Theory of EverythingIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year2020, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had arare disease. This disease causes a gradualdisintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the braincells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurswithin two or three years.Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak.He cannot move his arms or his head. He can not taste of smell anything. Andyet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a positionheld by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.Hawking Is often described as the greatestscientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He isalso known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold overeight million copies.He says that since he does not have tothink about his body or do any of the things other men have to worryabout,such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his timeto thinking. This puts him in theperfect positionto find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. Hisquestion is： Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?Despite his tremendous physicaldisabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about theorigin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it willprobably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes”inspace. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universemust obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone willhave found the answer within the next 20 years.If Stephen Hawking it able to find hisTheory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity tounderstand things that will change the whole nature of science and probablyalso the way we live.16. StephenHawking will be 50 years old by 2020.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案为B;17. StephenHawking suffers from a rare brain disease.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案为B;18. StephenHawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案为A；19. A Brief History of Time is verydifficult for students to understand.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案为B;20. StephenHawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案为B;21. StephenHawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of……….A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned答案为： C.22. TheTheory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in our……… follow.A.RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案为A。

上海初三英语process enemy recognizeskillShanghai is a vibrant and dynamic city known for its rapid economic growth and technological advancements. As a hub of education, the city's schools are constantly striving to provide students with the best possible learning experiences. One such example is the English language education program at the middle school level in Shanghai.At the heart of this program lies a focus on developing the essential skills of processing information, recognizing and understanding enemies or challenges, and honing one's abilities to navigate the complexities of the English language. These three key elements –process, enemy, and skill – form the foundation of the Shanghai middle school English curriculum, empowering students to become confident and proficient communicators in a global context.The process of learning English in Shanghai's middle schools is a multifaceted one, involving a blend of traditional and innovative teaching methods. Students are encouraged to engage in activelearning, where they not only absorb information but also actively participate in the learning process. This includes activities such as group discussions, role-playing exercises, and interactive presentations, all of which help students develop critical thinking skills and the ability to process and apply their knowledge effectively.One of the unique aspects of the Shanghai middle school English program is its emphasis on recognizing and addressing the "enemies" or challenges that students may face in their language learning journey. These challenges can range from mastering complex grammar structures and vocabulary to overcoming the fear of speaking in a foreign language. The curriculum is designed to equip students with the necessary tools and strategies to identify and overcome these obstacles.For instance, students are taught techniques for effective vocabulary acquisition, such as utilizing mnemonic devices, contextual clues, and word roots. They also engage in activities that help them become more comfortable with speaking English, such as participating in debates, public speaking exercises, and role-play scenarios. By addressing these "enemies" head-on, the program aims to build students' confidence and resilience, enabling them to navigate the complexities of the English language with greater ease.At the heart of the Shanghai middle school English program is thedevelopment of essential skills. These skills go beyond the mere memorization of vocabulary and grammar rules, and instead focus on cultivating a well-rounded set of competencies that will serve students well in their academic and professional pursuits.One of the key skills emphasized in the curriculum is the ability to think critically and analytically. Students are encouraged to engage in discussions, analyze texts, and formulate their own arguments and perspectives. This not only enhances their understanding of the language but also fosters the development of essential life skills, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and effective communication.In addition to critical thinking, the program also places a strong emphasis on developing students' language production skills. This includes writing, speaking, and even nonverbal communication, such as body language and tone of voice. Through a variety of writing assignments, oral presentations, and interactive exercises, students are given the opportunity to practice and refine these skills, ultimately becoming more confident and effective communicators in English.Another crucial skill that the Shanghai middle school English program aims to cultivate is the ability to adapt and navigate different cultural contexts. As a global language, English is spokenand used in a wide range of cultural settings. The curriculum, therefore, incorporates elements of intercultural understanding, exposing students to diverse perspectives and encouraging them to develop cultural sensitivity and adaptability.By focusing on these core skills – processing information, recognizing and overcoming challenges, and honing language proficiency – the Shanghai middle school English program prepares students for success not only in their academic pursuits but also in their future careers and personal lives.The impact of this program can be seen in the achievements of its graduates. Many have gone on to excel in prestigious universities, both within China and abroad, and have secured high-profile positions in multinational corporations, international organizations, and various other fields that require strong English language skills.Moreover, the success of the Shanghai middle school English program has garnered attention from educators and policymakers around the world. Many have looked to Shanghai as a model for effective English language education, and have sought to adapt and replicate elements of the program in their own educational systems.In conclusion, the Shanghai middle school English program is a shining example of how a well-designed and comprehensivecurriculum can empower students to become confident and skilled communicators in a global language. By focusing on the key elements of process, enemy, and skill, the program equips students with the tools and strategies they need to navigate the complexities of the English language and thrive in an increasingly interconnected world.。

Facing the Enemies Within阅读理解答案Facing the Enemies WithinWe are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy our ambitions. Fear can destroy fortunes. Fear can destroy relationships. Fear, if left unchecked, can destroy our lives. Fear is one of the many enemies living inside us.___36___The first enemy we face is indecision(优柔寡断). Indecision is the thief of opportunity. __37__ Take a sword to this enemy.The second enemy inside is doubt. __38__ But you also can’t let doubt take over. Many people doubt the past, doubt the future, doubt each other, doubt the government, doubt the possibilities and doubt the opportunities. Worst of all, they doubt themselves. I’m telling you, doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success. It will empty both your bank account and your heart. __39__Do battle with the enemy. Do battle with your fears. __40__ Be courageous in your life and in your pursuit of thethings you want and the person you want to become.A. Sure, there’s room for healthy doubt. You can’t believe everythingB. Build your courage to fight what’s holding you back, what’s keeping you from your goals and dreams.C. Let me tell you about two of the other enemies we face from within.D. Below are the ways which might be useful for us to overcome our fears.E. Doubt is an enemy. Go after it. Get rid of it.F. It will steal your chances for a better future.G. Some people doubt everything.CFAEB。