01-55.SA-336／SA-336M

近年随着石油化工和煤化工的发展，对耐热 钢设备的需求也越来越多，研究耐热钢的特性及耐 热钢设备的制造工艺，特别是大型厚壁高压设备耐 热钢的焊接和热处理尤其重要。在煤化合成氨系统 中，高压废热回收设备工作压力为15-30 MPa,温 度450 °C左右，介质主要为NHj、N2.比、CH4,设 备主体材料选取SA-336 F22 C1.3 （ASTM标准、相 当于国标2.25Cr-lMo）,属珠光体耐热钢，具有良好 的抗氧化性和热强性，广泛用于煤化工、石油化工 中高温装置设备制造。这类材料主要通过在钢中添 加Cr、Mo等合金元素进行强化，其中Cr元素主要 是在钢材表面生成致密的氧化物，不易分解，氧化 物保护膜能提高钢材的耐蚀性，Cr溶于FejC后，可 以提高碳化物的热稳定性，阻止碳化物的分解和缓 解碳在铁素体中扩散，并能有效防止石墨化；Mo元 素能够进入固溶体使其强化，提高材料的高温强度 和蠕变极限，减小钢材的热脆性，还可以提高钢材 的抗腐蚀能力
第56卷第5期 2019年10月
ft I i5畐与管道 PROCESS EQUIPMENT & PIPING
Vol. 56 No. 5 Oct. 2019
SA-336 F22 Cl・3钢焊接热处理工艺研究及应用
陈军 （上海大隆机器厂有限公司，上海200431）
摘要：对SA-336 F22 C1.3钢的焊接热处理工艺展开分析，通过钢材的焊接工艺评定试验，取得了质
1设备制造工艺分析
珠光体耐热钢的高压厚壁容器制造难点在于筒 体厚，焊接过程持续时间长，焊接质量控制难度较大， 主要存在以下3个方面问题：
（1） 珠光体耐热钢在焊后冷却较低温度时发生 马氏体转变，易产生淬硬组织，使焊接接头变脆。焊 接厚板时，由于焊接接头拘束度较大，冷却速度过快， 加上氢的有害影响，极易产生冷裂纹。

W0.002 0.0003
X系数
W12 满足 X系数 W12 满足
J系数
W80 满足 J系数 W80 满足
其中,回火脆性敏感系数满足如下要求：
X =(10P+5Sb+4Sn+As)x10-2
(1)
式中：元素以ppm含量带入，如0.01%应以100 ppm
代入，满足XW12 ppm。
J =(Si+Mn)(P+Sn)x10“W100
tion provides a reference for successful preparation of the hydrogenation reactor.
Key words: hydrogenation reactor； high temperature resistant； corrosion resistance； welding crack
on the welded joints， the results show that the joint performance meets the standard requirements； RT test of the main welded
seam is then conducted, the first-time flaw detection pass rate is over 97%, which effectively reduces the cracks. The produc­
Si W0」 0.07
Cu W0.2 0.04
Mn
0.3-0.6 0.55 Ni W0.2 0.1
P
W0.007 0.0007
Ti W0.03 0.0067
S W0.004 0.0034

ments A 965 Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pres-
sure and High Temperature Parts E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination 2.2 Other Standard: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Weld-
[485- [515-
660] 690]
40 000 45 000
[275] [310]
20
18
40
40
60 00085 000 [415585] 30 000 [205] 20
45
70 00095 000
[485660]
40 000 [275]
20
40
60 000- 80 000- 85 000- 85 000-
ing Qualifications4
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A 788, the purchaser should include with the inquiry and order the following information:
Grade
F1
F11,
F11,
F11,
Class 2 Class 3 Class 1
F12
F5
F5A
F9
F6

SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL CASTINGS, MARTENSITIC STAINLESS AND ALLOY,FOR PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS,SUITABLE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICESA-217/SA-217M(Identical with ASTM Specification A217/A217M-93except for editorial changes in2.2,9.1,and9.3).1.Scope1.1This specification covers martensitic stainless steel and alloy steel castings for valves,flanges,fittings, and other pressure-containing parts(Note1)intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service (Note2).1.2One grade of martensitic stainless steel and eight grades of ferritic alloy steel are covered.Selection will depend on design and service conditions,mechanical properties,and the high-temperature and corrosion-resistant characteristics(Note3).NOTE1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M.Low alloy quench-and-tempered grades equivalent to Specification A217/A217M grades may be found in both Specification A352/A352M and A487/A487M.NOTE2—The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castingsor wrought steel parts by fusion welding.It is not intended to implythat these grades possess equal degrees of weldability;therefore,itis the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.Since these grades possess varying degreesof suitability for high-temperature and corrosion-resistant service,itis also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished,due consideration being given to the requirementsof the applicable construction codes.NOTE3—The committee formulating this specification has included nine grades of materials that are considered to represent basic typesof ferritic alloy steels suitable for valves,flanges,fittings,and other pressure-containing parts.Additional alloy steels that may betterfulfill certain types of service will be considered for inclusion inthis specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.3331.3The values stated in either inch-pound units orSI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore,each system must be used independently ofthe bining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A217and SI units for materials orderedto Specification A217M.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings,Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding,for High-Temperature ServiceA352/A352M Specification for Steel Castings,Ferritic and Martensitic,for Pressure-Containing Parts,Suit-able for Low-Temperature ServiceA487/A487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitablefor Pressure ServiceA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings,Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and PersonnelA703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings,General Requirements,for Pressure-Containing PartsA802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings,Surface Ac-ceptance Standards,Visual ExaminationE165Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection MethodE709Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination989898 9898SA-217/SA-217M1998SECTION II2.2ASME Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,Section IX,Welding and Brazing Qualifications3.General Conditions for Delivery3.1Material furnished to this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of Specification A703/A703M,including any supplementary requirementsthat are indicated on the purchaser’s order.Failure tocomply with the general requirements of SpecificationA703/A703M constitutes nonconformance with thisspecification.In case of conflict between the require-ments of this specification and Specification A703/A703M,this specification shall prevail.4.Ordering Information4.1The inquiry and order should include or indicatethe following:4.1.1A description of the casting by pattern numberor drawing(dimensional tolerances shall be includedon the casting drawing),4.1.2Grade of steel,4.1.3Options in the specification,and4.1.4The supplementary requirements desired in-cluding the standards of acceptance.5.Heat Treatment5.1All castings shall receive a heat treatment properto their design and chemical composition.5.2Castings shall be furnished in the normalizedand tempered conditions;Grades WC1,WC4,WC5,WC6,and CA15shall be tempered at1100°F[595°C]min;Grades WC9,C5,C12,and WC11shall betempered at1250°F[675°C]min.5.3Heat treatment shall be performed after castingshave been allowed to cool below the transformationrange.6.Chemical Composition6.1The steel shall conform to the requirements asto chemical composition prescribed in Table1.3347.Tensile Requirements7.1Steel used for the castings shall conform tothe requirements as to tensile properties prescribed inTable2.8.Quality8.1The surface of the casting shall be examinedvisually and shall be free of adhering sand,scalescracks,and hot tears.Other surface discontinuities shallmeet the visual acceptance standards specified in theorder.Practice A802/A802M or other visual standardsmay be used to define acceptable surface discontinuitiesandfinish.Unacceptable visual surface discontinuitiesshall be removed and their removal verified by visualexamination of the resultant cavities.When methodsinvolving high temperature are used in the removal ofdiscontinuities,castings shall be preheated to at leastthe minimum temperatures in Table3.8.2When additional inspection is desired,Supplemen-tary Requirements S4,S5,and S10may be ordered.8.3The castings shall not be peened,plugged,orimpregnated to stop leaks.9.Repair by Welding9.1Repairs shall be made using procedures andwelders qualified under ASME Section IX.9.2Weld repairs shall be inspected to the samequality standards that are used to inspect the castings.When castings are produced with Supplementary Re-quirement S4specified,weld repairs shall be inspectedby magnetic particle examination to the same standardsthat are used to inspect castings.When castings areproduced with Supplementary Requirement S5specified,weld repairs on castings that have leaked on hydrostatictest,or on castings in which the depth of any cavityprepared for repair welding exceeds20%of the wallthickness or1in.[25mm],whichever is smaller,oron castings in which any cavity prepared for weldingis greater than approximately10in.2[65cm2],shallbe radiographed to the same standards that are usedto inspect the castings.98PART A—FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-217/SA-217M 9.3Weld repairs shall be considered major in thecase of a casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test,or when the depth of the cavity prepared for weldingexceeds20%of the wall thickness or1in.[25mm],whichever is smaller,or when the extent of the cavityexceeds approximately10in.2[65cm2].All castingswith major repair welds shall be postweld heat treatedor completely reheat-treated.This mandatory stress reliefor reheat-treatment shall be in accordance with thequalified procedure used.Major repairs shall be in-spected to the same quality standards that are used toinspect the castings.335SA-217/SA-217M1998SECTION IIT A B L E 1C H E M I C A L R E Q U I R E M E N T SN O T E —A l l v a l u e s a r e m a x i m u m u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d .C o m p o s i t i o n ,%N i c k e l N i c k e l C a r b o n C h r o m i u m C h r o m i u m C h r o m i u m C h r o m i u m C h r o m i u m C h r o m i u m C h r o m i u m M o l y b d e n u mM o l y b d e n u m M o l y b d e n u mM o l y b d e n u m M o l y b d e n u m M o l y b d e n u m M o l y b d e n u m M o l y b d e n u mC h r o m i u mG r a d e I d e n t i f i c a t i o n S y m b o lW C 1W C 4W C 5W C 6W C 9W C 11C 5C 12C A 15C a r b o n 0.250.05–0.200.05–0.200.05–0.200.05–0.180.15–0.210.200.200.15M a n g a n e s e 0.50–0.800.50–0.800.40–0.700.50–0.800.40–0.700.50–0.800.40–0.700.35–0.651.00P h o s p h o r u s 0.040.040.040.040.040.0200.040.040.040S u l f u r 0.0450.0450.0450.0450.0450.0150.0450.0450.040S i l i c o n 0.600.600.600.600.600.30–0.600.751.001.50N i c k e l ...0.70–1.100.60–1.00...............1.00C h r o m i u m ...0.50–0.800.50–0.901.00–1.502.00–2.751.00–1.504.00–6.508.00–10.0011.5–14.0M o l y b d e n u m 0.45–0.650.45–0.650.90–1.200.45–0.650.90–1.200.45–0.650.45–0.650.90–1.200.50A l u m i n u m ...............0.01.........S p e c i f i e d R e s i d u a l E l e m e n t sC o p p e r 0.500.500.500.500.500.350.500.50...N i c k e l 0.50......0.500.500.500.500.50...C h r o m i u m 0.35........................T u n g s t e n 0.100.100.100.100.10...0.100.10...V a n a d i u m ...............0.03.........T o t a l c o n t e n t o f t h e s e r e s i d u a l e l e m e n t s1.000.600.601.001.001.001.001.00...336PART A—FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-217/SA-217MTABLE2TENSILE REQUIREMENTSTensile Yield ElongationStrength,Strength,A in2in.Reductionksi min,ksi[50mm]of Area, Grade[MPa][MPa]min,%B min,%WC165[450]to90[620]35[240]2435WC4,WC5,WC6,WC970[485]to95[655]40[275]2035WC1180[550]to105[725]50[345]1845C5,C1290[620]to115[795]60[415]1835CA1590[620]to115[795]65[450]1830A Determine by either0.2%offset method or0.5%extension-under-load method.B When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specification A703/A703M,the gagelength to reduced section diameter ratio shall be4to1.TABLE3MINIMUM PREHEAT TEMPERATURESMinimumPreheatTemperature,Grade Thickness,in.[mm]°F[°C]WC15⁄8and under50[10]Over5⁄8[15.9]250[120]WC4All300[150]WC5All300[150]WC6All300[150]WC9All400[200]WC11All300[150]C5All400[200]C12All400[200]CA15All400[200]337SA-217/SA-217M1998SECTION IISUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in thepurchase order.A list of standardized supplementary requirements for use at theoption of the purchaser is included in Specification A703/A703M.Those whichare ordinarily considered suitable for use with this specification are given below.Others enumerated in Specification A703/A703M may be used with this specifica-tion upon agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.S1.Unspecified ElementsS2.Destruction TestsS3.Bend TestsS4.Magnetic Particle InspectionS5.Radiographic InspectionS10.Examination of Weld PreparationS10.1The method of performing the magnetic particleor liquid penetrant test shall be in accordance withPractice E165or Practice E709.S13.Hardness TestS21.Heat Treatment Furnace RecordS22.Heat TreatmentS51.Mandatory Postweld Heat TreatmentS51.1All castings with repair welds shall receive amandatory thermal stress relief or complete reheattreatment in accordance with the qualified procedureafter all weld repairs.338。