半水硫酸钙晶须稳定化研究
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第47卷第4期人工晶体学报Vol.47 No.4 2018 年4 月________________________JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS___________________________April,2018常温改性半水硫酸钙晶须及其稳定化机理研究陈畅1,史思涛1,伍勇华1,郭政1,李国新1,苏明周2,王会萌2(1.西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院,西安710055 ;2.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055)摘要:性能优良的半水硫酸钙晶须常用于增强增韧有机复合材料和无机复合材料。
为防止半水硫酸钙晶须与水接 触或在潮湿的环境中发生水化反应而导致晶体结构与性能的破坏,因此需要对半水硫酸钙晶须进行表面改性。
本 文基于溶度积原理,探寻常温下复合改性介质中改性半水硫酸钙晶须的新途径。
采用单掺月桂酸钠、海藻酸钠、硅 酸钠、草酸钠和氟化钠作为改性剂,并设计正交试验探索影响改性效果的显著性因素和最佳改性工艺。
利用XRD、FTIR和SEM对晶须改性前后进行化学组成和微观结构的分析。
研究结果表明,复合改性介质体积比和改性剂种 类是影响改性工艺的显著性因素,改性剂在复合介质中的溶解度直接影响着最终表面改性产物层的性能。
单掺 15%氟化钠或海藻酸钠、复合介质体积比29: 1、改性时间5 min时,改性半水硫酸钙晶须在水中溶解度降低并且能 够保持晶体结构和性能的稳定。
关键词:半水硫酸钙晶须;表面改性;复合改性介质;常温中图分类号:TB383 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-985X (2018) 04-0695-08Stabilization Mechanism of Modified Hemihydrate Calcium SulfateWhisker at Room TemperatureCHEN Chang1, SHI Si-tao1, WU Yong-hua1, GUO Zheng1, LI Guo-xin, SU Ming-zhou2 , WANG Hui-meng2(1. School of Materials and Mineral Resources, Xian University of Architecture and Technology, Xian 710055 , China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Xian University of Architecture and Technology, Xian 710055 , China) Abstract:Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers are used to enhance the mechanical properties of organic composite and inorganic composite because of their excellent performance. The structure and properties of the crystal were destroyed when the whiskers contact with water or are in wet environment, so it is necessary to modify the whiskers. Based on the principle of solubility product, a new modification method of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers in composite modifying medium at room temperature was researched. The inorganic salts were individually used as the modifiers, such as sodium laurate, sodium alginate, sodium silicate, sodium oxalate and sodium fluoride. The significant affecting factors and the optimum modification process were obtained by orthogonal testing. The chemical composition and microstructures of the whisker before and after the modification were analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The volume ratio of composite modifying medium and modifiers were significant factors for the modification process. And the solubility of modifiers in different composite medium influenced the performance of the modified product on the surface of the whiskers. The solubility of the modified whiskers in water was reduced and the stability of the crystal structure and properties were maintained基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51478380)作者简介:陈畅(1977-),男,湖北省人,博士,副教授。
收稿日期:2015-07-14。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(21075026);安徽省高等学校自然科学基金资助项目(KJ2013A228)。
作者简介:侯婷婷(1990—),女,硕士生;通信作者:高大明(1970—),男,教授,dmgao@ 。
引文格式:侯婷婷,江晓敏,郑传阳,等.工业副产物磷石膏制半水硫酸钙晶须的研究[J ].南昌大学学报:工科版,2015,37(3):215-220,251.文章编号:1006-0456(2015)03-0215-06工业副产物磷石膏制半水硫酸钙晶须的研究侯婷婷a ,江晓敏a ,郑传阳a ,高大明b(合肥学院a.生物与环境工程系;b.化学与材料工程系,安徽合肥230601)摘要:固体废弃物磷石膏大量的堆放既占用土地,又会对环境造成污染,以磷石膏为原料制备半水硫酸钙晶须是拓展磷石膏综合利用的新途径。
以安徽新中远化工科技有限公司提供的磷石膏为样品,利用样品磷石膏及经过水洗净化处理的磷石膏为原料,分别在优化的条件下水热和煅烧合成半水硫酸钙晶须。
通过FT-IR 、XRD 、SEM 等对样品与产品进行表征,并对其各项表征结果作对比分析。
结果表明:水洗净化后的磷石膏合成的晶须纯度较高;优化条件下水热和煅烧合成的晶须均为半水硫酸钙晶须,且煅烧合成的晶须效果较水热合成的晶须好。
关键词:固体废弃物;磷石膏;水热和煅烧合成;半水硫酸钙晶须中图分类号:TQ132.32 文献标志码:AStudy on preparation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskerusing industrial by-product phosphogypsumHOU Tingting a ,JIANG Xiaomin a ,ZHENG Chuanyang a ,GAO Daming b(a.Department of Biology and Environment Engineering ;b.Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering ,Hefei University ,Hefei 230601,China )Abstract :Solid waste phosphogypsum (PG )piled up both occupy the land and cause deleterious pollution tothe environment ,therefore.Thus ,a new strategy for developing the comprehensive utilization of PG was explored to use PG as the raw material to prepare calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH )whisKer.PG was utilized as the sample to synthesize CSH whisKer.The sample of phosphogypsum was washed with water to purify as raw materials.Calciumsulfate hemihydrate whisKers were synthesized at optimal conditions by hydrothermal and calcined methods ,respec-tively.FT-IR ,XRD and SEM were recorded to characterize the samples and products.By the comparison and analy-sis of characterization results ,which indicated that the synthesized whisKers from phosphogypsum purified with water were much purer than those of phosphogypsum unpurified.Under the optimized conditions ,both hydrothermal and calcined synthesis whisKers were CSH whisKer ,and the effect of calcined-synthesis whisKer was much better than that of the hydrothermal-synthesis whisKer.Key Words :solid waste ;phosphogypsum ;hydrothermal and calcined synthesis ;calcium sulfate hemihydrate(CSH )whisKer2012年以来我国磷石膏的产量每年约7000万t ,全年磷石膏的综合利用率只有24.28%,累计堆存量已达2.5亿t 之多。
微波干燥硫酸钙晶须的研究张锁龙;刘科【摘要】硫酸钙晶须是一种正在被广泛应用的添加组分,发挥着日益突出的作用.干燥是制备硫酸钙晶须工艺中的重要步骤.为了探究微波干燥方式对硫酸钙晶须干燥的可行性,首先阐述了微波干燥原理,并且通过以二水硫酸钙晶须为原料的实验,获得在多种主要影响因素条件下半水硫酸钙晶须的实验结果.优化干燥的实验条件为:硫酸钙晶须100g、微波干燥时间25 min、微波功率700W,此条件下硫酸钙晶须的相对脱水率达到97%;对样品进行XRD检测,其成分全部为半水硫酸钙晶须,与样品在120℃常规电加热干燥下所得样品成分相同,而微波干燥时间仅为其的加热干1/5.同时,通过材料性能测试实验,证明微波处理的硫酸钙晶须性能得到增强.【期刊名称】《常州大学学报(自然科学版)》【年(卷),期】2014(026)002【总页数】5页(P53-57)【关键词】硫酸钙晶须;结晶水;微波干燥;电加热干燥;功能性【作者】张锁龙;刘科【作者单位】常州大学机械工程学院,江苏常州213016;常州大学机械工程学院,江苏常州213016【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM924.76;O784微波是指波长范围为0.001~1m、频率范围为0.3~300GHz、具有穿透能力的电磁波[1]。
由于微波频率比一般的无线电波频率高,也称之为“超高频电磁波”。
微波作为一种电磁波,也具有波粒二象性。
微波的基本性质通常为穿透、反射、吸收3个特性。
为了规范使用微波频率,目前微波加热所采用的常用频率为915MHz和2 450MHz,其对应的波长分别为330mm和122mm,微波2450MHz频率已经合法应用于民用加热设备上。
微波加热是将微波作为加热能源,通过微波辐射,与物质分子之间发生相互作用并被吸收,由于能量耗损而产生的一种热效应。
微波是由微波发生器(磁控管)接受电源功率而产生的,通过波导输送到微波加热器,物料在微波场的作用下被加热。
微波加热的基本原理[2]可通过极性水分子在交变电场中的极性转化来阐释,装置如图1所示。
半水硫酸钙晶须生产制备的研究现状
鄢梦禹
【期刊名称】《山东化工》
【年(卷),期】2024(53)8
【摘要】简要介绍了半水硫酸钙晶须的生长机理及其制备方法的优缺点。
综述了原料技术品质、工艺技术参数和外加剂等因素对半水硫酸钙晶须制备的影响。
此外,还探讨了半水硫酸钙晶须的改性方法及其应用领域。
最后,分析了当前工业生产与应用中面临的关键问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。
【总页数】4页(P132-135)
【作者】鄢梦禹
【作者单位】三峡大学土木与建筑学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TQ132.32;O784
【相关文献】
1.以浓厚卤水为原料制备半水硫酸钙晶须的研究
2.工业副产石膏制备半水硫酸钙晶须的研究现状
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硫酸钙晶须的制备及应用研究进展因硫酸钙晶须有许多优良性能,可用于塑料,橡胶,涂料等行业中。
硫酸钙晶须有较好的应用前景,故对硫酸钙晶须的制备及应用进行研究具有较高的价值。
本文对硫酸钙晶须的制备方法及应用做了概述。
标签:硫酸钙晶须;制备方法;应用硫酸钙晶须(CSW)是一种绿色环保无机材料。
无水晶须可在1000℃以上使用,因而无水的CSW具有高的使用价值和极高的强度。
[1]硫酸钙晶须的抗拉强度和弹性模量极高,有耐高温、高韧性、和橡胶等聚合物有较强的亲和力等优点,可用于橡胶、涂料、造纸等行业。
[2]CSW的应用前景广阔。
一、硫酸钙晶须的制备水热法水热法是用二水硫酸钙制得的悬浮液,放入高压釜中,在高温高压的环境下制得硫酸钙晶须。
Sichao Hou[3]等人研究结果表明:Mg2+对硫酸钙晶须一维方向生长有促进作用,形成的晶须长径比高。
在MgCl2浓度为1.9710-3mol/L时,CSW的长径比范围50-400。
常压酸化法除了水热法,制备CSW常用的另一种方法便是常压酸化法。
Hongjuan Sun[4]等人以烟气脱硫石膏为原料,用常压酸化法制备CSW。
研究酸浸温度和盐酸浓度对硫酸钙晶须形貌的影响。
结果表明:酸浸温度70℃,盐酸浓度3.7mol/L,制备的CSW纯度和白度均高。
CSW长径比范围在25~80。
二、硫酸钙晶须的应用硫酸钙晶须在沥青中的应用李利勤[5]等人研究结果表明:加入硫酸钙晶须的沥青的高温稳定性随硫酸钙晶须的掺量增加而逐步增大。
Taotao Fan[6]等人研究结果表明,两种CSW均能增强沥青混合料的抗车辙性能,且沥青混合料的高温性能随加入的硫酸钙晶须的含量增加而增加。
与半水硫酸钙晶须相比,无水硫酸钙晶须对沥青混合料高温性能具有更大的影响。
此外,无水硫酸钙晶须改性沥青的热稳定性优于半水硫酸钙晶须改性沥青。
硫酸钙晶须在复合材料中的应用硫酸钙晶须可提高聚丙烯(PP)的结晶性能与力学性能,添加适量的CSW 可使PP的弯曲模量、拉伸强度增加。
用宁夏天然石膏制备半水硫酸钙晶须工艺研究张紫瑞;汪燕青;马自明;马英剑【摘要】以宁夏盐池县青山矿区天然石膏矿石为原料,经过水热合成反应,成功制备出了长度达(155.6±62.5) μm,直径为(3.82±1.3) μm的半水硫酸钙晶须.结合XRD 图谱、矿物文献,对比高纯生石膏中分别添加Fe3+和Mg2+后所得晶须的形貌,证实了宁夏天然石膏成分中Fe3+、Al3+等过量金属阳离子或为破坏石膏晶须品质的有害因素.随后验证了半水硫酸钙晶须经过300℃煅烧2h,成为无水硫酸钙晶须的转变过程.【期刊名称】《宁夏工程技术》【年(卷),期】2019(018)001【总页数】5页(P40-43,49)【关键词】宁夏石膏;水热法;硫酸钙晶须【作者】张紫瑞;汪燕青;马自明;马英剑【作者单位】宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,宁夏银川 750021;宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,宁夏银川 750021;宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,宁夏银川 750021;宁夏大学物理与电子电气工程学院,宁夏银川 750021【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ132.3+2宁夏拥有丰富的石膏资源,目前探明储量约26亿t,居全国第6位,是该地区潜在经济价值仅次于煤炭的优质矿产资源。
但长期以来这些优势资源没有得到充分的开发和利用,仅限于用来生产中低档建筑用石膏粉和石膏制品,产值较低[1]。
硫酸钙晶须是一种以单晶形式生长的针状、横截面均匀、外形完整、内部结构完善的纤维亚纳米材料,可用于高分子材料的补强增韧剂或功能型填料,又可直接作为过滤材料、保温材料、耐火隔热材料、红外线反射材料和包覆电线的高绝缘材料[2],其市场前景非常广阔,而其主要生产原料就是生石膏。
目前,社会上尚缺少用宁夏本地生石膏矿石制备高性能,尤其是长径比较大的硫酸钙晶须的探索研究。
本研究采集了宁夏盐池县青山矿区的石膏矿石,经简单筛选粉碎后,利用水热法[3-8]成功制备出了半水硫酸钙晶须,并对晶体结构、晶须形貌和原料矿石中影响晶须品质的阳离子成分进行了分析探讨。
第36 5期2020 5 月无 机 化 学 学 报CHINESE JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRYVol .36 No .5908-920半水硫酸钙晶须的水化机理及稳定性调节高传慧.董亚洁.任 秀.陈 颖.王汇淄.胡尊富2王 静.刘月涛* 」(#青岛科技大学化工学院生态化学工程国家重D 实验室基地,青岛266042)(2临沂大学材料科学与工程学院,临沂276000)收稿日期:2019-07-26o 收修改稿日期:2020-03-05o国家自然科学基金(No.51872150),山东省自然科学基金(No.ZR2018M034),山东省生态化工协同创新中心人才基金(No.XTCXQNll)和 生态化工国家重点实验室开放课题(No.STHG1804)资助项目。
* 通P 联系人 ° E -mail : ******************.cn摘要:通过探讨半水硫酸钙晶须(HCSW )贮存过程在空气中形貌和晶形的变化,研究了半水硫酸钙晶须的水化机理,分析了不 同处理方法对其稳定性的调节°研究发现,HCSW 的水化是由晶须表面的-0H 基团和Ca"活性位点以及HCSW 存在的内部通道引起的,锻烧和二元醇改性均可提高硫酸钙晶须的耐水性。
结果表明,锻烧后,半水硫酸钙晶须转化为无水可溶硫酸钙晶须和无水 硫酸钙晶须,易于水化的内部通道消失,耐水性 ;水 过程 的加入,可利于醇軽基吸附在HCSW 的(200)'(020)和(220)表面,阻止比0分子中軽基在晶须表面的 ,进而提高晶须的耐水性, (TEG)且浓度为18.8 mmo (LT 时,HSCW 在空气中耐水稳定性不小于7 d 。
关键词:半水硫酸钙晶须;水化;锻烧;三乙二醇中图分类号:0784文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-4861(2020)05-0908-13DOI : 10.11862/CJIC.2020.099Hydration Mechanism and Stability Regulation ofHemihydrate Calcium Sulfate WhiskersGAO Chuan -Hui 1 DONG Ya -Jie 1 REN Xiu 1 CHEN Ying 1 WANG Hui -Zi 1 HU Zun -Fu 2 WANG Jing 1 LIU Yue -Tao *」(State Key Laboratory Base for Eco -Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China )f 2C ollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China}Abstract : Hydration mechanism of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whisker (HCSW) was studied by discussing thechange of morphology and crystal form in the storage process in the air, and the regulation of stability by different treatment methods was analyzed. It is found that the hydration of HCSW was caused by -OH group, Ca 2+ active site at the surface and the internal channel inside of the whisker. Calcination and diol modification could improve the water resistance of calcium sulfate whisker. The experimental results indicate that after calcination, the hemihydrate calcium sulfate whisker are transformed into anhydrous soluble calcium sulfate whiskers and anhydrous dead calcium sulfate whiskers, the internal channels easy to hydration disappear, and the water resistance is enhanced. In the hydrothermal synthesis process, the addition of binary alcohol was beneficial to the adsorption of alcohol hydroxyl on the (200), (020) and (220) surfaces of HCSW, preventing the adsorption of hydroxyl in H 2O molecules on the whisker surface, and further improving the water resistance of the whisker. When the additive was triethylene glycol (TEG) and the concentration was 18.8 mmol (L R1, the water resistance stability of HSCW in the air was not less than 7 days.Keywords : hemihydrate calcium sulfate whisker; hydration; calcination; triethylene glycol第5期高传慧等:半水硫酸钙晶须的水化机理及稳定性调节9090IntroductionIn recent decades,calcium sulfate whiskers (CSW,CaSO4)has been found to be one of the most promising reinforcing fillers in many inorganic fillers because of their unique properties such as excellent mechanical properties,chemical and thermal stability, high toughness and low cost卩弋In general,there are three types of CSW:dehydration,hemihydrate and dihydrate〔习.These three types of whiskers can be converted to each other under certain conditions. Compared with the dihydrate whisker and dehydration whisker,hemihydrate calcium sulfate whisker(HCSW) is a new type of needle!like fiber sub!nanomaterial grown in the form of single crystal,which has a uniform cross!section,a complete profile and a perfect internal structure®%HCSW is a typical high strength, low cost,energy-saving,non-toxic and enviro^mentally friendly material widely used as the reinforcing agent in many fields,such as rubbers,plastics and adhesives[9-13D.There is direct relationship between structure,morphology and size of HCSW with its properties and functionalities.The mechanical properties of1D materials as HCSW are usually improved with an increase in the aspect ratios B14D. However,we found that HC S W was extremely sensitive to water in the air,and hydration was carried out at room temperature.After hydration,the length of whiskers was smaller,the diameter became larger,and the aspect ratio was significantly reduced,which seriously affected their performance B1习.Therefore,it is urgent to study the hydration mechanism and stabilization method of HCSW.In order to control the structure and morphology of HCSW,several chemical agents have been added to control the crystallization®171.Recently,the salt of the chloride is well developed,it could be MgCl2,KCl, CaCl2,NaCl,HCl and so on[18-19].For instance,Wang et al.[20]investigated the effects of CuCb on crystal morphology,phase structure,aspect ratio and crystallization of hydrothermal products prepared via hydrothermal crystallization in H2SO4!H2O solutions. The results showed that CuC^could influence the morphology,aspect ratio and crystallization of HCSW, but cannot affect their phase transformation.In order to eliminate the potential danger to the environment of Cl",Jiang et al.[21]developed a newly nitrate system which provided an improved alternative for HCSW preparation with controlled process and product quality, and helped to push forward the industrial recycling of FGD gypsum.Furthermore,metal ions and organics have been reported to have effects on crystallization and aspect ratio of the hydrothermal products[3,22-24D. The metal ions that influenced the morphology and aspect ratio of the whiskers included Na+,K+,Mg2+, Cu2+,Al3+,Fe M+and so on.And the organic additives including ethylene glycol were also proved to have relationship with morphology of the whisker.For instance,by simply tuning the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to water(G/W)in Na2EDTA-containing ethylene glycol aqueous solutions,the structure and morphology of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers could be controlled[25].In addition,we have previously found that the adsorption of ethylene glycol could promote the1D growth of HH whiskers,leading to the formation of whiskers with high aspect ratios[2J|.In summary,although there were many reports on the prevention of hydration research by controlling the HCSW crystal form,almost all of the studies were centered on how to control the morphology of HCSW in crystal forming process,and the research on the hydration mechanism of HCSW instability was not reported.Research on the hydration mechanism and stability of HCSW was expected to provide an effective theoretical basis for the application of whiskers.The purposes of this study was to verify the hydration mechanism of HCSW to achieve its stabilization.Especially,the Diamond software was used to simulate the crystal structure to help us clearly understand the hydration process of HCSW.In addition,this experiment revealed the effects of crystal modifier on the structure,morphology and size of HCSW.In this context,triethylene glycol(TEG) was used as the crystal modifier to promote the one! dimensional growth of HCSW and improve their crystallization.The effects of TEG on the morphology,910无机化学学报第36卷phase structure,aspect ratio and crystallization of the hydrothermal products were investigated.1Experimental1.1MaterialsAnalytical grade CaSO4*2H2O was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.Ltd.,Shanghai, China.The glycol-water was prepared by deionized water and ethylene glycol,diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol400(reagent grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.Ltd.,Shanghai, China).1.2 MethodsThe procedure was as follow:(1)Analytical grade CaSO4'2H2O was mixed with deionized water at room temperature to get the suspensions containing 1.0%〜5.0%(w/w)calcium sulfate dihydrate.The slurries were then treated under hydrothermal condition(140 ",5.0h),filtrated,and dried at105,300and600" for3h to obtain three kinds of whiskers.(2)Analytical grade CaSO>*2H?O was mixed with deionized water and minor amount of ethylene glycol,diethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol400with a purity of98.0%at room temperature to get the suspensions containing 1.0%〜5.0%(w/w)calcium sulfate dihydrate and18.8 mmol-L_1glycol-water solution.The slurries were then treated under hydrothermal condition(140",5.0h), filtrated,and dried at90"for6h.1.3CharacterizationScanning electron microscopy(SEM,JEOL JSM-6,Japan)was used to observe the morphology of HCSW and the test voltage was12kX,the magnification was 50〜10000.The former was previously sputter coated with gold before observation and analysis and the latter was dispersed in alcohol via ultrasonic disperser and placed on a copper grid by a dropper before detected.Energy-dispersive spectrometry device(EDS, TEAM EDAX Co.,USA)was used to analysis the qualitative and quantitative of elements in microregion. The structures of the samples were identified by powder X-ray diffractometer(XRD,D-MAX2500/PC, Rigaku,Japan)using Cu Ka radiation("=0.154178 nm)with a scanning rate of4O*m in_1,a scanning2#range of5#to80#,a tube voltage of40kX and a tube current of50mA.Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)(Thermo-Nicolet Avatar-360)was conducted to characterize HCSW in a wavenumber range from4000to400cm"1with a resolution of4 cm"1using an transmission infrared method.2Results and discussion2.1Surface property and structure of HCSWThe HCSW prepared by hydrothermal synthesis were dried and then exposed to the air.The ambient temperature was controlled at25"and the relative humidity of air was40%.Fig.1showed the morphological features observed after the HCSW had been exposed for different times in the air.The products mainly consisted of uniform fiber-like whiskers with the diameter ranging from2to5|!m,as shown in Fig. 1(a).As shown in Fig.1(b〜d),the surface properties and morphology of HCSW were directly related to the duration of whiskers when it was exposed in the air. The appearance of the whiskers was still fibrous when exposed to the air for12h,and cracks were only present on the surface of small part of whiskers.The diameter of whiskers was further increased when the whiskers were exposed to the air for24h,and the aspect ratio was further reduced,while the whiskers were still keeping fibrous in the air.When exposed to the air for48h,there are few flake and granular products on the surface of whisker surface.Saha et al.[27] have shown that calcium sulfate can produce amorphous particles through hydration,cracks appeared on the surface of the other whiskers,and even the fracture occurred.Nearly half of the whiskers were hydrated into a plate-like products after they were exposed to the air for7days,while a small number of products had jagged crystal defects on the surfaces of products,with a small part of products having an aspect ratio of only1〜3.Thus the hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers had a clear hydration phenomenon in the air,and the longer the duration exposing to the air,the shorter the whiskers,the smaller the aspect ratio,and the more chaotic morphology uneven.第5期高传慧等:半水硫酸钙晶须的水化机理及稳定性调节911In order to know the hydration reasons of HCSW, the HCSW were calcined at 105, 300 and 600 °C for 3 h, respectively, which were marked as CaSO 4- I ,CaSO 4- " and CaSO 4- # . Their surface properties andcrystal structure were studied, respectively. Fig.2 (a) was the XRD patterns of calcium sulfate whiskersunder three calcination temperatures. It was notdifficult to find that the major diffraction peaks ofcalcium sulphate whiskers at three calcinationtemperatures were compatible with the diffractionpeaks of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whiskers(CaSO 4 ・0.5H 2O, or HCSW), anhydrous soluble andanhydrous dead calcium sulfate whiskers in the PDF(No.03-0439, CaSO .- I ; No.26-0329, CaSO .-" ; No. 72-0503, CaSO 4- #) standard card shown in Fig.2(b).From Fig.2(a), it can be seen that the characteristic(a) 0 h, (b) 12 h, (c) 24 h, (d) 48 h, (e) 7 daysFig.1 SEM images of HCSW hydration process in the air10203040 50 60 70 8020/(。
文章编号:1008-7524(2011)04-0011-03磷酸钠对半水硫酸钙晶须的稳定作用*刘红叶1,刘富玲2,王宇斌2,袁致涛3(1.中国民航飞行学院空管学院,四川广汉618307;2.河南城建学院土木与材料工程系,河南平顶山467044;3.东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110004) 摘要:介绍了磷酸钠对半水硫酸钙晶须在水溶液中的形貌和晶型的稳定性影响。
考查了反应时间及磷酸钠用量等因素对稳定化效果的影响,并采用SEM、DSC-TG、XRD等方法对磷酸钠稳定化处理后半水硫酸钙晶须产品的表面形貌、热稳定性及物相组成进行了表征。
结果表明:在0.10%用量、作用时间20min、稳定化温度100℃的稳定化作用条件下,磷酸钠可使半水硫酸钙晶须的形貌2h不变,同时磷酸对半水硫酸钙晶须的晶型也有一定的稳定作用。
关键词:磷酸钠;半水硫酸钙晶须;稳定;效果中图分类号TB32 文献标识码:A0 引言半水硫酸钙晶须作为石膏资源的一种新兴高附加值产品[1,2],可广泛用作填充材料、保温材料和环境材料等[3,4]。
在生产不同种类硫酸钙晶须时,半水硫酸钙晶须的干燥温度相对较低(110~120℃),因而其生产成本也较低。
但在其改性及使用等过程中,半水硫酸钙晶须容易与水分子发生水化反应,进而影响其使用效果。
在对半水硫酸钙晶须水化过程的研究中,作者发现其显著特点在于其晶型和形貌的改变和由此引起的晶须长径比的减小[5]。
同时还发现,要实现半水硫酸钙晶须在水中的稳定,不仅要避免其晶型的改变,还要保持其形貌的稳定。
基于此,作者曾就有机稳定剂如油酸钠等对半水硫酸钙晶须的稳定化作用进行了系统研究[6],发现影响稳定剂对半水硫酸钙晶须稳定化效果的因素主要有稳定剂用量和稳定化作用时间等。
为进一步掌握无机稳定剂对半水硫酸钙晶须的稳定化效果规律,以提高半水硫酸钙晶须的质量,试验以磷酸钠为稳定剂对半水硫酸钙晶须的稳定化处理进行了探讨。
1 试验与测试方法1.1 试验方法半水硫酸钙晶须采用水热法在10L反应釜内制备,反应完成后将反应釜卸压至常压,并保持釜内温度为100℃。
以浓厚卤水为原料制备半水硫酸钙晶须的研究唐娜1,2,黑云皓1,2,吴腾飞1,2,项军1,2,杜威1,2,张蕾1,2(1.天津科技大学化工与材料学院,天津300457;2.天津市卤水化工与资源生态化利用重点实验室)摘要:以海盐行业生产过程中废弃的浓厚卤水为原料,用于制备高长径比的半水硫酸钙晶须。
探究了水热制备法中物料浓度、晶型助长剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度和反应搅拌速率对制备半水硫酸钙晶须的影响。
使用粉末X 射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对制得的半水硫酸钙晶须进行表征,确认为半水硫酸钙晶须。
通过正交实验确认最佳的生产工艺条件为:物料质量分数为3%、晶型助长剂质量分数为3%、反应时间为7h、反应温度为130℃、反应搅拌速率为30r/min。
在此工艺条件下可制得长径比约为400的半水硫酸钙晶须。
该工艺生产成本低廉、环境友好、产品稳定且平均长径比达400,易于工业化生产。
关键词:浓厚卤水;半水硫酸钙晶须;长径比中图分类号:TQ132.32文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-4990(2020)04-0088-05Study on preparation of hemihydrate calcium sulfate whisker from dense brineTang Na 1,2,Hei Yunhao 1,2,Wu Tengfei 1,2,Xiang Jun 1,2,Du Wei 1,2,Zhang Lei 1,2(1.College of Chemical Engineering and Materials ,Tianjin University of Science and Technology ,Tianjin 300457,China ;2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Industry and Ecological Utilization of Resources)Abstract :Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whisker with high length/diameterm (L/D )ratio was prepared from high concentration brine abandoned in the production process of sea salt industry.The effects of material concentration ,crystal growth promoter concentration ,reaction time ,reaction temperature and reaction stirring rate on the preparation of calcium sulfate hemihydratewhisker were investigated.The prepared calcium sulfate hemihydrate whisker was characterized and confirmed by powder X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope.Through the orthogonal experimental ,the optimum conditions were con⁃firmed as follows :material mass fraction of 3%,crystal growth aid mass fraction of 3%,reaction time of 7h ,reaction tempera⁃ture of 130℃and reaction stirring rate of 30r/min.Under this condition ,calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers with the L/D ratio of 400were produced.The technology has the advantages of low production cost ,environment friendly and stablity.The prepared calcium sulfate hemihydrate whisker with average L/D ratio of 400is easy to produce industrially.Key words :dense brine ;Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers ;length/diameter (L/D )ratio浓厚卤水为海盐行业氯化钾生产车间产出的含有大量氯化镁与硫酸镁的黑褐色液体,中国年排放浓厚卤水约1500万m 3,其中含有110万t 硫酸镁及250万t 氯化镁资源。
氯化钙制备半水硫酸钙晶须的工艺研究马园园;王铭佳;刘在彤;李国庭【摘要】半水硫酸钙晶须是一种用途广泛,具有很高综合性能的高性价比无机材料.以氯化钙和硫酸钠为主要原料,利用浓盐酸调节pH,选择不同的晶型助长剂,采用常压酸化法制备半水硫酸钙晶须.通过单因素实验,探究了不同晶型助长剂、沸腾时间、静置时间、原料比例和pH对制备半水硫酸钙晶须的影响,并确定了最佳工艺路线.采用扫描电镜、热重分析、X射线衍射对产品进行表征分析.实验得到最佳工艺条件:采用十二烷基硫酸钠为晶型助长剂、氯化钙质量浓度为20g/L、n(氯化钙)∶n(硫酸钠)=1∶5、沸腾时间为1h、pH=2、静置时间为2h.在此工艺条件下,以氯化钙为原料制备得到的半水硫酸钙晶须长径比达到50,产品外观呈现洁净白色,无杂质.【期刊名称】《无机盐工业》【年(卷),期】2018(050)008【总页数】5页(P52-56)【关键词】氯化钙;半水硫酸钙晶须;常压酸化法【作者】马园园;王铭佳;刘在彤;李国庭【作者单位】河北科技大学,河北石家庄050018;河北科技大学,河北石家庄050018;河北科技大学,河北石家庄050018;河北科技大学,河北石家庄050018【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ132.32硫酸钙晶须又称石膏晶须,是硫酸钙的纤维状单晶体,分为二水、半水及无水硫酸钙晶须,外观上均为白色疏松状固体。
硫酸钙晶须是一种几乎可以达到理想状态的细微结晶纤维,具有长径比大、无晶粒边界等特点[1]。
因为直径较小,结晶呈高度且有序的原子结构排列,基本不存在一般无机材料在结构上的问题(如空隙和位错)。
其中半水和无水的硫酸钙晶须具备高强度和高模量等综合机能,而且具有突出的物理化学性能和优良的力学性能,如高强度、耐磨耗等[2]。
硫酸钙晶须可广泛应用于造纸和医疗行业,同时可以作为增强剂和添加剂对有机材料进行改性[2-3],因此具有广泛的应用前景。
目前,工业制备硫酸钙晶须的主要原料来源为天然石膏,同时也有少量采用工业副产石膏,而采用工业副产品(如电石渣、柠檬酸渣[4-5])制备硫酸钙晶须还停留在实验阶段,尚未实现工业化。
不同种类添加剂对半水硫酸钙晶须水化性能的影响摘要:本文以柠檬酸和磷酸钠为添加剂对半水硫酸钙晶须的水化过程进行了研究,对不同类型的改性半水硫酸钙晶须的水化能力进行了对比,研究结果表明柠檬酸增大半水硫酸钙晶须的水化能力,磷酸钠则能减小半水硫酸钙晶须的水化能力。
关键词:添加剂;半水硫酸钙晶须;改性从图4可以看出,衍射角2θ为10.130、14.840、20.410、24.810对应的是半水硫酸钙晶须特征衍射峰;而11.990、16.380、21.990、35.420对应的则是二水硫酸钙晶须特征衍射峰。
经硫酸钠处理后静置30min的晶须产物,其衍射峰既有半水硫酸钙晶须的特征衍射峰,又有二水硫酸钙晶须的特征衍射峰。
也即其产物为半水硫酸钙晶须和二水硫酸钙晶须的混合物。
XRD的半定量分析结果表明,半水硫酸钙晶须和二水硫酸钙晶须的相对含量分别是88%和12%。
而经化处理后静置2h的晶须,其X射线衍射峰都属于二水硫酸钙的衍射特征峰,也即半水硫酸钙晶须都转化为二水硫酸钙晶须。
由此可见,磷酸钠可以减小半水硫酸钙晶须的水化能力。
4 结论通过研究柠檬酸和磷酸钠对半水硫酸钙晶须水化过程的影响,可以得到以下结论:柠檬酸有助于半水硫酸钙的水化,磷酸钠则能抑制半水硫酸钙晶须的水化。
对拓宽石膏晶须的运用领域有一定的帮助。
参考文献[1]张华伟,陈继涛,梁鹏.硫酸钙晶须制备机理及技术研究进展[J].材料导报,2011,25(11):46-50+75.[2]李国顺等.石膏的脱水及其有关的动力学[J],岩矿测试,1987,6(4:279-282.[3]王坚等.提高石膏制品防水性能的措施[J].科技情报开发与经济,2001,11(5):70-71.[4]周峻鹏等.外加剂对石膏性能的影响[J],建材技术与应用,005,(3):3-4.[5]彭家惠等.三聚磷酸钠对二水石膏晶体生长习性与晶体形貌的影响[J],硅酸盐学报,2006,34(6):723-727.。
水化时间和温度对半水硫酸钙晶须水化过程的影响刘天杰;范浩;许妍霞;宋兴福;于建国【摘要】对水热法产物半水硫酸钙晶须水化过程进行了研究,重点考察了水化时间和温度对晶须水化过程的影响.结果表明,在水化温度为25~90℃范围内,水化产物中半水硫酸钙晶须含量随着水化时间的增加而减少,最终全部转化为片状、薄板状或者块状二水硫酸钙;随着水化温度的增加,水化诱导期延长,特别是在90℃时,半水硫酸钙晶须可稳定存在60 min;根据水化产物观测结果以及物相组成分析发现,水化机理主要分为水化诱导期、半水硫酸钙晶须溶解以及二水硫酸钙重结晶3部分.%The hydration process of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (HH) whiskers by hydrothermal method was studied.Investigation mainly focused on the influence of hydration time and temperature on the hydration process of HH whiskers,and the determination of the hydration time and temperature on which HH whiskers could be relatively stable.The results showed that HH whiskers eventually transferred to flake,sheet,or lump calcium sulfate dihydrate (DH) with the time increasing at the hydration temperature within 25-90 ℃.With the increase of hydration temperature,the hydration induction period extended.Especially at 90 ℃,the hydration induction period of HH whiskers increased significantly from 3 min at 60 ℃ to 60 min at 90 ℃.Therefore,the hydration of whiskers could be suppressed by rapid dehydration above 90 ℃.According to the observation results of hydration products and phase composition analysis,the hydration mechanism is mainly divided into three processes,the hydration induction period,the dissolution of HH whiskers,and the recrystallization of the calcium sulfatedehydrate.That is to say that there is a period of the hydration induction during the process of the hydration process of HH whiskers.When the whiskers contact with water,the active Ca2+ ions on its surface perform hydroxylation reaction with water.Then the hydroxyl groups on the whisker surface contact with water molecules by hydrogen bonding,and the water molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the whiskers.With the increase of hydration time,the water molecules will intrude into the lattice body and destroy the crystal structure,resulting in the break of the whiskers.With the fracture of HH whisker crystal structure,the Ca2+ and SO42-ions spread to the solution which accelerates the dissolution of HH whiskers.With the continuous precipitation and growth of DH,the further dissolution of HH whiskers is accelerated,until all HH whiskers are transferred to flake or thin plate DH crystals.【期刊名称】《华东理工大学学报(自然科学版)》【年(卷),期】2018(044)001【总页数】6页(P9-14)【关键词】半水硫酸钙晶须;水化时间;水化温度;水化机理【作者】刘天杰;范浩;许妍霞;宋兴福;于建国【作者单位】华东理工大学国家盐湖资源综合利用工程技术中心,上海200237;华东理工大学国家盐湖资源综合利用工程技术中心,上海200237;华东理工大学国家盐湖资源综合利用工程技术中心,上海200237;华东理工大学国家盐湖资源综合利用工程技术中心,上海200237;华东理工大学国家盐湖资源综合利用工程技术中心,上海200237【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TB32半水硫酸钙(Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate,HH)晶须作为一种无机晶须,不仅具有良好的机械强度、电绝缘性、耐高温、耐磨、耐腐蚀性等,而且相比于其他晶须材料,无毒、环境友好且价格低廉,因此,HH晶须被广泛应用于橡胶、树脂、塑料、造纸等行业[1-4]。
硫酸钙晶须研究报告硫酸钙晶须研究报告硫酸钙是一种常见的矿物质,也是生物体中最常见的无机盐之一。
硫酸钙晶须是由硫酸钙分子聚合而成的长细柔软晶体。
这些晶须在生物体内起着重要的生化作用,同时也是一种重要的功能材料。
硫酸钙晶须的制备方法有多种,其中最常见的方法是化学合成法。
首先将硫酸钙溶液制备成过饱和状态,然后通过调节温度、pH值、搅拌速度等参数,使硫酸钙分子逐渐聚合形成晶须。
硫酸钙晶须具有高纯度、纤细、柔软等优点,因此在医药、化工、食品等领域有广泛的应用。
硫酸钙晶须的研究涉及到结构、形态、性质等方面。
通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察硫酸钙晶须的形态,发现晶须呈纤细、柔软的形态。
通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析,得出硫酸钙晶须的结晶结构为六方晶系的,晶格常数为a=0.4539 nm,c=0.2962 nm。
同时进一步研究硫酸钙晶须的力学性质,发现硫酸钙晶须具有强度高、延展性强等特点。
硫酸钙晶须在医药领域有广泛的应用,主要用于制备医用敷料、生物陶瓷材料等。
硫酸钙晶须具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性,不会对人体造成任何不良反应。
研究表明,硫酸钙晶须可以促进骨组织的再生,因此在骨修复方面也有很好的应用前景。
除了医药领域,硫酸钙晶须还在化工、食品等领域有应用。
在化工领域中,硫酸钙晶须可以作为凝胶剂、沉淀剂等;在食品领域中,硫酸钙晶须可以作为凝固剂、酸奶发酵剂等。
硫酸钙晶须的多重应用使得其具有很好的经济价值。
综上所述,硫酸钙晶须是一种重要的功能材料,在医药、化工、食品等领域有广泛的应用前景。
随着人们对硫酸钙晶须研究的不断深入,相信硫酸钙晶须将会有更广泛的应用。
第48卷第1期 人工晶体学报Vol.48 No.l 2019 年 1月_________________________JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS_______________________January,2019柠檬酸对半水硫酸钙晶须形貌稳定性影响羊道和,杨玉荣,易美桂(四川大学化学工程学院,成都610065)摘要:介绍了柠檬酸对半水硫酸钙晶须的形貌稳定性的影响及其作用机制,重点考察了柠檬酸添加量及稳定化温 度对晶须形貌稳定性的影响。
采用XRD、SEM和红外光谱表征晶须性质。
结果表明,在30〜100 t范围内,随着稳 定化温度的增加,半水硫酸钙晶须形貌稳定时间增长。
其中在1〇〇T:,柠檬酸添加量为〇. 5wt%,半水硫酸钙形晶 须形貌稳定时间可达4.0 h。
由于柠檬酸的-COO-与半水硫酸钙晶须表面Ca2+键和成-COO-Ca-结构,柠檬酸以化 学吸附方式吸附于晶须表面,使得晶须稳定性提高。
关键词:半水硫酸钙晶须;柠檬酸;稳定化温度;形貌中图分类号:TQ132.3 +2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-985X( 2019) 01-0095-06 Effect of Citric Acid on the Morphological Stability ofCalcium Sulfate Hemihydrate WhiskersYANG Dao-he,YANG Yu-rong,YI Mei-gui(College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China)Abstract:The effect of citric acid on the morphology stability of calcium sulfate hemihydrate and its mechanism of action were studied.The effects of stabilization temperature and the addition of citric acid were investigated.The hydration products were characterized by XR D,SEM and IR spectra.The results implies that the stability of the calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers strengthened with the increase of the stabilization temperature in the range of30 Tl to 100 T l.Among them,when the addition of citric acid was0. 5wt%at 100 Tl,the stabilization time of calcium sulfate hemihydrate increased to4. 0 h.Due to the formation of -COO-Ca-structure between -COO-of citric acid and Ca2+ of whiskers,citric acid adsorbs on the surface of whisker by chemical adsorption,enhancing the morphology stability of whiskers.Key words:calcium sulfate hemihydrate;citric acid;stabilization temperature;morphology1引言半水硫酸钙晶须具有良好的耐磨、耐高温、耐腐蚀等性能而且对环境危害小,价格也相对低廉,因而在造 纸[1]、涂料[2]、废水处理[3]和复合材料增强[4]等领域都得到了广泛的应用。
聚丙烯酰胺对半水硫酸钙晶须形貌稳定性的影响杨玉荣;张清杰;易美桂;向兰【摘要】研究了使用聚丙烯酰胺对半水硫酸钙晶须进行表面改性,以提高晶须在水溶液中的形貌稳定性.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(Fr-IR)等表征了晶须的性质.结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺添加量(以半水硫酸钙晶须质量计)由0增至2.0%时,晶须在水溶液中的形貌保持时间(长径比保持率大于80%)由0.5 h延长至4.0 h.聚丙烯酰胺以物理吸附(氢键)和化学吸附(形成-COOCa-键)两种模式吸附于半水硫酸钙晶须表面,由此降低晶须的表面能,提高晶须的形貌稳定性.【期刊名称】《无机盐工业》【年(卷),期】2018(050)012【总页数】4页(P13-16)【关键词】聚丙烯酰胺;半水硫酸钙晶须;形貌稳定性【作者】杨玉荣;张清杰;易美桂;向兰【作者单位】四川大学化学工程学院,四川成都610065;清华大学化学工程系;四川大学化学工程学院,四川成都610065;清华大学化学工程系【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ132.32半水硫酸钙晶须可由脱硫石膏、磷石膏等工业副产石膏经水热或常压酸化法制备,是石膏资源的新型高附加值产品[1-5]。
但是,半水硫酸钙晶须表面能高、亲水疏油,在潮湿环境或水溶液中极不稳定,易水化为片状[6],限制了其工业应用。
因此,有必要研究半水硫酸钙晶须在水溶液中的形貌稳定性。
前人多以脂肪酸盐或无机稳定剂来处理半水硫酸钙晶须,以降低晶须的表面能,降低其亲水性,提高其稳定性。
袁致涛等[7]在制备半水硫酸钙晶须过程中,先后加入0.025%硬脂酸钠(相对于干基晶须质量)和0.150%油酸钠(相对于干基晶须质量),可使半水硫酸钙晶须形貌保持2 h。
刘红叶等[8]添加0.1%磷酸钠(相对于干基晶须质量)处理半水硫酸钙晶须,也可使晶须形貌保持2 h。
前人对半水硫酸钙晶须稳定化处理后,晶须在水溶液中形貌保留时间较短(≤2 h),且长径比保持率偏低(<60%)。