(完整版)托福口语讲义扫盲课
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目录第一章关于托福口语1.考试概况及题型介绍2.评分标准3.参加托福口语考试所需的八大能力第二章托福口语解题技巧1.任务一(独立): 自由选择2.任务二(独立): 二选一3.任务三(综合): 校园声明/ 观点和原因4.任务四(综合): 学术概念/ 抽象到具体5.任务五(综合): 学生对话/问题和解决方案6.任务六(综合): 学术话题/ 摘要第三章托福口语练习题1.托福口语练习题(一)2.托福口语练习题(二)3.托福口语练习题(三)4.托福口语练习题(四)5.托福口语练习题(五)第一章关于托福口语考试概况及题型介绍○1概况:考生需要在大约20分钟的时间内回答6个问题○2目的:测试学生在北美学术环境下的英语口语能力○3内容:北美校园生活以及各类学术讲座○4具体:第1、2 题是独立口语题——要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点,其中第1 题是自由选择,第2 题是二选一。
学生有15 秒钟时间准备,45 秒作答。
第3、4 题是综合口语题,题目要求考生首先在45 秒内阅读一段100 单词左右长度的短文,随后短文消失, 考生再听一段与短文有关的对话或课堂演讲, 然后根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或演讲回答相关问题。
其中第3 题是校园场景题目,第4 题是学术场景题目. 在第3,4 题中, 考生有30 秒钟时间准备, 然后有60秒钟时间作答。
第5、6 题要求考生听一段校园场景对话或者课堂演讲, 然后回答相关问题。
其中第 5 题是校园场景题目,第 6 题是学术场景题目。
考生有20 秒钟时间准备, 之后有60秒钟时间作答。
下面的表格是ETS 对于托福考试口语部分题型的官方介绍, 它能够客观且清晰的反映出托福口语考试的结构:评分标准1.Delivery 表达: 你的口语答案是否足够清晰, 是否足够流利, 其中是否展现出了优秀的英语语音, 自然的节奏以及语调. 简言之, 在delivery 这一项评分标准中, 同学们应当要关注的因素有三个: pronunciation发音,intonation语调, 以及flow语流.nguage Use 语言使用: 你是否能够有效地运用正确且恰当的词汇和基本的以及复杂的语法结构去表达你的观点. 简言之, 在language use 这一项评分标准中, 同学们应当关注的两个主要因素是vocabulary 词汇以及grammar 语法.3.Topic Development 话题发展: 你是否能够全面地回答问题, 是否能够有逻辑地, 并且连贯地陈述你的观点, 是否能够有效地使用掉分配给你的答题时间, 是否能够有效且明确地表明观点与观点之间的各种逻辑关系.参加托福口语考试所需的八大能力1. 语音pronunciation2. 语调和中音intonation &stress3. 口语词汇及短语spoken vocabulary & phrases4. 流利度/语流flow/fluency5. 语法grammar6. 阅读和听力reading &listening7. 头脑风暴brainstorming8. 笔记note-taking第二章托福口语解题技巧任务一(独立): 自由选择托福口语第一题主要被分为两种题型:自由选择和三选一。
在其中,自由选择题目出现的概率远远超过了三选一题目。
下面我们就来看看两种题型的具体例子。
自由选择TIPS:在托福口语考试中,自由选择类题目的主题多种多样,但大多数题目(不是所有题目)通常会被集中到以下四个领域:Person: Eg. Talk about the teacher from whom you learned the mostand explain what you have learned from him or her. Use details and examples in your response.Eg. What kinds of characteristics do you think make someone a good neighbor? Explain why these characteristics are important. Place: Eg. Describe your favorite area in your school and explain why you enjoy spending time there. Please include details in your explanation.Eg. If you had a chance to visit a foreign country, which country would you go to? Explain why you want to visit that country with details.Object: Eg. Talk about a book you really enjoy reading and explain why you love the book. Please include details in your response.Eg. Talk about your favorite movie and explain what you have learned from it. Please include details or examples in your answer. Event/Activity: Eg. Talk about a holiday that you often celebrate in your country and explain why people love celebrating it. Use details and examples in your response.Eg. Describe a personal experience in which you learned an important lesson? Explain what that lesson is with details.三选一解题技巧忽视朗读,快速反应,头脑风暴,结构清晰两套备用结构1.Topic Sentence — Supporting Details — Ending2.Topic Sentence—Supporting Sentence—Example/details例题:Topic Sentence 主题句: Allen Iverson, the NBA superstar, is definitely one of the people for whom I have a huge admiration.干净利落,直击答案Supporting Sentence 支持句: I admire him a lot because he is such a hard-working guy that you would feel like there’s nothing he cannot do.正面解释,秀出证据Example/details例子/细节: Once I watched an interview of his coach in high school on NBC. He said that Allen was just super diligent. He was always the first person that arrived for the training, and always the last one to leave. He usually stayed for another 2 hours after all his teammates left for dinner. So it’s definitely his hard work that made him one of the most phenomenal players in the league.强烈支持,展示内涵,增强伸缩性、趣味性,凑字数如果我们将以上三个部分的回答放在一起, 我们就能够得到一个非常完整, 而且优秀的答案Allen Iverson, the NBA superstar, is definitely one of the people for whom I have a huge admiration. I admire him a lot because he is such a hard-working guy that you would feel like there’s nothing he cannot do. Once I watched an interview of his coach in high school on NBC. He said that Allen was just super diligent. He was always the first person that arrived for the training, and always the last one to leave. He usually stayed for another 2 hours after all his teammates left for dinner. Soit’s definitely his hard work that made him one of the mostphenomenal players in the league.TIPS:○1结尾可有可无,根据时间灵活掌握,尽量避免说出像That’s all或者是Thank you之类的表达;○2支持点最好只给一个,最多只给两个,尽量避免出现三个及以上观点;○3使用自己熟悉的单词,短语,和句型,可以大大地减低作答时的焦虑度;○4适当的笔记可以提醒自己,诸如信号词;例题及参考答案。