辽宁省部分重点中学2012届高三上学期期末联考(物理)

专题：等量同种、异种点电荷电场专题一、知能掌握（一）等量异种同种电荷产生电场电场线场强关系1．等量异种点电荷形成的电场中电场线的分布特点(1)两点电荷连线上各点，电场线方向从正电荷指向负电荷．(2)两点电荷连线的中垂面(中垂线)上，电场线方向均相同，即场强方向均相同，且总与中垂面(线)垂直．在中垂面(线)上到O点等距离处各点的场强相等(O为两点电荷连线中点)．(3)在中垂面(线)上的电荷受到的静电力的方向总与中垂面(线)垂直，因此，在中垂面(线)上移动电荷时静电力不做功．(4) 等量异种点电荷连线上以中点O场强最小，中垂线上以中点O的场强为最大；(5)等量异种点电荷连线和中垂线上关于中点对称处的场强相同；2．等量同种点电荷形成的电场中电场线的分布特点(1)两点电荷连线中点O处场强为零，此处无电场线．(2)中点O附近的电场线非常稀疏，但场强并不为零．(3)两点电荷连线中垂面(中垂线)上，场强方向总沿面(线)远离O(等量正电荷)．(4)在中垂面(线)上从O点到无穷远，电场线先变密后变疏，即场强先变强后变弱．(5)等量同种点电荷连线上以中点电场强度最小，等于零．因无限远处场强E∞＝0，则沿中垂线从中点到无限远处，电场强度先增大后减小，之间某位置场强必有最大值．(6)等量同种点电荷连线和中垂线上关于中点对称处的场强大小相等、方向相反. （二）等量异种同种电荷产生电场电势等势面1.等量异种点电荷的电场：是两簇对称曲面，两点电荷连线的中垂面是一个等势面．如图1－4－6所示．在从正电荷到负电荷的连线上电势逐渐降低，φA>φA′；在中垂线上φB＝φB′.2.等量同种点电荷的电场：是两簇对称曲面，如图1－4－7所示，在AA′线上O点电势最低；在中垂线上O点电势最高，向两侧电势逐渐降低，A、A′和B、B′对称等势．二探索提升【典例1】如图所示，一电子沿等量异种电荷的中垂线由A→O→B匀速飞过，电子重力不计，则电子所受另一个力的大小和方向变化情况是( )A．先变大后变小，方向水平向左 B．先变大后变小，方向水平向右C．先变小后变大，方向水平向左 D．先变小后变大，方向水平向右【答案】B【典例2】如图19所示，A、B为两个等量的正点电荷，O为其连线的中点，MON为其连线的中垂线，在中垂线上靠近O点的O′点放一带电荷量为＋q的小球(可视为点电荷，不计重力)，将此小球由静止释放，下列说法正确的是( BCD )图19A ．将小球由O ′点从静止释放后，向无穷远处运动的过程中，加速度一定越来越大，速度也一定越来越大B ．将小球由O ′点从静止释放后，向无穷远处运动的过程中，加速度先变大后变小，速度越来越大C ．从O ′点到无穷远处，电势逐渐降低D ．从O ′点到无穷远处，小球的电势能逐渐减小【答案】 BCD【解析】 A 、B 两个等量的正点电荷形成的电场关于直线MN 对称．在O 点，两个电荷产生的电场强度大小相等，方向相反，叠加为零，故O ′点的电场强度接近于零．在MON 中垂线上距离O 点无穷远处，电场强度也为零，所以在MON 中垂线上从O ′点到无穷远处，电场强度先变大，后变小．从O ′点到无穷远处，带电荷量为＋q 的小球受到的电场力先变大，后变小，其加速度也是先变大，后变小．由于电场力一直对小球做正功，故小球的速度越来越大，选项B 正确，A 错误．由于从O ′点到无穷远处电场力一直对小球做正功，故小球的电势能E p 逐渐减小，电势φ＝E p q，故从O ′点到无穷远，电势逐渐降低，故C 、D 正确．三高考真题1.（2009年山东理综20）如图所示，在x轴上关于原点O对称的两点固定放置等量异种点电荷+Q和-Q，x轴上的P点位于的右侧。

湖北省部分重点中学2024届高三第二次联考高三物理试卷考试时间：2024年1月18日上午8：30—9：45 试卷满分：100分一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1~7题只有一项符合题目要求，第8~10题有多项符合题目要求。

每小题全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。

1.不顾国际社会的强烈反对，日本政府于2023年8月24日正式开启核污水排海，现已有超过2.3万吨核污染水流入太平洋，第四批核污染水排海预计在2024年初开始。

福岛核电站核污水中含有氚、碘131、铯137等放射性元素。

已知碘131的半衰期为8天。

下列说法正确的是（）A.福岛核电站利用的是可控热核反应的原理发电B.速度与热运动速度相当的中子最易引发核裂变C.排海稀释后废水中放射性元素半衰期可能变短D.排海污水中的碘131经16天就会全部发生衰变2.如图甲为一列简谐横波在t=0.1s时刻的波形图.P、Q为该波的传播方向上的两质点，图乙为介质中x=2m处的质点P的振动图象.下列说法正确的是（）甲乙A.该波的传播方向沿x轴正方向B.甲图中质点P该时刻振幅为零C.质点P、Q在一个周期内有且仅有两个时刻二者的位移相同D.在0<t<0.1s内，质点P通过的路程大于质点Q通过的路程3.图示为一半球形玻璃砖的截面图，AB为直径，O为球心。

一束纸面内的单色光从直径上某点C与直径成θ射入，恰好从D点射出。

现换用不同频率的色光从C点以相同方向入射，不考虑多次反射，则（）A.到达圆弧 AD部分的光，一定会从圆弧 AD部分射出B.到达圆弧 BD部分的光，可能不从圆弧 BD 部分射出 C.频率改变前从D 点出射的光线一定与从C 点入射时的光线平行 D.所有不同频率的色光在玻璃砖中的传播时间均相等4.如图所示，一绝缘轻质细绳悬挂一质量为m 、电量为−q 的带电小球静止于水平向左足够大的匀强电场中，已知电场强度大小2mgE q=。

物理试卷A.2024.8.15☆祝考试顺利☆注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

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4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～7题只有一项符合题目要求，第8～10题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。

1.电磁感应现象的发现，标志着人类从蒸汽机时代步入了电气化时代。

下列设备利用电磁感应原理的是发电机B.电熨斗C.电风扇D.电磁起重机2.福岛核电站核泄漏事故过去将近十年，其核危害至今仍未消除。

核泄漏中的放射性元素钚具有致癌和增加遗传性病变的危害，钚的一种同位素23494Pu 的衰变方程为23494Pu →23692U+42He+γ，下列说法正确的是 A.衰变过程总质量不变B.γ射线是波长很短的光子，它的贯穿本领比α射线的强C.衰变放出的42He 是由原子核外电子受激发而产生的D.核泄漏中的钚渗入深海中后，半衰期将变长3.足球比赛中，某足球运动员长传足球，由于水平恒定风力的作用，足球在空中飞行的轨迹如图所示，位置1、3足球在同一高度，位置2足球在最高点，在位置3时足球速度刚好竖直向下，则足球速度最小的位置A.在位置1和位置2之间某位置B.在位置2C.在位置2和位置3之间某位置D.在位置34.如图，火星与地球的轨道近似在同一平面内，绕太阳沿同一方向做匀速圆周运动，火星的轨道半径大约是地球的1.5倍。

地球上的观测者在大多数的时间内观测到火星相对于恒星背景由西向东运动，称为顺行；有时观测到火星由东向西运动，称为逆行。

专题电学实验实验一描绘小灯泡的伏安特性3．（山东省济南市2012届高三下学期2月份月考物理卷）“描绘小灯泡的伏安特性曲线”实验中，提供的实验器材有：A．小灯泡（额定电压为3.8V，额定电流约为0.3A）B．电流表A (0~0.6A，内阻约为0.5Ω) C．电压表V（0~6V，内阻约为5kΩ) D．滑动变阻器R1(0~10Ω，2A ) E．滑动变阻器R2(0~100Ω，0.2A )F．电源（6V，内阻不计）G．开关及导线若干（1）实验中滑动变阻器选（填“R1”或“R2”）（2）该同学设计了实验测量电路，通过改变滑动变阻器滑片的位置，使电流表的读数从零开始变化，记录多组电压表的读数U和电流表的读数I。

请在图甲中用笔画线代替导线将实验电路连接完整（3）该同学根据实验数据作出了如图乙的U-I图象，根据图象可知小灯泡的电阻随着电流的增大而_______（选填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）4．（安徽省省城名校2012届高三第四次联考试题）某同学用图甲所示的电路测绘额定电压为3.0V的小灯泡伏安特性图线，并研究小灯泡实际功率及灯丝温度等问题。

（1）根据实验原理，用笔画线代替导线，将图甲中的实验电路图连接完整。

（2）连好电路后，开关闭合前，图甲中滑动变阻器R的滑片应置于（填“A端”、“B 端”或“AB正中间”）。

（3）闭合开关，向B端调节滑动变阻器R的滑片，发现“电流表的示数为零，电压表的示数逐渐增大”，则分析电路的可能故障为。

A．小灯泡短路B．小灯泡断路C．电流表断路D．滑动变阻器断路（4）排除故障后，该同学完成了实验。

根据实验数据，画出的小灯泡I—U图线如图乙所示。

形成图中小灯泡伏安特性图线是曲线的原因为。

（5）已知小灯泡灯丝在27℃时电阻是1.5Ω，并且小灯泡灯丝电阻值与灯丝温度的关系为R=k（273+t），k为比例常数。

根据I—U图线，估算该灯泡正常工作时灯丝的温度约为℃。

4.（1）如图所示（2）A端（3）B （4）灯丝的电阻随温度的升高而增大（5）977℃5．（广西区百所高中2012届高三（第三届）联考理综卷）在做“描绘小灯泡的伏安特曲线”的实验时，所用器材有：电动势为6V的电源，额定电压为2.5V的小灯泡，以及符合实验要求的滑动变阻器、电流表、电压表、开关和导线，要求能测出尽可能多的数据，图示是没有连接完的实物电路。

2025届辽宁省抚顺本溪铁岭辽阳葫芦岛市重点中学第二学期期末初三年级英语试题学科教学质量监测试卷注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

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Ⅰ. 单项选择1、---Excuse me, sir. Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?---Oh, sorry, I took it ______. Mine is over there under the chair.A．at once B．on time C．by mistake D．in all2、I left a message to my parents yesterday, but ______ of them called me back.A．both B．none C．neither3、—John, dinner is ready.—I want to eat _________, Mum. I’m not feeling well.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything4、________ your sunglasses, Sally. The sun is so bright.A．Put down B．Put off C．Put away D．Put on5、—Where is Daming?—He ________ to Dalian for an important meeting.A．goes B．went C．has been D．has gone6、—I’m sorry I ________ my exercise book at home this morning.—It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget ________ it here this afternoon.A．left; to take B．forgot; bringingC．left; to bring D．forgot; to bring7、—When you to the party?—Two days ago. And they also invited Tony.A．did; invite B．will; inviteC．were; invited D．are; invited8、China is famous for _______. They live only in China.A．B． C．D．9、----- It is selfless_______ the doctor to devote all the time he had ______ for the patients.------ I think so, they are so great.A．for; to care B．of; to care C．for; to caring D．of; to caring10、Some farmers ________how to feed chickens.A．taught I B．taught us C．taught she D．taught weⅡ. 完形填空11、Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life. Here is a survey showing the main problems of 1They feel stressed because they have 2 homework to do both at school and at home. They have lots of exams 3 And parents usually send them 4 different classes at weekends. As a result, so many of them almost become bookworms(书虫). On holidays, they could hardly have 5 time to do what they are interested in. Now more and more teenagers 6 short-sighted. They often read in bed or keep 7 for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some 8 too much watching TV 9 serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food, but they take little exercise.I think teenagers should think of ways on how to 10 the problem. They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.1．A．adult B．adults C．teenager D．teenagers2．A．too many B．too much C．much too D．many too3．A．join B．to be taken C．to take D．to join4．A．to B．for C．of D．in5．A．our own B．their own C．his own D．they own6．A．are getting B．are getting C．got D．are become7．A．red B．read C．to read D．reading8．A．pay B．cost C．spend D．take9．A．Another B．Other C．Others D．Some10．A．doing with B．do with C．dealing with D．deal withⅢ. 语法填空12、Lei Feng Day is on March 5. More than fifty years ago, Chairman Mao called on people to “learn from Lei Feng”. Is the spirit of Lei Feng out of the date(过时) now? Some people show us that it 1．(not be) outdated yet? Here is a true story about the spirit.After the 2014 college entrance examination, Xing Sirui ,a 17-year-old girl from Dongying, waited for the result. On June 24, while she 2．(walk) along the Qingfeng lake, she suddenly heard someone 3．(cry) for help. She stopped hurriedly and looked around for the voice. After seeing a young woman in the lake，she jumped into the water bravely, 4．(keep) her head above the water and tried to pull her back to the bank. It took her about 45 minutes 5．(finish) the job. At last, the woman 6．(save), but Xing Sirui left quietly without 7．(say) anything. She was praised highly for her behavior and was choosen as the Dongying Finest Girl.In recent years, it is wrongly considered to be old fashion to learn from Lei Feng. Xing Surui risked his life to save a stranger whom she didn’t know at all. She sets an example for us Chinese. In fact, some people around us 8．(do) the same things for the society like her.In my opinion, even in modern times, we 9．(help) each other to build a harmonious (和谐的)society and then our country 10．(become) better and better.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、There are hundreds of marathons (马拉松) held around the world each year, from the North Pole to the Sahara Desert. Here are some of the biggest and the best.1．According to the passage, the London Marathon is ______.A．the earliest B．the coolest C．held in winter D．the best at raising money2．How many people finished the first New York City Marathon?A．About 5,000. B．Over 50,000. C．Nearly 10,000. D．55.3．The idea of the Boston Marathon was born thanks to the marathon held in _______.A．1896 B．1897 C．1898 D．19004．How long is the history of the world’s coolest marathon?A．16 years. B．17 years. C．2 years. D．46 years.5．Where does the passage probably come from?A．A geography book. B．A sports magazine. C．A news report. D．A school notice.B14、Few kids today are taught the value of sympathy（同情心）. It seems so hard for people to show their love and care towards others and to actually understand what others are going through.As a child I was taught to go out of my way to make someone else happy. My mom told me to say at least one kind word to someone else every day. I admit（承认）that it wasn't very easy to do. But as soon as you see the look of happiness in that person's eyes, you just want to do as much as you can do.I had an experience with a guy whom people were always making fun of. Every time I saw that happening, I knew in my heart that it was wrong. I decided I would try to be his friend. I started walking with him and introducing him to people around us. I was making him happy by just doing that. And I loved the fact that I was making a difference in his life.After a while I realized that he wasn't the kind of person everybody thought he was. We are still good friends today. People have almost completely stopped making fun of him. But he is still what he was. What changed was the attitudes of others towards him.From this experience I’ve learned to be more loving toward other people. What I did for my friend was so easy. And at the same time I had a lot of fun. So I hope that everyone can say a kind word to someone else at least once a day. I can promise you it will be the best feeling you can ever get.One kind word can make someone’s day brighter.1．According to the writer, more kids should be taught the value of .A．sympathy B．friendshipC．work D．study2．When I was young, my mom taught me to .A．study hardB．make more friendsC．make someone else happyD．fight for my own3．What was NOT the way I chose when I saw a guy who was being made fun of?A．I made up my mind to be his friend.B．I started walking with him.C．I introduced him to people around us.D．I helped him talk back.4．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A．It was very easy for me to say at least one kind word to others at first.B．I realized that the guy was the kind of person everybody thought he was.C．The guy changed himself to make others stop making fun of him.D．What changed was the attitudes of others toward the guy.5．What does the writer want to tell us?A．We can’t change others easily.B．One kind word can make others happy.C．We can change ourselves to change others.D．We don’t need to teach the kids sympathy.C15、Millions of British people haveditched the traditional “thank you” and took the place of it with the less formal “cheers”, according to a survey.Although the common person will say “thank you” nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three are more likely to add a “cheers” or “ta” where it’s needed to show they are fashionable.One in twenty now say “nice one” instead, while the younger are more likely to offer a “cool” than a “thank you”.“Merci”, “fab” and even “gracias” were also listed as common phrases to use, as “much appreciated(感激)”.One in twenty who took part in the survey of 2,000 people by the Food Network UK for Thank You Day, which is marked on November 24, 2011, said a formal “thank you” was now not often needed in everyday conversation. More than one in ten adults said they regularly won’t say thank you if they are in a bad mood. Most people stated that saying thank you was something that their parents trained them. A huge 70 percent of those questioned will say thank you to a person’s face without even meaning it, while one fifth avoid(避免)saying it when they know they should.It seems our friends and family get the stress of our bad manners. Half of them admit (承认) they’re not good at thanking those closest to them. Many of them explain that they don’t say thank you because their family “already know I’m grateful”.When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people.One third will still send a handwritten thank-you note---but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they tried tosend one.A quarter of British people say “thank you” with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake.It follows that 85 percent of people will be angry because of not getting the gratitude (感激)they feel they should receive.1．（小题1）Most of the people who took part in the survey say that they say “thank you” _______.A．when they are in good moodB．completely out of habitC．when they feel truly gratefulD．purely out of politeness2．（小题2）Th e underlined word “ditched” in Paragraph 1 means “________”.A．gave up B．usedC．shared D．knew3．（小题3）It can be learned from the passage that _______.A．different ways of expressing gratitude are all fashionableB．people should avoid saying “thank you” nowadaysC．a thank-you note is still appreciated by most peopleD．people in a bad mood never say “thank you”4．（小题4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．Most people express their gratitude to others by buying food for them.B．About fifty percent of people try not to say thank you when they should.C．Most people may feel natural when they fail to receive others’ gratitude.D．Many people think it unnecessary to say thanks to their family members.D16、Maybe you think that many parents have a lot to learn about what their children are doing online. According to a recent survey by Symantec Company, which makes many kinds of security(安全)software for home and business computers, there's a "huge difference between parents and their kids".Parents of children under the age of 18 were asked to estimate(估计)how much time their kids spent online each week. The parents said about three hours a week on average(平均).The kids－ages 8 to 17－who took the survey said they were spending an average of seven hours online each week."I really think that's because of the time they spend on their mobile phones and computers, when their parents don't even knowthey're online," says Symantec's Bill Rosenkrantz. "Remember, cellphones, PDAs and video game machines all make it possible to surf the Internet. You don't have to sit in front of a computer screen."And what are the kids doing on the Web? "They're doing things, like downloading music, they're going to social networking sites, they're actually shopping online when parents don't think they're doing those kinds of activities," says Rosenkrantz. "They're also, we think, doing some things with research papers and other kinds of activities with homework maybe where they're getting some information online and they really shouldn't be." Nearly a quarter of the kids (23 percent) night do things their parents would not agree.So how does a modern parent deal with this type of situation? "The first thing we strongly recommend is that parents spend fine with their children online," Rosenkrantz，says. "Sit down with them and understand what they're doing. Secondly, have a dialogue about it. Have a dialogue about what's an acceptable activity, what's an unacceptable activity, and set some ground rules－time online, things you can and can't do. Really have those conversations. That's the most important ." There are a lot of bad people on the Internet. That's why it's so important for parents to know what their kids are doing online.1．The data(数据)in the second paragraph are used to show .A．parents don't exactly know kids' online activitiesB．time spent online changes with children's agesC．children always spend too much time onlineD．children spend more time online than their parents2．What can we learn from the passage?A．Some kids surveyed may go against their parents' rules.B．Most parents know what their kids are doing online.C．Special home computers are being made by Symantec.D．Parents are too busy to pay attention to their kids.3．In Rosenkrantz's opinion, the key to the situation is that parents should .A．shorten their kids' time spent onlineB．know their kids' online activitiesC．use security software in computersD．have a dialogue with their kids4．What's the purpose of the passage?A．To advertise a piece of useful security software.B．To call parents' attention to kids' online behaviour.C．To warn children of the risks online activities.D．To give reasons for kids' bad Internet habits.E17、Once there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it every day. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.Time went by --- the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day. One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad. “Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy. “I’m no longer a kid. I wouldn’t play around the tree any more.” the boy replied. “I want toys. I need money to buy them.” “Sorry, I don’t have money. But you can pick al l my apples and sell them. So, you will have money.” T he boy picked all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy never came back after he picked the apples.One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited, “Come and play with me,” the tree said. “I don’t have time to play. I have to work for m y family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help?” “Sorry, I don’t have a house. But you can cut off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him ha ppy but the boy never came back since then. The tree was again lonely and sad.One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was pleased. “Come and play with me!” the tree said. “I am sad and getting old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use m y trunk to build your boat. You can sail far away and be happy.” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy. But I don’t ha ve anything for you any more. The only thing left is my dying root,” the tree said with tears ①“Good! Old tree root is the best place to lean on and rest. Come and sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tre e was glad and smiled with tears ② ----1．---Why did the boy pick all the apples on the tree?----Because __________.A．he wanted to eat them B．he needed money to buy toysC．he liked the tree without apples D．he wanted to share them with friends.2．----When did the boy come back to the apple tree?----He came back _________.A．whenever he was happy B．if he missed the apple treeC．when he was in times of difficulty D．as soon as he was free3．----What did the boy want at last?----He wanted ___________.A．to have a house to live in B．nothing except a place to restC．the root of the apple tree D．anything that the apple tree had4．----What can we learn from the story?----We should _________.A．plant more apple trees B．learn from the boyC．always stay at home D．be thankful to our parents5．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A．The phrase “with tears ①” means that the apple tree was sad because the boy asked for too much.B．The phrase “with tears ②” means that the apple tree was still hap py because she could help the boy for the last time. C．Each time the boy asked the apple tree for help, the tree tried her best to satisfy him.D．After reading the passage, we can easily think of the old Chinese saying “Parents’ love is universal!”F18、It was Saturday morning and I asked seven-year-old Kelley to let her daddy take her to gym class. But she didn’t agree. I explained that some friends would visit our house that day and I had to clean the house. But the truth was, I had spent 20 years wat ching Kelley’s five elder brothers and sisters take lessons and I just wanted to get out of it. However, seeing Kelley was going to cry, I decided to do this once more.Looking through the door, I watched as the teacher led the students to a rope hanging in the corner of the gym. One after another, each child in line climbed up the thick rope while the teacher held it at the bottom. Then it was Kelley’s turn—the youngest in the class. With a big smile, she climbed higher and higher. Then it happened. About halfway up, the teacher loudly warned, “Don’t go up any farther than you’re able to come down.”Kelley halted... Then slowly moved down all the way to the floor. I knew she was heading to the top of that rope and was perfectly capable (能胜任的) of reaching it. Why did she stop? I questioned her on the way home.“Kelley, could you have climbed all the way to the top?”“Yes,” she quietly replied.“Then why didn’t you keep going?”Silence.“Was it because of what the teacher said?” I asked.She nodded.I knew it was time to teach.“Kelley, don’t let anybody make you doubt yourself. Don’t ever let anyone keep you from knowing what you can do... Even though they seem bigger, or smarter or older. Will you remember that?” I said.“Yes!” she answered quickly.I was glad I chose to take Kelley to the class and got the opportunity to teach her an important lesson.1．The writer did NOT want to take Kelley to gym class at first because she __________.A．became very tired of it B．needed to visit some friendsC．had so much housework to do D．had to take lessons herself2．Seeing Kelley climbing higher and higher, the teacher felt _________.A．angry B．worried C．proud D．pleased3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A．The writer has six children to look after.B．Kelley would like her father to take her to gymnastics class.C．The other children in gymnastic class are younger than Kelley.D．Kelley was very frightened before the teacher’s warning.4．What did the writer expect Kelley to do?A．To take care of her safety. B．To follow the teacher’s advice.C．To do as other students do. D．To have confidence in herself.5．The underlined word “halted” in paragraph 3 means .A．smiled B．stopped C．remembered D．countedⅤ.书面表达19、书面表达如今的交通已经成了许多城市的主要困扰。

辽宁省锦州市重点中学2025届高三压轴卷数学试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。

选择题必须用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。

2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。

3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1． “幻方”最早记载于我国公元前500年的春秋时期《大戴礼》中．“n 阶幻方()*3,n n ≥∈N ”是由前2n 个正整数组成的—个n 阶方阵，其各行各列及两条对角线所含的n 个数之和（简称幻和）相等，例如“3阶幻方”的幻和为15（如图所示）．则“5阶幻方”的幻和为（ ）A ．75B ．65C ．55D ．452．已知平面向量a ，b 满足()1,2a =-，()3,b t =-，且()a ab ⊥+，则b =（ ） A ．3B 10C ．3D ．53．已知抛物线C ：24x y =的焦点为F ，过点F 的直线l 交抛物线C 于A ，B 两点，其中点A 在第一象限，若弦AB的长为254，则AF BF =（ ） A ．2或12B ．3或13C ．4或14D ．5或154．已知01a b <<<，则（ ）A ．()()111b b a a ->- B ．()()211bb a a ->- C ．()()11aba b +>+ D ．()()11aba b ->- 5．下列不等式成立的是（ ）A ．11sin cos 22>B ．11231122⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭C ．112311log log 32<D ．11331123⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭6．如图所示，三国时代数学家在《周脾算经》中利用弦图，给出了勾股定理的绝妙证明.图中包含四个全等的直角三角形及一个小正方形（阴影），设直角三角形有一个内角为30，若向弦图内随机抛掷200颗米粒（大小忽略不计，取3 1.732），则落在小正方形（阴影）内的米粒数大约为（ ）A ．20B ．27C ．54D ．647．如图，在三棱锥D ABC -中，DC ⊥平面ABC ，AC BC ⊥，2AC BC CD ===，E ，F ，G 分别是棱AB ，AC ，AD 的中点，则异面直线BG 与EF 所成角的余弦值为A ．0B ．63C ．33D ．18．如图是甲、乙两位同学在六次数学小测试（满分100分）中得分情况的茎叶图，则下列说法错误．．的是（ ）A ．甲得分的平均数比乙大B ．甲得分的极差比乙大C ．甲得分的方差比乙小D ．甲得分的中位数和乙相等9．已知复数为纯虚数(为虚数单位)，则实数（ ）A ．-1B ．1C ．0D ．210．新闻出版业不断推进供给侧结构性改革，深入推动优化升级和融合发展，持续提高优质出口产品供给，实现了行业的良性发展.下面是2012年至2016年我国新闻出版业和数字出版业营收增长情况，则下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．2012年至2016年我国新闻出版业和数字出版业营收均逐年增加B ．2016年我国数字出版业营收超过2012年我国数字出版业营收的2倍C ．2016年我国新闻出版业营收超过2012年我国新闻出版业营收的1.5倍D ．2016年我国数字出版营收占新闻出版营收的比例未超过三分之一11．已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的焦距为2c ，过左焦点1F 作斜率为1的直线交双曲线C 的右支于点P ，若线段1PF 的中点在圆222:O x y c +=上，则该双曲线的离心率为（ ） A ．2B ．22C ．21+D ．221+12．已知函数31,0()(),0x x f x g x x ⎧+>=⎨<⎩是奇函数，则((1))g f -的值为（ ）A ．－10B ．－9C ．－7D ．1二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

-高一上学期物理期末试卷2014-2015高一上学期物理期末试卷一、选择题(本题共17小题，每小题4分，共68分;1到12题，只有一个选项符合题意，有选错或不答的得0分。

13到17题为多选多选漏选不给分】1. 在研究下列问题中，能够把研究对象看作质点的是( )A.研究地球的自转B.研究地球绕太阳的公转C.研究一列火车通过某一路标所用的时间D.研究乒乓球的旋转2. 如图所示为某校学生开展无线电定位“搜狐”比赛，甲、乙两人从O点同时出发，并同时到达A点搜到狐狸，两人的搜狐路径已在图中标出，则( )A. 甲的平均速度大于乙的平均速度B. 两人运动的平均速度相等C. 甲的位移大于乙的位移D. 甲的路程等于乙的路程3. 单位制是由基本单位和导出单位所组成的一系列完整的单位体制。

在以下所给出的力学单位中，属于国际单位制中的基本单位是( )A. mB. m/sC. m/s2D. N4. 关于速度与加速度的关系，下列说法中正确的是( )A. 物体的速度改变越快，其加速度也越大B. 物体的速度越大，其加速度也越大C. 物体的速度改变量越大，其加速度也越大D. 物体的速度为零，其加速度一定为零5. 关于惯性和牛顿第一定律，下列说法中正确的是( )A. 静止的物体可能没有惯性B. 速度越大的物体惯性越大C. 同一物体在地球上和月球上惯性不同D. 伽利略的斜槽实验以可靠的事实为基础并把实验探究和逻辑推理和谐地结合在一起6. 力是矢量，它的合成与分解遵守平行四边形定则，以下关于大小分别为7N和9N的两个力的合力正确的有( )A. 合力不可能为3NB. 合力不可能为9NC. 合力一定为16ND. 合力可能为2N7. 关于自由落体运动，下列说法正确的是 ( )A.自由落体运动是一种匀速直线运动B.物体刚下落时，速度和加速度都为零C.物体在下落的过程中，每秒速度都增加9.8m/sD.物体的质量越大，下落时加速度就越大8. 金属小桶侧面有一小孔A，当桶内盛水时，水会从小孔A中流出。

专题3 牛顿运动定律一、单项选择题1．（河南省洛阳市2012届高三上学期期中考试）下列关于惯性的各种说法中，正确的是（ ）A ．物体在任何情况下都有惯性B ．在完全失重的情况下，物体的惯性将消失C ．物体只有静止或做匀速直线运动时才有惯性D ．材料不同的两个物体放在水平面上，用相同的水平力分别推它们，则难以推动的物体惯性大2．（陕西省西安市2012届高三年级第一次质量检测试题理综卷、陕西省宝鸡中学2012届高三第四次月考试题）一条足够长的浅色水平传送带自左向右匀速运行。

现将一个木炭包无初速地放在传送带的最左端，木炭包在传送带上将会留下一段黑色的径迹。

下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．黑色的径迹将出现在木炭包的左侧B ．木炭包的质量越大，径迹的长度越短C ．传送带运动的速度越大，径迹的长度越短D ．木炭包与传送带间动摩擦因数越大，径迹的长度越短l =vt -221at ，联立各式可得l =μg v 22，可见，径迹的长度与木炭包的质量无关，只与v 和μ左右有关，v 越大，μ越小时，径迹的长度越长，选项BC 错误，D 正确；木炭包匀速运动前，与其接触并被染黑的传送带上各点的速度较大，相继运动到木炭包的右面，所以黑色的径迹将出现在木炭包的右侧，选项A 错误。

本题答案为D 。

3．（湖北省黄冈中学2012届高三月考）如图所示，两个固定的倾角相同的滑杆上分别套A 、B 两个圆环，两个圆环上分别用细线悬吊着两个物体C 、D ，当它们都沿滑杆向下滑动时，A 的悬线始终与杆垂直，B 的悬线始终竖直向下。

则下列说法中正确的是 （ ）A ．A 环与滑杆无摩擦力B ．B 环与滑杆无摩擦力C ．A 环做的是匀速运动D ．B 环做的是匀加速运动对B 环所吊的物体分析，绳子的拉力与重力的合力在竖直方向，而它运动方向是平行杆方向，故它一定做的匀速运动，拉力与重力平衡，Mg=F ；再对B 环分析，环与它所吊的重物一样也做匀速运动，在平行杆方向：（mg+F )sin θ-f =0，f =(mg+F )sin θ，故选项BD 错误。

专题1 直线运动一、单项选择题1．（陕西省西工大附中2012届高三适应性测试理综卷）关于匀变速直线运动的说法，不正确的是（ ）A ．某段时间内的平均速度等于这段时间内的初速度和末速度和的一半B ．在任意相等的时间内位移的变化相等C ．在任意相等的时间内速度的变化相等D ．某段时间内的平均速度，等于中间时刻的瞬时速度2．（浙江省瑞安市十校2012届高三上学期期中联考理综）一辆公共汽车进站后开始刹车，做匀减速直线运动，开始刹车后的第1 s 内和第2 s 内位移大小依次为9 m 和7 m ，则刹车后6 s 内的位移是（ ）A.20 mB.24 mC.25 mD.75 m2.C 解析：根据Δs=at 2，可得a=Δs/t 2=2m/s 2；从开始刹车计时，1s 时的速度为v 1=（9 m+7 m ）/2s=8m/s ，再经过4s 汽车停止运动，所以汽车的总刹车时间是5s ，刹车后6 s 内的位移s =m 25m 52212122=⨯⨯=at 。

本题答案为C 。

3．（福建省四地六校2012届高三联考物理试卷）一位同学在某星球上完成自由落体运动实验：让一个质量为2kg 的小球从一定的高度自由下落，测得在第5s 内的位移是18m ，则（ ）A．物体在2s末的速度是20m/s B．物体在第5s内的平均速度是3.6m/sC．物体在第2s内的位移是20m D．物体在5s内的位移是50m4.（四川省绵阳中学2012届高三月考理综卷）四川灾后重建中，在某工地上一卡车以速度10m/s 匀速行驶，刹车后第1个2s内位移与最后一个2s内位移之比为3∶2，设卡车做匀减速直线运动，则刹车后4s内卡车通过的距离是（）A．2.5m B．4m C．12m D．12.5m5．（福建省四地六校2012届高三联考物理试卷）如图所示，为一质点做直线运动的速度—时间图象，下列说法错误的是（）A．整个过程中，CE段的加速度最大B．在18s末，质点的运动方向发生了变化C．整个过程中，D点所表示的状态离出发点最远D．BC段所表示的运动通过的位移是34m5.B 解析：v-t图线的斜率表示加速度，a OA=1m/s2，a AB=0，a BC=1.75m/s2，a CE=-6m/s2，可见，选项A正确；v-t图线位于横轴上方时表示质点的运动方向与规定的正方向相同，所以在18s末，质点的运动速度不变，但其大小开始逐渐减小，即质点开始做匀减速直线运动，选项B 错误；根据v-t 图象的“面积法”求位移，质点从开始运动到D 点的整个过程中，其v-t 图线与横轴围成的图形刚好都位于横轴上方，故选项C 正确；根据“面积法”，BC 段所表示的运动通过的位移是s=m 34m 412521=⨯+⨯）（，选项D 正确。