分类短语
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短语的分类
短语:由句法、语义和语用三个层面上能够搭配的语言单位
组合起来的没有句调的语言单位。
短语有以下几类:并列短语、偏正短语、动宾短语、后补短语、主谓短语、方位短语、介宾短语、的字短语、复指短语、
固定短语、中补短语、联合短语
1.并列短语:词与词之间有并列关系.
2.偏正短语:前面的词修饰、限制后面的名词、动词或形容词.
3.动宾短语:由支配涉及关系的两个成分组成,前面起支配作
用的部分是动语,表示动作行为;后面被支配的部分是宾语,
表示做什么、是什么。
支配关系用语序而不用虚词表示。
4.后补短语:后面的词补充说明前面的动词或形容词.
5.主谓短语:由有陈述关系的两个成分组成,前面被陈述部分
是主语,表示要说的是谁或什么;后面陈述的部分是谓语,说
明主语怎么样或者是什么。
陈述关系用语序而不用虚词表示
6.方位短语:名词或动词后面带上方位名词.
7.介宾短语:有介词和名词或代词等结合构成.
8.的字短语:由名词、动词、形容词或代词等带上结构助词
9.复指短语:两个或几个词同指一个对象.
10.固定短语:结构固定的专名或成语和词组合成短语,
11.中补短语(后补短语):中补短语也叫后补短语,由动词
或形容词与后面起补充作用的成分组合而成,常用“得”字表示,起补充作用的成分是补语。
12.联合短语:由语法地位平等的两项或几项组成,其间是联
合关系,可细分为并列、递进、选择等关系。
有时用“和”、“并”、“或”等连词表示。
短语的类型举例
短语的类型可以根据其功能、结构、语义等不同标准进行分类。
以下是常见的几种短语类型举例:
1. 名词短语:如“一本好书”、“美丽的风景”等,其中名词是中心词,描述事物、地点、时间等概念。
2. 动词短语:如“走进房间”、“开始跑步”等,其中动词是中心词,描述动作或状态。
3. 形容词短语:如“红色的苹果”、“漂亮的姑娘”等,其中形容词是中心词,描述事物的性质或状态。
4. 副词短语:如“非常高兴”、“突然跳起”等,其中副词是中心词,描述动作或状态的方式或程度。
5. 介词短语:如“在桌子上”、“关于这个问题”等,其中介词是中心词,表示动作或状态与某事物之间的关系。
6. 连词短语:如“和”、“但是”等,其中连词是中心词,表示不同词语或短语之间的关系。
7. 感叹词短语:如“哎哟”、“哎呀”等,其中感叹词是中心词,表示说话人的情感或态度。
以上仅是常见的短语类型举例,实际上短语的类型还有很多种,需要根据具体语境和上下文进行判断。
根据短语包含词语的多少可以把短语分为简单短语和复杂短语。
简单短语的内部只有两个词,一种语法结构关系;复杂短语的内部有三个或三个以上(可能很多)的词,并且词与词的结构层次和语法关系都比较复杂。
1、主谓短语主谓短语由主语和谓语两部分构成,主语在前,谓语在后。
两部分的关系是陈述和被陈述的关系。
通俗点就是:谁(东西)+干什么。
例:他写你洗我做科技发达国家富强人民幸福今天星期一明天晴天鲁迅绍兴人这本书20元主谓短语之问往往可以加进“是不是,其结构性质不变。
例:今天星期二--今天是不是星期二(结构性质不变)2、动宾短语,也称“述宾短语”。
动宾短语也是由两部分组成,前一部分是行为动作,后一部分是受动作支配的,前后两部分是支配关系,前一部分为动语,后一部分为宾语。
动宾短语中问往往可以加进“了、着、过”,加进以后,短语性质不变。
“了、着、过”总是附加的。
动宾短语中问不能加“的”。
例:洗衣服:洗着(了、过)衣服(短语性质没变)买衣服买了(过)衣服(短语性质没变)洗衣服洗的衣服(短语性质变了)盖房子坐火车抽烟看书。
3、偏正短语偏正短语都包含两个部分,前一部分是限制说明后一部分的,有时也可以进行描写性的说明,其实也是一种限制。
它有两种类型:定中和状中。
例:(中国)工人(钢铁)工人(三个)工人(长长的)桌子(高高的)个子[慢慢儿]看[认真]看[正在]看[不]看干净[很]干净[不]干净4、补充短语:一般说成述补短语,分为动补和形补。
例:洗<干净> 摆<整齐> 坐<端正> 洗<丢了> 洗<破了> 打<破> 写<好了> 又如:洗得干净洗不干净刷得干净刷不干净摆得整齐摆不整齐写得好写不好5、并列短语:词和词之问没有轻重主次之分,彼此地位平等。
例:文化教育今天或明天调查研究愿意并实行光辉灿烂庄严肃穆万紫千红风和日丽我和他这样那样四面八方千秋万代半斤八两6、连动短语,是由两个动词成分组合在一起所形成的,连动短语里的两个动词之问没有语音停顿,但有先后关系。
英语短语的分类短语是句子中既没有主语也没有动词的一组词,短语不能表达完整的思想,因为它缺少主语和动词。
这就是子句和短语的区别,因为小句有一个主语和一个动词,它可以单独表达一个完整的意思。
短语由一个头(也称为词首)和一个或多个可选的修饰语组成,一个短语还可以包含其他短语组成。
短语类型短语分为八类:名词短语,不定式短语,动词短语,同位语短语,分词短语,动名词短语,绝对短语和介词短语。
让我们详细看一下每个短语及其示例:名词短语名词短语由名词和修饰语组成,示例:The disabled woman was left out of the trip.The deceased person was humble and faithful.The young vet had come across several cases of pneumonia.Sunday became a quiet, sorrow evening.The ailing mother was generous and honest.动词词组动词短语由动词和修饰动词的词组成。
例子:She was waiting for the bus to arrive.She was interested in watching the film.You have not uttered a word since morning.You might enjoy a cup of tea.He was excited to be part of the party.He was anxious to meet her favorite actorShe was distressed when she failed the test.He was pleased to have his application approved.He was eager to say goodbye to his classmates.You might find it necessary to carry an umbrella.You could have won the race if you had prepared in advance. He was prepared to quit the job if her nemesis was to become the CEO.动名词短语动名词短语是以充当名词的动词开头的名词短语。
垃圾分类的短语
1、垃圾扔前分一分,绿色生活一百分。
2、伸出你的手,让垃圾对上号。
3、生活垃圾合理分类,全身是宝靠你创造。
4、积极参与垃圾分类,创优美社区环境。
5、创意生活,文明分类。
6、垃圾分类责无旁贷,持续发展千秋万代。
7、垃圾分类我先行,举手之劳处处做。
8、垃圾利用就是宝,分门别类少不了。
9、垃圾分类,从小做起。
10、我们不想住在一起,请给我们分个家。
11、垃圾要分类,生活变美好。
12、垃圾分类,创造完美生活。
13、画笔描绘锦绣图,垃圾分类不含糊。
14、垃圾分类人人动手,干湿分离家家行动。
15、垃圾分类人人做,做好分类为人人。
(一)介词短语about短语worry about= be worried about 担心talk about 谈论dream about 梦想care about 关心(care for 照顾,喜欢)be about to do sth. 即将做某事think about 考虑hear about 听说be sure about... 对……确信(be sure to do sth. 一定会)complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨……be crazy about 对……着迷(=be keen on sth.)be anxious about... 担忧……be curious about... 对……好奇at短语laugh at 嘲笑look at 看call/email sb. at 打电话/发邮件找某人point at 指着某人shout at 朝……吼shoot at 朝……射击smile at 朝……笑at times 有时候at once 立刻at present 目前at first 首先at least 至少at last 最终at birth 出生时at the age of 在……岁时at the beginning/end of 在……开始时/结束时at the same time 同时at night 在晚上at a price of 以……价格at the bottom/top of在……顶部/底部stare at sb. 盯着看make sb. feel at home 让某人宾至如归at once 立即,马上(right away)be amazed at对……感到吃惊be poor at在……方面差aim at瞄准at a speed of 以……速度at present 目前at table在吃饭at work在工作at the time of 在……时候at the picnic在野餐时knock at/on the door 敲门after短语look after 照顾take after 像某人run after 追赶shortly after 在……之后不久one after another 一个接一个after you! 你先请!after all 毕竟away短语give away sth. to sb. 赠送,分发put away 收拾好pass away 去世keep/ stay away from 远离run away 逃跑as短语as for/ to sb.对于treat/ see/ consider/ regard / think of sb. as + n.对待/认为as usual像往常一样as long as只要as well as和/像……一样好as soon as possible 尽可能快地as a matter of fact 事实上as a whole 整个来说be (amous/well-known as作为……而出名as you can imagine正如你想象的那样by短语by accident 偶然( accidentally )by mistake 不小心地little by little —点一点地step by step 一步一步地word by word —字一字地as times goes by随着时间的流逝drop by顺便拜访pass by经过by the end of/ when/ by/ before +过去时间(过去完成时) by the way顺便说一下by then到那时by the side of the road 在路边walk by 走路经过down短语let sb. down 使某人失望turn sb. down 拒绝某人=refuse sb.fall down 摔倒take down=pull down 拆除cut down 砍倒lie down 躺下go down/ along the street 沿着街走(go straight 直走)shoot down 击落(wind/fire) die down (风/火)减弱slow down 减速put sth. upside down 倒放calm down冷静close down关闭/停业count down倒计时be /feel down悲哀,沮丧for短语look for 寻找search for 捜寻wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事care for 关心,照願ask sb. for sth. 向……要……prepare for 为……做准备(prepare to do sth. 准备做某事)be prepared for/ to do 准备好了做某事(=be ready for/ to do)thanks for为……而感激某人stand for代表be thirsty for渴望be late for 迟到(come late to)for short 简称pay sb. for sth. 向某人付钱be responsible for sth. 对……负责(take the responsibility)as for = as to 至于be sorry for对……感到抱歉fight for为……奋斗(fight against与……做斗争)decide for oneself 自己决定apply for (a job) 申请(一份工作)for a while —会儿leave.... for…离开某地去某地for free免费raise money for为……筹钱for no reason 毫无缘由buy sb. sth. (=buy sth. for sb. 给某人买东西)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 対对……来说做某事很方便from短语hear from sb. 收到某人来信die from 死于(外因)prevent/ stop/ keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事separate A from B 把A和B分开be absent from 缺席be far away from 远离protect sb. from 保护某人免受……from my point of view 依我看(in my opinion/ personally)apart from 除……之外protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受……in短语arrive in 到达大地方(arrive at 到达小地方,get to/ reach )believe in God 信仰上帝hand in 上交take in (air/ knowledge)吸入(空气/ 知识)take pride in 以……为傲(be proud of)join in = take part in 参加(活动)(join加入组织;be in加入组织或参加活动)do well in = be good at在……做得好take an interest in 对……有兴趣in danger在危险中in trouble处于困境in addition 此外(in addition to 除……外)in the shape of 以……的形状in silence 安静地in fact 实际上in advance 提前in total 总共in style/fashion 流行的in return 反过来in a hurry 匆忙地in general= generally speaking 通常地in this/ that case 如果这样/那样的话n the way of 妨碍in a low/loud voice 低/高声in peace 和平地=peacefullyall in all 总之be in need of 需要be in control of 控制(be under control 在……控制之下)in other words话句话说in public公开地/当众in excitement兴奋地in/with satisfaction 满意地in surprise 吃惊地in the future 将来in a minute/moment —会儿in a hurry/rush 匆忙地in future= from now on 从今以后in order to 为了have something in common with 与……有共同点be in good health/mood 身体健康/心情好be weak/ strong in 在……强/弱play a role/ part in在……中扮演角色in a word 总之hand in hand手挽手in the first place= firstly= at first 第一,首先divide sth. into 把……分成……in the end 最后succeed in doing sth. = be successful in doing sth. 做某事成功in a mess 一团糟(make a mess)in disbelief 不相信once in a while 偶尔地in a certain way以某种方式in the face of sth. 当面对……时in the past 过去turn/change... into…把……变成……translate .... into... 把……翻译成.……fall in love with爱上in the past few years在过去几年(现在完成时)in the corner 在角落(at/on/around the corner 在拐角处)in person 亲自in the sunshine/ moonlight 在阳光/月光下in front of... 在……前面(外部的前面)in the front of 在……的前部(内部的前面)be in agreement with sb. 与……一致(reach an agreement with sb.) stick sth. into 把……插进lead into a question 引入一个问题fill in the form填写表格check in登记,报道,入住check out 退房be in bed/hospital生病在床/住院be caught in the rain/storm 遭遇到雨/风暴in other words 换句话说in order that/ so that 以至于in one’s view 根据某人的看法in this way 以这种方法in the process of... 在……的过程中be in need of 需要walk into sb. 撞到某人in memory/ honor of 为纪念pour…into…把……倒入……in my time在我那个年代in time 及时地in a difficult situation 在困境中on短语put on穿上turn on TV打开电视get on上车go on with sth. 继续keep on doing继续做某事depend on依据work on 从事于focus on sth. 集中注意力在……上=concentrate on sth. pass on 传递knock on/at the door 敲门live on以……为生carry on 继续insist on the plan 坚持这个计划look down upon 看不起try on 试穿have influence on 对……有影响on time 准时on duty 值日on foot步行on sale 降价出售on show 展出on purpose 故意地on vacation/ holiday 在度假on weekends 在周末on business 在出差on one’s way to 在去……的路上on a cold night 在寒冷的晚上on the morning of June 1st 在6月1日早上play a joke on sb. 和……开玩笑put on weight 体重增长agree on sth. 就某事达成一致hold on! 稍等(打电话时)hang on 稍等,别挂断talk on the phone 打电话hold on to sth. 抓住……and so on 等等feed sb. on sth. 用……喂某人keep an eye on sb. 留心,注意某人be hard on sb. 对某人严格on one’s own 独自/靠自己play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人on earth 究竟/到底(What on earth are you doing?)congratulate sb. on sth. 就某事祝贺某人!(Congratulations on your improvement!)on the side of the mountain 在山腰run on electricity 靠电驱动on Sunday morning 在星期天早上agree on 对……达成一致be on 上映concentrate on sth. 全神贯注于……on average 平均地on TV 在电视上on/ over the radio 在收音机里on the tree 在树上(长在树上的)in the tree 在树上(外来的)once upon a time 很久以前spend time on sth. (spend time in doing sth.) 花时间在……上from now/ then on 从现在/那时起later on 随后on page 25 在第25页do research on sth. 对……做研究of短语remind sb. of sth. 让某人想起hear of/ from 听说run out of 用尽take care of 照顾get rid of 摆脱think of sb. as 认为是be afraid of 害怕(be afraid to do sth.)be proud of 为……感到自豪(=take pride in)die of 死于(内因)be made of 由……制成(看得出原材料)be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)be full of 充满(be filled with,be crowded with)be fond of 喜欢be of medium height/ build 中等身高/体型be short of 缺少develop the habit of 培养……的习惯a couple of weeks 几周a drop of 一滴as a result of 由于(as a result 结果)of course 当然a waste of time 浪费时间ahead of time 提前(ahead of you 在你前面)instead of 而不是/代替/相反a sense of humor/ direction 幽默感/方向感all of a sudden=suddenly 突然build sth. out of 用……建造the rest of sth. 剩余的the population of Chengdu 成都的人口a number of 一些the number of ……的数量a spoon/ bowl of 一勺/碗……a great deal of 许多(+不可数名词)plenty of 许多(+复数/不可数名词)be confident of 对……有信心dream of sth./ doing sth. 梦想做……a symbol of ……的象征the look of joy 快乐的表情a feeling of satisfaction 满足感the spirit of ……的精神a long period of time 很长一段时间speak/ think highly of sb. 高度地评价某人off短语take off 起飞/脱衣服put off 推迟turn off 关掉get off 下车knock off 装到show off 炫耀shut off 关闭give off 发出(光、热)set off 动身,出发pay off 付清run off 跑掉go off (闹钟)响see sb. off 为……送行clean…off 把……清理掉break off 中断keep off the grass 勿踩草坪kick sb. off 开除某人break off 终止,中断I will have 3 days off. 我要休息三天。
英语短语类型分类英语短语是由两个或更多单词组成的语言单位,它们通常在英语中被广泛使用。
根据读者的需要和目的,英语短语可以分为许多不同的类型。
下面我们来详细看看英语短语类型的分类。
一、名词短语名词短语指的是由一个或多个名词组成的短语。
它可以作为主语、宾语、补语、和定语等。
例如:“A beautiful garden”,“a cup of coffee”。
二、代词短语代词短语指的是由代词和修饰词组成的短语。
它可以代替一个名词作为主语、宾语、补语和定语等。
例如:“He is talking to her”,“They are listening to us”。
三、形容词短语形容词短语指的是由一个形容词和修饰词组成的短语。
它一般作为定语,修饰名词或代词。
例如:“The man is tall”,“The dress is red”。
四、副词短语副词短语指的是由一个副词和修饰词组成的短语。
它可以修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。
例如:“She singsbeautifully”,“The dog runs very fast”。
五、介词短语介词短语指的是由一个介词、它后面的名词或代词和修饰词组成的短语。
它通常被用作定语、状语、和宾语等。
例如:“The car is in the garage”,“I’m going to the mall with my friends”。
六、动词短语动词短语指的是由动词和修饰词组成的短语。
它通常用于作谓语、宾语补语、状语和定语等。
例如:“He is playingbasketball”,“She is writing a book”。
七、感叹短语感叹短语指的是表示惊讶、赞扬、恶心、悲伤或愤怒等感情的短语,通常包含一个或多个形容词或副词。
例如:“How beautiful the flowers are!”,“What a great idea!”。
以上是英语短语的七种类型分类,每种类型都有它的具体用途和语法结构。
英语短语分类1. 社交交流:- How are you?(你好吗)- What's up?(有什么新鲜事吗)- Nice to meet you.(很高兴认识你。
)- I'm sorry.(对不起。
)- Thank you.(谢谢。
)2. 询问和提供帮助:- Can I help you?(我能帮你吗)- Do you need any assistance?(你需要帮忙吗)- What can I do for you?(我能为你做点什么)- Let me know if you need anything.(如果你需要任何帮助,请告诉我。
)- I'm here to help.(我在这里帮忙。
)3. 表达喜好和不喜好:- I love it.(我喜欢。
)- I enjoy it.(我喜爱。
)- I hate it.(我讨厌。
)- I can't stand it.(我受不了。
)- It's not my cup of tea.(不是我的菜。
)4. 时间和日期:- What time is it?(现在几点了)- Can you tell me the date?(你能告诉我日期吗)- It's Monday.(今天是星期一。
)- It's 10 o'clock.(现在是10点。
)- Today is January 1st.(今天是1月1日。
)5. 表达感叹和惊讶:- Oh my God!(天哪!)- Wow!(哇!)- Amazing!(太棒了!)- Incredible!(不可思议!)- Unbelievable!(难以置信!)。
短语的分类短语是语言中的一个基本单位,由一个或多个词组成,可以分为以下几类:1. 名词短语 (Noun Phrase, NP): 以一个名词作为核心,可以包括冠词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语等修饰词。
例如:"a black cat", "the big house", "my best friend"2. 动词短语 (Verb Phrase, VP): 以一个动词作为核心,可以包括副词、介词短语等修饰词,并可以加上直接宾语或间接宾语等补充成分。
例如:"eat an apple", "run quickly", "give her a book"3. 形容词短语 (Adjective Phrase, AP): 以一个形容词作为核心,可以包括副词、介词短语等修饰词。
例如:"very tall", "extremely expensive", "a man of great courage"4. 副词短语 (Adverb Phrase, AdvP): 以一个副词作为核心,可以包括其他副词或介词短语等修饰词。
例如:"quite slowly", "very carefully", "in the park"5. 介词短语 (Prepositional Phrase, PP): 以一个介词作为核心,后面跟着一个名词短语。
6. 不定式短语 (Infinitive Phrase): 以不定式动词作为核心,可以包括副词、名词短语等修饰词。
例如:"to go home", "to eat lunch", "to study hard"7. 动名词短语 (Gerund Phrase): 以动名词作为核心,可以包括副词、名词短语等修饰词。
英语短语分类(一)英语短语分类1. 动词短语(Verb Phrases)•动词短语是由一个动词及其相关的词组成的短语。
它可以包括一个或多个副词、介词、名词等。
•动词短语可以用来表示一个动作、状态或者事件,并且能够帮助我们更准确地描述和表达我们的想法和意图。
•一些常见的动词短语包括:“give up”(放弃)、“look forward to”(期待)、“put off”(推迟)等。
2. 名词短语(Noun Phrases)•名词短语是由一个或多个名词及其相关的修饰词组成的短语。
它可以用来表示人、物、地点、概念等。
•名词短语通常用来描述一个事物的特征、属性、数量、位置等。
•一些常见的名词短语包括:“a cup of coffee”(一杯咖啡)、“the book on the table”(桌子上的书)、“a lot ofpeople”(许多人)等。
3. 形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)•形容词短语是由一个形容词及其相关的修饰词组成的短语。
它用来描述和补充名词或代词的特征或状态。
•形容词短语通常位于名词的前面或后面,并且可以用来增强我们对某事物的描述。
•一些常见的形容词短语包括:“very tall”(非常高)、“extremely happy”(极其开心)、“quite interesting”(相当有趣)等。
4. 副词短语(Adverb Phrases)•副词短语是由一个副词及其相关的修饰词组成的短语。
它用来描述和修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
•副词短语可以用来表达时间、地点、程度、频率等概念。
•一些常见的副词短语包括:“in the morning”(在早上)、“very quickly”(非常快速)、“quite often”(相当经常)等。
5. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)•介词短语是由一个介词及其后面的名词短语组成的短语。
它用来表示位置、时间、原因、目的等关系。
书面表达常用句型及短语1、学校生活及学习成绩get on well with one’s studytake several courses at schoolhave English (Chinese, Physics…)work hard at …put one’s heart into…be interested in …be fond oflike chemistry bestbe good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;major in history 主修历史He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。
get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位succeed in…;be active in class (work);take an active part in …;learn… by heart;work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marksin the exam;have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study)2、师生关系get on well with sb;be gentle with us; be kind to sb;be strict with one’s pupils;be strict in workWe think of him (her) as …praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth.. give advice on …; question sb on …be satisfied with …correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day;give sb a lot of work;make one’s lessons lively and interesting;teach sb. sth.;teach sb to do sth.devote all one’s time to work;admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。
3、课余活动及周末生活spend one’s time in many different ways;enjoy doing things by oneself;go for an outing;see the sights of Beijing;play the piano (violin);play chess (basketball); have a swim; have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;get everything ready for;ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park); There are a lot of activities at (the beach).We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.It was a very relaxing Sunday. There are good programmes on TV on weekends.4、彼此沟通信息take a message for sb;send a message to sb;hear from sb; talk about/of sth; express one’s idea (feelings) in English;Write sb a letter saying…; apologize to sb for …;thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;take sb’s side5、事件中人的态度prevent sb. from doingcall on sb to do; be afraid to dofeel like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;think highly of sb;force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;regret doing;prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;would rather (not) do.6、事情过程have the habit of doing…;have no trouble doing;make up one’s mind to do;prepare sb for …; give up doing…; do sth as usual;do what he wants us to do; set about doing;try one’s best to do…get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China;find a way to do;make friends with sb;pass the time doing;feel a little excited about doing…; can’t help doing…;do some good deeds to people;be prepared for more hard work; Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.7、感观活动与思维活动look around for …; look up (down) at …;catch sight of …;take a look at …;hear sb do (doing); take notice of …; take view of …;have a good understanding of …; consider sb (sth) to be …;realize that …; know that +从句8、情感与欲望be pleas ed with …;be delighted in doing…;take a pleasure in doing;be worried about;feel surprised at …be sorry for …;be angry with sb for sth;be angry about …(为某事生气);look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do;long for (long to do);have a strong desire to do …;9、健康状况及治疗be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;have got a pain in …; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);It’s noth ing serious. stay in bed until…save one’s life10、其它It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that …;be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;miss the lecture (train); change…into…;waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing;have no choice but to do; I can’t helpit. be in need of…;be mistaken about …; fall behind…; catch up with;on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.11、信件开头常用语You letter came to me this morning.I have received your letter of July the 20th.I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.Thank you for your letter.In reply to your letter about (theexhibition this year)…;Let me tell you that…12、信件结尾常用语Please remember me to your whole family.Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.Best wishes.With love.Wish you a pleasant journey. Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)Looking forward to your next visit to China.Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.13、阅路和应答Go down this streetTurn night/left at the first crossingIt’s about…metres from hereYou can’t miss itIn front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)Pass two blocks。