Changes of ECF Osmostic pressure↑ Volume ↓
hypothalamus
renin↑
thirsty ADH↑
angiotensinⅠ
drinking↑ keep water(urine↓) angiotensinⅡ
Osmostic pressure↓blood volume↑
休克---- 首要任务:补充血容量
胶体: 晶体 = 1 : 2~3
补钠的速度: 0.5~1mmol/L/h; 24小时内不超过 12 mmol/L
晕厥: 5%NaCl 100 ~ 250 ml
高渗性缺水(Na+>150mmol/l )
病因:水摄入过少或排除过多
– Sweat (NaCl 0.25%) – Burn – Diabetes
Hypertonic Dehydration
1 Excessive loss of H2O from ECF
2 ECF osmotic pressure rises
3 Cells lose H2O to ECF by
osmosis; cells
shrink
(a) Mechanism of dehydration
实验室检查:
血浓缩,RBC,血红蛋白↑↑↑ ;尿比重↑、血钠、 氯、血渗透压正常;
诊断
病史 临床表现 : above Table 实验室检查 – ↑RBC,WBC,PLT and plasma protein – ↑ HCT – 血Na+,Cl-正常 – 高比重尿
治疗
消除病因 液体种类
Isotonic sodium solution
低渗性缺水
1 Excessive H2O enters the ECF