北航英语翻硕真题答案、复试流程

全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研资料-考研考博一．北京航空航天大学外国语学院英语笔译考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分翻译硕士专业学位研究生（1）笔试：主要考察英汉两种语言的互译能力与写作能力，作文主要考察就某一特定主题阐述独立观点的能力，不允许使用任何形式的词典。

计150分，时间120分钟。

（2）面试：面试主要考察外语口语能力及相关专业知识结构，并根据所阅读的短文进行自由问答。

面试时间20分钟，计150分。

（3）复试总分为300分。

201430102015421020163515二．育明考研考博辅导中心武老师解析：关于北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语笔译2016年的招生信息武老师解析：1，北京航空航天大学2016年英语笔译复试分数线355比国家线稍高。

这几年北航的复试分数线一般比国家线高出一点，但是具体要根据学生的考试情况和招生人数决定。

但是17年考研的同学要先比较稳的话，必须初试好好准备，尽量考到360分左右。

来育明教育武老师会根据学生的情况合理规划。

2，北航英语笔译招生人数50人左右，推免生一般10-15人，和之前相比还是有扩招趋势的，希望大家好好备考。

16年进复试42人，复试刷掉7人，统招35人，分数线355分，最高分392，最低分355分。

3，北航虽然是理工科学校，但是专业还是不错的，就业也很好。

学费每年1.5万，设有一，二，三等奖学金，这些都是非常有利的因素，育明教育武老师希望大家根据正确的方向认真备考。

4，北航部分参考书是公布的，大家一定要看，从14年开始北航考试题型有些变化，取消了应用文写作，多了文言文赏析，具体的大家可以参考近几年真题。

北航翻硕考研复试分数线高不高本文系统介绍了北航翻译硕士考研难度,北航翻译硕士就业,北航翻译硕士考研辅导, 北航翻译硕士考研参考书, 北航翻译硕士专业课五大方面的问题, 凯程北航翻译硕士老师给大家详细讲解。

特别申明,以下信息绝对准确,凯程就是王牌的北航翻译硕士考研机构!北航翻译硕士复试分数线是多少?2015年北航翻译硕士复试分数线是 365分,政治是 60,外国语是 60,业务课 1业务课 2均为 115。

下面凯程老师给大家简单介绍一下复试内容。

(1笔试:主要考察英汉两种语言的互译能力与写作能力,作文主要考察就某一特定主题阐述独立观点的能力,不允许使用任何形式的词典。

计 150分,时间 120分钟。

(2面试:面试主要考察外语口语能力及相关专业知识结构,并根据所阅读的短文进行自由问答。

面试时间 15-20分钟,计 150分。

考研复试面试不用担心, 凯程老师有系统的专业课内容培训, 日常问题培训, 还要进行三次以上的模拟面试, 确保你能够在面试上游刃有余, 很多复试的问题都是我们在模拟面试准备过的。

下面凯程的老师为大家详细介绍一下关于北航翻译硕士考研的信息:一、北航翻译硕士考研的复习方法解读翻译硕士是要经过一点点平时积累, 积少成多才能取得成效的一个科目。

当然, 必要的学习方法、学习规划也是必不可少的。

凯程教育考研辅导老师们经过多年的辅导经验, 根据这一科目的特点为考生们制定了基础阶段复习的学习目标、学习任务、详细计划以及需要注意的问题。

严格来说所谓的基础阶段要划分为两种, 因为考生存在本专业考研以及跨专业考研, 因此为了考生能更明确自己的定位, 进行有目标的学习, 我们把基础阶段划分为零基础阶段以及基础阶段两个子阶段。

1、学习目标目标 1:了解基本的翻译流派和翻译理论目标 2:对翻译流派和翻译理论的相关知识进行深入和全面的总结,列出考点和重点, 同时练习翻译材料,了解翻译评分的要求,提高翻译技能。

全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研资料-考研考博一．北京航空航天大学外国语学院英语笔译考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分翻译硕士专业学位研究生（1）笔试：主要考察英汉两种语言的互译能力与写作能力，作文主要考察就某一特定主题阐述独立观点的能力，不允许使用任何形式的词典。

计150分，时间120分钟。

（2）面试：面试主要考察外语口语能力及相关专业知识结构，并根据所阅读的短文进行自由问答。

面试时间20分钟，计150分。

（3）复试总分为300分。

201430102015421020163515二．育明考研考博辅导中心武老师解析：关于北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语笔译2016年的招生信息武老师解析：1，北京航空航天大学2016年英语笔译复试分数线355比国家线稍高。

这几年北航的复试分数线一般比国家线高出一点，但是具体要根据学生的考试情况和招生人数决定。

但是17年考研的同学要先比较稳的话，必须初试好好准备，尽量考到360分左右。

来育明教育武老师会根据学生的情况合理规划。

2，北航英语笔译招生人数50人左右，推免生一般10-15人，和之前相比还是有扩招趋势的，希望大家好好备考。

16年进复试42人，复试刷掉7人，统招35人，分数线355分，最高分392，最低分355分。

3，北航虽然是理工科学校，但是专业还是不错的，就业也很好。

学费每年1.5万，设有一，二，三等奖学金，这些都是非常有利的因素，育明教育武老师希望大家根据正确的方向认真备考。

4，北航部分参考书是公布的，大家一定要看，从14年开始北航考试题型有些变化，取消了应用文写作，多了文言文赏析，具体的大家可以参考近几年真题。

北航翻硕真题及答案、题型介绍、录取人数百科真题33.下列人员中，可暂予监外执行的是（）。

A.马某被判拘役，其声称女儿正在读小学，需要其接送B.周某被判无期徒刑，在狱中多次自杀未遂，致使生活不能自理C.刘某被判有期徒刑 3 年，服刑过程中患有严重疾病需要保外就医D.韩某被判有期徒刑 5 年，其声称丈夫在外地工作，老母病重，儿子年幼，需要其照顾【解析】《刑事诉讼法》第二百一十四条规定，对于被判处有期徒刑或者拘役的罪犯，有下列情形之一的，可以暂予监外执行：①有严重疾病需要保外就医的；念怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女。

C 项符合“严重疾病需要保外就医”条件，可暂予监外执行。

34. 我国《保守国家秘密法》将国家秘密的密级分为（）。

A.二级 B•三级 C.四级 D.五级【解析】《保守国家秘密法》第十条规定，秘密的密级分为绝密、机密、秘密三级。

绝密级国家秘密是最重要的国家秘密，泄露会使国家安全和利益遭受特别严重的损害；机密级国家秘密是重要的国家秘密，泄露会使国家安全和利益遭受严重的损害；秘密级国家秘密是一般的国家秘密，泄露会使国家安全和利益遭受损害。

35.在我国，下列所得中，可以免纳个人所得税的是（）。

A.保险赔款B.利息股息红利所得C.偶然所得D.财产转让所得【解析】《个人所得税法》第四条规定，保险赔款所得’免纳个人所得税。

36. 根据我国相关法律的规定，（）的行政处罚只能由法律加以设定。

A.责令停产停业B.吊销企业营业执照C.限制人身自由D.没收非法财产【解析】《行政处罚法》第九条婉定，法律可以设定各种行政处罚。

限制人身自由的行政处罚，只能由法律设定。

37.按照我国有关仲裁的法律规定，属于双方当事人之间仲裁得以进行的必要条件是（）。

A.双方争议必须是经济纠纷B.双方当事人都同意进行仲裁C.由人民法院决定仲裁D.当事人一方到仲裁庭立案【解析】《仲裁法》第四条规定，当事人采用仲裁方式解决纠纷，应当双方自愿，达成仲裁协议。

全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研资料-考研考博一．北京航空航天大学外国语学院英语笔译考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分翻译硕士专业学位研究生（1）笔试：主要考察英汉两种语言的互译能力与写作能力，作文主要考察就某一特定主题阐述独立观点的能力，不允许使用任何形式的词典。

计150分，时间120分钟。

（2）面试：面试主要考察外语口语能力及相关专业知识结构，并根据所阅读的短文进行自由问答。

面试时间20分钟，计150分。

（3）复试总分为300分。

201430102015421020163515二．育明考研考博辅导中心武老师解析：关于北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语笔译2016年的招生信息武老师解析：1，北京航空航天大学2016年英语笔译复试分数线355比国家线稍高。

这几年北航的复试分数线一般比国家线高出一点，但是具体要根据学生的考试情况和招生人数决定。

但是17年考研的同学要先比较稳的话，必须初试好好准备，尽量考到360分左右。

来育明教育武老师会根据学生的情况合理规划。

2，北航英语笔译招生人数50人左右，推免生一般10-15人，和之前相比还是有扩招趋势的，希望大家好好备考。

16年进复试42人，复试刷掉7人，统招35人，分数线355分，最高分392，最低分355分。

3，北航虽然是理工科学校，但是专业还是不错的，就业也很好。

学费每年1.5万，设有一，二，三等奖学金，这些都是非常有利的因素，育明教育武老师希望大家根据正确的方向认真备考。

4，北航部分参考书是公布的，大家一定要看，从14年开始北航考试题型有些变化，取消了应用文写作，多了文言文赏析，具体的大家可以参考近几年真题。

北航考研复试班-北京航空航天大学英语笔译专硕考研复试经验分享北京航空航天大学（Beihang University）简称北航，是中华人民共和国工业和信息化部直属、中央直管副部级建制的全国重点大学，世界一流大学建设高校，211工程、985工程重点建设高校，入选珠峰计划、2011计划、111计划、卓越工程师教育培养计划、中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校、国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目、国家级新工科研究与实践项目、国家级大学生创新创业训练计划、国家大学生创新性实验计划、全国深化创新创业教育改革示范高校，为国际宇航联合会、中欧精英大学联盟、中国西班牙大学联盟、中俄工科大学联盟成员，是全国第一批16所重点高校之一、80年代恢复学位制度后全国第一批设立研究生院的22所高校之一，也是新中国第一所航空航天高等学府。

北京航空航天大学创建于1952年，时名北京航空学院，由当时的清华大学、北洋大学、厦门大学、四川大学等八所院校的航空系合并组建，1988年4月改名为北京航空航天大学，1989年成为国家八五期间全国14所重点建设的高校之一，首批进入“211工程”，2001年进入“985工程”，2017年入选国家“双一流”建设名单。

启道考研复试班根据历年辅导经验，编辑整理以下关于考研复试相关内容，希望能对广大复试学子有所帮助，提前预祝大家复试金榜题名！专业介绍此专业为专业硕士。

专业硕士和学术学位处于同一层次，培养方向各有侧重。

专业硕士主要面向经济社会产业部门专业需求，培养各行各业特定职业的专业人才，其目的重在知识、技术的应用能力。

(专业硕士)英语笔译是(专业硕士)翻译下的二级学科专业。

翻译硕士专业学位的英文名称为“Master of Translation and Interpreting”，英文缩写为MTI。

英语笔译专业设置旨在培养德、智、体全面发展，能适应全球经济一体化及提高我国国际竞争力的需要、具有较强的语言运用能力，熟练的翻译技能和宽广的知识面，适应国家经济、文化、社会建设需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案（三）北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案（三）北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文，并用中文简单解释(本题共15分，每一题1分)。

1. Abstract translation2. Adequacy3. Agent4. Appeal-focused texts5. Multi-media texts6. Naturalness7. Loan translation8. Coherence9. Commission10. Consecutive interpreting11. Domesticating translation12. Pre-editing13. Explieitation14. Poly-system theory15. Under-translation第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文，并用英文简单解释(本题共15分，每一题1分)。

1.借用2.可比语料库3. 文化置换4.自然语言5. 语法分析6.中间语言7. 隐形8. 显型翻译9. 术语库10. 视译11. 配字幕12. 文本类型学13.可接受性14. 冗余15. 赞助第三部分：英译汉(本题共60分，第一段30分，第二段30分)。

1. The stages of a writer 5s professional life are marked not by a name on an office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard tohand over an early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. But there5s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover! I，m just’not sure the moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader.Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one. Thafs why it survives. There are stili millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changes-well, what is a book，really? Is it its body, or its soul?Laughlin acknowledges that “a lot of responsible people”are worried about atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says，“the potential”to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governmentsh ave taken “significant，although ineffective，”steps to slow the warming. “Qn the scales of time relevant to itself, the earth doesn’t care about any of these governments or their legislation.”Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the resulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today’s. Then “over tens of millennia, or p erhaps hundreds”the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, “eventually returning levels in the sea and air to what they were before humans arrived on the scene.”This will take an eternity as human reckon, but a blink in geologic time.第四部分：汉译英(本题共60分，第一段30分，第二段30分)在这个社交网站盛行的时代，按理说我们每人都应该有数百位朋友。

北航复试流程
北航的复试流程主要包括以下几个步骤：
1. 确认复试名单及分组：北航会公示达到复试要求的考生名单，并按照专业进行分组。

2. 资格审查：考生需要在规定时间内将资格审查材料电子版发送至院校邮箱，并按时提交纸质版材料。

3. 缴纳复试费用：考生需要完成复试费用缴纳，费用标准为100元/人。

4. 开展复试：复试形式为面试，同时结合考生提交的现实表现材料对考生思想政治和道德品质进行考核，每人不少于20分钟。

具体流程包括考生陈述
个人情况（约5分钟）、回答提问（15-20分钟）、根据考生复试情况给出成绩等。

5. 确定录取名单：根据考生的总成绩（一般为初试成绩+复试成绩）进行排序，择优录取。

以上信息仅供参考，具体流程和要求请以北航官网或学院官网公布的最新信息为准。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
北京航空航天大学（回忆）
翻译硕士英语
一、三十个选择题
一少半时关于单词的还有几道语法题单词不难但是挺杂的建议大家平时专四专八的单词都看看。

二、阅读理解
一共四篇三篇选择一篇回答问题，问答那篇是关于石油的问石油是怎么形成的之类的，文章里都可以找到!那三篇选择有一个是关于一个作家的简介剩下两个记不清了，比较难都不过时间很充分需要仔细阅读。

三、作文
题目是professinal translation in21st century
英语翻译基础
一、翻译术语解释
三十个都在北航指定书目里只要肯背就行，大家可以去北航网站上找谭载喜主译的翻译研究字典还有他的英文版
二、翻译
四段翻译。

英译汉是一篇是关于美国教育改革的，另一篇是关于科技农业的汉译英很给力第一篇是关于“给力”这个词出现在人民日报上的反响另一篇是关于航空展览馆建立的新闻四篇翻译都有难度，汉译英相对简单点儿，尤其是科技农业那篇英译汉比较复杂。

汉语百科知识
一、选择
很杂关于成语，选句填空，经济，政治，之类的一共三十个这个具体的记不清了
二、小作文
写一封求职信，要求求职单位和姓名自拟，但格式必须完整
三、大作文
论读书写一篇议论文，多看看林语堂的东西差不多也就写的出来了。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析政治考研资料补充多选题维新派与守旧派的论战首先，要不要变法。

其次，要不要兴民权、设议院，实行君主立宪。

最后，要不要废八股、改科举和兴西学。

维新派与守旧派的这场论战，实质上是资产阶级思想与封建主义思想在中国的第一次正面交锋。

关于革命与改良的辩论：第一，要不要以革命手段推翻清王朝。

第二，要不要推翻帝制，实行共和。

第三，要不要社会革命。

分析题七：关于三次失败的革命运动的失败教训及中国共产党领导中国革命的成功1、戊戌维新运动失败的原因和教训及其意义（1）戊戌维新运动的失败，主要是由于维新派自身的局限和以慈禧太后为首的强大的守旧势力的反对。

具体为：①民族资产阶级力量弱小。

把希望寄托在一个没有实权的光绪皇帝身上。

②维新派的局限性。

a.不敢否定封建主义。

b.对帝国主义抱有幻想。

c.惧怕人民群众。

（2）戊戌维新的失败不但暴露了这个阶级的软弱性，而且再次暴露出清朝统治集团的腐朽与顽固，同时也说明在半殖民地半封建的旧中国，企图通过统治者走自上而下的改良实现国家的独立、民主、富强是根本行不通的。

（3）戊戌维新运动虽然失败了，但它在中国近代史上仍然有着重大的历史意义。

①戊戌维新运动是一次爱国救亡运动。

维新派的政治实践和思想理论，不仅贯穿着强烈的爱国主义精神，而且推动了中华民族的觉醒。

②戊戌维新运动是一场资产阶级性质的政治改革运动。

③戊戌维新运动更是一场思想启蒙运动。

2、辛亥革命失败的原因和教训及其意义（1）根本原因：辛亥革命的失败原因从根本上说，是因为在帝国主义时代，在半殖民地半封建的中国，资本主义的建国方案是行不通的。

主观原因：在于它的领导者资产阶级革命派本身存在着许多弱点和错误。

主要是：①没有提出彻底的反帝反封建的革命纲领。

②不能充分发动和依靠人民群众。

③不能建立坚强的革命政党，作为团结一切革命力量的强有力的核心。

（2）资产阶级革命派的这些弱点、错误，根源于中国民族资产阶级的软弱性和妥协性。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析二、人身权利与义务人身权利是指公民的人身不受非法侵犯的权利，包括生命健康权、人身自由权、人格尊严权、住宅安全权、通信自由权等具体权利。

人身权利是公民参加国家政治、经济与社会生活的基础，是公民权利的重要内容，一切组织和个人都负有不侵害他人人身权利的义务。

1.生命健康权利与义务生命权是指维持生命存在的权利。

拥有生命是人最基本、最原始的权利，享有生命权是人享有其他各项权利的前提，所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”。

生命权包括生命安全维护权、防止生命危害发生权、改变生命危险环境权等。

生命权是人的尊严的基础，具有神圣性与不可转让性，不可非法剥夺。

它既是个人必须珍视的权利，也是全社会必须尊重的权利，全社会要形成尊重生命权的观念和意识。

健康权是在公民享有生命权的前提下确保自身肉体健全和精神健全、不受任何伤害的权利。

对个人来说，拥有健康权也是行使其他权利的基础，没有健康其他的一切都无从谈起。

我国法律非常重视对公民生命权、健康权的保护，单位和个人侵害公民生命权、健康权的，根据违法犯罪行为情节的轻重，依法承担刑事责任、民事责任或行政责任。

2.人身自由权利与义务人身自由权利是指公民的人身自由不受非法搜查、拘禁、逮捕等行为侵犯的权利。

人身自由是人们一切行动和生活的前提条件。

人身自由，首先是指人的身体不受拘束，因而被视为“最小限度的自由”。

其次是指人的行动自由，如可以自由外出旅游、经商、打工、求学等。

最后是指人身自由不受非法限制和剥夺。

如，非经人民检察院批准或决定或者人民法院决定，并由公安机关执行，任何人不受逮捕；禁止非法拘禁他人、非法搜查他人的身体、非法搜查或者非法侵入他人的住宅；任何人非经人民法院依法判决，都不得被定罪判刑。

公民的人身自由权利必须依法行使，滥用人身自由权利，构成违法犯罪的，应当承担法律责任。

3.人格尊严权利与义务人格尊严权利是指与人身有密切联系的名誉、姓名、肖像等不容侵犯的权利。

2015年北京航空航天大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/30)Vocabulary第1题I hope you don´t think I´m______but I´ve had the electric fire on for most of the day.A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentric下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题Beene´s new novel proves he isn´t just a______in the pan.A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题The newly-built Science Building seems______enough to last a hundred years.A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantialD.steady上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to______a difference.A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题This kind of material can______heat and moisture.A.deletepelC.constrainD.repel上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题The river is already______its banks because of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with aA.parallel toB.level inC.flat onD.flush with上一题下一题(7/30)Vocabulary第7题The political future of the president is now hanging by a______.A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题Half the profits are______in a corporate account that can be drawn on only with stockholder consent.A.investedB.depositedC.storedD.saved上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ______if approached with enthusiasm.A.prizeB.rewardC.refundD.bonus上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题The speaker______us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.A.detouredB.offsetC.tantalizedhered上一题下一题(11/30)Vocabulary第11题Government loan have been the______of several shaky business companies.A.tornadoC.delinquencyD.momentum上一题下一题(12/30)Vocabulary第12题After a period of probation a______becomes a nun.A.sopranoB.hippieC.noviceD.monsieur上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题While she had the fever, she______for hours.A.ravedB.sniggeredC.titteredD.perforated上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题On August 18th the president announced a general______for political exiles.A.adoB.yogaC.quartetD.amnesty上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题The scents of the flowers was______to us by the breeze.A.interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted上一题下一题(16/30)Vocabulary第16题The plumb line is always perpendicular______the horizontal plane.A.withB.fromC.atD.to上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题If it doesn´t rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are______.A.to surviveB.to be survivedC.being survivedD.surviving上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题She refused to______the car key to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.A.hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题______seen by anyone, the thief escaped.A.Being notB.Not beingC.To beD.Be not上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题She keeps herself to herself. ______, she would be better married.A.To consider all thingsB.Considering all thingsC.All things consideredD.All things considering上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题The fossilized remains of a type of camel______a dog have been found in the Badlands of South Dakota.A.no more larger thanB.not larger thanC.no larger thanD.which no larger than上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题We are making good progress, but we must not______until we have achieved our objective.B.give upC.put upD.draw up上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题Alexander Graham Bell invented______telephone in 1876.A./B.aC.oneD.the上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, ______ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.A.and accelerated a phenomenonB.a phenomenon that acceleratedC.accelerating a phenomenon whichD.the acceleration of which phenomenon上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题______by the United States government´s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.A.To prepareB.As it preparedC.When preparationD.Prepared上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题As the train will not leave until one hour later, we______grab a bite at the snack bar.A.may wellB.just as wellC.might as wellD.as well上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______the atmosphere.A.as it isC.the same asD.and so is上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题Our civilization cannot be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题Their coach must______the team´s poor performance.A.answer forB.answer toC.answer backD.answer about上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题Jean Wagner´s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it______in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed上一题下一题(31~35/共18题)Reading ComprehensionThe term "Ice Age" may give a wrong impression. The epoch that geologists know as the Pleistocene and that spanned the 1.5 to 2. 0 million years prior to the current geologic epoch was not one long continuous glaciation, but a period of oscillating climate with ice advances punctuated by times of interglacial climate not very different from the climate experienced now. Ice sheets that derived from an ice cap centered on northern Scandinavia reached southward to Central Europe. And beyond the margins of the ice sheets, climatic oscillations affected most of the rest of the world; for example, in the deserts, periods of wetter conditions(pluvials)contrasted with drier, interpluvial periods. Although the time involved is so short, about 0. 04 percent of the total age of the Earth, the amount of attention devoted to the Pleistocene has been incredibly large, probably because of its immediacy, and because the epoch largely coincides with the appearance on Earth of humans and their immediate ancestors.There is no reliable way of dating much of the Ice Age. Geological dates are usually obtained by using the rates of decay of various radioactive elements found in minerals. Some of these rates are suitable for very old rocks but involve increasing errors when used for young rocks;others are suitable for very young rocks and errors increase rapidly in older rocks. Most of the Ice Age spans a period of time for which no element has an appropriate decay rate.Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events. For example, an early classification of Alpine glaciation suggested the existence there of four glaciations, named the Gunz, Mindel, Piss, and Wurm. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. Yet this succession was forced willy-nilly onto the glaciated parts of Northern Europe, where there are partial successions of true glacial ground moraines and interglacial deposits, with hopes of ultimately piecing them together to provide a complete Pleistocene succession. Eradication of the Alpine nomenclature is still proving a Herculean task.There is no conclusive evidence about the relative length, complexity, and temperatures of the various glacial and interglacial periods. We do not know whether we live in a postglacial period or an interglacial period. The chill truth seems to be that we are already past the optimum climate of postglacial time. Studies of certain fossil distributions and of the pollen of certain temperate plants suggest decreases of a degree or two in both summer and winter temperatures and, therefore, that we may be in the declining climatic phase leading to glaciation and extinction.第31题In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with______.A.searching for an accurate method of dating the Pleistocene epochB.discussing problems involved in providing an accurate picture of the Pleistocene epochC.declaring opposition to the use of the term "Ice Age" for the Pleistocene epochD.criticizing fanciful schemes about what happened in the Pleistocene epoch第32题The "wrong impression"(line 1.)to which the author refers is the idea that the______.A.climate of the Pleistocene epoch was not very different from the climate we are now experiencingB.climate of the Pleistocene epoch was composed of periods of violent stormsC.Pleistocene epoch consisted of very wet, cold periods mixed with very dry, hot periodsD.Pleistocene epoch comprised one period of continuous glaciation during which Northern Europe was covered with ice sheets第33题Which of the following does the passage imply about the "early classification of Alpine glaciation"?A.It should not have been applied as widely as it was.B.It represents the best possible scientific practice, given the tools available at the time.C.It was a valuable tool, in its time, for measuring the length of the four periods of glaciation.D.It could be useful, but only as a general guide to the events of the Pleistocene epoch.第34题The author refers to deserts primarily in order to______.A.support the view that we are probably living in a postglacial periodB.illustrate the idea that what happened in the deserts during the Ice Age had far-reaching effects even on the ice sheets of Central and Northern EuropeC.illustrate the idea that the effects of the Ice Age´s climatic variations extended beyond the areas of iceD.support the view that during the Ice Age sheets of ice covered some of the deserts of the world第35题The author would regard the idea that we are living in an interglacial period as______.A.unimportantB.unscientificC.self-evidentD.plausible上一题下一题(36~40/共18题)Reading ComprehensionInvestigators of monkeys´social behavior have always been struck by monkeys´aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys´social behavior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, any time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick´s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intra-group aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced to a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing groupas a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore see to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.第36题The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.A.advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey´s social behaviorparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeysC.explaining the reasons for researchers´ interest in monkeys´ social behaviorD.discussing the development of investigators´ theories about aggression among monkeys第37题Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys´ behavior?A.Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.B.Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.C.Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increases among monkeys in the wild.D.Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.第38题The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys´social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because______.A.aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeysB.successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey groupC.situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratoryD.most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses第39题It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to______.A.keep the monkeys from straying and joining other groupsB.prevent aggressive competition for incentives between that group and anotherC.prevent the domination of that group by anotherD.protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack第40题Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?A.A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.B.A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.C.Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.D.Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.上一题下一题(41~45/共18题)Reading ComprehensionIt is an unfortunate fact that most North Americans know little about American Indian culture and history. Scholars have studied such matters, but they have not succeeded in broadcasting their conclusions widely. Thus, it is still not widely known that American Indians have epics, that they performed plays long before Europeans arrived, and that they practiced politics and carried on trade.One way to gain a fuller appreciation of this rich culture is to examine American Indian poetry, for poetry is in all cultures the most central and articulate of the arts. It is especially important that we study American Indian poetry as this poetry can create a context that gives cohesive expression to the crafts, the artifacts, and the isolated facts that many Americans have managed to notice willy-nilly. Even a survey of American Indian poetry reveals a range of poetic thought and technique that defies easy generalization. Jarold Ramsey hazards a summary, however, which serves at least to give the uninitiated reader some sense of what American Indian poetry is like. Overall, he writes, it represents " an oral, formulaic, traditional, and anonymous art form," whose approach is to emphasize the "mythic and sacred" components of reality. It "flourished through public performances... by skilled recitalists whose audiences already knew the individual stories" and valued the performers for their "ability to exploit their material dramatically and to combine them[their stories]in longer cycles" rather than for their "plot invention. " Because this poetry belongs to highly ethnocentric tribal peoples, whose cultures " we still do not know much about," it " is likely to seem all the more terse, even cryptic.American Indian poetry has another feature that Ramsey ignores: it is always functional. Whether sung, chanted, or recited; whether performed ceremonially, as entertainment, or as part of a task such as curing a patient or grinding corn; or whether recited individually or by a group, it is always fully woven into the fabric of ordinary life.For complicated reasons, American Indian poetry has basically been ignored by non-Indian cultures. Kenneth Lincoln writes that failure to hear American Indian voices results " partly... from the tragedies of tribal dislocation, partly from mistranslation, partly from misconceptions about literature, partly from cultural indifference. " Brian Swann suggests an additional explanation; tribal poetry is oral, whereas Europeans arrived in the New World with a deeply ingrained belief in the primacy of the written word. As a result, European settlers found it hard to imagine that poetry could exist without written texts and thus that the American Indians had achieved something parallel to what Europeans called literature long before Europeans arrived. As a consequence, Europeans did not fully respond to the rich vitality of American Indian poetry.第41题According to the passage, American Indian cultures have produced all of the following forms of artistic expression EXCEPT______.A.craftsB.oral epicsC.songsD.written poems第42题According to Jarold Ramsey, American Indian poetry is an art form characterized by its______.A.unusual depictions of landscapesB.adaptability to public performanceC.universal accessibilityD.highly original plots第43题According to the passage, it would be unusual for American Indian poetry to be______.A.attributed to specific authorsB.sung by a group of performersC.chanted while workingD.sung during a sacred ceremony第44题It can be inferred from the passage that Brian Swann believes which of the following about the European settlers of America?A.They probably were more literate, on the average, than the general European population they left behind.B.They probably thought it necessary to understand American Indian politics before studying American Indian literature.C.They probably did not recognize evidence of an oral poetic tradition in the American Indian cultures they encountered.D.They probably could not appreciate American Indian poetry because it was composed in long narrative cycles.第45题Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?A.An observation is made and qualifications of it are provided.B.A phenomenon is noted and explanations for it are presented.C.A hypothesis is presented and arguments against it are cited.D.A prognosis is made and evidence supporting it is discussed.上一题下一题(46~48/共18题)Reading ComprehensionThere are two major systems of criminal procedure in the modern world-the adversarial and the inquisitorial. Both systems were historically preceded by the system of private vengeance in which the victim of a crime fashioned a remedy and administered it privately, either personally or through an agent.The modern adversarial system is only one historical step removed from the private vengeance system and still remains some of its characteristic feature. For example, even though the right to initiate legal action against a criminal has now been extended to all members of society(as represented by the office of the public prosecutor), and even though the police department has effectively assumed the pretrial investigative functions on behalf of the prosecution, the adversarial system still leaves the defendant to conduct his or her own pretrial investigation. The trial is viewed as a forensic duel between two adversaries, presided over by a judge who, at the start, has no knowledge of the investigative background of the case. In the final analysis the adversarial system of criminal procedure symbolizes and regularizes punitive combat.By contrast, the inquisitorial system begins historically where the adversarial system stopped its development. It is two historical steps removed from the system of private vengeance. From the standpoint of legal anthropology, then, it is historically superior to the adversarial system. Under the inquisitorial system, the public prosecutor has the duty to investigate not just on behalf of society but also on behalf of the defendant. Additionally, the public prosecutor has theduty to present the court not only evidence that would convict the defendant, but also evidence that could prove the defendant´s innocence. The system mandates that both parties permit full pretrial discovery of the evidence in their possession. Finally, an aspect of the system that makes the trial less like a duel between two adversarial parties is that the inquisitorial system mandates that the judge take an active part in the conduct of the trial, with a role that is both directive and protective.Fact-finding is at the heart of the inquisitorial system. This system operate on the philosophical premise that in a criminal action the crucial factor is the body of facts, not the legal rule(in contrast to the adversarial system), and the goal of the entire procedure is to attempt to recreate, in the mind of the court, the commission of the alleged crime.Because of the inquisitorial system´s thoroughness in conducting its pretrial investigation, it can be concluded that, if given the choice, a defendant who is innocent would prefer to be tried under the inquisitorial system, whereas a defendant who is guilty would prefer to be tried under the adversarial system.Questions:第46题According to the passage, what is the central distinction between the system of private vengeance and the two modern criminal procedure systems?(3 points)_____第47题What are characteristics of the inquisitorial system? Please make a brief summary.(4 points)____ 第48题What´s the author´s attitude towards the inquisitorial system?(3 points)____上一题下一题(1/1)Writing第49题Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic____On Self-Confidence上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1/30)Vocabulary第1题I hope you don´t think I´m______but I´ve had the electric fire on for most of the day.A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentric参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：句意：我几乎一整天都开着电热炉，希望你不会觉得我很浪费。

北航英语学硕真题答案解析随着全球化的进程，英语作为一门国际通用语言变得越来越重要。

越来越多的人希望通过考取英语学硕的方式提高自己的英语水平。

本文将对北航英语学硕的真题答案进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。

首先，我们先来看一道阅读理解题的解析。

以下是一道真题："In English grammar, there are eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each part plays a key role in constructing grammatically correct sentences. Nouns are words used to identify people, places, things, or concepts.Pronouns are used to replace nouns in order to avoid repetition. Verbs express actions, conditions, or states of being. Adjectives describe or modify nouns or pronouns. Adverbs describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses. Interjections express strong emotions or surprise."问题：What does the preposition do in English grammar?A. It connects words, phrases, or clauses.B. It describes or modifies nouns or pronouns.C. It expresses strong emotions or surprise.D. It shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.答案解析：根据题目问preposition在英语语法中的作用，我们可以从原文中找到对应的解释"Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence."，因此答案选D，即它显示名词或代词与句子中另一个词的关系。

翻译硕士考研指导2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士—备考经验已经四月了，论文初稿也写完了，终于开始写这篇经验贴，总是有人问我经验，想了很久了，还是写出来回馈大家吧。

三月21号考完专八，马不停蹄就跑到北京复试。

25号出了拟录取名单，终于被录，心里的激动真是无法形容，这么久的努力有了结果，感恩。

好了言归正传吧，首先给大家说一下我自己的情况。

我是本科师范类学校英语专业，也是一本，不过学校只能算是二流，但这根本不影响，只要自己的水平可以就行。

专四考了77，其他证（catti）也没考过，但基础还算可以。

高中学的是文科，这个我觉得蛮有帮助的，下面我会说。

初试390+，排名第三，复试后总分第八，也算满意了。

先从初试的准备开始吧。

选学校应该在准备考研之初大家都是很头疼的，所以我听了之前商务翻译老师的经验，先买了几个学校的题试了试，从南大，厦大，最后决定北航。

综合看北航的题不是特别难的，而且今年又扩招了，本来14年9月看招生大纲上招32人但复试之前说招46个了，招的还是挺多的。

所以学校一定要选择自己喜欢又适合的，才能激励考研的斗志啊~1.政治（100分）政治的准备我觉得今年真是很坑，背的题都没考到点上，硬是生往卷子上靠的编了很多。

不过过线了就行，不要太纠结。

我是七月底暑假的时候回学校上了一个星期政治班，就是串讲，感觉没什么用，因为当时大纲也没有出，老师只是按着往年的大纲预测一下，串一下知识点，没记住什么，也可能是我学的不认真。

总之就是政治班报不报无所谓，也就是图个自己安心。

之后九月开始就正式转战自习室了，每天都会看看政治，不过不要花太多时间。

然后就是十月十一月开始背一背风中劲草之类的，做一做押题还有真题，找一找感觉。

政治我就不多说了，毕竟我也考得不高，63分刚过线。

大家可以看看其他大神的经验总结。

2.翻译硕士英语（100分）除了政治，北航mti的三门专业课都是自主命题的。

翻译硕士英语这门不算难，卷子包括三部分，单选，阅读，作文。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试北京航空航天大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A ______ examination is one which is in preparation for something.（分数：1.00）A.predominantB.prematureC.preferableD.preliminary2.Nazism and Fascism were ______ to be thrown into the dump of history.（分数：1.00）A.depositedB.doomedC.damnedD.deserved3.Every month ￥ 3 is ______ from our salary for house repairing payment.（分数：1.00）A.excludedB.expelledpelledD.docked4.The mayor was asked to ______ his speech in order to allow his audience to raise questions.（分数：1.00）A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge5.Although most dreams apparently happen ______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously6.Your story about the frog turning into a prince is ______ nonsense.（分数：1.00）A.shearB.sheerC.shieldD.sheet7.It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial ______ will be conducted by computer.（分数：1.00）A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactionsD.transformations8.The ______ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（分数：1.00）A.implementationB.expeditionC.demonstrationD.manifestation9.All visitors are requested to ______ with the regulations.（分数：1.00）plyB.agreeC.assistD.consent10.The captain ______ the horizon for approaching ships.（分数：1.00）A.scannedB.scrutinizedC.exploredD.swept11.The vast majority of people in any given culture will ______ to the established standards of that culture.（分数：1.00）A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.confirm12.If you want this pain-killer, you"ll have to ask the doctor for a ______.（分数：1.00）A.receiptB.recipeC.subscriptionD.prescription13.His body temperature has been ______ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.（分数：1.00）A.uncommonB.disorderedC.abnormalD.extraordinary14.Movie directors use music to ______ the action on the screen.（分数：1.00）A.contaminateplimentC.contemplateplement15.Some children display an ______ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.（分数：1.00）A.incredibleB.infectiousC.incompatibleD.inaccessible16.If you ______ the bottle and cigarettes, you"ll be much healthier.（分数：1.00）A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off17.Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by "drugs" that aren"t really drugs at all ______ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.（分数：1.00）A.or ratherB.rather thanC.but ratherD.other than18.David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.（分数：1.00）A.go back onB.go in forC.go through withD.go along with19.Jack was about to announce our plan but I ______.（分数：1.00）A.cut him shortB.turned him outC.gave him upD.put him through20.Fewer and fewer of today"s workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the same company.（分数：1.00）A.all elseB.much worseC.let aloneD.less likely21.A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ______ new operating procedures.（分数：1.00）A.result inB.match withC.subject toD.proceed with22.Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ______ how great their achievements are.（分数：1.00）A.in spite ofB.in ways ofC.in favor ofD.in terms of23.It is only when you nearly lose someone ______ fully conscious of how much you value him.（分数：1.00）A.do you becomeB.then you becomeC.that you becomeD.have you become24.It"s no good ______ him. He is always indifferent towards others" matters.（分数：1.00）A.to turn toB.turning toC.turn toD.turned to25.______ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.（分数：1.00）A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain26.Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but ______ if you had spent less time in playing football?（分数：1.00）A.wouldn"t they have been betterB.wouldn"t they be betterC.won"t they have been betterD.won"t they be better27.Why was the suggestion that she ______ to our party rejected the day before yesterday?（分数：1.00）A.be invitedB.to be invitedC.being invitedD.has been invited28.______ the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.（分数：1.00）A.He had no sooner openedB.Hardly had he openedC.Scarcely did he openedD.No sooner did he open29.______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.（分数：1.00）A.If walkingB.WalkingC.While walkingD.When one is walking30.We will visit Huangshan next year ______ we have enough money.（分数：1.00）A.lestB.untilC.unlessD.provided二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：30.00)At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, and they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without. In addition many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.There were, however, arguments against this method as a way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiographies as being "of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory," while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator"s own emotional tone to be reliable.Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories.Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?（分数：2.00）A.A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herselfB.A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock"s valueC.A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliarD.A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert(2).According to the passage, collecting life stories can be a useful methodology because ______.（分数：2.00）A.life stories provide deeper insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academies who are not members of that cultureB.life stores can be collected easily and they are not subject to invalid interpretationsC.ethnologists have a limited number of research methods from which to chooseD.the collection of life stories does not require a culturally knowledgeable investigator(3).Information in the passage suggests that which of the following may be a possible way to eliminate bias in the editing of life stories?（分数：2.00）A.Basing all inferences made about the culture on an ethnological theoryB.Eliminating all of the emotion-laden information reported by the informantC.Translating the informant"s words into the researcher"s languageD.Reporting all of the information that the informant provides regardless of the investigator"s personal opinion about its intrinsic value(4).The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to ______.（分数：2.00）A.question an explanationB.correct a misconceptionC.critique a methodologyD.clarify an ambiguity(5).The passage mentions which of the following as a factor that can affect the accuracy of ethnologists" transcriptions of life stories?（分数：2.00）A.The informants" social standing within the cultureB.The inclusiveness of the theory that provided the basis for the researchC.The length of time the researchers spent in the culture under studyD.The number of life stories collected by the researchersRadiation occurs from three natural sources: radioactive material in the environment, such as in soil, rock, or building materials; cosmic rays; and substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in bone and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average American.The largest single source of man-made radiation is medical X rays, yet most scientists agree that hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons test fallout, since strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire lifetime. The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial. The last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation, beginning with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which reported in 1958 that "even the smallest amounts of radiation are likely to cause deleterious genetic and perhaps also somatic effects."A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of childhood cancer in cases where the mother had been given prenatal pelvic X rays. These studies have pointed to the need to reexamine the assumption that exposureto low-linear energy transfer presents only a minor risk.Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant that produces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow, and lymphatic system than would have been expected in a normal population. While the National Academy of Sciences committee attributes this difference to chemical or other environmental causes rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation exposure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of 1 percent in the number of serious genetic defects at birth, a possible increase of 1,000 disorders per million births. In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, inconsistent, and characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate report concluded that coordination of regulation among involved departments and agencies was not possible because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. One federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop a coordinated federal program has resigned.（分数：10.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.（分数：2.00）A.explain the difference between natural and man-made radiationB.arouse concern about the risks connected with exposure to radiationC.publicize the results of British medical surveyD.advocate limiting the use of atomic weapons testing, since the fallout is extremely hazardous(2).Which of the following, according to the passage, is a list of three natural sources of radiation?（分数：2.00）A.Radioactive potassium in bone, strontium 90, uranium oreB.Carbon 14 in tissues, cosmic rays, X raysC.Cosmic rays, radioactive potassium in bones, radioactive carbon in tissuesD.X rays, carbon 14, plutonium(3).Which of the following does the author cite in support of the quotation from the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation?I. Strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body and deliver radiation for an entire lifetime.II. An abnormally high percentage of patients with arthritis of the spine who were treated with X rays subsequently contracted cancer.III. A high incidence of cancer appeared among children of mothers who had been given prenatal pelvic X rays.（分数：2.00）A.I onlyB.I, II, and IIIC.I and II onlyD.II and III only(4).According to the passage, some scientists believe that a dose of one rem of radiation continued over a period of generations would ______.（分数：2.00）A.raise the strontium 90 levels in the body but otherwise have little effectB.relieve the acute suffering of those afflicted with arthritis of the spine without side effectsC.have the effect of increasing by 1 percent the cases of serious genetic defectsD.cause an additional 1,000 per million cases of cancer of the bone marrow or lymphatic system(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage that the chairperson who resigned from the panel to develop a coordinated federal program for radiation regulation most likely did so because（分数：2.00）A.he or she disagreed with the findings of the Senate committeeB.regulatory efforts have been balked by disputes, confusion, and bureaucratic delaysC.he or she supported the position of the National Academy of Sciences committee and opposed regulation of radiation exposureD.he or she was disorganized and inconsistent in chairing the panelThe age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy , in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.Keasey"s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty,self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor"s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann"s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won"t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad." Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?（分数：2.00）A.An outline for future researchB.An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood termsC.A confirmation of an established authority"s theoryD.A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry(2).According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the following points?（分数：2.00）A.The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commitB.The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harmC.The intentions children have in perpetrating harmD.The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts(3).It can be inferred that the underlined term "public duty" in the context of the passage means which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.The necessity to apprehend perpetratorsB.A justification for punishing transgressionsC.An obligation to prevent harm to anotherD.The assignment of punishment for harmful action(4).According to the passage, Keasey"s findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?（分数：2.00）A.They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgmentsB.They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomyC.They do not understand the concept of public dutyD.They make arbitrary moral judgments(5).According to the passage, the research of Nesdale and Rule suggests which of the following about five-year-old children?（分数：2.00）A.Their reactions to intentional and accidental harm determine the severity of the punishments they assignB.They, as perpetrators of harmful acts, disregard the feelings of the children they harmC.They take into account the motivations of actions when judging the behavior of other childrenD.They justify any action that protects them from harm四、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)rDNA TechnologyAfter thirty years of investigation into cell genetics, researchers made startling discoveries in the 1960s and early 1970s which culminated in the development of processes, collectively known as recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) technology, for the active manipulation of a cell"s genetic code. The technology has created excitement and controversy because it involves altering DNA—which contains the building blocks of the genetic code.Using rDNA technology, scientists can transfer a portion of the DNA from one organism to a single living cell of another. The scientist chemically "snips" the DNA chain of the host cell at a predetermined point and attaches another piece of DNA from a donor cell at that place, creating a completely new organism.Proponents of rDNA research and development claim that it will allow scientists to find cures for disease and to better understand how genetic information controls an organism"s development. They also see many other potentially practical benefits, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Some corporations employing the new technology even claim that by the end of the century all major diseases will be treated with drugs derived from microorganisms created through rDNA technology. Pharmaceutical products already developed, but not yet marketed, indicate that these predictions may be realized.Proponents also cite nonmedical applications for this technology. Energy production and waste disposal may benefit: genetically altered organisms could convert sewage and other organic material into methane fuel. Agriculture might also take advantage of rDNA technology to produce new varieties of crops that resist foul weather, pests, and the effects of poor soil.A major concern of the critics of rDNA research is that genetically altered microorganisms might escape from the laboratory. Because these microorganisms are laboratory creations that, in all probability, do not occur in nature, their interaction with the natural world cannot be predicted with certainty. It is possible that they could cause previously unknown, perhaps incurable diseases. The effect of genetically altered microorganisms on the world"s microbiological predator-prey relationships is another potentially serious problem pointed out by the opponents of rDNA research. Introducing a new species may disrupt or even destroy the existing ecosystem. The collapse of interdependent relationships among species, extrapolated to its extreme, could eventually result in the destruction of humanity.Opponents of rDNA technology also cite ethical problems with it. For example, it gives scientiststhe power to instantly cross evolutionary and species boundaries that nature took millennia to establish. The implications of such power would become particularly profound if genetic engineers were to tinker with human genes, a practice that would bring US one step closer to Aldous Huxley"s grim vision in Brave New World of a totalitarian society that engineers human beings to fulfill specific roles．Questions：（分数：10.00）(1).What is the author primarily concerned with doing in the passage?（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).According to the passage, what are the potential benefits of rDNA technology? Please sum up briefly.（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).What are the major arguments of opponents of rDNA research and development? Please make a brief summary.（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).In the last sentence of the passage. the author makes reference to "a totalitarian society that engineers human beings to fulfill specific roles". What is his purpose by doing that?（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、Part Ⅲ Writing(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.Directions:Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topicWhat Qualifies a Good Translator?（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。