高中常见的熟词生义(高考必备)
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高中常见的熟词生义(高考必备)
-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN 英语《考试说明》附录中部分熟词生义词学习一览表
序号 单 词 熟 义 生 义 学 习 要 点
1 across 横过; 越过 1、到、在对面
（adv/prep） He lives across the street.他住在街对面。
the house across the street 街道对面的房子
2、宽（adv）
The river is 50 metres across. 河宽50米。
The tree measures 50 cm across.
2 add 增加，加起来 接着说,
补充说 I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。
3 address 地址；住址(n)
1、演说; 正式讲演 an address of welcome欢迎词
2、对...讲演或发表演说(vt) address a meeting向大会发表演说
address the whole nation 向全国发表演说
addressed me in low tones.低声与我交谈
3、称呼；用特殊的头衔称呼 How shall I address you? 我应当怎样称呼您呢 Don't address me as
‘boss’. 不要叫我“老板”。
4、写姓名地址(vt)
address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址
The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq. 信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。
4 admit 承认 1、准许进入
This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
be admitted to /into Beijing University
被北京大学录取
2、接[容]纳；容许 The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation. 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
5 afford 担负得起费用 抽得出(时间) He can't afford an hour for lunch.他抽不出一小时吃午饭I can't afford
three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。
6
against 反对, 逆着, 倚靠着, 1、 与…成对照
against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照; The picture looks better
against the light wall. 这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。
2、防备；防御
against the cold 防冷against a rainy day 防备雨天We are all taking
medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。be prepared against
war and natural disasters备战备荒
7 air 空气,天空 1、 发表(意见等) air one's views发表意见
使通风, 使通气 She aired the room by opening the window. 她打开窗子使房间通风。
8 allow 允许，准许 给予；使得到
allowed him ￡1000 for expenses
给他每年1000 英镑的开销
容许(of)
allow of no excuse不容辩解The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。
体谅; 考虑到;顾及(for) We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。
酌留；预计
allow 10% for inflation 允许10%的通货膨胀
allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁 9 alone 单独地, 独自地 [用在名词或代词之后]只有, 唯有, 仅仅 Smith alone knew what happened. 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。
The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。
10 attend 出席，参加 侍侯，照应,与on/
upon 连用) attend the very sick patients 照应重病人
attend on / upon a very sick man
处理、料理（与to
连用） attend to the problem
11 beat 连续击打, 揍 击败,战胜（用于比赛中） beat sb at the table tennis match
规律性地拍击 to beat a drum 击鼓The heart beats. 心脏跳动。My pulse beats
normally.我脉搏正常。
搅拌 to beat eggs 打鸡蛋
1、 鼓(翼) The bird beat its wings. 鸟扑打翅膀。
12 beyond 超出、超过
[表示范围, 限度] 1、 除…以外
[常用于否定句和疑问句] asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.除平安和平静外一无所求
晚于、迟于..., 到...以后 Don't stay there beyond midnight.
不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
在[向]...的那边, 在...之外 The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。
Just beyond the fence.就在篱笆那边
13 block （大）块；（大）片；街区 1、 阻塞; 堵住,阻挡（vt） The police have blocked the road. 警察已经封锁了道路。block out
light阻挡光线
trees that block the view
2、 障碍物；阻塞(n) a block in the pipes 管道阻塞
to put up a road block 设置路障
14 book 书 预定 You'll have to book up early. 你要早一点订座。 The secretary has
booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.
秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。
15 build 建造, 建筑 体格；体型 We’re of the same build.我们体型相同
a man of strong build体格健壮的人
16 business 商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意, 商店,商行
He has a business in the town. 他在城里有一家商店。run / operate/
manage a business
营业 in business; on business
职责；本分
It's a teacher's business to make children learn.
使学生学习是老师的责任。
事情, 事物 Mind your own business.
It’s none of your business.
17 capital 首都, 首都的 1、 资本；资金；
资方; The Smith Company has a capital of ＄ 30.000.史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。
2、大写字母
大写的（字母） capital letters 大写字母
Write your name in capitals.
用大写字母写你的名字。
18 charge 收费，索价(vt)
费用(n)
主管，负责 1、 指控(v /n)
He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。（charge
sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth）
a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控 2、猛冲；攻击；向前冲
The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild
animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。
Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋
3、充电、装(满),
装料, charge a gun with powder
用火药填满炮
19 coin 硬币 1、造币；铸币
The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces. 政府决定再铸造一些一元的硬币。coin gold.铸造金币
2、杜撰设计（新单词或短语） Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody. 不要生造谁也不懂的词语。
3、coin （adj.） 投币式的（操作需要一块或多块金属币的）；自助式的 a coin washing machine.
投币洗衣机
20 collect .收集 1、收（租， 税，
帐等）； 募（捐） collect the electricity fee收取电费。collect taxes.收税collect (raise)
money 募集资金
2、领取(信件等)；接走（人、物）
Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community.
今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。
3、使镇静；集中（思想等） The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited."老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。"Before you begin to make a speech,
you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。collect one's emotions.镇定情绪collect
oneself心平气和， 平心静气， 镇定一下
21 company 公司, 1、 陪伴、伴侣
He kept me company. 他陪伴我。in the company of在...陪同下I had
