生物医学工程专业英语及其翻译
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1 Unit 1 Biomedical Engineering Lesson 1
A History of Biomedical Engineering
In its broadest sense, biomedical engineering has been with us for centuries, perhaps even
thousands of years. In 2000, German archeologists uncover a 3,000-year-old mummy from Thebes
with a wooden prosthetic tied to its foot to serve as a big toe. Researchers said the wear on the
bottom surface suggests that it could be the oldest known limb prosthesis. Egyptians also used
hollow reeds to look and listen to the internal goings on of the human anatomy. In 1816, modesty
prevented French physician Rene Laennec from placing his ear next to a young woman’s bare
chest, so he rolled up a newspaper and listened through it, triggering the idea for his invention that
led to today’s ubiquitous stethoscope.
广义上来说,生物医学工程与我们已经几个世纪以来,甚至数千年。2000年,德国考古学家发现一个3000岁高龄的木乃伊从底比斯木制假肢与作为大脚趾的脚。研究人员说,穿底部外表上说明它可能是最古老的下肢义肢。埃及人也用空心的芦苇外观和听人类解剖学的内部行为。1816年,谦虚阻止法国医生雷奈克把他的耳朵旁边一个年轻女人的裸胸,所以他卷起报纸和听它,引发他的创造的想法,导致今天无处不在的听诊器。
No matter what the date, biomedical engineering has provided advances in medical technology
to improve human health. Biomedical engineering achievements range from early devices, such as
crutches, platform shoes, wooden teeth, and the ever-changing cache of instruments in a doctor’s
black bag, to more modern marvels, including pacemakers, the heart-lung machine, dialysis
machines, diagnostic equipment, imaging technologies of every kind, and artificial organs,
implants and advanced prosthetics. The National Academy of Engineering estimates that there are
currently about 32,000 bioengineers working in various areas of health technology.
无论什么日期,生物医学工程提供了先进的医疗技术来改善人类安康。生物医学工程成就范围从早期设备,如拐杖,松糕鞋,木制的牙齿,和不断变化的缓存工具在医生的黑包,更现代的奇迹,包括心脏起搏器、人工心肺机,透析机器,诊断设备,各种成像技术,和人造器官,移植和先进的假肢。美国国家工程学院的估计,目前大约有32000生物各领域工作的卫生技术。
As an academic endeavor, the roots of biomedical engineering reach back to early
developments in electrophysiology, which originated about 200 years ago. An early landmark in
electrophysiology occurred in 1848 when DuBois Reymond published the widely recognized
Ueber die tierische Elektrizitaet. Raymond’s contemporary, Hermann von Helmholtz, is credited
with applying engineering principles to a problem in physiology and dentifying the resistance of
muscle and nervous tissues to direct current.
作为一个学术努力,生物医学工程的根源及早期电生理学的开展,起源于约200年前。电生理学的早期具有里程碑意义的发生在1848年当杜布瓦Reymond发表了公认Ueber死tierische Elektrizitaet。赫尔曼·冯·雷蒙德•当代亥姆霍兹因应用工程原那么问题在生理学和dentifying电阻直流的肌肉和神经组织。
In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered that a cathode-ray tube could make a sheet
of paper coated with barium platinocyanide glow, even when the tube and the paper were in
separate rooms. Roentgen decided the tube must be emitting some kind of penetrating rays, which
he called “X〞 rays for unknown. This set off a flurry of research into the tissue-penetrating and
tissue-destroying properties of X-rays, a line of research that ultimately produced the modern
array of medical imaging technologies and virtually eliminated the need for exploratory surgery. 1895年,威廉伦琴偶尔发现,阴极射线管可以与氰亚铂酸盐钡一张纸涂布发光,即使管和纸是在单独的房间。伦琴决定管必须发出某种穿透光线,他称为“X〞光线不明。这引发了一系列tissue-penetrating和专治属性的研究x射线,一系列的研究,最终得出了现代医学影像技术和几乎消除了探究性手术的必要性。
Biomedical engineering’s unique mix of engineering, medicine and science emerged 2
alongside biophysics and medical physics early this century. At the outset, the three were virtually
indistinguishable and none had formal training programs.
生物医学工程的独特工程、医学和科学出现2与生物物理学和医学物理学在本世纪初。开场的时候,三人几乎无法区分,没有正式的培训方案。
Between World War I and World War II a number of laboratories undertook research in
biophysics and biomedical engineering. Only one offered formal training: the Oswalt Institute for
Physics in Medicine, established in
1921 in Frankfurt, Germany, forerunner of the Max Planck
Institute for Biophysics.
在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战的实验室进展了生物物理学和生物医学工程的研究。只有一个提供正式的培训:Oswalt物理医学研究所,成立于1921年在法兰克福,德国马克斯普朗克生物物理学的先驱。
The Institute’s founder, Friedrich Dessauer, pioneered research into the biological effects of
ionizing radiation. The Oswalt Institute and the University in Frankfurt soon established formal
ties that led to a Ph.D. program in biophysics by 1940. Research topics included the effects of
X-rays on tissues and the electrical properties of tissues. The staff
of 20 included university
lecturers, research fellows, assistants and technicians.
研究所的创始人,弗里德里希·德绍,率先研究电离辐射的生物效应。Oswalt研究所和大学在法兰克福很快建立了正式的关系,在1940年导致了生物物理学博士学位工程。研究主题包括x射线的影响在组织和组织的电特性。员工20包括大学老师、研究员、助理和技术人员。
Following the Second World War, administrative committees began forming around the
combined areas of engineering, medicine and biology. A biophysical society was formed in
