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英国首相布莱尔演讲稿——伊拉克战争醒世录时间：2003年7月17日地点：美国国会议长先生、副总统先生、尊敬的国会议员先生们，我为所受到的热情慷慨的欢迎深深感动。
坦诚而言，我受之有愧，而且有违常规。
首先,我要最诚挚地感谢你们投票授予我国会金质奖章。
但是你们像我一样，知道谁是真正的英雄:那些英勇服役的男女们，你们的和我们的。
他们在这次战争中奋斗并仍然处在危险境地。
我们给予他们的献词应当以此方式来概括: 向他们和他们的家人证实,他们的奋斗和牺牲不是无谓的。
他们的牺牲使后代可以生活在伟大的和平、繁荣和希望之中。
（掌声）让我也表达对布什总统的感激之情。
经过自911灾难时刻以来的我们世界的改变,我们成为盟邦和朋友。
谢谢您的带领,总统先生。
（热烈掌声）议长先生，先生们，我为获此奖而受宠若惊的心情稍有淡化，唯一原因，是被告知第一个国会金质奖章授予了乔治. 华盛顿。
如国会所言，表彰他的“机智英勇的运作”，从而把英国人赶出了波士顿(笑声、掌声)。
在我们到这里来的时候,议员富瑞斯特（FRIST）亲切地向我展示1814年战争的交火之地，英国人在那里火烧国会图书馆。
我知道道歉有点晚了，但仍要说：对不起。
(笑声,掌声，笑声)事实上，你们知道，我的二儿子曾经学习18世纪历史和美国独立战争史,他对我说，“你知道，诺斯勋爵（Lord North, 十八世纪下半叶中期英国首相，美国独立战争的对手。
由于美国独立而下台----译者注），爸爸，他就是那个让我们丢了美国的英国首相。
所以想想吧，无论你将犯多少错误，都不会比那个错误更糟糕。
”(笑声)恐怖主义威胁世界自由国会议员们，我对关于今日世界的使命有相当的紧迫感。
9 月11日不是一个孤立的事件，而是一个悲剧的序言。
在伊拉克的另一行动和许多未来的争斗将在悲剧结束之前, 呈现在这个舞台上。
历史从来没有像今天这样，美国的力量如此必要却如此被误解。
或者说, 在普通常识之外，历史的研究没有象今天这样为当前提供如此少的指引。
第7课海湾战争(时间：25分钟分值：50分)基础达标(36分)1．1990年8月，美国实施“沙漠盾牌”计划，组织多国部队进驻海湾，其直接刺激因素是()。
A．控制石油资源B．伊拉克侵略科威特C．萨达姆的专制D．维护世界和平解析本题考查美国出兵伊拉克的直接原因，其根本原因是对海湾地区石油资源的控制，为其出兵制造借口的是伊拉克侵略科威特。
答案 B2．以下不属于海湾战争中使用的新式武器的是()。
解析海湾战争是高科技战争，导弹等新式武器是主要的武器装备，坦克是常规武器。
答案 D3．在海湾战争中，多国部队实施了“沙漠风暴”和“沙漠军刀”行动。
关于上述行动的叙述正确的是()。
A．同时进行B．“沙漠风暴”行动侧重于地面攻击，“沙漠军刀”行动侧重于空中打击C．“沙漠风暴”行动侧重于空中打击，“沙漠军刀”行动侧重于地面攻击D．战争的第一阶段实施的是“沙漠军刀”行动，战争的第二阶段实施的是“沙漠风暴”行动解析海湾战争分两个阶段：第一阶段实施的是“沙漠风暴”行动，主要是大规模的空袭；第二阶段实施的是“沙漠军刀”行动，主要是地面攻势。
答案 C4．美国在海湾战争、伊拉克战争中使用的“战斧”式巡航导弹一枚就价值100 万美元，相当于一个普通美国人20年左右的收入。
这最能说明()。
A．美国的富有B．战争是一种巨大的消耗C．美国武器价格昂贵D．普通美国人收入低解析从材料中导弹的价值，特别是与美国人收入的比较可以看出战争的巨大消耗。
答案 B5．海湾战争中，美国积极参战的根本原因是()。
A．伊拉克的侵略行动威胁到世界和平B．科威特的积极要求C．美国在中东的利益受到侵犯D．联合国安理会的要求解析海湾地区的石油资源是西方国家的经济命脉，美国积极参战是为了确保它在海湾地区的利益和战略地位。
答案 C6．美国于2003年3月发动对伊拉克的战争，宣称美已经掌握萨达姆隐藏大规模杀伤性武器的证据，但最终也未发现。
美国发动战争的目的是()。
A．为了维护世界的和平B．为了伊拉克人民的安全C．实质是阻止其他国家发展核武器、奉行单边主义政策D．为了给全世界人民创造良好的国际环境解析美国历来奉行霸权主义、强权政治，对伊拉克发动的战争是未经联合国授权的情况下，给伊拉克人民生命和财产安全带来了严重的破坏，真实目的是为了防止其他国家发展核武器，奉行单边主义政策。
英国前首相布莱尔
就伊拉克战争道歉
英国《金融时报》乔治•帕克报道
英国前首相托尼•布莱尔(Tony Blair)就他在2003年伊拉克战争中扮演的角色作出了有保留的道歉，他承认，这造成了“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIS)的崛起，他还承认他未能充分理解铲除萨达姆•侯赛因(Saddam Hussein)之后会出现何种混乱局面。
这位前工党首相还承认，伊拉克战争基于错误的情报。
此番道歉被视为布莱尔自伊拉克战争以来做出的最全面的检讨。
他表示：“我还要对筹划过程中犯下的一些错误致歉，而且肯定要为我们对于推翻萨达姆政权后会发生什么的理解有误道歉。
”
在被美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)问及这场战争是否是伊斯兰激进组织ISIS崛起的“主要原因”时，布莱尔回答：“我认为，这么说是有一定道理的。
”“当然你不能说曾在2003年推翻萨达姆政权的我们对于2015年的形势没有任何责任。
”但他辩称，始于2011年的“阿拉伯之春”也对伊拉克造成了影响。
译者/梁艳裳。
Tony Blair:(In French)Mr President, IOC members, distinguished guests. I am sorry I can't be with you in person. My responsibility as host of the G8 summit, which starts today, means I must be back in the UK. It is the only reason I am not at your historic session. I was, however, honoured to meet many of you over the last few days, and delighted to renew old friendships.Last year I was privileged to attend the superb Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Athens. And proud to be one of 20,000 Britons, the largest group of overseas spectators.Athens inspired me - and taught me much about the Olympic Movement. Our goal is to witness its power in London.(in English)It is a unique honour to act as Host City. I also understand it is an honour which comes with a great responsibility - and which requires the highest levels of co-operation with the IOC.My promise to you is that we will be your very best partners. All of us who have made guarantees to you are ready to deliver on them now. On security. On finance. On every single undertaking we have given. If you award London the Games, I pledge to you personally we will continue to give the highest level of support to Seb Coe and Keith Mills as they lead the Organising Committee, backed up by our Olympic Minister Tessa Jowell.My entire Government - and the main Opposition parties too - are united behind this bid. It has total political support. It is the nation's bid. It has excited people throughout the country. More than three million have already volunteered their support. And that support goes beyond our shores too. We were honoured to receive the endorsement of the most inspiring statesman of our age: Nelson Mandela. He said this: `I can't think of a better place than London to hold an event that unites the world. London will inspire young people around the world and ensure that the Olympic Games remain the dream for future generations'.Those words remind us that as leaders, in government or sport, we have a duty to reach beyond our own time and borders. To have a vision which serves those who come after us.Our vision is to see millions more young people - in Britain and across the world - participating in sport, and improving their lives as a result of that participation.And London has the power to make that happen. It is a city with a voice that talks to young people. And, with more than 1,000 foreign media correspondents based here, it is a city with a voice that is heard all around the world.It is that unique combination of strengths which London offers - a global platform for the Olympic message to young people. Not just for the 17 days of the competition, but for the years leading up to the Games, and beyond.。
Kissing Booth难倒翻译官1998年10月的一天,上海梅陇镇广场的购物中心内灯火辉煌。
大厅里是英国文化委员会举办的一个高科技产品展览。
展览会场,乃至每层楼的走道都挤满了观众,听到访的英国首相布莱尔发表即席演讲。
气氛热烈,充满期待。
布莱尔和夫人一起登上临时讲台,开口就说:“我很高兴访问上海。
我很喜欢这个展览。
但我最喜欢的是这里的Kissing Booth。
”布莱尔就此收口,在场上千观众把目光投到了布莱尔身边的随同译员身上,等待翻译。
那个译员就是我。
而我的第一个念头就是“糟了”!我知道布莱尔夫人Cherry Blair结婚前叫Cherry Booth,Booth是她娘家的姓。
依此判断,布莱尔肯定是用了一个俏皮的双关语,一半指的是他夫人,但是另一半指的是什么呢?怎么可能在这样的场合开口就谈亲吻呢?是我听错了吧?“对不起,首相。
您刚才说的什么?”我问道。
“Kissing Booth。
”布莱尔回答。
看来我并没有听错,但是"Kissing Booth"是什么呢?汗顺着我的后脊梁“刷”地就下来了。
隐隐约约好像背后有好多人在嗡嗡地说着什么,可是我既听不清楚,也不好回过头去问。
若干种可能和方案在脑海中一闪而过,可是仍然没有答案。
布莱尔注意到我卡壳了,便转身问道:“你不知道什么是Kissing Booth?”我说:“对不起,首相,我不知道。
”“我做给你看。
”说到这里,布莱尔将夫人一把搂过去,在她的面颊上“吧”地亲了一口。
观众的哄堂大笑几乎掀翻了楼顶。
笑声过后,布莱尔继续演讲,我接着翻下文,借机跳过了"kissing Booth"。
回到伦敦后,我的一个朋友给我传真了一份英文报纸的文章,大字标题赫然写道"Kissing Booth Baffled Interpreter"。
文章在绘声绘色地描述了前面的场景之后解释到,展览会上有台配有数码相机的电脑,参观者可以在相机前作亲吻状,然后用电脑软件编出许多可笑的画面,很受欢迎。
英国首相布莱尔托尼·布莱尔，1953年5月6日出生于苏格兰爱丁堡，哈萨克斯坦总统经济顾问，欧洲宽容与和解理事会主席。
托尼·布莱尔毕业于牛津大学圣约翰学院，1997年5月出任英国政府首相，成为20世纪英国最年轻的首相。
那么，下面给大家介绍英国首相布莱尔。
国内关系布莱尔执政后，提出了关于经济、社会发展的“第三条道路”新理念，致力于公共服务改革，发展经济，促进社会公正。
在政治方面，他推动权力下放，理顺了中央和地方的关系，选举成立了苏格兰和威尔士地方议会;推动北爱尔兰冲突各方达成和平协议，成立北爱地方议会，组建北爱自治政府等。
在经济方面，布莱尔政府采取一系列措施，使英国经济保持持续稳定增长，失业率和通货膨胀率都处于较低水平。
在国际舞台上，布莱尔带领英国政府，积极参与国际事务，展开全方位外交。
他主张英国积极参与欧洲一体化进程，并在其中发挥主导作用;积极巩固与美国的特殊关系;重视改善欧盟与俄罗斯的关系。
国会关系布莱尔任内曾对下议院的议事程序作了不少改革。
他上任后的第一项改动就是将以往在每星期二和四，每次长15分钟的首相答问环节进行合并，变为每星期只在星期三举行，但时间则延长至30分钟。
布莱尔表示这样是为了让答问环节更具效率，但批评者却反驳他这样做只为方便准备问题答案。
除首相答问环节外，布莱尔又会在每月举行一次新闻发布会，让记者就不同问题作发问，而气氛也要比国会辩论融洽。
人物评价对布莱尔的批评主要集中于他与美国总统乔治·W·布什的关系，以及他对中东，包括伊拉克战争、20XX年以黎冲突和以巴冲突所采的政策。
此外他亦被批评以“政治化妆"的手法扭曲新闻，误导国民，布莱尔也是历史上首位遭警察问话的在任英国首相。
乔治·沃克·布什：美国在最近几个星期内对托尼·布莱有了更深的了解，美国方面了解了他是一个言而有信的人，他是一个勇敢的人，一个有远见的人。
Cherishing What You Have Now, and Striving for the Future珍惜现在，把握未来——英国前首相托尼·布莱尔Each new generation finds the world they enter. But they fasion the world they leave. So: what do you inherit and what do you pass on?The history of humankind is marked by great events but written by great people. People like you.Given Yale’s record of achievement, perhaps by you.So to you as individuals, what wisdom, if any, have I learnt?First, in fact, keep learning. Always to be alive to the possibilities of the next experience, of thinking, doing and being.When Buddha was asked, near the end of his life, to describe his secret, he answered bluntly: “I’m awake”.So be awake.Understand conventional wisdom, but be prepared to change it.Feel as well as analyze; use you instinct alongside your reason. Calculate too much and you will miscalculate.Be prepared to fail as well as to succeed, realist it is failure not success that defines character.I spent years trying to be a politician failing at every attempt and nearly gave up. I know you’re thinking: I should have.Sir Paul McCartney reminded me that the first record company the Beatles approached rejected them as a band no-one would want to listen to.Be good to people on your way up because you never know if you will meet them again on your way down.每一代寻找他们要进入的世界，然后又离开他们塑造的世界。
布莱尔的辞职演讲我回到了这里，塞奇菲尔德。
这是我的选区，我的政治生涯从这里开始，因此，它也应该是见证我政治生涯结束的地方。
我决定辞去工党主席职务。
工党将会挑选出新的领导者。
在6月27日，我将向女王陛下提交辞呈，辞去英国首相职务。
我在这个国家做了10年的首相，相比其他国家和英国历史上的情况而言，这个任期已经足够长的了。
有的时候，征服权力的唯一途径就是放开它。
做今天这个演讲不是一件容易的事情，它是对我执政生涯的一个判断，也是出自民众心中的判断。
我唯一能做的事情，就是在这里说明白过去10年自己所做的事情，以及动因。
我在二战结束后诞生，在社会革命风起云涌的六七十年代，我是一个充满激情的青年。
英国是一个伟大的国家，她拥有辉煌的历史和瑰丽的传统，然而她的前途并未有确定轮廓。
人们的一些想法和行为我不以为然，它们是属于20世纪的意识形态，而这个世界正在进入一个新千年。
当然，人们希望自己和家庭都过得好，同时，在一个个人资产成为国家最宝贵资产的年代，他们也意识到，获取发展和成功的机会应该是平等地摆在大家面前的，无分贵贱。
人们谦和有理，公正理性，没有种族和性别偏见。
他们为国家奉献，尽其义务。
他们意识到，把个人金钱投入公共事务并不是终点，他们更热衷于参与到组织和管理事务中来。
因此，1997年顺理成章地成为一个崭新的开始，它把过去的碎片一扫而空。
民众的期待空前高涨，以致于超出了我们的承受能力。
到2021年，其中的不如人意和负面之处已经非常明显了。
然而，回过头去，认真地回想，认真对比一下1997年5月和如今的2021年，你们自己的生活状况。
问一下，你们上一次需要排队一年才轮到医疗机会，是什么时候了?你们上一次听说福利金被冻结而难以安稳度过寒冬，是什么时候了?自1945年以来，只有一个政府做到了这些：更多的工作机会;更少的失业人员;更加完善的教育和医疗体制;较低的犯罪率;以及经济每季度的持续增长。
能做到这些的，就是我们。
然而我并不需要一个统计图表。
第三单元《近代西方资本主义政治制度的确立与发展》测试卷一、选择题(共25小题)1.马克思说：“(德意志帝国实质上是一个)以议会形式粉饰门面，混杂着封建残余，已经受到资产阶级影响、按官僚制度组织起来，并以警察保卫的、军事专制制度的国家。
”马克思的观点反映了德意志帝国政治制度的典型特点是()A．人民是实，君主是虚B．议会是实，司法是虚C．君主是虚，立宪是实D．君主是实，立宪是虚2.美国成功地避免了中央集权的弊端，又保持了地方的创造性。
主要原因是采取了（）A．总统制B．联邦制C．君主立宪制D．民主共和制3.漫画《人人有希望，个个没把握》风趣地反映出2008年美国总统竞选的激烈与紧张。
按照美国宪法的规定，总统最终由（）A．参议院选出B．众议院选出C．选举人选出D．参众两院联席会议选出4.“这是一部充满了设计者的理想和对未来寄予憧憬的宪法。
它所创设的一整套政治制度和原则……成为了世界上许多国家制定宪法的范例和模本。
”该宪法确立的政体是( )A．民主集中制B．君主立宪制C．民主共和制D．责任内阁制5.钱乘旦在《英国通史》中指出：“从英国改革的最终成果看，得益最大的是中等阶级……但从此后英国就坚定地走在改革的道路上了，它可以自信地面对未来，随时变革自己的制度……”材料中的“中等阶级”是指()A．中产阶级B．工业资产阶级C．工业无产阶级D．新贵族6.“这个新国家创造了一种新的国家制度，国家采用一套新的原则立国，即平等、自由、民主、法治、权力平衡，它否定王权，建立了共和国。
□□不仅解决了独立和统一的问题，而且使源于英国的民主和自由原则得到进一步的发展。
”18－19世纪时能填入上述方框的国家是（）A．德国B．英国C．法国D．美国7.这一部宪法是在冷漠中通过的：议员们既无热情，又无掌声。
在温和的君主立宪派眼里，这是他们无可奈何地接受的共和国；而在温和的共和派眼里，这是一个与其设想的宪政计划相去甚远的“妥协的共和国”。
英国首相布莱尔演讲（7）I want to talk today about a subject on which I've probably spent almost as much time as anything else since I became Prime Minister - the efforts to find a fair and lasting peace for Northern Ireland.I am also delighted that the Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern, who is sitting with me here in Downing Street, has agreed to join me on this week's webcast.It is, I suppose, a practical recognition of how closely our two Governments have worked together ever since the peace process started.Certainly I've worked more closely with the Taoiseach and spent far more time with him thanI have with any other Prime Minister as we try to play our part in delivering a peaceful andprosperous future for all the people of Northern Ireland.Of course, we are not there yet. But, on the second anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement, it's important to remember the real progress that has been made.It's progress which has made a real and practical difference in many different ways already to the lives of the people of Northern Ireland.Yes, there are still unacceptable acts ofviolence but the overall level of violence is as low as many people can remember.For the first time in 30 years, there are no regular soldiers stationed on the streets of BelfastThe city, largely freed of the threat of violence and terrorism, is as vibrant as any in Europe.There's a real sense of optimism about Northern Ireland's economic prospects.And there's been progress, too, on human rights and tackling inequality and discrimination.Not for the first time, of course, in this process we have real problems to overcome. But weshould not forget what the progress made means to the people of Northern Ireland.And it's why, when people say that the Good Friday Agreement is over, they have got it badly wrong.For it's only through the full implementation of the Agreement that we can deliver the peace that people want.No-one from the very beginning of this process has put forward a realistic alternative. Theagreement remains the only show in town.And there's something else that strikes you when you spend time speaking to people in Northern Ireland as I did earlier this week.An antidote, in a way, to the widespread cynicism about politics in so many parts of the world.Across Northern Ireland and in both communities, there was a real welcome for the Executive and the Assembly, a real joy, a real sense of achievement and ownership.It was not just pride or the fact that people in Northern Ireland have more control over their own lives.They saw it as a symbol of the better future they want for themselves and their families.It was, I can assure you, with the greatest reluctance that we took the decision to suspend the Assembly and the Executive.But I can also promise you that we want to restore these institutions and implement the restof the Good Friday Agreement as quickly as possible. And I believe it can be done.It won't be easy. It will need patience and courage.The central questions - on government, on decommissioning - are clear. We are working flatout to find the answers.And I believe there remains a real commitment to find a solution becausewe've come too far to fail.After my discussions in Northern Ireland earlier this week, I believe the lasting peace which is the overwhelming desire of the people of Northern Ireland remains within our grasp.I can promise that we will keep working to ensure this opportunity for peace and prosperity - the best for a generation - is not wasted.It is now my pleasure to ask the Taoiseach, the Irish Prime Minister to address you.TaoiseachThank you very much Prime Minister.It's my pleasure and honour to join with you in this week's Webcast and to say a few words on this the second anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement - the most important Agreement that has happened and a historic achievement in relations between Britain and Ireland since the Treaty 80 years ago.I believe that we, during that week of two years ago, got the balance right and the institutions were working extremely well, responding to the real needs of real people. All sides were beginning to reach out to each other.Tragically therefore the institutions are in suspension. Above all else, the Prime Ministerand myself and all of the Parties are determined to put them back in place at the earliest possible date. It's our highest priority to do that. We believe that the institutions areworking for Loyalists and Republicans, for Unionists and Nationalists and can make NorthernIreland prosperous.The economic prosperity in the North is beginning to grow. Peace is at its strongest ever.Violence thankfully has practically stopped in all its respects. And if we can continue to renew our collective commitment to the Good Friday Agreement we can restore the institutions and bring forward the implementation of all the Agreements and all its aspects.I agree fully with the Prime Minister that on issues of human rights, on equality, of theimplementation of many parts of the Agreement, that it's worked extraordinarily well.We are seeing peaceful cooperation between communities. We are seeing greater cooperationNorth and South and in the period that the north south bodies were operating, we saw the prosperity of the islands moving forward.And what is true of our excellent economic relations holds good for cooperation in sportsand politics, in culture and social life.I am proud of the quality of the relationships between Ireland and Britain that's been builtup by Tony Blair and I over the last two years. And I wanted to publicly acknowledge the role which everybody plays to do that and particularly what the British Government have done.I believe that strong Anglo-Irish relations are a great source to our country and I am determined to make them stronger in every way moving forward. The relations between Ireland and Britain on the economic front have never been better. And the level of economic inter-dependence between us has never been greater.And for all of these reasons, and the fact that our people are now again travelling across the sea - an enormous part of tourism and an enormous part of investment, last year 3.4 million people visited Ireland from Britain, this new relationship which we have built up together can be completed and we can see the Good Friday Agreement in all its respects in an inclusive way with all of the parties working together successfully implemented.I look forward on the other side of the Easter break to continuing this work with the British Prime Minister and thank him for the enormous amount of involvement and commitmentand dedication he's given to it over the last three years.。
