09年自考《外国文学作品选》复习资料

2009自学考试外国文学史课堂复习资料(二)
欢迎进入：自学考试网络课程免费试听更多信息请访问：21、惠特曼：19世纪美国杰出的诗人，他的创作具有鲜明的民主色彩和乐观精神，反映出
美国资本主义上升时期广大人民的情绪和愿望，他的诗歌以其民主的内容和
革新的形式对美国以至世界的诗坛产生了深刻的影响。

《草叶集》是惠特曼的诗歌总集，大致分为内战以前、内战时期和内战之后主题：通过一个普通美
国人的生活、情感和思想去表现他的国家和他的时代的一般人民。

“草叶”是最普通最富于生命力的东西，是普通人的象征，是发展中的美国的象征，是他
关于民主自由的理想和希望的象征。

22、左拉：19世纪后期法国着名作家，是法国自然主义文学的重要倡导者，他的优秀的作品往往突破了他的自然主义理论的框框，而具有鲜明的现实主
义特色。

《萌芽》是《卢贡——马尔卡家族》的第十三部小说，内容是描写煤矿工人为了反抗资本家的剥削而进行的斗争，反映了服楼矿场工人的罢工斗争，工人群众是作为一个集体形象加以描写的，如马赫一家，领导人艾蒂安，是19世纪反映工人运动最优秀的作品之一。

23、莫泊桑：19世纪后，法国杰出的批判现实主义作家，世界短篇小说巨匠《漂亮朋友》：主人公杜洛阿。

继承了巴尔扎克传统，开掘了一个在19世纪资本主义自由竞争条件下带普遍意义的主题：在物欲横流的现实中，青年
人如何成为不择手段、卑鄙无耻的野心家。

09年自考“外国文学作品选”问答总结（3）13、《变形记》的主题是揭示人的存在的荒诞、非理性，提示现代有人在一个异化环境中的异化及极度的焦虑和孤独感。

14、艾略特的代表作《荒原》、《阿尔莱德。

普鲁弗洛克的情歌》、《四个四重奏》、《大教学谋杀案》。

15、书中所选的是《荒原》的第一章“死者葬仪”。

《荒原》三则关于繁殖神的神话是：阿童尼斯神话、阿提斯神话、奥西利斯神话。

16、萨特，法国哲学家，其思想是存在主义的哲学思想。

代表作中篇小说《恶心》、短篇小说集《墙》、长篇小说《自由之路》、剧本《苍蝇》、《死无葬身之地》。

其《禁闭》是独幕剧。

17、加夫列尔。

加西亚。

马尔克斯，哥伦比亚作家，拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的代表。

作品《百年孤独》想了15年、《一件事先张扬的凶杀案》想了30年。

因《百》获诺贝尔文学奖。

十四、什么是罪？什么是罚？1、在此文中的罪，不是指有罪恶的念头之类的，而是指确实有杀人的行为。

作家以一种纯写实的手法来描写这个场面，效果格外*真、格外紧张。

2、关于罚，作家写了这样几个内容：A、逃避惩罚；主人公在杀人之后，用反侦察的知识和侦察员周旋，一次次度过难关。

最后竟案情突变，另有人自首，看来拉斯柯尼科夫完全可以逃脱罪责。

B、何为罚。

心灵深处的冲突思考，这种争论让他崩溃，此时罚已开始。

作家写他在法律上的成功和心灵上的熬煎，意在指明，罪的罚不在外部而在内部。

C、罚是救赎。

十五、分析《罪与罚》的艺术特点？1、首先表现在它的心理描写上。

篇幅长、分量重，并且独具特色。

展示细腻，甚至入微到潜意识中，深入到**、圆柱形、多重人格分裂的境地，令世人惊叹。

2、陀思妥耶夫斯基的小说都有很刺激的情节。

这包罗外部情节冲突，也包罗人物内存心灵的激烈冲突。

3、现实主义方法的深化和变异。

作家关注下层人物在现实生活中备受挤压的压抑的生命状态、集中关注罪人、白痴等高智商人物的心灵**、精神痛苦和多重人格的无理性状态，所以他的小说为后来的现代主义开了先河。

2009自学考试外国文学史课堂复习资料(一)
欢迎进入：自学考试网络课程免费试听更多信息请访问：1、希腊神话：太阳神——阿波罗酒神——狄奥尼索斯众神之王-宙斯。

2、荷马史诗：包括《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分，以短歌为基础，在公元前9世纪——公元前8世纪之间，最后形成了具有完整情节和统一风格的两部史诗，《伊利亚特》写了最后一年中51天内发生的故事，“阿喀琉斯的愤怒是我的主题”，是一部描写部落战争的英雄史诗。

《奥德赛》——木马计。

3、希腊戏剧：三大悲剧家：埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯、欧里庇得斯。

埃斯库罗斯——最杰出的是《被缚的普罗米修斯》，“悲剧之父”索福克勒斯——“戏剧艺术的荷马”，代表作《俄底普斯王》——“十全十美的悲剧”(亚里士多德)
4、但丁：“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”——恩格斯《新生》是西欧文学史上第一部向读者剖露作者最隐秘的思想感情的自传性作品《神曲》分为三部：《地狱》、《炼狱》、《天堂》维吉尔象征理性，贝阿特丽象征信仰。

全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1．In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to do the following EXCEPT ______.A．getting rid of those old feudalist ideasB. getting control of the parliament and governmentC．introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisieD．recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church2．The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______. A．SurreyB. WyattC．SidneyD．Shakespeare3．As the best of Shakespeare's final romances,______ is a typicalexample of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.A．The Tempest 暴风雨B. The Winter's Tale冬天的故事C．Cymbeline 辛白林D．The Rape of Lucrece 露易丝受辱记4．John Milton's greatest poetical work ______ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literarure since Beowulf. A．AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC．LycidasD．Samson Agonistes5．The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the following notions EXCEPT ______.A．self - esteem 自尊B. self – reliance自力更生C．self - restraint 自制D．hard work6．“Graveyard School”writers are the following sentimentalists EXCEPTA．James ThomsonB. William CollinsC．William CowperD．Thomas Jackson7．The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______.A．A Modest ProposalB. A Tale of a TubC．Gulliver's TravelsD．The Battle of the Books8．As a representative of the Enlightenment,______ was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.A．John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC．Alexander PopeD．Jonathan Swift9．For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel,______ has been regarded by some as “Father of the EnglishA．Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC．Jonathan SwiftD．Samuel Richardson10．Which of the following descriptions of Gothic Novels is NOT correct?A．It predominated in the early eighteenth century.B. It was one phase of the Romantic movement.C．Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural. D．Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho and Frankenstein are typical Gothic romance．11．“Byronic hero”is a figure of the following traits EXCEPT ______.A. being proudB. being of humble 卑微的originC. being rebelliousD．being mysterious12．Robert Browning created ______ by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters.A．the verse novelB. the blank verseC．the heroic coupletD．the dramatic poetry13．Charles Dickens' novel ______ is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the nineteenth- century London.A．The Pickwick PaperB. Oliver TwistC．David CopperfieldD．Nicholas Nickleby14．Charlotte Bronte's works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards ______, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.A．self - relianceB. self - realizationC．self - esteemD．self - consciousness15．The symbolic meaning of “Book”in Robert Browning's long poem The Ring and the Book is ______.A．the common senseB. the hard truthC．the comprehensive knowledgeD．the dead truth16．Thomas Hardy's pessimistic view of life predominated most of his later works and earns him a reputation as a ______ writer.A．realisticB. naturalisticC．romanticD．stylistic17．After the First World War, there appeared the following literary trends of modernism EXCEPT ______.A．expressionismB. surrealismC．stream of consciousnessD．black humour18．The masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century are thethree trilogies of ______.A．Galsworthy's Forsyte novelsB. Hardy' s Wessex novelsC．Greene's Catholic novelsD．Woolf's stream-of-consciousness novels19．In the mid - 1950s and early 1960s, there appeared “______”who demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest．against the outmoded social and political values in their society.A．The Beat GenerationB. The Lost GenerationC．The Angry Young MenD．Black Mountain Poets20.The following are English stream-of-consciousness novels EXCEPT ______.A. PilgrimageB. UlyssesC. Mrs.DallowayD．A Passage to Inida21．The leader of the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20thcentury was ______.A．W.B.YeatsB. Lady GregoryC．J.M.SyngeD．John Galworthy22．T.S.Eliot's most popular verse play is ______.A．Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC．The Family ReunionD．The Waste Land23．The American writer ______ was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist In-truder in the Dust in 1950.A．Ernest HemingwayB. Gertrude SteinC．William Faulkner D. T.S．Eliot24．Hemingway's second big success is ______ , which wrote the epitaph to a decade and to the whole generation in the 1920s, in order to tell us a story about the tragic love affair of a wounded American soldier with a British nurse.A．For Whom the Bell TollsB. A Farewell to ArmsC．The Sun Also RisesD．The Old Man and the Sea25．With the publication of ______ , Dreiser was launching himself upon a long career that would ultimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism. A．Sister CarrieB. The TitanC．The GeniusD．The Stoic26．Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th -century “stream -of-consciousness”novels and the founder of ______. A．neoclassicismB. psychological心理的realismC．psychoanalytical精神分析criticismD．surrealism27．In 1849, Herman Melville published ______ ,a semi-autobiographical novel, con- cerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．OmooB. MardiC．RedburnD．Typee28．As a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,______ marks the climax of Mark Twain's literary activity.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Life on the MississippiC．The Gilded AgeD．Roughing It29．Realism was a reaction against ______ or a move away from the bias towards romance and self- creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism.A．RomanticismB. RationalismC．Post-modernismD．Cynicism30．When World War II broke out,______ began working for the Italian government, engaged in some radio broadcasts of anti- Semitism and pro-Fascism.A．Ezra Pound B. T.S．EliotC．Henry James D．Robert Frost31．In 1915 ______ became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protest against America's failure to join England in the First World War. A．Henry James B. T.S.EliotC．W.D.Howells D．Ezra Pound32．What Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is “______ ,”that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A．blank verseB. free rhythmC．balanced structureD．free verse33．The American woman poet ______ wanted to live simply as a complete independent being, and so she did, as a spinster.A．Emily ShawB. Anna DickinsonC．Emily DickinsonD．Anne Bret34．The Birthmark drives home symbolically ______ point that evil is a man's birthmark, something he was born with.A．Whitman'sB. Melville'sC．Hawthorne'sD．Emerson's35．The Financier ,The Titan and The Stoic written by ______ are called his “Trilogy of Desire”.A．Henry JamesB. Theodore DreiserC．Mark TwainD．Herman Melville36．Disregarding grammar and punctuation,______ always used “i”instead of “I”in his poems to show his protest against self-importance. A．Wallace StevensB. Ezra PoundC．Robert FrostD．E.E.Cummings37．Though Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in ______ , he wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of man's life in his long poetic career.A．the westB. the southC．New EnglandD．Alaska38．Most critics have agreed that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of ______ with a double vision.A．the Gilded AgeB. the Rational AgeC．the Jazz AgeD．the Magic Age39．In the American Romantic writings,______ came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral law.A．fireB. waterC．treesD．wilderness40．The desire for an escape from society and a return to ______ became a permanent convention of the American literature.A．the family lifeB. natureC．the ancient timeD．fantasy of loveII．Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41．Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your blood?Questions:A．Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken. from percy shelley’s “men of England”B.What figure of speech is used in Line 2?metonymyC．Whom does “drones”refer to?Here “drones” refers to the parasitic class in human socity.42．The following quotation is from one of the poems by T．S．Eliot: No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;Am an attendant lord, one that will doTo swell a progress, start a scene or twoAdvise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,Deferential, glad to be of use,Politic, cautious, and meticulous,Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;Questions:A．Identify the title of the poem from which the quoted part is taken．The love song of J.Alfred PrufrockB.Who's the speaker of the quoted lines?J.Alfred PrufrockC．What does the first line show about the speaker?Prufrock is conscious of the fact that he is like hamlet in some respect. But he is sensible enough that he cant be compared with hamlet. 43．There was a child went forth every day,And the first object he look'd upon, that object he became,And that object became part of him for the day or a certain part of the day,Or for many years or stretching cycles of years.Questions:A．Identify the poet. Walt WhitmanB.From which poem and which collection of the poet are these lines taken?“ there was a child went forth” from “ leaves of grass”C.What does the poet describe in the poem?The poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him and improved himself accordingly. In the poem, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young, growing American.44．I heard a Fly buzz- when I died-The Stillness in the RoomWas like the Stillness in the Air-Between the Heaves of Storm-The Eyes around- had wrung them dry-And Breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset- when the KingBe witnessed - in the Room-Questions:A．Identify the poet. Emily DickinsonB.What does “the King” refer to?The god of deathC．What moment is the poem trying to describe?The poem is trying to describe the moment of death.III．Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45．List at least two leading neoclassicists in England．What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation?A. Alexander pope, John Dryden, Samuel JohndonB. they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literacy expression, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. Thus a polite, elegant, witty and intellectual art developed. 46．Jane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian Age．Why is Jane Eyre such a successful novel?A. it is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing socity.B. it is an intense moral fable.C. the success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.47．Who are the three dominant figures of the American Age of Realism and what are the differences in their understanding of the “truth”?A. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, Henry James.B. Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the“life”of the Ameicans. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived: Mark Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories; Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “ inner world” of man. 48．What's Dreiser' s naturalistic belief? Please discuss the question with Carrie, a character in Sister Carrie as an example.A. Dreiser believes that while men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct and chance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fate wordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for their existence.B. Carrie, as one of such, senses that she is merely a cipher in an uncaring world yet seeks to grasp the mysteries of life and thereby satisfies her desires for social status and material comfort, but in spite of her success, she is lonely and dissatisfied.IV．Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49．Briefly discuss William Shakespeare's artistic achievements in characterization, plot construction and language.A. shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they represent certain types; they are individuals representingcertain types. By employing a psychoanalytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters’inner world. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.B. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plot; instead, he borrows them from old plays or storybook, fron ancient Greek or Roman sources. In order to make the play more lively and compact, he would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several clues running through the play, thus providing the story with the suspense and apprehension.C. Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms, such as the sonnet, the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old words also creates striking effects on the readers.50．Briefly discuss Mark Twain's art of fiction in terms of the setting,the language, and the characters, etc.,based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.A. Mark Twain uses the Mississippi V ally as his fictional kingdom, Writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and is therefore known as a local colorist.B. he creates life-like characters, especially the conventional HuckleberryFinn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional morality.C. He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any previous literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.D. he has created a special humor to satirize social injustices and the decayed convention.。

09年自考《外国文学作品选》复习资料（3）6、拉斯蒂涅形象分析：一个来自外省的纯朴青年，经过巴黎社会的洗礼而成为野心家。

高老头之事在他的性格演变中起到了一锤定音的作用。

高老头之事、博塞昂夫人的出走、沃特兰的被捕（人生三课），一方面使他心灵受到极大的震撼，另一方面使他彻底认清了现实社会，终于“安葬了他青年人的最后一滴眼泪”，下决心和上流社会“拼一拼”，走上了政治野心家的道路。

7、艺术手法个性化的人物描写，用夸张的手法突出某种情欲，形成独特的个性善于塑造典型环境中的典型人物，从人物性格演变过程及其与客不雅社会环境关系，纵横交错地刻画人物。

十六、《双城记》查尔斯·狄更斯1、狄更斯，19世纪英国批判现实主义作家，“英国一派出色的小说家”（马克思语）的代表。

2、代表作：早期（30年代）创作乐不雅，多以下层人物受到仁慈庇护为结局：《匹克威克别传》《老古玩店》《奥利弗·推斯特》（雾都孤儿）中期作品（40年代），对资产者的幻想开始减少，批判日益深刻：《董贝父子》《大卫·科波菲尔》《马丁·朱述尔维特》晚期作品（50年代）触及本钱主义人与人关系的本质，揭露更加深广：《荒凉山庄》、《小杜丽》（司法议会政治）；《艰难时事》（反对功利哲学，表示劳资矛盾）；《远大前程》《我们共同的伴侣》（反映金钱罪恶关系）。

3、“一派出色的小说家”：英国的批判现实主义，代表小资产者的愿望和要求，揭示劳资矛盾，有强烈的批判精神，但也有浓厚的资产阶级人道主义的思想倾向。

狄更斯是英国批判现实主义文学的杰出代表。

4、主要人物：梅尼特医生、厄里弗蒙地候爵兄弟、得伐石夫妇、代尔那（女婿）、卡尔登（牺牲者）5、《双城记的》创作目的和意义：作者对英国社会矛盾日益尖锐忧虑的产物，目的是借法国大革命的历史经验给英国统治者敲响警钟。

有明显的借古喻今的意义。

在作者看来，一是当时英国社会酷似资产阶级革命前夜的法国。

二是英国统治者应从法国革命所引出的社会后果中引以为戒。

2009 年1 月自考《外国文学史》真题及答案课程代码00540单项选择题本大题共24 小题，每小题1 分，共24 分。

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。

1、被誉为“戏剧艺术的荷马”的古希腊悲剧诗人是( )A.埃斯库罗斯B.索福克勒斯C.欧里庇得斯D.阿里斯托芬正确答案：B2、欧洲第一部“文人史诗”是古罗马诗人维吉尔的代表作( )A.《伊利昂纪》B.《奥德修纪》C.《工作与时日》D.《埃涅阿斯纪》正确答案：D3、欧洲中世纪前期的英雄史诗中保存最完整的一部是( )A.《贝奥武甫》B.《希尔德布兰特之歌》C.《卡勒瓦拉》D.《罗兰之歌》正确答案：A4、欧洲文艺复兴时期的人文主义文学最早出现在( )A.法国B. 德国C.西班牙D.意大利正确答案：D5、文艺复兴时期法国最重要的作家拉伯雷代表作是( )A.《歌集》B.《神曲》C.《巨人传》D.《十日谈》正确答案： C6、法国古典主义悲剧的创始人是( )A.高乃依B.拉辛C.莫里哀D.布瓦洛正确答案：A7、被誉为18 世纪英国社会的散文史诗的小说是( )A.《鲁滨逊漂流记》B.《克拉丽莎》C.《汤姆·琼斯》D.《感伤旅行》正确答案：C8、被公认为法国启蒙运动的精神领袖的人物是( )A.孟德斯鸠B.伏尔泰C.狄德罗D.让—雅克·卢梭正确答案：B9、德国最早的一个浪漫主义文学流派是( )A.耶拿派B.湖畔派C.海德堡派D.狂飙突进派正确答案：A10、法国19 世纪批判现实主义文学的开山之作是( )A.《人间喜剧》B.《红与黑》C.《包法利夫人》D.《阿达拉》正确答案：B11、美国浪漫主义文学最伟大的诗人是( )A.爱伦·坡B.爱默生C. 霍桑D.惠特曼正确答案：D12、狄更斯在《双城记》中塑造的革命者形象是( )A.梅尼特B.代尔那C.卡尔登D.得伐石太太正确答案：D13、俄国19 世纪批判现实主义文学的最后一位伟大作家是( )A.契诃夫B.涅克拉索夫C.托尔斯泰D.屠格涅夫正确答案：A14、被评论界一致公认为“音乐小说”的作品是( )A.《德伯家的苔丝》B.《约翰·克利斯朵夫》C.《静静的顿河》D.《鹰之歌》正确答案：B15、海明威在《老人与海》中塑造的主人公是( )A.哈利B.杰克·巴恩斯C.亨利D.桑提亚哥正确答案：D16、陀思妥耶夫斯基作为一生创作的总结的代表作是长篇小说( )A.《罪与罚》B.《群魔》C.《白痴》D.《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》正确答案：D17、现代主义文学运动中出现最早、影响最大的文学流派是( )A.唯美主义B.自然主义C.象征主义D.现实主义正确答案：C18、现代西方开一代诗风的先驱是《荒原》的作者( )A.艾略特B.乔伊斯C.卡夫卡D.普鲁斯特正确答案：A19、贝克特的代表作《等待戈多是()A.黑色幽默小说B.存在主义剧作C.荒诞派剧作D.魔幻现实主义小说正确答案：C20、古代巴比伦文学的最高成就是诗()A.《摩诃婆罗多》B.《罗摩衍那》C.《圣经·旧约》D.《吉尔伽美什》正确答案：D21、《蔷薇园》的作者是13 世纪波斯著名人( A.) 菲尔多西B.鲁达基C.哈菲兹D.萨迪正确答案：D22、日本近代批判现实主义文学的奠基作是( )B.《浮云》C.《小说神髓》C.《舞姬》D.《我是猫》正确答案：A23、普列姆昌德在《戈丹》中塑造的何利形象是( )A.贫苦农民B.贫穷工人C.知识分子D.乡村地主正确答案：A24、获得诺贝尔文学奖的纳吉布·马哈福兹是( )A.印度作家B.阿拉伯作家C.南非作家D.日本作家正确答案：B多项选择题(本大题共8 小题，每小题2 分，共16 分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

自考《外国文学作品选》复习资料识记部分：一、荷马史诗《伊里亚特》（公元前九世纪行吟诗人，成文于－6世纪，记载－12世纪的事，－3世纪定稿）1、史诗分为《伊里亚特》《奥德塞》两部分2、两个主要英雄人物：阿基琉斯（英俊骁勇，感情强烈、但过于自尊，盛怒之下不免残忍）赫克托尔（遇事冷静，比较内向，性格稳重，有人情味）3、人神双线推进，多用善用比喻二、索福克勒斯《俄狄浦斯王》（公元前5世纪）1、俄狄蒲斯形象分析：正直、诚实，为了躲避杀父娶母的厄运而四走奔走，力图自己掌握自己的命运，说明其有独立意志和坚强毅力，遵循高尚的道德准则，敢于反抗神喻2、作者的命运观：肯定独立意志和高尚品质，但命运使一个优秀人物成为罪人，命运的正义性和合理性就值得怀疑。

但作者没有否定命运，主人公也未能逃出命运的劫数，存在历史局限性。

3、结构和艺术手法：歌队的穿插；临近高潮落笔的“回顾式”结构；不断“发现”“突变”推动剧情。

4、130个剧本，7个流传至今。

三、但丁《神曲·地狱篇》（13－14世纪）1、恩格斯对但丁的评价：中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时也是新时代的最初一位诗人2、神曲的三部分篇名：《地狱篇》《炼狱篇》《天堂篇》。

拦路的三头野兽：豹、狮、虎。

3、两个形象：维吉尔――理性的指引，经过各种苦难的考验，涤除各种罪恶，在道德上得到净化；贝雅特里奇――信仰的引导，走出迷惘，到达理想的境界。

4、神曲的两重性：虚构的情节与场景源自中世纪宗教思想。

运用宗教文学中常用梦幻故事的写法，以前隐喻、象征等手法，具有一部宗教文学作品的特征；素材取自现实生活，从现实出发评价人物、表示态度，富有现实感，使虚幻的的地狱具有可感性。

塑造出有立体感的人物，主观抒情色彩强烈。

用意大利文写成；兼有中世纪文学的一般特征，也表现出新文学的特征。

5、象征意像：黑暗的森林——意大利现实三头猛兽——阻碍人类达到光明世界的邪恶力量但丁在森林中迷路——人类的迷惘但丁游历——追随理性与信仰6、第五歌、第十九歌的内容：第五歌：地狱第二圈。

《外国文学史》自考大纲整理（2009年版）《外国文学史》（2009年版）主编：孟昭毅出版社：北京大学出版社西方文学第一章古代文学第一节概述1. 识记：古希腊、罗马文学是欧洲文化和文学的发源地。

古罗马文学的分期及主要代表作家作品。

古希腊文学的三个分期及代表作家作品。

第一部文人史诗《爱涅阿斯纪》。

2.理解：古希腊罗马文学和早期基督教文学是欧洲文学的两大源头。

古罗马文学是古希腊和后世欧洲文学之间的桥梁。

“伊索寓言”；《埃涅阿斯纪》的思想内容及艺术特色。

3．应用：古希腊文学的特征和价值。

第二节古希腊神话1．识记：奥林波斯神系。

英雄传说。

2．理解：希腊神话的思想内容和艺术价值。

希腊神话不仅是希腊艺术的武库，而且是它的土壤。

3．应用：希腊神话的特征。

第三节荷马史诗1．识记：《伊利昂纪》的主要英雄人物。

《奥德修纪》的主人公。

2．理解：荷马史诗3．应用：荷马史诗的思想内容和艺术特色。

第四节古希腊戏剧1．识记：古希腊三大悲剧作家和喜剧作家及其代表作品。

2．理解：古希腊戏剧的起源。

古希腊悲剧和喜剧的基本特性。

3．应用：古希腊悲剧中的命运观念和人本思想。

三大悲剧诗人对希腊悲剧的发展做出的重要贡献。

第二章中古文学第一节概述1. 识记：中古各种类型文学的代表作品2.理解：教会文学；骑士文学；英雄史诗；市民文学。

《罗兰之歌》。

《列那狐传奇》。

3．应用：中古文学的特征和价值。

第二节但丁1．识记：但丁是“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人。

”《神曲》采用中世纪梦幻文学的形式，梦游“地狱”、“炼狱”和“天堂”。

诗集《新生》。

2．理解；《神曲》的主题思想3．应用：《神曲》的思想内容和艺术成就。

第三章文艺复兴时期文学第一节概述1．识记：意大利、法国，西班牙和英国文学的代表作家及其代表作品。

2．理解：文艺复兴。

人文主义。

流浪汉小说；大学才子派。

七星诗社。

3．应用：人文主义文学的思想艺术特征。

《十日谈》的思想内容。

《巨人传》的巨人形象。

全国2009年7月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上（全部题目用英文作答）PART ONE (40 POINTS)I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answ er sheet.1. The first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the a wakening of the poor, oppressed people is_____.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Protestant ReformationC. The Enlightenment MovementD. The Chartist Movement2. Daniel Defoe's works are all the following EXCEPT_____.A. Moll FlandersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colonel Jack3. "Metaphysical Poetry" refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton4. The most important play among Shakespeare's comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night's DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milto n's _____.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica6. Which of the following descriptions of Enlightenment Movement is NOT true?A. It was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France.B. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries.C. The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with moderu philosophical and arti stic ideas.D. The Enlighteners advocate individual education.7. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT_____.A. being preciseB. being directC. being flexibleD. being satiric8. A good style of prose" proper works in proper places" was defined by_____.A. John MiltonB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot9. The major theme of Jane Austen's novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage10. Wordsworth's_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. "To a Skylark"B. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"C. "An Evening Walk"D. "My Heart Leaps Up"11. William Blake's work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and HellC. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los12. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shelley's_____.A. "The Cloud"B. "To a Skylark"C. "Ode to a Nightingale"D. "Ode to the West Wind"13. In the Victorian Period _____ became the most widely read and the most vital a nd challenging expression of progressive thought.A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. drama14. In Charles Dickens'early novels, he attacks one or more specific social evils, ____ _is a good example of describing the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life.A. David CopperfieldB. Oliver TwistC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son15. Thomas Hardy's most cheerful and idyllic work is_____.A. The Return of the NativeB. Far from the Maddin CrowdC. Under the Greenwood TreeD. The Woodlanders16. The rise of _____ and new science greatly incited modernist writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.A. the existentialistic ideaB. the irrational philosophyC. scientific socialismD. social Darwinism17. In Modern English literature, the literary interest of _____ lay in the tracing of t he psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the d ehu-manizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. George Bernard ShawB.T.S. EliotC. Oscar WildeD.D.H. Lawrence18. George Bernard Shaw's _____ is a better play of the later period, with the autho r's almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of WWI an d the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Too True to Be GoodB. Mrs. Warren's ProfessionC. Widowers'HousesD. Fanny's First Play19. Renaissance first started in Italy, with the flowering of the following fields EXCE PT_____.A. architectureB. paintingC. sculptureD. literature20. English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have be gun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude21. Charlotte Bront's work _____ is famous for the depiction of the life of the middle - class working women, particularly governesses.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. The ProffessorD. Shirley22. The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the _____ breakup ofa modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purp ose.A. spiritualB. religiousC. politicalD. physical23. Perhaps Emily Dickinson's greatest interpretation of the moment of _____ is to be found in "I heard a Fly buzz--when I died—", a poem universally regarded as one of her masterpieces.A. fantasyB. birthC. crisisD. death24. The fiction of the American _____ period ranges from the comic fables of Washi ng-ton Irving to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.A. RomanticB. RevolutionaryC. ColonialD. Modernistic25. The modern _____ technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator.A. stream - of - consciousnessB. flashbackC. mosaicD. narrative and argumentative26. By means of "_____," Whitman believed, he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. balanced structureB. free verseC. fixed verseD. regular rhythm27. In 1954, _____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for "his powerful style -forming ma s tery of the art" of creating modern fiction.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Sherwood AndersonC. Stephen CraneD. Henry James28. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of _____ in the literary history of the United States, which is actually a movement or tenden cy that dominated the spirit of American literature.A. RationalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Modernism29. When he was eighty - seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This poet was_____.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. E. E. CummingsD. Wallace Stevens30. The renowned American critic H. L. Mencken regarded _____ as "the true father of our national literature."A. Bret HarteB. Walt WhitmanC. Washington IrvingD. Mark Twain31. We can easily find in Theodore Dreiser's fiction a world of jungle, where "kill o r to be killed" was the law. Dreiser's _____ found expression in almost every book h e wrote.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. cubismD. classicalism32. A preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of _____ and the mystery of evil mark ed the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. love and mercyB. bitterness and hatredC. original sinD. eternal life33. "He possessed none of the usual aids to a writer' s career: no money, no friend in power, no formal education worthy of mention, no family tradition in letters. " T his is a description most suitable to the American writer_____.A. Henry JamesB. Theodore DreiserC. W.D. HowellsD. Nathaniel Hawthorne34. People generally considered _____ to be Henry James' masterpiece, which incar n ates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an Americ an girl in a European cultural environment.A. The EuropeansB. Daisy MillerC. The Portrait of A LadyD. The Private Life35. The Jazz Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in_______.A. The Great GatsbyB. The Sun Also RisesC. The Grapes of WrathD. Tales of the Jazz Age36. Guided by the principle of adhering to the truthful treatment of life, the America n _______ introduced industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen and vag rants, prostitutes and unheroic soldiers as major characters in fiction.A. romanticistsB. modernistsC. psychologistsD. realists37. The American literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often acclaimed to be______ _.A. Henry JamesB. Robert FrostC. William FaulknerD.F. Scott Fitzgerald38. By writing Moby - Dick, _______ reached the most flourishing stage of his literar y creativity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser39. Faulkner once said that _____ is a story of "lost innocence," which proves itselfto be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. Light in AugustB. The Sound and the Fur yC. Absalom, Absalom!D. The Hamlet40. Hawthorne was not a Puritan himself, but his view of man and human history o rigina ted, to a great extent, in_______.A. CalvinismB. PuritanismC. RealismD. NaturalismPART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your ans wers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What' s the rhyme scheme for the stanza?C. What's the theme of the poem?42. The following quotation is from Mrs. Warren's Profession:VIVIE: [ intensely interested by this time] No; but why did you choose that business? Saving money and good management will succeed in any business.MRS. WARREN: Yes, saving money. But where can a woman get the money to savein any other business? Could you save out of four shillings a week and keep yourse lf dressed as well? Not you. Of course, if you' re a plain woman and cant earn anyt hing more ; or if you have a turn for music, or the stage, or newspaper - writing ; that's different...Questions :A. Identify the playwright of the above quotation.B. What business do you think Mrs. Warren is involved in?C. What's the theme of the play?43. My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this stanza?C. Briefly interpret the meaning of this stanza.44. "Where are we going, Dad?" Nick asked."Over to the Indian camp. There is an Indian lady very sick. ""Oh," said Nick.Across the bay they found the other boat beached. Uncle George was smoking a ciga r in the dark. The young Indian pulled the boat way up on the beach. Uncle George gave both the Indians cigars.Questions :A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.B. What does Dad imply when he says "There is an Indian lady very sick"?C. Why is Dad going to the Indian camp?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following 9uestions in English. Write your answer s in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What' s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?46. What are the main features of Bernard Shaw's plays with regard to the theme, c harac-terization and plot?47. Henry James' literary criticism is an indispensable part of his contribution to lite rature. What's his outlook in literary criticiam?48. Local colorism is a unique variation of American literary realism. Who is the mo st famous local colorist? What are local colorists most concerned?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corre sponding space on the answer sheet.49. Define modernism in English literature. Name two major modernistic British writ ers and list one major work by each.50. Briefly discuss the term "The Lost Generation"and name the leading figures of t his literary movement (Give at least three).。