职称英语卫生A级 2012年新增 完形填空+3篇翻译

2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

职称英语考试卫生类完型填空课文译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。

大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。

但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。

两百万人因此丧命。

结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。

目前的治疗至少需要六个月。

患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。

许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。

公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。

现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。

这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。

Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。

研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。

他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。

科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。

这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。

世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。

卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。

今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。

这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。

现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。

全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。

Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their ______1______. Two million people die ______2______ it. The disease has ______3______ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to ______4______ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop ______5______ they feel better. Doing that can _______6______ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how _______7______it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients _______8_____. It would also mean ______9______infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They ______10______the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might ______11______about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these ______12_____would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization ______13______the DOTS3program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make ______14______they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research ______15______new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.1. A) kidneys B) lungs C) bones D) livers2. A) with B) without C) of D) out of3. A) increased B) decreased C) changed D) disappeared4. A) make B) take C) try D) test5. A) as if B) as though C) as far as D) as soon as6. A) refer B) apply C) lead D) amount7. A) effective B) ineffective C) expensive D) inexpensive8. A) cured B) to cure C) being cured D) having been cured9. A) many B) more C) few D) fewer10. A) provided B) introduced C) tested D) tempted11. A) bring about B) contributed to C) promote D) prevent12. A) increases B) reductions C) creations D) collections13. A) developed B) invented C) delayed D) refused14. A) easy B) uneasy C) sure D) unsure15. A) with B) to C) onto D) into2.8名纽约学生感染甲型N1 H1流感疾病预防控制中心已经证实来自纽约一所预备学校的八名学生感染甲型N1HI流感，纽约市长迈克尔．布隆伯格周日称。

阅读理解第一篇Who Want to Live Forever? （谁想永生？）If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?如果你的医生能给你一种药，这个药能让你健康的活两倍长的时间，你会服用吗?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.好消息是我们离这一天越来越近了。

科学家已经在实验中延长了苍蝇、蠕虫和老鼠的寿命。

许多人认为，采用基因疗法，我们很快就能将人类的寿命延长到至少140年。

这看似一个好主意。

想想我们将会延长多少时间来追逐我们的梦想、与爱人厮守、看看我们的孩子成长并组成他们自己的家庭。

"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."加州大学公共健康学院的格里戈里嘶托克博士认为：“长寿能使我们有机会改正错误，亦能促使人从长计划。

2012职称英语教材-卫生类15篇完形填空译文注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章卫生类完型填空课文译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。

大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。

但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。

两百万人因此丧命。

结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。

目前的治疗至少需要六个月。

患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。

许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。

公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。

现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。

这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。

Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。

研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。

他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。

科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。

这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。

世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。

卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。

今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。

这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。

现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。

全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。

2.节食普通人每天需要大约1,800卡的热量才能生存下来。

这些热量使你的心脏跳动、肺呼吸、身体器官正常运转、大脑持续工作，并可以使你保持足够的体温。

一个人体重增加了是因为他或她每天摄入的卡路里比需要的多。

2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇 Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章及解析阅读判断（2篇）第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇Computer Mouse概括大意与完成句子（2篇）第六篇How We Form First lmpression第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language阅读理解（15篇）第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

完形填空第一篇生命与鸟在近17年的时间里，大卫对抗曾担任伦敦自耕农看守，__1__众所周知的游客beefeaters 的塔之一。

大卫，64岁，住在三间卧室的平面右侧的__2__的拜沃德大厦的城楼之一。

“__3__我们的卧室，我们有伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的壮丽景致，说：”大卫。

伦敦塔是著名__4__乌鸦，大的黑色的鸟在那里住了三个多世纪。

大卫马上就被迷住鸟时，他的乌鸦主__5__后八年前他没有__6__接受它。

“鸟现在成为我的生活和我我总是__7__，我是__8__的传统。

的传说说，如果你想乌鸦离开伦敦塔，英国将下降的敌人，和它是我的工作__9__确保这不会发生这种事！“David_10_about每天四小时照顾的乌鸦。

他已经成长为爱和_11__，他住在他们旁边，是理想的。

“我可以_12__密切关注他们的时候，不只是当我的工作。

”__13__，大卫的妻子莫是不讼诉生活在塔的想法，但她也将是明年退休时，他伤心的离开了。

“当我们看的出来，我们的窗户，我们看到了历史__15__在我们身边，和我们正在并将其存储起来为我们未来的回忆。

第二篇运气不错演员安东尼奥班德拉斯是用来打破的骨头，它似乎总是发生时，他的第一运动。

在影片播放的骨他的中量级拳击手伍迪·哈里森一起。

3，制作的电影“哈里森4抱怨，争取5个非常有说服力的，所以，有一天，他建议，他和班德拉斯应该有一个真正的斗争。

西班牙演员是不是起初的想法，但他却说服他合演把他的手套，爬入拳击擂台。

然而，当他意识到如何认真对待他的8这一切，他开始后悔自己的决定打。

然后在第三轮中，哈里森打班德拉斯9硬盘的脸，他居然打破了他的鼻子。

他的妻子，女演员Melanie格里菲斯，大怒，他一直扮演“傻大男子主义的游戏”。

“她是对的，”班德拉斯承认，“我是傻瓜的风险一样，在中间的电影。

”他是11的时候，在他的家乡马拉加足球比赛中，他摔断了腿。

他总是成为一个足球明星，一个大庭广众面前表演，但医生告诉他，他演奏的天很可能超过。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材（电子版已经发布，欢迎下载）阅读判断（2篇）第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇Computer Mouse概括大意与完成句子（2篇）第六篇How We Form First lmpression第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language阅读理解（15篇）第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

卫生A级重点文章Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others咸度味感因人而异（卫生A）Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. 宾州州立大学农学院食品科学家进行的一项研究表明，有些人很难喜欢含盐量低的食物。

The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. 该研究指出，基因因素导致我们对咸度的不同喜好。

Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study. 该研究负责人、食品科学副教授约翰·海斯指出，这些结论非常重要，因为近期对减少食物含盐量的大力宣传使得许多人挣扎着接受合适其他人而不合适自己口味的食物。

Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. 含盐最高的饮食会增加高血压和中风的风险。

2012年职称英语综合类A新增文章翻译阅读理解+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape完形填空（15篇）+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin阅读译文综合类A级第三十四篇逃亡在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。

巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。

因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且赢了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我赢的钱退出了游戏。

尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去走一走。

我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。

与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。

奇怪的是并没有什么影子映射在窗户上。

我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。

我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。

一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯，十分美丽，可能是新做的。

我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。

一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。

我的手抚摸着放唱片的架子，读着标题。

这里还有很多的……“我可以帮助你吗?”她吓了我一跳。

我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。

她看我的方式如此居高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。

很难避开那个眼神。

但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生。

除了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。

我猜不出她的年龄。

尽管她的眼神充满了友善，她使我想起了我的祖母。