全国年月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题

全国高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Language is_________. （）A. the product of the human brainB. rule governedC. independent of cultureD. the result of social institutions2.Culture is a social phenomenon because it is a _________ product of human societies.（）A. technical B. cooperativeC. newD. language3.A_________is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.（）A. semi houseB. balconyC. plotD. yard4.English is often referred to as a _________ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements. （）A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. branchingD. linear5.Decide which of the following words is the word with an inflectional morpheme.（）A. completeB. behaviorC. playedD. membership6.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_________.（）A. “Thank you very much. How much is it?”B. “Where did you get it? This is really what I want.”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much.”D. “It’s very nice.”7.Which expression is NOT appropriate for you to use after you receive an apology? （）1A. It’s O.K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.8. A: Is Jenny co .ruing to the party?B: Yes, she is.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit_________. （）A. cohesionB. coherenceC. coexistenceD. cooperation9.Most of the cultural interpretations of the difference between English and Chinese at the textual level are_________.（）A. conclusions rather than tentative assumptionsB,. tentative assumptions rather than conclusionsC. either tentative assumptions or conclusionsD. neither tentative assumptions nor conclusions10. In American English, the equivalent word for“公寓”is_________.（）A. departmentB. flatC. apartmentD. basement11.7 days without 7-up make one weak.In this advertisement, one can find the tactful use of _________.（）A. homophonesB. figure of speechC. repetitionD. several adjectives12. Nodding means “agreement”to Chinese and most Europeans. But in the Eskimo gesturalsystem, head nodding means“_________”. （）A. yesB. angerC. pleasureD. no13. _________is a construction, expression, etc., having a meaning different from the literal oneor not according to the usual patterns of the language.（）A. “To pull one’s leg”B. “To keep a straight face”C. “To make a cat laugh”D. “To ride one’s high horse”14. The proverb “Homer sometimes nods”is related to_________.2（）A. Christianity B. Greco-Roman civilizationC. individualismD. insular culture15. In English culture _________ connote wisdom.A. miceB. chickensC. owlsD. mules16. _________is the symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.（）A. A white slaveB. A white elephantC. A white hopeD. A white feather17. _________shows a biased attitude towards certain ethnic groups.A. Racist languageB. Religious languageC. Sexist languageD. Metaphorical language18. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: _________.（）A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension19. _________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.A. HonourificsB. Terms of humilityC. EuphemismsD. Taboos20. For example, a boy told his mother in a whispering voice that it was not he who broke thevase but did not dare to look at his mother in her eyes. How could one interpret his verbal and nonverbal messages? （）A. Complementing.B. Contradicting.C. RepeatingD. Regulating.Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Some of the important properties in a language are_________. （）3A. a set of symbolsB. human specificC. vocalD. unsystematic22. “Handsome”means nice looking and can be used together with the followingwords_________.（）A. villageB. vesselC. typewriterD. overcoat23. Inductive argumentation has been related to_________.（）A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality24. When people are introduced, _________.（）A. they always shake handsB. they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC. they do not always shake handsD. men shake hands more often than women25. The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be classified into_________.（）A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal26. The word “hero”can be pronounced as_________.（）A. ['her∂v]B. ['hi:r∂v]C. ['hir∂v]D. ['hi∂r∂v]27. Silence may send the nonverbal messages of_________.（）A. displeasureB. pleasureC. indifferenceD. irritation28. _________means to be clumsy.（）A. “To put one’s foot in one’s mouth”B. “To be all thumbs”C. “To have a chip on one’s shoulder”D. “To have two left feet”29. _________have the metaphorical meaning of timidity.（）4A. BeaversB. LambsC. MiceD. Chickens30. _________is a euphemistic synonym of “poor ”.A. DeprivedB. NeedyC. UnderprivilegedD. DisadvantagedIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)31. Language is vocal, which means that speech is the ___________________of language.32. Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ___________________ ways.33. “2006年8月12日下午3点”can be translated into___________________.34. John Bull is ___________________ personified.35. It has been claimed that English texts develop in a ___________________ fashion, whileChinese ones develop in a spiral way.36. A national language may have several regional___________________.37. Though Chinese speakers tend to say “犟牛”to mean stubborn, English speakers would say “as stubborn as a___________________”in similar situations.38. The English expression equivalent to “敝校”is___________________.39. If a person stretches out his forefinger and the middle finger apart, he means______________.40 The English idiom equivalent to“鹤立鸡群”or“羊群里的骆驼”is“___________________”. IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41 What is the English equivalent for “挂钟”?42. What are the four types of common English names?43. What does a white slave refer to?44. What is the typical text structure of letters of request in English? And how does it differ fromthat of Chinese letters?V. Translation. (18%)45．不动声色46．久仰大名47. My hands are as cold as ice．48. Wine and judgment matures with age.49. The Chinese people prefer the order in which the modifier appears before the head because5they are indirect. For the same reason, the subordinate clause precedes the main clause in Chinese.50. In China when people visit a friend and have dinner with his or her family, the host or hostess often says, “These are the best dishes we can supply. Please feel at home and help yourselves”. Vl. Discuss the following topics. (20%)51. What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?52. “Plain looking”, “heavy”, “slender”, “physically handicapped”, and “hard of hearing”are some commonly used euphemisms. How do we use those euphemisms related to human appearance?6。

全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%) 1．“Negro”,once a euphemism for “_______”, is now an offensive racist term.（）A．a black man B．niggerC．an African D．black boy2．The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “gardener”is “_______”.（）A．landscape architect B．garden designerC．beautician D．botanist3．I may be back tonight; I’m not sure. _______,just make yourself at home.（）A．However B．Despite thisC．Either way D．Still4．He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier.（）A．Alternatively B．I meanC．In addition D．Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into _______.（）A．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C．He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D．He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6．_______ is a weapon name.（）A．Brenda B．ArthurC．Rhoda D．Timothy7．When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______.（）A．“It’s very nice”B．“Where did you get it? This is really what I want”C．“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much”D．“How much is it? Thank you very much”18．_______can be said as a reply to thanks.（）A．“You’re too polite.” B．“It’s my pleasure.”C．“It’s my duty.” D．“No.”9．To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture.（）A．vicious character B．narrow minded featureC．loose sex morality D．positive human quality10．“Propaganda”connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English.（）A．giving publicity to something B．exchanging useful knowledgeC．spreading biased information D．motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for“stop watch”is “跑表”,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.（）A．the way in which it is usedB．the purpose for which it is usedC．the mechanic qualityD．the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for “温室”is “greenhouse”,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.（）A．capacity B．physical characteristicC．function D．effectiveness13．The proverb“one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis”is related to _______.（）A．Christianity B．the BibleC．Greco-Roman civilization D．geography14．“A child who roams the street”can be referred to as _______.（）A．a Sherlock Holmes B．an Uncle TomC．a Don Juan D．an Oliver Twist15．“The Garden of Eden”is an allusion derived from_______.（）A．literature B．mythologyC．religion D．history16．“We’ve generated a lot of ideas this week”illustrates the metaphor that _______.（）A．ideas are food B．ideas are plantC．ideas are products D．ideas are commodities17．“Brown paper”corresponds to _______.（）A．秘密文件 B．棕色纸2C．揭露社会黑暗的报纸 D．牛皮纸18．Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French.（）A．Greek B．LatinC．Indian D．Romania19．To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents.（）A．personal pronouns B．loan wordsC．long sentences D．learned words20．Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______. （）A．accenting B．complementingC．regulating D．substitutionⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “the black people”is regarded as degrading word, for “black”has bad connotations.“_______”is the case in point.（）A．Black flag B．Black coalC．Black foot D．Black head22．It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.（）A．artistic thinking B．deductive reasoningC．intuitive thinking D．dialectical reasoning23．Which of the following statements may be true? （）A．Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B．Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C．Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D．Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24．Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______. （）A．Joyce B．MerrillC．Valdes D．Mrs. Valdes25．“To pull somebody’s leg”means _______.（）A．to tease somebody B．to let somebody lag behindC．to deceive somebody temporarily D．to prevent somebody from advancing26．“To ride one’s high horse”means _______.（）3A．to be glad B．to be haughtyC．to be arrogant D．to be confident27．Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______.（）A．reformation B．lynchC．cocktail D．scalp28．In English culture,“red”can be associated with _______.（）A．celebrations B．embarrassment or shynessC．anger or excitement D．jealousy29．“Santa Clause”comes from _______.（）A．German B．FrenchC．Dutch D．Indian30．Chewing one’s finger nails signifies _______.（）A．emotional stress B．impatienceC．irritation D．worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“Human resource development”is the euphemism for “_________.”32.The connective “so”in “If they see that you’re blue, they’ll look down upon you. So why should I bother to care.”indicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“Self-made man”,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天”is “_________.”39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for “教职员”is“_________.”Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“a red letter day”mean in English culture?44.Does“a marriage of convenience”covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻”？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?47.What is the English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”？448.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture. Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。

语言与文化自考题-3(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternativescarefully and decide which of the four alternatives **pletes the statement.1."Culture" is a loan word from ______.A.French B. LatinC.RomanD. NorwegianSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B主要考查对文化的了解。

在英语中culture是拉丁语的借用词，该词的主要含义是“耕种土地”。

2."Associate" can be used together with ______.A.professorB. presidentC.chairman D . generalSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A本题主要考查词汇的搭配意义。

associate可以和professor，editor，director等搭配使用。

3.A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ______.A.hockeyB. rugbyC.poloD. golfSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C本题主要考查与生活方式有关的英语词汇。

polo(马球)指运动员在马背上进行比赛，两队各出3—4名队员，场地长274米，宽146米或183米。

队员用打马球的带有弹性的球棍击球，马球是用竹条或柳根制成，以打进球门得分。

语言与文化自考题-5(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternativescarefully and decide which of the four alternatives **pletes the statement.1.Language is ______ in that it is rule governed.A.arbitrary B. vocalC.systematic D . symbolicSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C主要考查语言的系统性特征。

语言是由规则支配的。

构成语言的成分须遵循某些特定的规则。

人们必须讲遵循规则所构成的语言，否则，人们就无法进行交际，孩子们也不可能进行语言学习。

因此，语言是系统的。

2.The relationship between language and culture is that ______.A. language determines cultureB. culture determines languageC. language and cultureinteract D. language and culture are parallelSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C主要考查语言与文化之间的关系。

语言与文化紧密联系，相互影响，相互制约。

3.In its narrow sense "culture" can be defined as ______ of a population.A.conceptsB. lifewayC. behavioralpatterns D. social institutionsSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B主要考查狭义上的文化的定义。

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2021 年 1 月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838Ⅰ .Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1．“ Negro〞 ,once a euphemism for “ _______〞 , is now an offensive racist term. 〔〕A ． a black manB ． niggerC． an African D ． black boy2． The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “ gardener〞 is “ _______〞 .〔〕A ． landscape architectB ． garden designerC． beautician D ． botanist3． I may be back tonight; I’ m not sure. _______,just make yourself〔at home. 〕A ． HoweverB ． Despite thisC． Either way D ． Still4． He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier. 〔〕A ． AlternativelyB ． I meanC． In addition D ． Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街 2 号〞 can be translated into _______.〔〕A ． He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B ． He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C． He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D ． He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6． _______ is a weapon name.〔〕A ． BrendaB ． ArthurC． Rhoda D ． Timothy7． When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______. 〔〕A ．“ It ’ s very nice〞B ．“ Where did you get it? This is really what I want〞C．“ It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much 〞D ．“ How much is it? Thank you very much 〞18． _______can be said as a reply to thanks.〔〕A ．“ You’ retoo polite. 〞B ．“ It ’ s my pleasure〞.C．“ It ’ s my duty〞. D ．“ No. 〞9． To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture. 〔〕A ． vicious characterB ． narrow minded featureC． loose sex morality D ． positive human quality10．“ Propaganda〞 connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English. 〔〕A ． giving publicity to somethingB ． exchanging useful knowledgeC． spreading biased information D ． motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for “ stop watch 〞 is “跑表〞 ,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.〔〕A ． the way in which it is usedB ． the purpose for which it is usedC． the mechanic qualityD ． the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for“温室〞is“ greenhouse〞,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.〔〕A ． capacityB ． physical characteristicC． function D ． effectiveness13． The proverb “one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis 〞 is related to _______. 〔〕A ． ChristianityB ． the BibleC． Greco-Roman civilization D ． geography14．“ A child who roams the street 〞 can be referred to as _______.〔〕A ． a Sherlock HolmesB ． an Uncle TomC． a Don Juan D ． an Oliver Twist15．“ The Garden of Eden〞 is an allusion derived from_______. 〔〕A ． literatureB ． mythologyC． religion D ． history16．“ We’ ve generated a lot of ideas this week〞 illustrates the metaphor that _______. 〔〕A ． ideas are foodB ． ideas are plantC． ideas are products D ． ideas are commodities17．“ Brown paper 〞 corresponds to _______.〔〕A ．奥秘文件B ．棕色纸2C．揭示社会黑暗的报纸 D ．牛皮纸18． Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French. 〔〕A ． GreekB ． LatinC． Indian D ． Romania19． To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents. 〔〕A ． personal pronounsB ． loan wordsC． long sentences D ． learned words20． Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______.〔〕A ． accentingB ． complementingC． regulating D ． substitutionⅡ .Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be morethan one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “ the black people 〞 is regarded as degrading word, for“ black〞 has bad connotations.“_______ 〞 is the case in point. 〔〕A ． Black flagB ． Black coalC． Black foot D ． Black head22． It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.〔〕A ． artistic thinkingB ． deductive reasoningC． intuitive thinking D ． dialectical reasoning23． Which of the following statements may be true?〔〕A ． Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B ． Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C． Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D ． Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24． Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______.〔〕A ． JoyceB ． MerrillC． Valdes D ． Mrs. Valdes25．“ To pull somebody’〞s legmeans _______.〔〕A ． to tease somebodyB ． to let somebody lag behindC． to deceive somebody temporarily D ． to prevent somebody from advancing26．“ To ride one ’ s high horse〞means _______.〔〕3()全国自考语言与文化试题及剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯A ． to be gladB ． to be haughtyC． to be arrogant D ． to be confident27． Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______. 〔〕A ． reformationB ． lynchC． cocktail D ． scalp28． In English culture, “ red〞 can be associated with _______. 〔〕A ． celebrationsB ． embarrassment or shynessC． anger or excitement D ． jealousy29．“ Santa Clause〞 comes from _______. 〔〕A ． GermanB ． FrenchC． Dutch D ． Indian30． Chewing one ’ s finger nails signifies〔.〕A ． emotional stressB ． impatienceC． irritation D ． worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“ Human resource development 〞 is the euphemism for “ _________.〞32.The connective“ so〞in“ If they see that you’ re blue, they’ ll look down upon you. So why should I bother〞to caindicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“ Self-made man〞,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天〞is “ _________.〞39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for“教职员〞is“ _________.〞Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“ a red letter day〞 mean in English culture?“ a marriage of convenience〞 covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻〞？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word“ maize〞?47.What is the English equivalent for“隐形眼镜〞？4()全国自考语言与文化试题及剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯优选自学考料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯48.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。

全国2014年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请琴生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

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I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statementand the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(2Q%)1. "Oil is a natural substance ・ When it is obtained from the oil well and refined into petrol, ifbecomes a cultural product.f，From the above example, we can see that culture is a ______________ phenomenon・A. nationalB. historicalC. socialD. general and abstract2. Eskimo tribes commonly have as many as seven different words for snow while certainAfrican cultures in the equatorial forest of Zaire have no word for snow. Such phenomenon shows that _______________ •A. language is part of cultureB. language is influenced and shaped by cultureC. language is the carrier of cultureD. language has itsinfluence on culture3. _____ meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.A. ConceptualB. ConnotativeC. Affective D, Col locative4. “Cowboy", “Hippie" and ^Continental Co ngress" are words that represent the ____________ aspectsof American culture・浙00838#语言与文化试题第1页〈共6页)A. geographicalB. politicalC. religious D・ historical浙00838存语言与文化试题第2页（共6页）浙00838#语言与文化试题第3页（其6页）5. Compare the sentences "Which books have you lent him?护 and "你借给他哪些书?and we find the difference in ______ .A. grammatical morphemesB. subjects and objectsC. parataclic and hypotactic relationD. word order6. People from individualistic cultures tend to _________ • A. mind their own affairsB. be more sociable C ・ be more influe need by the environment D. inquire what others are doing7. In English " _______ "is often used together with the addressee's given name as a vocative ・A. motherB ・ auntC cousin D. mother-in-law8. Which of the following is NOT a common response to a compliment?A. Thank you. I’m glad you like it. (to "How delicious the food is!")B. Thank yo u. So did you. (to “You played very well in the game today.")C. Oh, I wish it could be true, (to “You speak good Chinese.%)D. Oh no, not at all. (to “Whai a beautiful garden you have 广)9. “To keep one’s nose clean” corresponds to __________ .A.保持一身清白B.保持呼吸畅通 C 便某人信服D.涓洗脸部 10. The Chinese equivalent to “make bricks without straw'' is ______________ ・A.白手起家B.费九牛二虎之力做某事C.独立完成某事 D •做无米之炊 11 • The red color is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions in English speakingcountries and in China, which can be seen in the following expressions EXCEPT “ ________ 二A. a red letter dayB ・ waving a red flag C. painting the town red D. the red carpet12. Metaphors occur frequently in daily conversations to show speakers' views on things both in Chineseand in English ・ The following metaphorical expressions show that ideas are people EXCEPT “(2) Will you please show your ticket?(3) Your ticket, please.(4) Would you mind showing your ticket? Please arrange the above statements in polite ness ・A.(I)(2X3)(4)C. (1)(3X2)(4)A.新思想荫绊C. His ideas will live on forever13. ( I ) Your ticket.B. 旧观念复活 D. He breathed new life into that idea an order of increasing degrees of formality andB ・(2)⑴(4)(3)D. (4X3)(2XD浙00838存语言与文化试题第4页（共6页）浙00838#语言与文化试题第3页（其6页）浙00838#语言与文化试题第5页(共6页〉浙00838存语言与文化试题第8页（共6页）。

2019年4月高等教育自学考试《语言与文化》试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Without as the medium for formal or informal instruction, no culture could ever belearned.A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. speech2. When we say that language is , we mean that there is no logical relationship between words and the objects that these words are used to refer to.A. systematicB. arbitraryC. symbolicD. vocal3. The central theme of traditional Chinese culture is or environmentalism.A. individualismB. humanismC. socialismD. collectivism4. The communicative value a word has in addition to its conceptual meaning is the meaning of the word.A. collocativeB. connotativeC. affectiveD. thematic5. The onomatopoeic words can be found in the following sentences EXCEPTA. A pig squeals when it is hurtB. The croaky sounds disturbed meC. l:squeezed carefully through the crowdD. He shook his head with an appreciative chuckle6. 1) Strike while the iron is hot.2)趁热打铁The above pair of sentences shows the grammatical contrast between English andChinese inA. grammatical morphemesB. subjects and objectsC. paratactic and hypotactic relationsD. recipients and modifiers7. If a Chinese boy is named as “钟剑”,which English personal name is most proper for him?A. Joseph.B. Heather.C. Arthur.D. Brenda.8. If an American professor has prepared a letter of recommendation for his student who is looking for a job, it is customary for the student to say," "A. You are my life-saverB. Thank you so much. I really appreciate your helpC. I'm sorry to have wasted your timeD. I apologize for bothering you so many times9. The following English proverbs are related to navigation EXCEPT" "A. It is a hard sailing when there is no windB. A great ship asks deep waterC. England is the ringing islandD. The good seaman is known in bad weather10. What feature of idioms does "each man for himself and the devil take the hindmost" epresent?A. Idioms' patterns may be unusual from the other regular expressions.B. Idioms' meaning is unpredictable even when their component words are known.C. An idiom has to be learned as a word even though it may consist of several words.D. The relationship between the idioms and their meaning is arbitrary.11. In the sentence "What a dull speech! He's merely parroting what many others have said", the vehicle isA. parrotB. a dull speechC. heD. many others12. In the following metaphorical expressions," "shows love is war.A. I'm crazy about herB. 1 was entranced by himC. I could feel the electricity between usD. He is known for his many rapid conquests13. Which of the following address form shows that in English culture familiarity is highly valued?A. Professor White.B. Mrs White.C. Miss White.D. John or Mary.14. The following expressions are euphemisms of"die" EXCEPTA. goB. releaseC. breathe one's lastD. be with God15. Which of the following is NOT a textual connective?A. butB. ifC. howeverD. of16. The basic meaning of relations is "contrary to expectation".A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. The word that has British English spelling isA. colorB. cigaretC. defenceD. civilize18. Advertisement English differs from other varieties of English in many ways. Which of the following advertisements shows the feature of frequent use of adjectives?A. Soothing, Sensuous. Fragrantly Fragrant.B. I'm MORE satisfied.C. Only a large and active rent-a-car network like European is ready to meet everydemand of the important Middle East traveler.D. An unrivaled international collection of exceptional natural fiber bedding, clothing,intimate apparel and personal accessories, for discerning adults and some veryfortunate children.19. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of nonverbal messages?A. Complementing.B. Repeating.C. Substituting.D. Implying.20. In communication very often we need to respond to the expectations from the people around us and to exaggerate our facial behaviours to meet these expectations. This kind offacial management is calledA. intensifying -B. deintensifyingC. neutralizingD. maskingII. Eachof the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There is more than one correct answer to each question. 00%)21. In English kinship terms the distinction is ignored in "cousin".A. between blood relatives and spouse relativesB. between male and female relativesC. between paternal and maternal relativesD. made according to the seniority of relatives of the same generation22. The medium of nonverbal interaction includes , etc.A. verbal languageB. habitsC. gesturesD. facial expressions23. Which of the following statements are true about English grammatical morphemes?A. In English all suffixes are inflectional morphemes.B. In English not all prefixes are derivational morphemes.C. Inflectional morphemes are also called grammatical morphemes.D. When inflectional morphemes are attached to words, they do not change the wordclass of the words.24. It is quite common to find personal names in English related toA. religionB. historical eventsC. authorityD. date of birth25. The Chinese equivalents to the English idiom "to keep one's own company" areA．离群索居B．独来独往C白手起家D．独当一面26. Metaphors can be found in the sentence" "A. His words stabbed at her heartB. Look at your hands, boy, they're as black as coalC. There are too many facts here for me to digest them allD. Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who has lost his piece of candy27. Of the following expressions, are euphemisms.A. plain lookingB. physically handicappedC. uglyD. crippled28. Hypotactic relations can be found in" "A. I believe he is an honest manB. He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etcC. The man ran away when he saw the dogD. Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast29. Words that are used in British English areA. engineB. tubeC. railroadD. pavement30. Of the following gestures, mean the same in both English and Chinese bodylanguage systems.A. shaking one's headB. waving good-bye when people partC. touching or pointing to one's own nose with raised forefingerD. rubbing one's thumb against one's forefinger and middle fingerIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. Language is used for conveying , so its structure and function must reflect them.32. The Chinese equivalent for "busybody" is "rather than "大忙人".33. Morphemes are units of meaning in languages like Chinese and English.34. Names include names, surnames, full names, with or without a title, and nicknames or pet names.35. Implied or indirect references are called36. The creature, idea or object to be compared to something else is called a37. The euphemism "have a tendency to stretch the truth" refers to the behaviour of38. When rhetoric is talked about, argumentation means that the central idea is presented at the beginning of a text and that information supporting it is conveyed after it.39. Many technical terms in English are words from Greek or Latin, such as "botany", "mathematics" and "datum".40. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviours are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviours, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation orIV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41. How to define the term "artistic thinking" as used in the discussion of thought?42. What can people get from a drugstore?43. What do hypotactic relations refer to?44. The lead in a news report normally presents briefly five Ws. Analyze the following news lead and write out at least three Ws.An 83-year-oM great grand-mother received a bachelor’s degree from South-eastern University today, more than 50 years after she took her first college course.V. Translation. (18%)45．白菜46．您先请。

做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and put the answer in the brackets. (20%)1. In educational settings “depend on others to do his/her work”is often preferred to “______”.A. fail to do one’s homeworkB. fail to do one’s schoolwork wellC. cheat in examsD. cheat in class2. A “file clerk”is often said euphemistically to be a(n) “______”.A. information directorB. research consultantC. office executiveD. assistant manager3. I wonder whether Nick isn’t better off, after all. ______—they do look after him, don’t they?A. I meanB. In other wordsC. ActuallyD. Incidentally4. The next morning she was glad and proud that she had not yielded to a scare. ______ he was most strangely and obviously better.A. ThoughB. At this pointC. ForD. So5. “2000年7月25日上午10点”can be translated into ______.A. At 10 o’clock of the morning of 25 July of 2000B. At 10 o’clock on the morning of 25 July, 2000C. At 10 o’clock, the morning of 25 July, 2000D. At 10 o’clock in the morning of 25 July, 20006. Which of the following names is associated with Christianity?A. EdgarB. JosephC. AlexanderD. Iris7. When you introduce Mary Smith to John Jones, you may say ______.A. “John Jones, this is Mary Smith”B. “Mr. Jones, may I introduce Mrs. Smith?”C. “Mary Smith, this is John Jones”D. “Mary Smith, this is Mr. Jones”8. “______”is inappropriate as a reply to an apology.A. It’s O. K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.9. It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic ______.A. writingB. speakingC. thinkingD. doing10. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements:______.A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension11. The Chinese equivalent for “high school”is ______.A. 中等学校B. 高等学校C. 技术学校D. 职业学校12. In English culture, “old”is associated with all the following except ______.A. uselessB. traditionalC. senileD. skilled13. The phrasal verb “look into”corresponds in meaning to the single word ______.A. expectB. investigateC. despiseD. watch14. “To be very careful and correct in one’s behaviour”is synonymous to ______.A. “Mr. Right”B. “keep one’s own company”C. “to mind one’s p’s and q’s”D. “to keep one’s nose clean”15. “To make a cat laugh”means ______.A. to be tragicB. to be comicC. to be proudD. to be serious16. In English culture “white”connotes ______.A. innocenceB. deathC. crueltyD. reaction17. The English equivalent for “害了红眼病”is ______.A. a white hopeB. grey-headedC. pinkeyeD. green-eyed18. Uranus is the Roman god of ______.A. heavens and father of SaturnB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods19. American English and ______ English are two varieties of the English language and they are of equal status.A. CanadianB. AustralianC. New Zealandic EnglishD. British20. Stamping one’s foot signifies ______ in English body language.A. angerB. strengthC. remorseD. impatienceⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement and put the answer(s) in the brackets. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. “______”is more offensive than “damn”or “damn it”.A. HellB. God damn youC. Damn youD. Jesus Christ22. He was the popular candidate. ______he will be elected.A. So thatB. As suchC. ConsequentlyD. Accordingly23. In the following statements,______ is true.A. English has gone through the stage of explicit grammar, while Chinese has.B. Modern European languages are grammatical simpler and demonstrate less grammatical explicitly than classical European language.C. English and Chinese are at different developmental stages.D. English and Chinese are at same developmental stages.24. When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say ______.A. Hello. This is John speaking.B. Hello.C. Who’s calling, please?D. Good morning. John Smith here.25. When English speakers respond to thanks, they normally say ______.A. “Don’t mention it”B. “It’s my pleasure”C. “Not at all”D. “No. It’s my duty”26. The idiomatic expression “to put one’s foot in one’s mouth”means ______.A. to just make itB. to say something embarrassingC. to have an angry attitudeD. to say something wrong or unsuitable27. “A blue fit”is close in meaning to ______.A. annoyanceB. happinessC. satisfactionD. irritation28. In English culture, ______ are positive in meaning.A. ambitiousB. self-made manC. do-gooderD. aggressive29. In Chinese newspapers ______ are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers.A. political achievementsB. cultural achievementsC. crimesD. disasters30. Touching or bodily contact is more common among ______ in English speaking countries.A. malesB. the oldC. femalesD. the youngⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. “To fresh up”can be used by a female as an euphemism for ________.32. In an English letter of request there are three parts: the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a ________.33. It is hard for ________ to understand why “走狗”is a pejorative term in Chinese.34. Each culture develops a particular way of ________ favoured by a particular population.35. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the ________ relations between linguistic elements.36. “Good-bye”is the contracted form of ________ and therefore carries a religious connotation.37. “Good night”is usually as an expression of ________.38. The English proverbial expression ________ corresponds to “对牛弹琴”in Chinese.39. The English expression ________ corresponds to “胆小如鼠”in Chinese.40. The branch of learning that studies how we perceive, structure, reacts to, and interpret messages of time is referred to as ________.41. American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ________.42. The phrase in British English for “私立学校”is ________.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What are some examples in Australian English illustrating racist language?44. How do English speakers respond to compliments?45. What is large c culture?46. How would you explain the fact that “greenhouse”and its equivalent in Chinese “温室”are formed differently?47. Which idiomatic expression in English corresponds to “捧腹大笑”in Chinese?48. What is the word for “hard liquor”in British English?Ⅴ. Translation. (16%)49. 您有何高见?50. Most surprise attacks against the enemy have now become pre-emptive strikes.51. I’m sorry, Mr. Jones is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message, please?52. Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who is calling?53. He that increases knowledge increases sorrow.54. 巧妇难为无米之炊。

2007年10月全国自考语言学概论试题参考答案一、单项选择题1.下列关于“语言”和“言语”的表述中，不正确的一项是【】A.语言是社会的，言语是个人的B.语言是主要的，言语是从属的C.语言是抽象的，言语是具体的D.语言是书面的，言语是口头的答案：D解析：识记语言和言语的关系。

2.最小的言语交际单位是【】A.语篇B.句子C.词组D.词答案：B解析：句子由词或词组按一定规则组合而成，能独立说出来并用于交际。

3.A.AB.BC.CD.D答案：C解析：A项分别为前元音、后元音，B项分别为前元音、央元音，D项分别为前元音、后元音。

4.A.AB.BC.CD.D答案：A解析：A项属于清擦音，B项分别为清塞音、鼻音，C项分别为鼻音、边音，D项分别为清塞音、清擦音。

5.下列关于语调和声调的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.有些语言只有语调而没有声调B.有些语言只有声调而没有语调C.有些语言既没语调也没有声调D.所有语言都既有声调也有语调答案：A解析：所有的语言都有语调，轻音现象中语言会失去原有的声调。

6.下列关于“语汇”的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.语汇是最小的有意义的语言单位B.语汇是一种语言中词的总汇C.语汇是一种语言中词和语的总汇D.语汇是一种语言中固定词组和熟语的总汇答案：C解析：词是最小的音义结合的能独立使用的语言单位，语是由词构成的固定词组或熟语，语汇是一种语言中词和语的总和。

7.下列关于一般语汇总体特点的表述中，正确的一项是【】A.构词能力强B.使用范围窄C.产生历史长D.大多很稳定答案：B解析：根据词在语汇系统中的重要程度，可以分为基本语汇和非基本语汇（一般语汇）两大类。

ACD三项都属于基本语汇的特点。

8.区分“单纯词”和“合成词”所依据的是【】A.词的音节数量B.词的语素数量C.词的音形关系D.词的地位用途答案：B解析：由一个语素构成的词叫单纯词，由两个或两个以上语素构成的词叫合成词。

9.下列各组复合词中，构词方式相同的一组是【】A.热情热烈B.证明光明C.口吃胆怯D.悦耳柔和答案：C解析：“口吃”和“胆怯”都是陈述式复合词。

绝密★考试结束前高等教育自学考试中国古代文学史（一）试题课程代码：00538请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1．《吕氏春秋》中关于原始初民歌唱的记载是（D）A．贲如，皤如，白马，翰如 B.士封羊，无血C.击石拊石，以歌《九韶》，百兽率舞D.三人操牛尾，投足以歌八阙2．《汉书·食货志》关于采诗说的记述是（A）A．“孟春之月，群居者将散，行人振木铎徇于路”B.“故天子听政，使公卿至于列士献诗，瞽献曲，史献书”C.“古者诗三千余篇，及至孔子，去其重……（成）三百五篇，孔子皆弦歌之”D.“诗者，志之所之也。

情动于中而形于言”3．《春秋》的编纂体例是(D)A．国别体 B.纪传体C.编年体D.纪事本末体4．《左传》记事的特点是(A)A．微言大义 B.辩丽恣肆C.质朴平实D.详赡生动中国古代文学史（一）试题第1页共9页5．《韩非子》说理文的特点是(D)A．气势磅礴 B.铺张扬厉C.奇幻诡谲D.冷峻峭拔6．《楚辞·九歌》的体式是(C)A．论体 B.赋体C.骚体D.七体7．东汉王逸对《离骚》题义的解释是(D)A．离骚者，犹离忧也 B.离骚者，楚古乐曲名也C.离，犹遭也；骚，忧也 D.离，别也；骚，愁也8．《新序》一书的作者是(A)A．刘向 B.刘歆C.桓宽D.桓谭9．《吴越春秋》在写作上的特点是(D?)A．笔法谨严 B.气盛情切C.各篇相对独立D.前后连贯成篇10．“梁孝王忘忧馆时豪七赋”共同的创作倾向是(B)A．切实诚挚，抒情言志 B.阿谀颂德，游戏文字C.长篇巨制，偶含劝诫 D.愤世嫉俗，质朴自然11．王褒咏物赋的代表作是(C)A．《鹏鸟赋》 B.《杨柳赋》C.《洞箫赋》D.《鹦鹉赋》12．下列汉代文人中最早从事五言诗写作的是(C)A．枚乘 B.苏武C.班固(《咏史》)D.张衡13．《古诗十九首》中感慨人生失意、功业迟滞的是（C）A．《涉江采芙蓉》 B.《迢迢牵牛星》C.《迥车驾言迈》D.《明月皎夜光》14．正始诗歌的时间断限为（B）A．汉献帝建安元年(196)至魏明帝太和六年(233)B.魏明帝青龙元年(233)至魏元帝咸熙元年(264)中国古代文学史（一）试题第2页共9页C.晋武帝泰始元年(265)至晋武帝太康元年(280)D.刘宋泰始二年(466)至梁武帝天监十二年(513)15．被钟嵘《诗品》批评为“过为峻切，讦直露才”的作家是（D）A．阮籍 B.何晏C.应璩D.嵇康16．左思的诗歌继承了建安风骨，被誉为（D）A．“弘丽妍赡” B.“文采高丽”C.“缛旨星稠”D.“文典以怨”17．“开千古平淡之宗”的诗人是（C）A．曹植 B.郭璞C.陶渊明D.谢灵运18．“竟陵八友”的主要活动时期是（B）A．元嘉时期 B.永明时期C.建安时期D.正始时期19．齐梁诗坛首屈一指的诗人是（C）A．江淹 B.沈约C.谢胱D.王融20．“北地三才”中除了邢劭、魏收外还有(C)A．庾信 B.宇文毓C.温子升D.徐陵21．叙事长诗《木兰诗》属于(D)A．吴歌 B.西曲C.南朝乐府D.北朝民歌22．下列反映作品归属的各项中，正确的是A．曹植《登楼赋》(王粲) B.王粲《洛神赋》（曹植）C.左思《三都赋》 D.江淹《芜城赋》（鲍照）23．骈赋成熟定型的时期为（D）A．东汉 B.建安C.西晋D.南朝中国古代文学史（一）试题第3页共9页24．下列关于《洛阳伽蓝记》的叙述中，正确的是A．作者郦道元（杨炫之） B.属于历史笔记（是集历史、地理、佛教为一体的名著）C.属于地理著作 D.约成书于北魏延昌、正兴间（东魏孝静帝时期）25．隋代聚集在炀帝身边的南朝文士的诗风特点是（C）A．重气质 B.重骨力C.重文采D.重思理26．陈子昂的诗论主张是（B）A．“六对”、“八对”说 B.提倡风骨和比兴C.要求诗歌补察时政D.“象外之象”说27．张若虚所属的作家群体是（C）A．初唐四杰 B.文章四友C.吴中四士D.大历十才子28．姚合诗风的特点是（D）A．清稳闲适 B.刚健爽朗C.平淡自然D.奇崛幽峭29．陆龟蒙的《野庙碑》属于（B？）A．山水游记 B.讽刺小品C.变文D.俗讲30．下列词句属于韦庄词的是（B）A．小山重叠金明灭，鬓云欲度香腮雪（温庭筠-《菩萨蛮》）B.人人尽说江南好，游人只合江南老（-《菩萨蛮》）C.问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流（南唐-李煜-《虞美人》）D.细雨梦回鸡塞远，小楼吹彻玉笙寒（【摊破浣溪沙（一名山花子）】李璟）二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。