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特殊句式和主谓一致Ⅰ.语法填空1．The famous musician，as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 8th China Flower Expo.[解析]句意：那位著名音乐家和他的学生们应邀在第八届中国花博会开幕式上演出。
本句的主语是The famous musician，是单数形式，故谓语用单数形式；他被邀请参加花博会开幕式，应用被动语态；根据the 8th China Flower Expo可知谓语动词需用过去时态，故填was invited。
[答案]was invited2．Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________essential to their development.[解析]句意：一般来说，学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。
本题中由with连接两个成分，即A with B，谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致，所以本句谓语动词应该和students' inner motivation保持一致，用单数。
本句说的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时态。
[答案]is3．Either you or one of your students ________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.[解析]由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致，所以此处谓语跟one of your students一致，用单数。
[答案]is4．A needle and thread ________(give) to her，but she could not sew the button on.[解析]句意：针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。
2018届高考语法专项主谓一致和特殊句式一主谓一致一、主谓一致的基础“3原则”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。
1．语法一致原则主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
2．就近一致原则(1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
(2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
◆There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
3．意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
◆The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．is B．are C．was D．were答案 C解析考查时态和主谓一致。
句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。
因此选C。
2．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regard B．is regardedC．are regarded D．regards答案 B解析考查主谓一致和语态。
句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。
当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C两项；cycling与regard 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。
故选B项。
3．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．who B．whereC．which D．that答案 D解析考查强调句型的判定。
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高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词—--基础篇一、名词的复数：1。
名词变复数的规则形式：1）。
一般情况下直接加s： book--——-—books cup—--—-cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加es:city——-----cities family----—families3)。
以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus———-—buses wish-———--wishes watch-—---—watches4）. 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato--—--tomatoes potato—---—-potatoes hero-—--—heroes Negroes5）. 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf--——leaves self——-selves shelf—-—-shelves life—--—lives thief-——thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man-—--men woman--—women child——--children foot-————feet tooth-——-teeth mouse—--mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer—--deer fish-—-—fish sheep---—sheep Chinese ————Chinese Japanese——-Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1）. 中、日不变：Chinese--—-Chinese Japanese———Japanese2)。
主谓一致与特殊句式主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.[名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.What the school needs are qualified teachers.(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident.(3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.The poet and writer has produced many works.(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
主谓一致1. With globalization sweeping the world, learning foreign languages will become increasingly necessary if acountry _____economically.A. will competeB. is to competeC. were to competeD. competes2. All flights ______, because of the terrible snow, so Racheal had to go to Nanjing by train.A. having been cancelledB. was cancelledC. had been cancelledD. having cancelled3. A rabbitˈs large ears ________it ________the slightest sound.A. enables；to hearB. enable；to hearingC. enables；hearingD. enable；to hear4. The writer and poet ________to give us a lecture.A. are goingB. were goingC. have beenD. is going5. Two-thirds of his time __ on chatting online, and one-third of his subjects __ below the passing line.A. is spent; areB. spends; areC. are spent; isD. spend; are6. Either you or one of your students _____to attend the meeting that is to held in our school .A. areB. isC. haveD. be7. The manuscript ________the 8th century.A. date fromB. is dated fromC. dates back toD. go back in time to8. The prices of meat ________greatly with seasons.A. variesB. variousC. varyD. variety9. Quantities of soil____ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters.A. is washed awayB. have washed awayC. was washed awayD. have been washed away10. It will be one of the nations worst affected by climate change, as________ of the country ________ below sealevel.A. two-fifth; isB. two-fifth; areC. two-fifths; isD. two-fifths; are11. It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so many innocent people.A. are blamedB. was to blameC. was blamedD. were to blame12. The traffic in Beijing will be better when Subway Line 16 ________ into service.13correct at every step.14Having a cup of tea helps to ______________________ alcohol from the body.15Unfortunately, peace talks between the two countries have ______________________.16We’d better discuss everything in detail before we ______________________ the plan.17We ______________________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.18A dozen ideas were considered before the chief architect ______________________ the design of the building.19The Internet has ______________________ big changes in the way we work.20When you need help, don’t hesitate to ______________________ me. I’m always ready to help.21You can ______________________ preparing your business plan with the information you have gathered.22Everyone can help ______________________ in the battle against air pollution by taking publictransportation.23 The house___________________(需要维修).24 A large sum ___ ___ ______ for buying new books for the library. (分配)25 Liu Xiang is the most popular sportsman in China and he ___________ his success ___________ (归功于) hiscoach.26 Lucy has been abroad for many years, but she ___________ ___________ (通信) her sister regularly.27 — Why does the lake smell terrible?— Because large quantities of water________ (pollute).28用括号中所给的提示翻译下列句子他不知道是走还是留．（whether…or…）_____．第 1 页1. 句意：随着全球化的浪潮席卷世界，如果一个国家要想在经济上竞争，学习外语将变得日益必要。
第九讲特殊句式与主谓一致考点1 强调句1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．who B．whereC．which D．that答案 D解析考查强调句型的判定。
句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。
经判断，“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。
2．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津，13) A．who B．whichC．where D．that答案 D解析考查强调句型的判定。
句意为：你等错地方了。
长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。
从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。
强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。
经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。
因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。
3．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆，9)A．while B．thoughC．that D．after答案 C解析考查强调句。
句意为：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。
本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century，故选C。
4．It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015·湖南，21)A．which B．thatC．where D．how答案 B解析考查强调句。
句意为：正是在我们快要回到家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
如果强调人，that还可以改为who，但是强调时间或者地点时只能使用that。
5．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry？(2014·四川，3)A．why B．who C．where D．that答案 D解析考查强调句的一般疑问句。
所强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。
句意为：是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的？考点归纳强调句型中的6个考查重点：1．强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?是不是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴？When was it that she changed her mind?她什么时候改变主意的？2．在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成It is/was not until...that...结构。
注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark gla sses. ＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下她的深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。
3．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。
4．强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。
我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。
It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him this morning.正是在他住的那间旅馆我今天早晨遇到的他。
5．强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和“that”原句仍然完整。
而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句则不完整。
It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)是在14点28分强烈的地震爆发了。
It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)当强烈的地震爆发时是14点28分。
6．强调句型中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?是Mary而不是你想问我那件事，是吗？考点2 倒装句1．Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏，34) A．they had encouraged B．had they encouragedC．did they encourage D．they encouraged答案 C解析考查倒装句。
句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。
根据时间状语recently可知本句应用一般过去时。
“Not until＋状语”位于句首，句子采用部分倒装语序，因此选C。
2．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津，3) A．she realized B．has she realizedC．she has realized D．did she realize答案 D解析考查倒装及动词的时态。
句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。
“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。
故答案为D。
3．________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news fr om around the world.(2014·福建，32)A．Were there B．Had there beenC．If there are D．If there have been答案 A解析考查if虚拟条件句中的倒装。
根据主句中would have to以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时。
当虚拟条件句中有had，should，were 时，可以将if去掉，然后把had，should，were提到主语前面。
考点归纳1．部分倒装结构的高考热点：(1)否定词位于句首的倒装。
表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means(决不)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until，not only，no sooner。
Never have I seen such a good performance.我从来都没见过这么好的表演。
Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist，but he also was a fairly good violinist.爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
(2)“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首的倒装。
“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时句子要用部分倒装。
(强调主语、宾语，句子不倒装)Only then did I know the truth.直到那时我才知道真相。
Only in this way can you work out this question.只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。
Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.只有他母亲回来后，他才能够去上学。
