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2020年成人高考《生态学基础》模拟试题及答案(三)

2020年成人高考《生态学基础》模拟试题及答案(三)
2020年成人高考《生态学基础》模拟试题及答案(三)

2020年成人高考《生态学基础》模拟试题及答案(三)生态学基础模拟预测试卷(三)

满分:150分时间:l50分钟

一、选择题:1~20小题。每小题2分。共40分。在每小题给出的四个选项中。只有一项是符合题目要求的,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

1.单元顶极学说中的“顶极”是指 ( )

A.气候顶极

B.偏途顶极

C.地形顶极

D.土壤顶极

2.某种群中幼体比例减少,老年个体比例增大,出生率低于死亡率。这个种群的结构类型是 ( )

A.增长型

B.稳定型

C.下降型

D.变化型

3.按演替发生的起始条件可将生物群落的演替划分为 ( )

A.水生演替、旱生演替

B.原生演替、次生演替

C.长期演替、快速演替

D.自养性演替、异养性演替

4.煤作为燃料,它所含能量来源于 ( )

A.太阳能

B.地热能

C.核能

D.潮汐能

5.下列不属于K对策的生物是 ( )

A.金丝猴

B.大熊猫

C.白鳍豚

D.细菌

6.世界生态学的研究对象是 ( )

A.世界陆地

B.世界海洋

C.整个生物圈

D.整个宇宙

7.很多鸟类迁徙和开始生殖的时间取决于 ( )

A.食物的丰缺变化

B.天气的变化

C.日照长短变化

D.降水的变化

8.小麦在我国青藏高原地区单产较高是因为 ( )

A.土壤肥沃

B.昼夜温差大

C.降雨多

D.日照时间长

9.我国森林分布区的年降水量一般在 ( )

A.1000mm左右

B.800mm以上

C.400mm以上

D.100mm以上

10.下列作物中耐碱性较强的是 ( )

A.荞麦

B.烟草

C.甘薯

D.向日葵

11.下列植物中防风水平的是 ( )

A.常绿阔叶树

B.灌木

C.针叶树

D.落叶阔叶树

12.地形因子对生物的作用主要是 ( )

A.间接作用

B.能量交换作用

C.直接作用

D.物质交换作用

13.下列不属于森林植被净化空气的方式 ( )

A.分泌杀菌素

B.强大的根系

C.光合作用

D.吸收、吸附作用

14.生理出生率是指 ( )

A.实际出生率

B.出生率

C.生态出生率

D.理论出生率

15.一般来讲,某种生物的耐性限度达到最适时的温度、湿度条件组合状况为( )。

A.高温、高湿

B.中温、高湿

C.中温、高湿

D.中温、中湿

16.蚂蚁在自然界的分布型为 ( )

A.成群分布

B.均匀分布

C.随机分布

D.带状分布

17.两种生物生活在一起时,对一方有利,对另一方无影响,两者之间的关系属于 ( )

A.原始合作

B.互利共生

C.中性作用

D.偏利作用

18.群落常规速度的特点是。 ( )

A.演替速度越来越快

B.演替速度不随时间变化

C.演替越来越慢

D.演替初始缓慢,中间阶段快,末期演替停止

19.物种频度从高到低分A、B、C、D和E五级,按饶基耶尔频度定律,不准确的是( )

A.E级越高,群落的均匀性越太

B.群落的均匀性与A级和E级的大小成正比

C.属于A级频度的种类通常是很多的

D.B、C、D级的比例增高,群落中种的分布变均匀

20.造成温室效应的原因是 ( )

A.大气中的C02和水蒸气等,让太阳辐射透过大气层到达地面,

而对其散发的长波辐射有强烈的吸收作用

B.大气中的C02和水蒸气等,让太阳辐射透过大气层到达地面,

而对其散发的短波辐射有强烈的吸收作用

C.大气中的臭氧和水蒸气等,让太阳辐射透过大气层到达地面,

而对其散发的长波辐射有强烈的吸收作用

D.大气中的臭氧和水蒸气等,让太阳辐射透过大气层到达地面,

而对其散发的短波辐射有强烈的吸收作用

二、填空题:21~40小题。每小题2分,共40分。把答案填在题中的横线上。

21.旱生植物在生理上对干旱的适合是,使其原生质渗透压____ 。

22.种群的年龄结构能够分为增长型种群、____ 和衰退型种群三

种类型。

23.群落是占有一定空间的多种生物种群的集合体,这个集合体包

括了动物、和____ 等各分类单元的种群。

24.生态系统中绿色植物通过光合作用,吸收和固定太阳能,从无

机物合成复杂的有机物的生产过程称为初级生产,或称____ 。

25.山于群落交错区生境条件的特殊性、异质性和不稳定性,增大

了交错区中物种的多样性和种群密度,增大了某些生物种的活动强度

和生产力,这个现象称为____

26.植被沿纬度或经度成水平更替分布的现象,称为植被分布的

____ 。

27.气流翻过山岭时在背风坡绝热下沉而形成的干热的风叫做

____ 。

28.水体污染包括重金属污染、水体富营养化和____ 等方面。

29.有些植物的种子经过干燥储藏仍不能发芽,是因为它们尚未通过____ 。

30.对生物起主要的、决定性作用的因子,称为主导因子,其他的因子则为____ 。31.消费者包括草食动物、肉食动物、寄生动物、腐食动物和____ 。

32.根据生态系统的能量来源、水平和数量,可把生态系统分为无补加辅助能的太阳供能自然生态系统、自然补加辅助能的太阳供能生态系统、人类补加辅助能的太阳供能生态系统、____四种类型。

33.根据物质循环的范围不同,生物地球化学循环分为地球化学循环(地质大循环)和___两种基本形式。

34.生物群落的结构分为____ 和生物结构两个方面。

35.对群落的结构和群落环境的形成有明显控制作用的植物种,称为____

36.氮离开生态系统的途径主要有燃烧、反硝化、流失、淋溶和

____ 。

37.温度低于一定的数值,生物便会因低温而受害,这个数值称为____ 。

38.世代分离种群的指数增长方程为Nt=NOλt,式中λ是____ 。

39.生物的潜伏、蛰伏或不活动状态叫____ 。

40.一些一年只繁殖一次的昆虫,假如其种群增长不受密度制约,该种群的增长力式为____ 。

三、判断题:41~50小题,每小题2分。共20分。判断下列各题的正误。准确的在题后的括号内划“√”,错误的划“×”。

41.g/(m2·a)是生产力单位。 ( )

42.夜间辐射冷却时,靠近坡面的空气冷却得快,所以山谷底部的

温度较低,山谷中上部温度较高。 ( )

43.按Logistic方程增长的种群的持续收获量是

( )

44.因为群落交错区存有于两个群落的边缘,其内部的环境条件要

比两个群落的复杂,所以生物的种类比较少。 ( )

45.生态系统的形态结构,是指生态系统中的生物种类、种群数量、种的空间配置。 ( )

46.农田生态系统处于生态系统演替的早期阶段。 ( )

47.可更新的自然资源能够长期忍受不利的环境影响,而且熊保持

一定的储量和质量。( )

48.现代生态学发展的主要特点之一是向微观和宏观发展。 ( )

49.按生物类群划分,生态学可分为个体生态学、植物生态学、动

物生态学和微生物生态学。( )

50.环境容纳量是指一定环境内种群数量。 ( )

四、简答题:51~53个小题。每小题10分。共30分。

51.简述生态系统中能量流动遵循的定律。

52.简述你对生态学含义的理解。

53.北方植物引种到南方可能遇到的不适生态因子有哪些,为什么?

五、论述题:54题。20分。

54.论述土壤微生物对生物的影响。

生态学基础模拟预测试卷(三)

参考答案及解答

一、选择题:每小题2分,共40分。

1.A

2.C

3.B

4.A

5.D

6.C

7.C

8.B

9.C 10.D

11.A 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D

16.A 17.D 18.D 19.D 20.A

二、填空题:每小题2分,共40分。

21.升高

22.稳定型种群

23.植物、微生物

24.第一性生产

25.边缘效应

26.水平地带性

27.焚风

28.热污染与油污染

29.后熟作用

30.次要因子

31.杂食动物

32.燃料供能生态系统

33.生物循环(生物小循环)

34.物理结构

35.优势种

36.挥发

37.临界温度

38.周限增长率

39.休眠

40.无密度制约的离散型种群增长

三、判断题:每小题2分,共20分。

41.√ 42.√43.× 44.× 45.√

46.√ 47.×48.√ 49.× 50.×

四、简答题:每小题10分。共30分。

51.生态系统中能量的流动和转化严格遵循热力学第一定律和热力

学第二定律。

热力学第一定律,即能量守恒定律,其含义是:能量既不能消失,也不能凭空产生,它只能以严格的当量比例,由一种形式转化为另一

种形式。所以热力学第一定律又称为能量守恒定律。

热力学第二定律,又称为能量衰变定律,或能量逸散定律。它是

指生态中的能量在转换、流动过程中总在衰变,逸散的现象;即总有一

部分能量从浓缩的有效形态变为可稀释的不能利用的形态。也就是说,在一切过程中,必然有一部分能量失去作功水平而使能质下降。

52.生态学是研究生物与环境之间相互关系及其作用机理的科学。

这里的环境包括非

生物环境和生物环境。

非生物环境是指光、温、水、营养物等理化因素;生物环境则是同

种和异种的其他有机体。

生态学强调的是有机体与环境的相互作用,有机体与环境之间的而相互作用包括同种有机体之间的种内相互作用和异种有机体之间的种间相互作用。

现代生态学家公认为生态学是研究生物与环境之间相互关系及其作用和机理的科学。

53.北方植物常形成与北方的温度和日照条件相适合的生态型。所以,引种到南方可能遇到的不适的高温、低温和积温及日照长度,使其不能生长或完成发育。

五、论述题:20分。

54.微生物是生态系统中的分解者或还原者,它们分解有机物质,释放出养分,促透土壤肥力的形成。微生物直接参与使土壤有机体中营养元素释放的有机质矿质化过程和形成腐殖质的过程。在形成土壤团粒结构方面,微生物也起着直接的和间接的作用。土壤中某些菌类还能与某些高等植物的根系形成共生体,如菌根、根瘤,它们有的能增加土壤中氮素的来源,有的能形成维生素、生长素等物质,利于植物种子发芽和根系生长。还有一些特殊的微生物,能使土壤环境得到改善而促使植物生长。

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2010年成人高考英语模拟试题 一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分。) 在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。 ()1.A. either B. fail C. decide D. try ()2.A. curtain B. paint C. sail D. straight ()3.A. country B. courage C. pronounce D. double ()4.A. carriage B. idiom C. immediate D. material ()5.A. neither B. thirsty C. through D. thousand 二、词汇与语法知识(共25小题;每题1.5分,共37.5分。) 从每个小题的四个选项中,选出最佳的一项,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括弧里。 ()6. What would you ________ to eat tonight? A. like B. wish C. want D. hope ()7. I ________ my bicycle on the left side. A. get off from B. get down C. get down from D. get off ()8. Coal ________ electricity very often. A. is used to producing B. is used to produce https://www.doczj.com/doc/7611811350.html,ed to produce D. used to producing ()9. Why can‘t you do this small _______ for me?I’ve helped you often enough in the past. A. work B. demand C. favour D. good ()10. Never _______ till tomorrow what may be done today. A. put on B. put away C. put off D. put up ()11. Mother kept inviting Mrs. Smith to stay for lunch,and finally she _______. A. gave out B. gave off C. gave in D. gave away ()12. France is ________ only European country I have visited. A. an B. a C. the D. 不填 ()13. The problem of pollution in this city is more serious than ______ in other cities. A. that B. it C. this D. those ()14. Dick found himself walking _______ the direction of the post office. A. to B. by C. along D. in ()15. _______ that we were late,we started to run. A. Know B. To know C. Knowing D. Being known ()16. This room is _______ any of the others in the building. A. the biggest than B. big as C. bigger than D. the biggest of ()17. Just think Ann got the house _______ all by herself! A. paint B. be painted

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