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圣家族大教堂（SagradaFamilia），又译作“神圣家族教堂”、简称为“圣家堂”，是西班牙建筑大师安东尼奥·高迪的毕生代表作的。
它位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区的巴塞罗那市区中心，是巴塞罗那的标志建筑始。
教堂始建于1882年，目前为止已经建设了126年，仍在在修建中。
尽管是一座未完工的建筑物，但无损于它成为世界上最著名的景点之一。
这座象征主义风格的教堂最初是由安东尼·高迪开始建造的。
高迪受到中世纪宗教的启迪，把其一生奉献给了这项工程，这座教堂长110米，高45米，有三个立面，东面代表基督的诞生，西面代表基督受难与死亡，南面象征上帝荣耀的立面是其中最大的一个，每一面均有四座高塔，共12座，献给十二使徒，名有100米高。
教堂还有四座雄伟的钟楼，每一座献给一位《福音书》作者，还有两个巨大的圆形拱顶，分别献给圣母和基督，后者高达170米，教堂地基面采用了哥特式古罗马教堂的长方形交叉通道，五个正厅由交叉通道相连接，并通向另外三间正厅、半圆室和回廊。
大师通过这种设计旨在追求一种具有震撼力的垂直感，和天与地之间及神与人之间的交汇点。
圣家族大教堂- 教堂精神建立教堂的目的在于使其成为维护社会秩序的精神支柱，同时也是城市社会活动中心，原计划不仅有教堂还有相应的学校、工厂、会议厅等等。
教堂的位置在城市规划中非常重要，是巴塞罗那的标志性建筑。
教堂最初被命名贫民教堂，曾一度改称新教堂，最后决定取名神圣家族教堂，可见其重视的程度。
圣家族大教堂是一座宏伟的天主教教堂，整体设计以大自然诸如洞穴、山脉、花草动物为灵感。
高迪曾经说：“直线属于人类，而曲线归于上帝。
”圣家族大教堂的设计完全没有直线和平面，而是以螺旋、锥形、双曲线、抛物线各种变化组合成充满韵律动感的神圣建筑。
如此宏伟的建筑，所需资金竟然全部都是依靠捐助的。
晚年的高迪陷入资金困境，曾挨家上门乞讨。
直到现在，秉承宗教奉献的精神，工程资金也只来源于门票和捐助。
圣家族大教堂的名词解释圣家族大教堂是巴塞罗那最著名的建筑之一，被誉为现代主义建筑的杰作，也是建筑师安东尼·高迪的代表作。
该教堂的正式名称是“聖家家庭聖堂和聖蘇穆逸爵聖堂”（Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família），它位于加泰罗尼亚区的埃克斯普萨诺区，是巴塞罗那最重要的旅游景点之一。
圣家族大教堂的设计于1882年开始，但至今仍未完工，预计将于2026年完工。
这是由于建筑师安东尼·高迪在其晚年任命为负责人，并投入了大部分时间、精力和财力。
高迪在设计圣家族大教堂时采用了强烈的现代主义风格，融合了其它艺术形式，使得该建筑成为了一座独特的艺术作品。
圣家族大教堂的外观充满了细节和装饰，每个部分都显示出高迪极富创造力和想象力的设计。
建筑师的目标是打造一座能够表现基督教教义和圣经故事的建筑，同时体现大自然美和人类创造力的完美结合。
教堂的立面上有三个门廊，代表着坚信、望德和爱。
门廊的装饰带有各种动植物和人物的图案，象征着生命的多样性和丰富性。
圣家族大教堂的内部同样充满了艺术和宗教意义。
它的中殿高达45米，支柱和拱形结构的设计使得内部充满了光线和空间感。
教堂内部的装饰也是高迪细致入微的设计，其中包括彩色花窗玻璃、雕塑和绘画等。
这些装饰物传达了基督教信仰的主题，同时也让参观者能够感受到宗教的庄严和美好。
除了建筑本身，圣家族大教堂的塔楼也是其特色之一。
目前已经建成的八座塔楼分为两组，代表着十二门徒和圣母玛利亚。
它们的设计独特，带有高迪所喜爱的曲线和异型的造型。
当教堂完工后，将会有18座塔楼，其中最高的将达到172.5米，成为巴塞罗那的地标之一。
圣家族大教堂作为安东尼·高迪的遗产之一，见证了这位伟大建筑师的天才和创造力。
它是巴塞罗那最重要的建筑之一，也是一座吸引着游客、建筑师和艺术爱好者的地标建筑。
虽然至今未完工，但圣家族大教堂已经在世界上享有盛誉，被评为世界文化遗产，并且吸引着数以百万计的游客从世界各地前来参观和欣赏这座建筑的美。
Milan Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Milano; Lombard: Domm de Milan)(括号内非英文可不读) is the cathedral church of Milan, Italy. Dedicated to Santa Maria Nascente (Saint Mary Nascent), it is the seat of the Archbishop of Milan, currently Cardinal Angelo Scola.The Gothic cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete. It is the fifth largest cathedral in the world and the largest in the Italian state territory.HistoryMilan's layout, with streets either radiating from the Duomo or circling it, reveals that the Duomo occupies what was the most central site in Roman Mediolanum, that of the public basilica facing the forum. Saint Ambrose's 'New Basilica' was built on this site at the beginning of the 5th century, with an adjoining basilica added in 836. The old baptistery (Battistero Paleocristiano, constructed in 335) still can be visited under the Milan Cathedral, it is one of the oldest Christian buildings in Europe. When a fire damaged the cathedral and basilica in 1075, they were later rebuilt as the Duomo. Architecture and artThe famous "Madonnina" atop the main spire of the cathedral, a baroque gilded bronze statueInterior view of the Duomo di MilanoThe plan consists of a nave with four side-aisles, crossed by a transept and then followed by choir and apse. The height of the nave is about 45 meters, the highest Gothic vaults of a complete church (less than the 48 meters of Beauvais Cathedral, which was never completed).The roof is open to tourists (for a fee), which allows many a close-up view of some spectacular sculpture that would otherwise be unappreciated. The roof of the cathedral is renowned for the forest of openwork pinnacles and spires, set upon delicate flying buttresses.The cathedral's five broad naves, divided by 40 pillars, are reflected in the hierarchic openings of the façade. Even the transepts have aisles. The nave columns are 24.5 metres (80 ft) high, and the apsidal windows are 20.7 x 8.5 metres (68 x 28 feet). The huge building is of brick construction, faced with marble from the quarries which Gian Galeazzo Visconti donated in perpetuity to the cathedral chapter. Its maintenance and repairs are very complicated.Milan’s cathedral has recently developed a new lighting system, based on LED lights.St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri; Italian: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano) is a Late Renaissance church located within Vatican City.Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture and remains one of the largest churches in the world. While it is neither the mother church of the Roman Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome, St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic sites. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom".By Roman Catholic tradition, the basilica is the burial site of its namesake Saint Peter, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and, also according to tradition, the first Bishop of Rome and therefore first in the line of the papal succession. Tradition and some historical evidence hold that Saint Peter's tomb is directly below the altar of the basilica. For this reason, many Popes have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period. There has been a church on this site since the time of Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica, replacing the Old St. Peter's Basilica of the 4th century, began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626. St. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage, for its liturgical functions. Because of its location in the Vatican, the Pope presides at a number of services throughout the year, drawing audiences of 15,000 to over 80,000 people, either within the Vatican Basilica, or in St. Peter's Square. St. Peter's has many strong historical associations, with the Early Christian church, the papacy, the Protestant Reformation and Counter-reformation, and with numerous artists, most significantly Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age. St. Peter's is one of the four churches of Rome that hold the rank of Major Basilica. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral as it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the Pope (as Bishop of Rome) is located in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran.Crepuscular rays （曙暮辉光）are regularly seen in St. Peter's Basilica at certain times each day.（下方图片配字说明）。
