动词的时态语态

第 1 页 动词的时态语态

依据学校英语教学新课标的要求，同学主要把握五种动词基本时态〔一般如今时、一般过去时、如今进行时、如今完成时、一般讲来时〕，理解三种时态〔过去进行时、过去完成时、过去讲来时〕，共计八种时态：

一：如今范畴的时态：

1. 一般如今时：

标志词语：always, often, usually, sometimes, never,

every day/week/month/year, on Sundays，once a day/week/month

year…,in the morning …，how often 等 考点：

1〕表如今、过去的常常性或习惯性动作或状态

We have meals three times a day.

He is always ready to help others.

2〕表达永久的真理。

The teacher told us the earth __________ (travel) around

the sun.

★温馨提示：1) 在以here, there开头的句子中用一般如今时替代如今进行时

Here _________(come) the bus.

Listen! There _______(go) the bell.

2) 肯定要把握三单动词改变规律

2. 如今进行时：如今进行时是由助动词be (am, is, are)+ 第 2 页 动词-ing 形式构成的，用来表示如今或现阶段正在进行的动作。

标志词语：Look! Listen! while, now，these days, at this

moment等时间状语 He ____________ (read) a newspaper, while he

______________(wait) for buses. My hometown

__________________ (become/get) richer and richer.

--What are you doing these days? ----I ____________

(write) a novel.

-- Where’s Tom? -- He _______(help) his dad wash the car

over there under the tree. ★温馨提示

1) always 用于将来时含有情感颜色。

He __________ always __________(complain) to me. (埋怨)

He _______always _____________(think )of others first.

(欣赏)

2) 表感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如：see, hear, smell,

taste, notice, seem, hate, like, love, want, wish 等不用进行时

I ___________(want) to visit the Great Wall.

I __________(live) in Jinan now.

This kind of fruit _____________(smell) terrible but

_____________( taste) sweet. He ________(not, like) the

teacher at all.

3〕表理解、记忆、 拥有、确定的动词，如forget, remember, 第 3 页 understand, believe, know, decide，have, has, own, belong等，不用进行时

Now I still __________(remember) what he said.

3. 如今完成时：构成have/has+过去分词；其疑问句是把have/has提至句首，否认式是在have/has后面加not。

标志状词语： already, yet, ever, never, before, since…，in/during the past/last…, so far=up to now=by now, just,

recently, all one’s life, ever since，since then 考点：

The old man __________(live) in this village since he

_______(be) 3 years old. By now, we _____________(learn)

thousands of words.

So far, he _________________(visit) the island 5 times.

In the last 2 years, many people ________________(buy)

personal cars.

He’s already put the rubbish into the dustbin. (一般疑问句) (否认句)

→__________ he __________ the rubbish into the

dustbin_________?

→He _______ _________ the rubbish into the dustbin

_________.

He left his hometown 3 years ago. He hasn’t come back

yet. (同义句) 第 4 页 A〕He ___________ _____________ _____________ from his

hometown for 3 years.

B〕3 years __________ ___________ ___________ he

___________ his hometown. Mr Smith died 35 years ago. (同义句)

A〕Mr Smith __________ ___________ _____________ for 35

years.

B〕___________ ___________ 35 years ____________ Mr Smith

___________. ★温馨提示：1) 连续性动词与非连续性动词在如今完成时中的使用

连续性动词：be, have, know, live, work, study, learn,

teach, speak, talk, draw，wait，wear，walk, sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

例如：Uncle Wang has worked here for 10 years.

非连续性动词：come ,go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close,

leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

常见的非连续性动词与连续性动词转换如下：

come--- be；leave---be away；come to---be in/at；go

out---be out；begin/start ---be on； buy---have；borrow---keep；die—be dead；join --- be a member of/be a…member；catch a 第 5 页 cold---have a cold；get/fall ill/sick --- be ill/sick；become

a teacher---be a teacher；fall asleep---be asleep；go/get to

sleep---sleep；marry --- be married；end/finish---be over

2) have/has been to，have/has gone to与have/has been in的区分

have/has been to意思是―去过某地‖ eg. He has been to

America many times.

have/has gone to意思是―去了某地‖ eg. ---Where is your

mother? –She has gone to the shop.

have/has been in +地点+表示段的时间状语，意思是“在某地已经停留了〔多长时间〕”。

eg. She went to Shanghai last week. She has been there

for mort than a week.

3) 几组易混淆的词

1) already与yet : already通常用于确定句中 , yet用于疑问句, 否认句中

2) ever与never: ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否认句中多用于完成时态。 --- Have you ever traveled around the world?

--- No, not ever.

never意为“从来没有，从未”，常与before连用。

I have never been late for school before.

3) before与ago: before在完成时中常与ever，never连用， 第 6 页 I have never been there before.

ago常用于一般过去时，但在与since引导的词组或句子中，主句用完成时。 eg. He has lived here since he was born.

4) for与since：“for+一段时间”；since与表示过去的某一时间点词组或句子连用， 考点：

I _____________(teach) here since I came to Jinan.

His father _____________(work) in the factory for 20

years.

The old man ________________(live) in the village all his

life.

__________ you ___________ (pack) your suitcase yet?

We’ll leave in a minute. --- Have the guests arrived? --- Yes.