机械系毕业设计外文翻译原文农机

机械外文文献翻译Overall position of Agricultural Mechanization inTurkeyAgricultural equipment and machinery are the indispensable part of agricultural activities. If these instruments, which are used in various stages of production, are not used properly, there may be some problems. So, how can we use them properly ? As the proverb goes, “It is the want of care that makes the field bare”. They return the money and efforts invested in them if they are maintained well.Ploughs, which were being used in our country up until recently, resemble those ploughs of the various tribes that lived in Anatolia long time ago. It is becauseone society gets use of societies that lived before. Some of the black ploughs that were being used up until recently resemble the ploughs that had been used in the ancient Rome.The first agricultural school was established in the Ottoman Empire in 1846. The first domestic heavy ploughs was manufactured i n Izmir 90 years ago, andtractor was introduced 80 years ago. However, it was only the foundation of the Republic that the tractor began to be used in agricultural activities. Agricultural mobilization began with modern agricultural practices in the Atatürk Forest Farm, which was founded by the Great Atatürk. Use of modern agricultura l equipment was encouraged,workshops and factories were established, and agricultural machinery was manufactured. Introduction of tractor and particularly its use in agricultural production began in 1938. In those years, tractor use in State Production Farms increased, and farmers recognized the benefits of tractor in agricultural productivity and labor. State production farms became places which clearly showed the importance of agricultural mechanization.Agricultural mechanization is a production technology which enables the appropriate use of energy and equipment required for high production in agricultural area.Warehousing, transporting and marketing the products have become faster and more economic with the help of agricultural mechanization.Tractor is the basic equipment that enables the use of other agricultural equipment. These equipment items are also produced in Turkey. As tractor and other mechanization equipment are expensive, they should be used in a way to achieve the highest productivity and managed by informed and efficient people.Agricultural production in Turkey is Cereal-BasedAgricultural production in Turkey is cereal-based. There are serious nutrition problems in more than the half of the developing countries. Every year, millions of people die of hunger. For this reason, agricultural production is highly important. Turkey is out of it’s available planting areas. They do not have any new places left for plantation. The only thing they can do is to increase productivity. Inorder to increase productivity, they need to use some imputs. The only way to increase these inputs such as fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation and high quality seedling is agricultural mechanization. It is achieved through ploughing the soil in the right time, planting with a particular plantation row and particular distance in order to utilize equally from all parts of soil, applying chemicals and fertilizers at the requested time and amount, harvesting in a short period and without loss of any grains, and storing the product.Necessary support is given to Turkey’s companiesAgricultural mechanization tools are expensive. However, if they are maintained well and used economically, they return their cost. State provides some opportunities such as low-interest rates for the procurement of Agricultural Mechanization Machineries. The equipment and machinery, which can be purchased with credits, are examined by theunits established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to be approved for the agricultural technique. In these institutions, allkinds of tools and machinery, including tractors, go under various tests. It is determined if these machines are appropriate for Turkey’s environment. Necessary support is given to Turkey’s companies and farmers in order to remove the deficiencies determined.As for the maintenance of these equipment and machinery, it is agreat chance that via the improvement of technology, Turkey’s producers are provided withopportunities that will help them in agricultural activities. According to researches,if the maintenance of a machine is done right and on time, purchasing cost decreasedby 1/5.农业机械化在土耳其的整体地位农业设备和机械在农业活动中是不可或缺的组成部分。

农业机械方面英语作文英文：Agricultural machinery plays a crucial role in modern farming. It helps farmers to increase efficiency, reduce labor costs, and improve productivity. There are various types of agricultural machinery, such as tractors, harvesters, plows, and seeders, each designed for specific tasks in the farming process.For example, tractors are commonly used for plowing, tilling, and planting. They come in different sizes and horsepower to accommodate different farm sizes and tasks. Harvesters, on the other hand, are used for harvesting crops such as wheat, corn, and rice. These machines can significantly reduce the time and labor required for harvesting, making the process much more efficient.In addition to traditional machinery, modern technology has also brought about the development of precisionagriculture equipment. These include GPS-guided tractorsand drones for crop monitoring. These technologies enable farmers to make more precise and efficient use of resources, leading to higher yields and reduced environmental impact.Overall, agricultural machinery has revolutionized the way farming is done, making it more efficient and productive. It has allowed farmers to scale theiroperations and meet the growing demand for food worldwide.中文：农业机械在现代农业中扮演着至关重要的角色。

外文文献：STUDY RELATING TO FORMULATING LONG-TERM MECHANIZATION STRATEGY FOR EACH AGRO CLIMATIC ZONE/STATE IN INDIA题目：Need for Farm Mechanization专业：农业机械化及其自动化班级：0801班姓名：王根旺外文原文：INTRODUCTIONThe productivity of farms depends greatly on the availability and judicious use of farm power by the farmers. Agricultural implements and machines enable the farmers to employ the power judiciously for production purposes. Agricultural machines increase productivity of land and labour by meeting timeliness of farm operations and increase work out-put per unit time. Besides its paramount contribution to the multiple cropping and diversification of agriculture , mechanization also enables efficient utilisation of inputs such as seeds, fertilisers and irrigation water.The Technology Development Advisory Group Constituted by the Directorate General of Technical Development, in its industry monograph on agricultural machinery, observed that the usage of a seed-cumfertiliser drill does not just conserve energy but also saves around 20% of seeds and also increases the yield by 15% through better placement and more effective utilisation of fertilisers and seeds.ROLE AND PROGRESS OF MECHANIZATIONMechanization in Indian agriculture started with the establishment of the Central Tractor Organisation (CTO) mainly for land reclamation and development, mechanical cultivation and reduction of sanccharum spontanium (Kans).The production of irrigation pumps and diesel engines started during 1930s. The manufacture of tractors and power tillers started in 1960. Since then by the virtue of its inherent edge over the conventional means of farming, agricultural mechanization has been gaining popularity. The increased use of farm machines has found expression in the phenomenal expansion of cropped area and cropping intensity and the country’s agricultural production on all fronts. The shift has also helped in diversification of agriculture from conventional crops to commercial crops.The programmes of farm mechanization have resulted in adoption of farm machinery such as tractors, power tillers, combine harvesters, irrigation equipment, plant protection equipment, threshers, improved implements and hand tools. However the country still lags behind in terms of the available number of tractors per thousand hectares. In terms of density of tractors per thousand hectares, India not only lags behind the developed countries but also some of the developing countries of the world, especially a few of the neighbouring ones. The trend of sale of tractors over the years indicates a rising acceptance of agricultural machines and equipment with the Indian farmers. The use of different types of farm machinery including hand tools, animal-drawn implements, threshers, plantprotection equipment, diesel/electric pump sets etc. has been accelerating over the past several years; as a result of which the total power available per unit area on farms has also increased.翻译文章：引言农场的生产力在很大程度上取决于农民是否能明智地利用农业机械以及农业机械的可用性。

中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：孙亚鑫学号： 052116222015 年 4 月 1 日外文原文No-tillage drillIt is a significative mission for the persons majoring in agriculture mechanics to spread conservation agriculture, especially in the region adopting the double cropping mode. The culture condition in these areas gives some special problem to drill. For example, it is pressing to plant wheat as the follow course of maize; At that time the stalks cover is so heavy and the stalks are so flexile that the block is serious; The bushy maize root makes the earth surface too rough to drill in the no-tillage procedure; And seed bareness is familiar when adopting machines with gravity-root-broken mechanisms, etc. Presently, most native or foreign no-tillage drill can not finish the work smoothly. Designing and manufacturing row-controlled no-tillage wheat drill have been recited in this article based on the analysis and studies of the intention and principles of the conservation tillage.Nowadays the core problem is anti-blocking in the research and design of no-tillage planters domestic and abroad. Although many agricultural machine experts have made some progress, the anti-blocking problem is not solved in grain. Based on it, through classifying and analyzing the anti-blocking equipment used by no-tillage planters and its principle, contrasting their respective strongpoint and shortcoming, in the light of the mulching stalk property and the contrast of two kinds of cutting methods, the radical theory and general framework project of the sliding cutting type anti-blocking equipment are worked out.A new-concept of no-till wheat planter, named 2BMD-12 no-till row-follow wheat planter, had been developed by China Agricultural University to solve an extremely important problem which is zero tillage planting of wheat in narrow row spacing (150-200mm) between rows of very high-levels full length, standing maize stubble in one pass in the double cropping situation of North China. A powered rotary strip-chopping unit was placed forward of each single row of planter tines to ensure that the above-ground section of the planter tine is kept free from residue blockage. Field performance test of the machine demonstrated that it could be a good choice to work effectively for much of the time under more diffcult residue conditions than that most other planters could tolerate especially when it follows well between the standing maize stubble rows.But there are still some problems existing for the rotary strip-chopping unit, planting unit and ground wheels etc. The thesis focused on improving the design of the machine to solve these problems.(1)The strip-chopping axis was redesigned to reduce vibration and power consumption by adjusting the arrangement of the knives and on the basis of analyzing the forces on the axis. The improved machine can adapt to maize row spacing from 500mm to 700mm.(2)More improvements were done on the planning unit focusing on the blockage and depth control issues. A new anti-blockage mechanism, which combines the powered chopping and disc opener, was designed and tested. Fertilizer was applied using the narrow tine opener with chopping unit in front of each tine; while a double disc opener, which is proved to have highresidue handling capacity, was installed right behind each tine to seed into the fertilizer furrow. This new design reduced the blockage between planting units. Meanwhile seeding depth of each row can be controlled separately by the ground feeling mechanism on each double-disc opener.So do the mode analysis in the finite element analysis software ANSYS and make appropriate remedy for the main frame and the main shaft. Get a compact firm steady model in the software interface.The block can be eliminated when the knives of pulverizes run through the abutted furrow opener stems. The problem of rough seeding bed is avoided in the use of row controlled method. It is more appropriate to the definition of conservative tillage for disturbing less soil. Seeding and fertilization can be finished in the single course in the field with average cover degree of 4kg/㎡. and all maize standing. It can save time, increase soil fertility, lessen the working procedure to use the drill. Finally, it will reduce the agriculture input.外文资料翻译译文免耕播种机在我国广大一年两熟地区大力推广保护性耕作是目前该地区农机工作者的重要任务之一，其意义深远。

毕业设计（论文）译文英文题目：アフリカ・サブサハラ地域に適合した小型農業機械の改良開発汉语题目：适合撒哈拉沙漠以南小型农机械的改良开发学院：机械工程学院专业年级：机械设计制造及其自动化06 姓名：朴虎男班级学号：3-8 指导教师：李海连二Ｏ一Ｏ年三月二十日适合撒哈拉沙漠以南的小型农业机械的改良开发姓名（籍贯）：辻本壽之（东京）学位记录号码：博乙第2252号学位授予日：平成19 年1 月31 日学位授予的必要条件：学位规则第4条第2项审查研究科：生命环境科学院研究科主审筑波大学教授農学博士佐竹隆顕副审筑波大学教授博士（農学）山口智治副审筑波大学教授農学博士久島繁副审筑波大学教授 Ph. D. 渡邉和男从1950年到1960年代非洲各国独立后，新出台的政府从先进国家引进了大型农业机械从而推进了近代化农业政策。

而现在，许多非洲国家的农业方面的机械并没有顺利的管理，在这种没有解决经济、技术问题的前提下为了使用欧美型机械化的农业生产，有很多欧美型机械化的农业生产出现崩溃现象。

在其中也有使用拖拉机，拖拉机的利使得天水地区的小规模务农者变成了农田借租合同的情况，小规模务农者被经济所严加管束，从而导致务农者的工作环境无法得到改善。

虽然先进国家扩大了对非洲各国经济的合作及援助的投资，但是如果没有对实际承担农业生产的小规模务农者的支援可想而知非洲各国是无法得到真正的发展。

本研究是以改善非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区的小规模务农者的工作环境为目标，农业状态调查是把正确的技术转移到农业经营生产规模的前提，把它在同地区进行的农业调查的同时，通过以改良和开发的方式期待能够得到减轻经济负担和劳动承受力的小型农业机械，本研究归纳了开发改良的小型农业机械技术正确转移的提议。

首先，核实非洲各国独立后执行的欧美农业机械化政策，非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区的所包含的社会背景，各国政府基于急早的开发计划导入近代的农业技术引发的问题点，致力于农业机械化的倾向与从先进国家引进的拖拉机在农业方面的利用情况，及表示出了小规模务农者的营农情况，概括的讨论了非洲各国一般性的小规模务农者所承担的问题点。

中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：黄晓鹏学号： 052116322015 年 4 月 28 日外文资料翻译译文公元前1世纪，中国已推广使用耧，这是世界上最早的条播机具，今仍在北方旱作区应用。

1636年在希腊制成第一台播种机。

1830 年俄国人在畜力多铧犁上制成犁播机。

1860年后，英美等国开始大量生产畜力谷物条播机。

20世纪后相继出现了牵引和悬挂式谷物条播机，以及运用气力排种的播种机。

50年代发展精密播种机。

中国从20世纪50年代引进了谷物条播机、棉花播种机等。

60年代先后研制成悬挂式谷物播种机、离心式播种机、通用机架播种机和气吸式播种机等多种类型，并研制成磨纹式排种器。

到70年代，已形成播种中耕通用机和谷物联合播种机两个系列，同时研制成功了精密播种机。

欧洲第一台播种机于1636年在希腊制成。

1830年，俄国人在畜力多铧犁上加装播种装置制成犁播机。

英、美等国在1860年以后开始大量生产畜力谷物条播机。

20世纪以后相继出现了牵引和悬挂式谷物条播机，以及运用气力排种的播种机。

1958年挪威出现第一台离心式播种机，50年代以后逐步发展各种精密播种机。

中国在20世纪50年代从国外引进谷物条播机、棉花播种机等，60年代先后研制成功悬挂式谷物播种机、离心式播种机、通用机架播种机和气吸式播种机等多种机型,并研制成功了磨纹式排种器。

到70年代,已形成播种中耕通用机和谷物联合播种机两个系列并投入生产。

供谷物、中耕作物、牧草、蔬菜用的各种条播机和穴播机都已得到推广使用。

与此同时，还研制成功了多种精密播种机。

播种机的使用方法播种机具有播种均匀、深浅一致、行距稳定、覆土良好、节省种子、工作效率高等特点。

正确使用播种机应注意掌握以下10要点：1 进田作业前的保养要清理播种箱内的杂物和开沟器上的缠草、泥土，确保状态良好，并对拖拉机及播种机的各传动、转动部位，按说明书的要求加注润滑油，尤其是每次作业前要注意传动链条润滑和张紧情况以及播种机上螺栓的紧固情况。

机械类毕业设计外文翻译、毕业设计（论文）外译文题目：轴承的摩擦与润滑10 月 15 日外文文献原文：Friction , Lubrication of BearingIn many of the problem thus far , the student has been asked to disregard or neglect friction . Actually , friction is present to some degree whenever two parts are in contact and move on each other. The term friction refers to the resistance of two or more parts to movement.Friction is harmful or valuable depending upon where it occurs. friction is necessary for fastening devices such as screws and rivets which depend upon friction to hold the fastener andthe parts together. Belt drivers, brakes, and tires are additional applications where friction is necessary.The friction of moving parts in a machine is harmful because it reduces the mechanical advantage of the device. The heat produced by friction is lost energy because no work takes place. Also , greater power is required to overcome the increased friction. Heat is destructive in that it causes expansion. Expansion may cause a bearing or sliding surface to fit tighter. If a great enough pressure builds up because made from low temperature materials may melt.There are three types of friction which must be overcome in moving parts: (1)starting, (2)sliding, and(3)rolling. Starting friction is the friction between two solids that tend to resist movement. When two parts are at a state of rest, the surface irregularities of both parts tend to interlock and form a wedging action. T o produce motion in these parts, the wedge-shaped peaks and valleys of the stationary surfaces must be made to slide out and over each other. The rougher the two surfaces, the greater is starting friction resulting from their movement .Since there is usually no fixed pattern between the peaks and valleys of two mating parts, the irregularities do not interlock once the parts are in motion but slide over each other. The friction of the two surfaces is known as sliding friction. As shown in figure ,starting friction is always greater than sliding friction .Rolling friction occurs when roller devces are subjected to tremendous stress which cause the parts to change shape or deform. Under these conditions, the material in front of a roller tends to pile up and forces the object to roll slightly uphill. This changing of shape , known as deformation, causes a movement of molecules. As a result ,heat is produced from the addedenergy required to keep the parts turning and overcome friction.The friction caused by the wedging action of surface irregularities can be overcome partly by the precision machining of the surfaces. However, even these smooth surfaces may require the use of a substance between them to reduce the friction still more. This substance is usually a lubricant which provides a fine, thin oil film. The film keeps the surfaces apart and prevents the cohesive forces of the surfaces from coming in close contact and producing heat .Another way to reduce friction is to use different materials for the bearing surfaces and rotating parts. This explains why bronze bearings, soft alloys, and copper and tin iolite bearings are used with both soft and hardened steel shaft. The iolite bearing is porous. Thus, when the bearing is dipped in oil, capillary action carries the oil through the spaces of the bearing. This type of bearing carries its own lubricant to the points where the pressures are the greatest.Moving parts are lubricated to reduce friction, wear, and heat. The most commonly used lubricants are oils, greases, and graphite compounds. Each lubricant serves a different purpose. The conditions under which two moving surfaces are to work determine the type of lubricant to be used and the system selected for distributing the lubricant.On slow moving parts with a minimum of pressure, an oil groove is usually sufficient to distribute the required quantity of lubricant to the surfaces moving on each other .A second common method of lubrication is the splash system in which parts moving in a reservoir of lubricant pick up sufficient oil which is then distributed to all moving parts during each cycle. This system is used in the crankcase of lawn-mower engines to lubricate the crankshaft, connecting rod ,and parts of the piston.A lubrication system commonly used in industrial plants is the pressure system. In this system, a pump on a machine carries the lubricant to all of the bearing surfaces at a constant rate and quantity.There are numerous other systems of lubrication and a considerable number of lubricants available for any given set of operating conditions. Modern industry pays greater attention to the use of the proper lubricants than at previous time because of the increased speeds, pressures, and operating demands placed on equipment and devices.Although one of the main purposes of lubrication is reduce friction, any substance-liquid , solid , or gaseous-capable of controlling friction and wear between sliding surfaces can be classed as a lubricant.V arieties of lubricationUnlubricated sliding. Metals that have been carefully treated to remove all foreign materials seize and weld to one another when slid together. In the absence of such a high degree of cleanliness, adsorbed gases, water vapor ,oxides, and contaminants reduce frictio9n and the tendency to seize but usually result in severe wear; this is called “unlubricated ”or dry sliding.Fluid-film lubrication. Interposing a fluid film that completely separates the sliding surfaces results in fluid-film lubrication. The fluid may be introduced intentionally as the oil in the main bearing of an automobile, or unintentionally, as in the case of water between a smooth tuber tire and a wet pavement. Although the fluid is usually a liquid such as oil, water, and a wide。

毕业设计论文外文资料原文及译文学院：机电工程学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化班级：学号：姓名：Mechanical engineering1.The porfile of mechanical engineeringEngingeering is a branch of mechanical engineerig,it studies mechanical and power generation especially power and movement.2.The history of mechanical engineering18th century later periods,the steam engine invention has provided a main power fountainhead for the industrial revolution,enormously impelled each kind of mechznical biting.Thus,an important branch of a new Engineering – separated from the civil engineering tools and machines on the branch-developed together with Birmingham and the establishment of the Associantion of Mechanical Engineers in 1847 had been officially recognized.The mechanical engineering already mainly used in by trial and error method mechanic application technological development into professional engineer the scientific method of which in the research,the design and the realm of production used .From the most broad perspective,the demend continuously to enhance the efficiencey of mechanical engineers improve the quality ofwork,and asked him to accept the history of the high degree of education and training.Machine operation to stress not only economic but also infrastructure costs to an absolute minimun.3.The field of mechanical engineeringThe commodity machinery development in the develop country,in the high level material life very great degree is decided each kind of which can realize in the mechanical engineering.Mechanical engineers unceasingly will invent the machine next life to produce the commodity,unceasingly will develop the accuracy and the complexity more and more high machine tools produces the machine.The main clues of the mechanical development is:In order to enhance the excellent in quality and reasonable in price produce to increase the precision as well as to reduce the production cost.This three requirements promoted the complex control system development.The most successful machine manufacture is its machine and the control system close fusion,whether such control system is essentially mechanical or electronic.The modernized car engin production transmission line(conveyer belt)is a series of complex productions craft mechanizationvery good example.The people are in the process of development in order to enable further automation of the production machinery ,the use of a computer to store and handle large volumes of data,the data is a multifunctional machine tools necessary for the production of spare parts.One of the objectives is to fully automated production workshop,three rotation,but only one officer per day to operate.The development of production for mechanical machinery must have adequate power supply.Steam engine first provided the heat to generate power using practical methods in the old human,wind and hydropower,an increase of engin .New mechanical engineering industry is one of the challenges faced by the initial increase thermal effciency and power,which is as big steam turbine and the development of joint steam boilers basically achieved.20th century,turbine generators to provide impetus has been sustained and rapid growth,while thermal efficiency is steady growth,and large power plants per kW capital consumption is also declining.Finally,mechanical engineers have nuclear energy.This requires the application of nuclear energy particularly high reliability and security,which requires solving many new rge power plants and the nuclear power plant control systems have become highly complex electroonics,fluid,electricity,water and mechanical parts networks All in all areas related to the mechanical engineers.Small internal combustion engine,both to the type (petrol and diesel machines)or rotary-type(gas turbines and Mong Kerr machine),as well as their broad application in the field of transport should also due to mechanical enginerrs.Throughout the transport,both in the air and space,or in the terrestrial and marine,mechanial engineers created a variety of equipment and power devices to their increasing cooperation with electrical engineers,especially in the development of appropration control systems.Mechanical engineers in the development of military weapons technology and civil war ,needs a similar,though its purpose is to enhance rather than destroy their productivity.However.War needs a lot of resources to make the area of techonlogy,many have a far-reaching development in peacetime efficiency.Jet aircraft and nuclear reactors are well known examples.The Biological engineering,mechanical engineering biotechnology is a relatively new and different areas,it provides for the replacement of the machine or increase thebody functions as well as for medical equipment.Artficial limbs have been developed and have such a strong movement and touch response function of the human body.In the development of artificial organ transplant is rapid,complex cardiac machines and similar equipment to enable increasingly complex surgery,and injuries and ill patients life functions can be sustained.Some enviromental control mechanical engineers through the initial efforts to drainage or irrigation pumping to the land and to mine and ventilation to control the human environment.Modern refrigeration and air-conditioning plant commonaly used reverse heat engine,where the heat from the engine from cold places to more external heat.Many mechanical engineering products,as well as other leading technology development city have side effects on the environment,producing noise,water and air pollution caused,destroyed land and landscape.Improve productivity and diver too fast in the commodity,that the renewable naturalforces keep pace.For mechanical engineers and others,environmental control is rapidly developing area,which includes a possible development and production of small quantities of pollutants machine sequnce,and the development of new equipment and teachnology has been to reduce and eliminate pollution.4.The role of mechanical engineeringThere are four generic mechanical engineers in common to the above all domains function.The 1st function is the understanding and the research mechanical science foundation.It includes the power and movement of the relationship dynamics For example,in the vibration and movement of the relationship;Automatic control;Study of the various forms of heart,energy,power relations between the thermodynamic;Fluidflows; Heat transfer; Lubricant;And material properties.The 2nd function will be conducts the research,the desing and the development,this function in turn attempts to carry on the essential change to satisfy current and the future needs.This not only calls for a clear understanding of mechanical science,and have to breakdown into basic elements of a complex system capacity.But also the need for synthetic and innovative inventions.The 3rd function is produces the product and the power,include plan,operation and maintenance.Its goal lies in the maintenance eitherenhances the enterprise or the organization longer-tern and survivabilaty prestige at the same time,produces the greatest value by the least investments and the consumption.The 4th function is mechanical engineer’s coordinated function,including the management,the consultation,as well as carries on the market marking in certain situation.In all these function,one kind unceasingly to use the science for a long time the method,but is not traditional or the intuition method tendency,this is a mechanical engineering skill aspect which unceasingly grows.These new rationalization means typical names include:The operations research,the engineering economics,the logical law problem analysis(is called PABLA) However,creativity is not rationalization.As in other areas,in mechanical engineering,to take unexpected and important way to bring about a new capacity,still has a personal,marked characteristice.5.The design of mechanical engineeringThe design of mechanical is the design has the mechanical property the thing or the system,such as:the instrument and the measuring appliance in very many situations,the machine design must use the knowledge of discipline the and so on mathematics,materials science and mechanics.Mechanical engineering desgin includeing all mechanical desgin,but it was a study,because it also includes all the branches of mechsnical engineering,such as thermodynamics all hydrodynamics in the basic disciplines needed,in the mechanical engineering design of the initial stude or mechanical design.Design stages.The entire desgin process from start to finish,in the process,a demand that is designed for it and decided to do the start.After a lot of repetition,the final meet this demand by the end of the design procees and the plan.Design considerations.Sometimes in a system is to decide which parts needs intensity parts of geometric shapesand size an important factor in this context that we must consider that the intensity is an important factor in the design.When we use expression design considerations,we design parts that may affect the entire system design features.In the circumstances specified in the design,usually for a series of such functions must be taken into account.Howeever,to correct purposes,we should recognize that,in many cases thedesign of important design considerations are not calculated or test can determine the components or systems.Especially students,wheen in need to make important decisions in the design and conduct of any operation that can not be the case,they are often confused.These are not special,they occur every day,imagine,for example,a medical laboratory in the mechanical design,from marketing perspective,people have high expectations from the strength and relevance of impression.Thick,and heavy parts installed together:to produce a solid impression machines.And sometimes machinery and spare parts from the design style is the point and not the other point of view.Our purpose is to make those you do not be misled to believe that every design decision will needreasonable mathematical methods.Manufacturing refers to the raw meterials into finished products in the enterprise.Create three distinct phases.They are:input,processing exprot.The first phase includes the production of all products in line with market needs essential.First there must be the demand for the product,the necessary materials,while also needs such as energy,time,human knowledge and technology resourcess .Finall,the need for funds to obtain all the other resources. Lose one stage after the second phase of the resources of the processes to be distributed.Processing of raw materials into finished products of these processes.To complete the design,based on the design,and then develop plans.Plan implemented through various production processes.Management of resources and processes to ensure efficiency and productivity.For example,we must carefully manage resources to ensure proper use of funds.Finally,people are talking about the product market was cast.Stage is the final stage of exporting finished or stage.Once finished just purchased,it must be delivered to the users.According to product performance,installation and may have to conduct further debugging in addition,some products,especially those very complex products User training is necessary.6.The processes of materials and maunfacturingHere said engineering materials into two main categories:metals and non-ferrous,high-performance alloys and power metals.Non-metallic futher divided into plastice,synthetic rubber,composite materials and ceramics.It said the productionproccess is divided into several major process,includingshape,forging,casting/ founding,heat treatment,fixed/connections ,measurement/ quality control and materal cutting.These processes can be further divide into each other’s craft.Various stages of the development of the manufacturing industry Over the years,the manufacturing process has four distinct stages of development, despite the overlap.These stages are:The first phase is artisanal,the second Phase is mechanization.The third phase is automation the forth Phase is integrated.When mankind initial processing of raw materials into finished products will be,they use manual processes.Each with their hands and what are the tools manuslly produced.This is totally integrated production take shape.A person needs indentification,collection materials,the design of a product to meet that demand,the production of such products and use it.From beginning to end,everything is focused on doing the work of the human ter in the industrial revolution introduced mechanized production process,people began to use machines to complete the work accomplished previously manual. This led to the specialization.Specialization in turn reduce the manufacture of integrated factors.In this stage of development,manufacturing workers can see their production as a whole represent a specific piece of the part of the production process.One can not say that their work is how to cope with the entire production process,or how they were loaded onto a production of parts finished.Development of manufacting processes is the next phase of the selection process automation.This is a computer-controlled machinery and processes.At this stage,automation island began to emerge in the workshop lane.Each island represents a clear production process or a group of processes.Although these automated isolated island within the island did raise the productivity of indivdual processes,but the overall productivity are often not change.This is because the island is not caught in other automated production process middle,but not synchronous with them .The ultimate result is the efficient working fast parked through automated processes,but is part of the stagnation in wages down,causing bottlenecks.To better understand this problem,you can imagine the traffic in the peak driving a red light from the red Service Department to the next scene. Occasionally you will find a lot less cars,more than being slow-moving vehicles,but the results can be found by thenext red light Brance.In short you real effect was to accelerate the speed of a red Department obstruction offset.If you and other drivers can change your speed and red light simultaneously.Will advance faster.Then,all cars will be consistent,sommth operation,the final everyone forward faster.In the workshop where the demand for stable synchronization of streamlined production,and promoted integration of manufacturing development.This is a still evolving technology.Fully integrated in the circumstances,is a computer-controllrd machinery and processing.integrated is completed through computer.For example in the preceding paragraph simulation problems,the computer will allow all road vehicles compatible with the change in red.So that everyone can steady traffic.Scientific analysis of movement,timing and mechanics of the disciplines is that it is composed of two pater:statics and dynamics.Statics analyzed static system that is in the system,the time is not taken into account,research and analysis over time and dynamics of the system change.Dynameics from the two componets.Euler in 1775 will be the first time two different branches: Rigid body movement studies can conveniently divided into two parts:geometric and mechanics.The first part is without taking into account the reasons for the downward movement study rigid body from a designated location to another point of the movement,and must use the formula to reflect the actual,the formula would determine the rigid body every point position. Therefore,this study only on the geometry and,more specifically,on the entities from excision.Obviously,the first part of the school and was part of a mechanical separation from the principles of dynamics to study movement,which is more than the two parts together into a lot easier.Dynamics of the two parts are subsequently divided into two separate disciplines,kinematic and dynamics,a study of movement and the movement strength.Therefore,the primary issue is the design of mechanical systems understand its kinematic.Kinematic studies movement,rather than a study of its impact.In a more precise kinematic studies position,displacement,rotation, speed,velocity and acceleration of disciplines,for esample,or planets orbiting research campaing is a paradigm.In the above quotation content should be pay attention that the content of the Euler dynamics into kinematic and rigid body dynamics is based on the assumptionthat they are based on research.In this very important basis to allow for the treatment of two separate disciplines.For soft body,soft body shape and even their own soft objects in the campaign depends on the role of power in their possession.In such cases,should also study the power and movement,and therefore to a large extent the analysis of the increased complexity.Fortunately, despite the real machine parts may be involved are more or less the design of machines,usually with heavy material designed to bend down to the lowest parts.Therefore,when the kinematic analysis of the performance of machines,it is often assumed that bend is negligible,spare parts are hard,but when the load is known,in the end analysis engine,re-engineering parts to confirm this assnmption.机械工程1.机械工程简介机械工程是工程学的一个分支，它研究机械和动力的产，尤其是力和动力。

附录Compound reduced tillage soil preparation technologyof development and new machinesAbstract:sustainable development and conservation tillage is the primary content of farming machinery development. Agricultural machinery has achieved seriation, standardization and socialization of production levels, and the machine, electricity, liquid, automation and positioning and other high and new technology applied in the farming machinery. Tillage machinery also got great progress, double joint reduced tillage soil preparation technology is the future development trend of agricultural machinery, protective soil, maintain ecological environment and meet the requirements of the conservation tillage agriculture compound, reduced tillage, combined tillage soil preparation machine will play an important role in agricultural production. Key words: compound reduced tillage soil preparation machine; Tillage machinery; Disc harrow.In recent years, the agriculture is faced with energy crisis, waste of resources, population increase, arable land decrease, soil fertility decline, the rise in the cost of ecological imbalance, environment pollution and the grim situation, all countries in the world in the corresponding countermeasures and agricultural development strategy, put forward the agricultural sustainable development is given priority to with deep loosening body of conservation tillage technology such as no-till less. In all the countermeasures, and the development direction of farming machinery as a strategic priority. Western developed countries began to develop in the early 1970 s and expansion, to adapt to the high yield and agronomic requirements of new agricultural machinery research and development reduce cost increase efficiency and maintain ecological environment and conservation tillage technique and form a complete set of machines and tools. Traditional tools based on constant innovation in structure: to increase the furrow plough the soil properties, continuation to huasheng body; Prior to plough devices with small plough or coulter, reduce machine work resistance; With the hydraulic oil cylinder tillage amplitude adjustment and suspension frame transverse position, in order to increase its adaptability; After a plough bodycan be folded upwards to reduced tillage, flip agencies add pin set device; Deep furrow plough and loose on the device is equipped with various forms of security; Disc harrow Angle adjustment and frame of the folding wing with a hydraulic oil cylinder control, some disc harrow products with lateral transport device; Will deep loosening and ploughing up organic knot together, make the soil to flip up and down inside the top 20 cm, lower deep loosening between 20 to 35 cm; In order to improve the vehicle performance, in the deep loose handle on add a layer or two layers of wings shovel, soil to form the upper finely, and lower the actual situation, for the growing of crops, and provides a good soil conditions,Is conducive to crop growth.National large and medium-sized tractors became more perfect, has increased year by year. Huasheng plow, disc harrow, and deep loosening machine towards traditional tools such as product with 147 kw or more large and medium-sized tractors with increase direction, perfect structure and function.Plowing machinery to adapt to various soil conditions, and to meet the needs of different farming system development, thus must continually develop new working parts. Study: big company attaches great importance to working parts in the furrow plough on before using various types of plow body surface and small plough; On disc harrow adopts various curvature radius, diameter and shape on the disc harrow piece; Driven tillage and soil preparation machine is a wide variety of working parts. On the same machine, through the replacement parts to adapt to changing working conditions, thus expanding the function of products, improve the adaptability of region, the engine and reduces the users upgrade. Its working parts are standard, standardization and mass production.With the research and production of farming machinery, rate of tractor is widely used, especially the difference led to tillage machinery development to the direction of more varieties and series, wide, high speed and high efficient low consumption direction development, to the electronic monitoring, hydraulic pressure and high and new technology such as modularized design direction. With matching plow land preparation, therefore, mechanical products, also continues to broaden the scope of form a complete set with the tractor, minimize component types and structure, by helping to improve the degree of standardization, seriation and generalizing to meet market demand.Because driven machines and make full use of the tractor power, can control effect on soil strength, can satisfy various work requirements, the company has attached great importance to driven the soil preparation machine product development and production. At present, the existing rotary plough, power shovel, rotary cultivator and power harrow tillage soil preparation machine use more power output shaft of the tractor, through mechanical transmission drivers working parts. At the same time, also study produced by the tractor pto drive hydraulic system, driven by hydraulic motor and working parts of the new type plow soil preparation machine. Existing driven tillage soil preparation machine mainly include the rotary tiller and stubble machine, etc, are powered by the tractor power output shaft, drive the rotary working parts to complete the machine operation.No-till deep loosening technique has reduced machine off the machine working resistance and improve working efficiency and reduce the work intensity of the soil characteristics, the formation of the actual situation, using a combination of arable layer soil structure. Imaginary part of the aerobic bacteria thrive, provide sufficient nutrients for crops, beneficial to crop growth, the ground water is large by virtual part will infiltrate into underground water points on the surface of the earth, to prevent surface runoff, use; Real part of the bacterial growth is conducive to idle, keep the nutrients in the soil, raise. Drought, via the real part of the soil capillary effect, will absorb on the surface, groundwater supply crop water, realized the combination of land and ground. Therefore, in order to reduced tillage, deep loosening instead of plough tillage technology have the widespread application in many countries, one of the key technologies for conservation tillage. In order to adapt to the needs of agricultural production, the company pays much attention to the deep loose working parts and tools. To improve the operation quality and the low resistance reduction, developed a variety of forms of bar type deep loosening shovel. On the deep loosening machine overall structure and continuous innovation, to develop the deep loose joint operation equipments at the same time.at present, the research and production, from the structure can be divided into the close combination of rig and combination joint rig: tight tight type joint rig is the organic combination of the operational functions, reasonable configuration, according to the whole machine is one of the forms to form an independent complete machine type, its unit design is reasonable, compactstructure, reasonable and tractor kit, is advantageous to the tractor mounted homework; Combination type joint rig is used/group with 0, the separate machine constitute joint operation equipments. Make industry, according to different cropping system and different conditions of soil and agronomic requirements, reasonable piece together, form a different form of job function, can improve the utilization rate of machine tools by more than 50%. Joint rig combination, therefore, is the developing direction of the joint operation equipments abroad in recent years, the main rig has: tillage soil preparation combined operation equipments, deep loosening stubble ploughing combined operation equipments, deep loosening rake joint rig and plowing fertilization seeding joint operation equipments, etc. Along with our country power tractor has increased year by year, demand for joint operation equipments will increase. Do as a result, working parts to develop a variety of combinations of joint operation equipments, also want to develop/points can close 0 matched stack joint operation equipments.Liquid mechanical and electrical integration technology will be widely used on all kinds of farm machines and tools, such as according to soil conditions automatically adjust the machine parameters and operating status, change the machine's overall size, and drives the working parts and so on, will be more use of hydraulic components. Application of electronic technology to control tillage soil preparation machinery operating depth, smoothness, monitoring seeding, fertilizing mechanical seed and fertilizer condition, etc. To reduce machine quality, improve agricultural machinery and strong degree, prolong the service life of machine and improve the quality of the appearance of the product, new material and new technology will also be more widely used.译文复式少耕整地技术的发展与新机具摘要:可持续发展和保护性耕作是耕作机械发展的首要内容。

农机机械的英语作文200字第一篇Title: The Vital Role of Agricultural MachineryAgricultural machinery plays a pivotal role in modern farming. It has revolutionized the way we cultivate crops, enhancing efficiency and productivity. Tractors, harvesters, and planters are just a few examples of these machines, each designed to perform specific tasks. Tractors, for instance, aid in plowing, tilling, and planting, while harvesters expedite the crop-gathering process. These advancements have not only reduced labor costs but also increased crop yields. With the help of agricultural machinery, farmers are able to manage larger areas of farmland with less effort.翻译：农机在现代农业中起着关键作用。

它改变了我们种植作物的方式，提高了效率和生产力。

拖拉机、收割机和播种机只是这些机器中的几个例子，每种机器都设计用于执行特定任务。

例如，拖拉机有助于犁地、耕作和播种，而收割机则加快了作物收割过程。

这些进步不仅降低了劳动力成本，还增加了作物产量。

在农机的帮助下，农民能够以更少的努力管理更大的农田面积。