高考英语虚拟语气专题讲座
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高考英语虚拟语气专题讲座语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，虚拟语气。
虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。
虚拟语气的学习重点：1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。
2. 虚拟语气的倒装。
（if省略，条件句中中有had, should, were）。
3. 两种错综虚拟语气。
4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。
5. 过去的计划，打算，愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。
6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气：两个。
重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if和as though 从句中虚拟语气的表示法。
7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。
即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。
8. 不清惜条件的虚拟语气。
★★★虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如下：相关时态主句形式从句形式例句与现在事实相反Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形）过去式（be动词各人称都用were）If I were you, I should \would make full use of my time to study.与过去事实相反Should\would\could\might+have done（动词过去分词）Had+done(过去分词) If you had come earlier, you would have met him.与将来事实相反Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形）1. 过去式（be动词各人称都用were）2. should+动词原形3. were to +动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.★★★注意四个情态动词的用法：1. 若表示在某一假设的条件下，必然而然就会发生某事，第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用could.3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用might.★★★虚拟语气倒装请看典型考题：__________ your address，I would have written to you.A. Did I knowB. Were I to knowC. Had I knownD. If I should know此题应选 C。
这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。
当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：1. If he should fail，he would kill himself. →Should he fail，he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。
2. If I were you，I would do it at once. →Were I you，I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。
3. If I could do it，I would. →Could I do it，I would. 要是我能做此事，我一定会做。
4. If he had seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.→Had he seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。
注意：顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装5. If he had money，he would buy a car. Had he money，he would buy a car. 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。
将下列倒装句恢复正常：a. Were it not for the fact that you are ill, I would give you a good beating.要不是因为你有病这一事实,我就会狠揍你一顿。
b. Had he asked me, I would have given him my advice.要是他请求我的话，我就会给他建议的。
c. Were it to snow tomorrow, the hunter would not go hunting.万一明天下雪，猎人就不去打猎了。
★★★错综虚拟语气How I wish I had studied harder when I was in school!If you had, you ____ work into late every day nowadays.A. don’tB. wouldn’tC. didn’tD. won’t[解析]“要是我在校时能够更加努力地学习，那该多好啊！”“要是你当时努力学习的话，你现在就不会每天都工作那么晚了。
”根据句意，条件与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。
常见的两种错综虚拟语气：1．从句与过去事实相反相成，而主句与现在事实相反。
例如：If you had not been strict with me when I was young, I could not be such a successful person no w.如果我年轻时你没有对我严格要求的话，我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。
（这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now 或nowadays）2. Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I will come back tomorrow.万一有人来找我，告诉他们我明天回来。
（主句为祈使句，条件句与将来事实相反，表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。
）★★★含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。
这类用法主要见于以下七种方式：1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。
(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。
(=if you have studied harder, you…)2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中。
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。
(=If he had been born in better times, he …)Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what…)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感十分害怕。
(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中。
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。
(=If there were no air, no one could live.) But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。
(=If it hadn’t been for his help, he would have failed.)常用的介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。
4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中。
A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。
(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。
(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)5. 将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中：具体用法如下：它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实，它们前边的句子采用陈述语气，后边的句子采用虚拟语气。
○1句子（一般现在时）+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子（谓语部分：should\would\could\might 等+ 动词原形）○2句子（一般过去时）+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子（谓语部分：should\would\could\might 等+ have done）I did n’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。
(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
(otherwise=if I were not so busy))6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中。
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。
(=If anyone had seen that painting…)7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。
Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。
(=…If you read all these papers, it would take too long)常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段连词如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(惟恐) , on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
