固体力学英语词汇翻译

弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫- 穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate 加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯［曲］应力函数Stress function of bending 壳Shell 扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell［圆］柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭［转］应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利-- 里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似［性］ self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation 格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain 弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity 运动方程Equation of motion 准静态的Quasi-static 气动弹性Aeroelasticity 水弹性Hydroelasticity 颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect 塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing 破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定［性］理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem 率相关理论rate dependent theorem 载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading 塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading 比例加载Proportional loading 卸载Unloading 卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space 静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain 工程应变engineering strain 等效应变equivalent strain 应变局部化strain localization 应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment 累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain 永久变形permanent deformation 内变量internal variable 应变软化strain-softening 理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material 理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material 材料稳定性stability of material 应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain 应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress 应变球张量spherical tensor ofstrain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface 后继屈服面subsequent yield surface 屈服面［的］外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section 沙堆比拟sand heap analogy 屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion 屈服函数yield function 屈服面yield surface 塑性势plastic potential 能量吸收装置energy absorbing device 能量耗散率energy absorbing device 塑性动力学dynamic plasticity 塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling 塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response 塑性波plastic wave 运动容许场kinematically admissible Field 静力容许场statically admissible Field 流动法则flow rule 速度间断velocitydiscontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field 移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge 塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion 普朗特-- 罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion 洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter 莱维-- 米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation 亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation 赫艾-- 韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter 德鲁克公设Drucker postulate 盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 结构力学structural mechanics 结构分析structural analysis 结构动力学structural dynamics 拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch 抛物线拱parabolic arch 圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome 空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load 风载[荷] wind load 土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis 结点法method of joints 截面法method of sections 结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement 影响线influence line 三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor 矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix 总体坐标global coordinates 贝蒂定理Betti theorem 高斯-- 若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode 复合材料力学mechanics of composites 复合材料composite material 纤维复合材料fibrous composite 单向复合材料unidirectional composite 泡沫复合材料foamed composite 颗粒复合材料particulate composite 层板Laminate 夹层板sandwich panel 正交层板cross-ply laminate 斜交层板angle-ply laminate 层片Ply 多胞固体cellular solid 膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination 脱粘Debond 纤维应力fiber stress 层应力ply stress 层应变ply strain 层间应力interlaminar stress 比强度specific strength 强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio 横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy 正交各向异Orthotropy 剪滞分析shear lag analysis 短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber 纤维方向fiber direction 纤维断裂fiber break 纤维拔脱fiber pull-out 纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification 最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡-- 吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[ 钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistanc e。

词汇汉英对照一画一维晶格 One-dimensional crystal lattice一维单原子链 One-dimensional monatomic chain 一维双原子链One-dimensional diatomic chain 一维复式格子 One-dimensional compound lattice二画二维晶格 Two-dimensional crystal lattice二度轴 Twofold axis二度对称轴 Twofold axis of symmetry几何结构因子 Geometrical structure factor三画三斜晶系三方晶系三斜晶系Triclinic system Trigonal systemTriclinic system刃位错 Edge dislocation小角晶界Low angle grain boundary 马德隆常数 Madelung constant四画元素晶体 Element crystal元素的电负性元素的电离能元素的结合能Electronegativities of elements Ionization energies of the elementsCohesive energies of the elements六方密堆积 Hexagonal close-packed 六方晶系 Hexagonal system反演 Inversion 分子晶体切变模量双原子链介电常数MolecularCrystal ShearmoduleDiatomic linearchainDielectricconstant化学势 Chemical potential内能 Internal energy分布函数Distribution function夫伦克耳缺陷 Frenkel defect比热 Specific heat中子散射 Neutron scattering五画布喇菲格子布洛赫函数布洛赫定理布拉格反射Bravais latticeBloch function Bloch theorem Bragg reflection布里渊区 Brillouin zone布里渊区边界 Brillouin zone boundary 布里渊散射 Brillouin scattering正格子 Direct lattice正交晶系正则振动正则坐标立方晶系Orthorhombic crystal system Normal vibration Normal coordinates Cubic crystal system立方密堆积 Cubic close-packed四方晶系 Tetragonal crystal system对称操作 Symmetry operation对称群 Symmetric group正交化平面波Orthogonalized plane wave电子-晶格相互作用Electron-lattice interaction 电子热容量 Electronic heat capacity电阻率 Electrical resistivity电导率 Conductivity电子亲合势 Electron affinity电子气的动能电子气的压力电子分布函数Kinetic energy of electrongas Pressure of electrongasElectron distributionfunction电负性 Electronegativity电磁声子Electromagnetic phonon功函数 Work function长程力 Long-range force立方晶系 Cubic system平面波方法 plane wave method平移对称性Translation symmetry平移对称操作 Translation symmetry operator 平移不变性 Translation invariance石墨结构 Graphite structure闪锌矿结构 Blende structure六画1负电性 Electronegativity共价结合 Covalent binding共价键 Covalent bond共价晶体 Covalent crystals共价键的饱和 Saturation of covalent bonds 光学模 Optical modes光学支 Optical branch光散射 Light scattering红外吸收压缩系数扩散系数Infrared absorption Compressibility Diffusion coefficient扩散的激活能 Activation energy of diffusion 共价晶体 Covalent Crystal价带 Valence band导带 Conduction band自扩散 Self-diffusion有效质量有效电荷弛豫时间Effective mass Effective charges Relaxation time弛豫时间近似扩展能区图式自由电子模型Relaxation-time approximation Extended zone schemeFree electron model自由能 Free energy杂化轨道 Hybrid orbit七画纯金属Ideal metal体心立方 Body-centered cubic体心四方布喇菲格子 Body-centered tetragonal Bravais lattices 卤化碱晶体 Alkali-halide crystal劳厄衍射 Laue diffraction间隙原子 Interstitial atom间隙式扩散 Interstitial diffusion肖特基缺陷Schottky defect位错 Dislocation滑移 Slip晶界 Grain boundaries伯格斯矢量 Burgers vector杜隆-珀替定律Dulong-Petit’s law粉末衍射Powder diffraction里查孙-杜师曼方程Richardson-Dushman equation 克利斯托夫方程Christofell equation克利斯托夫模量 Christofell module位移极化Displacement polarization声子 Phonon声学支 Acoustic branch应力 Stress 应变 Strain切应力 Shear stress切应变 Shear strain八画周期性重复单元Periodic repeated unit底心正交格子Base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心单斜格工Base-centered monoclinic lattices单斜晶系 Monoclinic crystal system金刚石结构 Diamond structure金属的结合能 Cohesive energy of metals金属晶体 Metallic Crystal转动轴 Rotation axes转动-反演轴 Rotation-inversion axes转动晶体法 Rotating crystal method空间群 Space group空位 Vacancy范德瓦耳斯相互作用Van der Waals interaction 金属性结合 Metallic binding单斜晶系 Monoclinic system单电子近似 Single-erection approximation极化声子Polarization phonon拉曼散射 Raman scattering态密度 Density of states铁电软模 Ferroelectrics soft mode空穴 Hole万尼尔函数 Wannier function平移矢量 Translation vector非谐效应 Anharmonic effect周期性边界条件Periodic boundary condition 2九画玻尔兹曼方程 Boltzman equation点群 Point groups迪. 哈斯－范. 阿耳芬效应 De Hass－Van Alphen effect 胡克定律Hooke’s law氢键 Hydrogen bond亲合势 Affinity重迭排斥能Overlap repulsive energy结合能 Cohesive energy玻恩-卡门边界条件Born-Karman boundary condition费密-狄喇克分布函数费密电子气的简并性费密 Fermi费密能 Fermi energy费密能级 Fermi level费密球 Fermi sphere费密面 Fermi surface费密温度费密速度费密半径Fermi temperature Fermi velocity Fermi radius恢复力常数 Constant of restorable force绝热近似 Adiabatic approximation十画原胞 Primitive cell原胞基矢 Primitive vectors倒格子 Reciprocal lattice倒格子原胞Primitive cell of the reciprocal lattice 倒格子空间 Reciprocal space倒格点 Reciprocal lattice point 倒格子基矢 Primitive translation vectors of the reciprocal lattice 倒格矢 Reciprocal lattice vector倒逆散射 Umklapp scattering粉末法 Powder method原子散射因子 Atomic scattering factor配位数 Coordination number原子和离子半径 Atomic and ionic radii原子轨道线性组合 Linear combination of atomic orbitsFermi-Dirac distribution function Degeneracy of free electron Fermi gas离子晶体的结合能 Cohesive energy of inert crystals 离解能 Dissociation energy离子键 Ionic bond离子晶体 Ionic Crystal离子性导电 Ionic conduction洛伦兹比 Lorenz ratio魏德曼－佛兰兹比 Weidemann－Franz ratio缺陷的迁移Migration of defects缺陷的浓度 Concentrations of lattice defects爱因斯坦 Einstein爱因斯坦频率 Einstein frequency爱因斯坦温度Einstein temperature格波 Lattice wave格林爱森常数Gruneisen constant索末菲理论 Sommerfeld theory热电子发射 Thermionic emission热容量 Heat capacity热导率 Thermal conductivity热膨胀 Thermal expansion能带 Energyband 能隙Energy gap 能带的简约能区图式能带的周期能区图式能带的扩展能区图式Reduced zone scheme of energyband Repeated zone scheme ofenergy bandExtended zone scheme of energyband配分函数 Partition function准粒子 Quasi- particle准动量 Quasi- momentum准自由电子近似 Nearly free electron approximation十一画第一布里渊区 First Brillouin zone密堆积 Close-packing密勒指数 Miller indices接触电势差 Contact potential difference基元 Basis基矢 Basis vector弹性形变 Elastic deformation排斥能Repulsive energy3弹性波 Elastic wave弹性应变张量Elastic strain tensor弹性劲度常数 Elastic stiffness constant 弹性顺度常数Elastic compliance constant 弹性模量Elastic module弹性动力学方程Elastic-dynamics equation 弹性散射 Elastic scattering十二画等能面Constant energy surface晶体 Crystal晶体结构晶体缺陷晶体衍射Crystal structure Crystal defect Crystal diffraction晶列 Crystal array晶面 Crystal plane晶面指数 Crystal plane indices晶带 Crystal band晶向 direction晶格 lattice晶格常数 Lattice constant晶格周期势Lattice-periodic potential 晶格周期性 Lattice-periodicity晶胞 Cell, Unit cell晶面间距 Interplanar spacing晶系 Crystal system晶体 Crystal晶体点群晶格振动Crystallographic pointgroups Lattice vibrationLattice scattering晶格散射散射 Scattering简单单斜格子简单四方格子简单正交格子Simple monoclinic lattice Simple tetragonal lattice Simple orthorhombic lattice简谐近似简正坐标简正振动Harmonic approximation Normal coordinates Normal vibration简正模 Normal modes简约波矢 Reduced wave vector简约布里渊区 Reduced Brillouin zone 禁带 Forbidden band紧束缚方法 Tight－binding method零点振动能Zero-point vibration energy 雷纳德－琼斯势 Lenard－Jones potential 满带 Filled band十四画磁致电阻模式密度漂移速度Magnetoresistance Densityof modesDrift velocity漂移迁移率 Drift mobility十五至十七画德拜 Debye德拜近似 Debye approximation德拜截止频率Debye cut-off frequency德拜温度 Debye temperature霍耳效应 Hall effect螺位错 Screw dislocation赝势 Pseudopotential等能面surface of constant energy隋性气体晶体的结合能滑移 Slip滑移面 Slip plane十三画Cohesiveenergy of inert gas crystals简单立方晶格 Simple cubic lattice简单晶格 Simple lattice4。

固体物理英语词汇-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Solid-State Physics1.1 Classification of Solids by Binding ForcesBinding force 结合力crystalline a. 结晶的equilibrium n. 平衡equilibrium position 平衡位置chemical bonding 化学键molecule n. 分子perturbation n. 微扰perturbation theory 微扰理论quantum mechanical 量子力学的quantum mechanics 量子力学van der Waals forces 范德瓦尔斯力short range 短程short-range force 短程力repulsive force 斥力transitory dipole 瞬时偶极子harmonic oscillator 谐振子、简谐振子、正弦波发生器electrically neutral 电中性的electrical neutrality 电中性kinetic energy 动能interatomic potential 原子间势interatomic spacing 原子间距the permittivity of free space 真空介电常数zero-point energy 零点能ground state 基态ground state energy 基态能量attractive force 引力Lennard-Jones potential 雷纳德－琼斯势Coulomb attraction 库仑引力Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力potential energy 势能prime 上撇号，符号(′)Madelung constant 马德隆常数cohesive energy 结合能reversible process 可逆过程entropy 熵internal energy 内能isothermal compressibility 等温压缩率metallic bond 金属键Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理covalent bond 共价键cleavage plane 解理面valence crystal 共价键晶体molecular crystal 分子晶体ionic crystal 离子晶体metallic crystal 金属晶体hydrogen-bonded crystal 氢键晶体proton 质子1.2 Group Theory and Crystallography crystallography 结晶学。

力学,流体力学,固体力学词汇英语翻译力学，流体力学，固体力学英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method 并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate 燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage 达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement 不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体Voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow 周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow 细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height 波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer 空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation。