英语词汇考试大纲

英语词汇考试大纲

词汇学考试大纲

一、判断（10）

二、选择（20）

三、搭配（10）

/doc/7b3073268.html,pound 复合构词法

sit-in 代理，参加dropout 退学学生phone-in 听众热线电话直播节目breakdown 失败walk-on 跑龙套员walkout 徒步旅行take-off

起飞astray 烟灰缸a tray for ash moonwalk a walk on the moon

B.Deriverd word 派生法

be（= off,from）adj. belittle 贬低

de (=to remove) n. debug 除错

brotherhood 兄弟情义

friendship 友谊

happily

C.Converted word 词类转化法

He interned in the Capital Hospital.

He served as an intern in the Capital Hospital.实习生

D.Initialisms 首字母连写法

VIP = for a very important person

E.Acronyms 首字母拼音法

TEFL

Radar radio detecting and ranging

F.Clipped word 略写

ad. (=advertisement)

amp(=ampere)

plane(=airplane)

G.Blend 拼缀词 talk + marathon = talkathon 冗长的演说

medical+care=medicare 医疗保险

H.Back-formation

house-sit = house sitter 看管房屋的人

housekeep 自立门户，主持家务

I.Words from proper names

china 瓷器

japan 漆器

champagne 香槟

J.Onomatopoeic word 拟声词

K.Reduplication 重叠词

go-go 戈戈舞的

ping-pong

四、名词解释（4，20分）

1、context in its narrowest sense

Context in its narrow sense consists of the lexical items that

come immediately before and after any word in an act of

communication.

For instance,the verb make is often used in the sense of

constructing something by putting materials together,as in,She

made coffee for all of us.

I got a letter today.

2、homophones/homographs

Words identical in sound but different in spelling and

meaning are called homophones.

pair,pear son,sun

Word identical in spelling but different in sound and

meaning are called homographs

lead v.n. tear n.v.

3、semantic field （P143） Semantic field theory is concerned with the vocabulary of a

language as a system of interrelated lexical networks.The words

of a semantic field are joined together by a common concept,and

they are likely to have a number of collocation in common.

Hence we can see that meaning resides not only in a word

itself,but spreads over neighbouring word as well.Only the

neighbouring words can identify the semantic field,in which we

have related words which enable us to determine the meaning of

the word used.One can hardly tell the meaning of I like lemon

until he knows the semantic field in which lemon operates.

4、allomorphs/morpheme (P21)

A morpheme may take various shapes or forms.For

example,the inflectional morpheme-(e)s of books,pigs,horses has

the same meaning …more than one?,yet it has three different

phonological forms: /-s,-z,-iz/.The three forms are variants of the

same morpheme-s .They are called allomorphs.

The morpheme is the smallest meaningful lingusitic unit of

language,not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.

One morpheme nation

Two morphemes nation+al

Three morpheme nation+al+ize

5、connotative meaning (P98)

Connotative meaning refers to the emotional association

which a word or a phrase suggests in one?s mind.

For instance,the denotative meaning of the word mother is

female parent ,but it generally connotes love,care,and tenderness.

6.verbal context in its broad sense (P154)

In additon to lexical,and grammatical context ,the verbal

context,in its broadest sense,may cover an entire passage,or even

an entire book,and in some cases even the entire social or culture setting ,as stated at the beginning of the chapter.

7、semantic motivation

Semantic motivation refers to motivation based on semantic

factor.It is a kind of mental association.When we speak of a stony

heart we are comparing the heart with a stone

五、简答题（2，20分）

1、What is motivation?How are English words motivated?

Motivation refers to the connection between word-symbol

and its sense.Motivation can arise in three major ways:

①.phonetic motivation,like miaow of the cat,the baa-baa of

a sheep.

②.Morphological motivation,like good-looking,headache,daydream.

③.sematic motivation ,When we speak of a stony heart we

are comparing the heart with a stone.

2、There are several main types of word meaning list and

explain. (P95)

A.Grammatical meaning

Grammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional

paradigm.

①.word class

Morden will be marked as an adjective,mordernize as a verb

and mordernization as a noun.

②.inflectional paradigm

to walk,walks walked,to write,writes,wrote,written

B.Lexical meaning

①denotative meaning

The denotative meaning of a word is its definitin given in a

dictionary.It is that aspect of lexical meaning which makes

communication possible.