2015年6月ACCA考试《审计与认证业务》真题及详解

2015年度注册会计师考试《审计》真题一、单项选择题1、下列有关抽样风险的说法中，错误的是（）。

A、除非注册会计师对总体中所有的项目都实施检查，否则存在抽样风险B、在使用统计抽样时，注册会计师可以准确地计量和控制抽样风险C、注册会计师可以通过扩大样本规模降低抽样风险D、控制测试中的抽样风险包括误受风险和误拒风险2、下列舞弊风险因素中，与实施舞弊的动机或压力相关的是（）。

A、组织结构过于复杂，存在异常的法律实体或管理层级B、非财务管理人员过度参与会计政策的选择或重大会计估计的确定C、管理层在被审计单位中拥有重大经济利益D、职责分离或独立审核不充分3、下列审计程序中，通常不能识别被审计单位违反法律法规行为的是（）。

A、阅读董事会和管理层的会议纪要B、向管理层、内部或外部法律顾问询问诉讼、索赔及评估情况C、对营业外支出中的罚款及滞纳金支出实施细节测试D、获取管理层关于被审计单位不存在违反法律法规行为的书面声明4、下列有关审计计划的说法中，正确的是（）。

A、制定总体审计策略的过程通常在具体审计计划之前B、总体审计策略不受具体审计计划的影响C、制定审计计划的工作应当在实施进一步审计程序之前完成D、具体审计计划的核心是确定审计的范围和审计方案5、下列程序中，通常不用于评估舞弊风险的是（）。

A、询问治理层、管理层和内部审计人员B、考虑在客户接受或保持过程中获取的信息C、组织项目组内部讨论D、实施实质性分析程序6、下列有关注册会计师执行的业务提供的保证程度的说法中，正确的是（）。

A、鉴定业务提供高水平保证B、代编财务信息提供合理保证C、对财务信息执行商定程序提供低水平保证D、财务报表审阅提供有限保证7、下列有关注册会计师对错报进行沟通的说法中，错误的是（）。

A、除非法律法规禁止，注册会计师应当及时将审计过程中发现的所有错报与适当层级的管理层进行沟通B、注册会计师应当要求管理层更正审计过程中发现的超过明显微小错报临界值的错报C、注册会计师应当与治理层沟通与以前期间相关的未更正错报对相关类别的交易、账户余额或披露以及财务报表整体的影响D、除非法律法规禁止，注册会计师应当与治理层沟通未更正错报8、下列关于在审计报告中提及相关人员的说法中，错误的是（）。

Time allowed Reading and planning:15 minutes Writing: 3 hoursP a p e r F 8Section A – ALL 12 questions are compulsory and MUST be attemptedPlease use the grid provided on page two of the Candidate Answer Booklet to record your answers to each multiple choice question. Do not write out the answers to the MCQs on the lined pages of the answer booklet.1Which of the following audit procedures for obtaining audit evidence is correctly described?A Recalculation involves the auditor’s independent execution of procedures or controls which were originallyperformed as part of the entity’s internal controlB Confirmation consists of seeking information of knowledgeable persons, within the company or outside thecompanyC Reperformance consists of checking the mathematical accuracy of documents or recordsD Observation consists of looking at a procedure or process being performed by others(2 marks)2Auditors are required to undertake an overall review of the financial statements as the final step before they form their audit opinion. As part of this process they undertake a number of procedures.Which of the following procedures would an auditor NOT undertake as part of the overall review of the financial statements?A Reviewing the financial statements to ensure they are consistent with the auditor’s knowledge of the businessand the results of their audit workB Performing analytical procedures on the financial statements to form an overall conclusion on the financialstatementsC Undertaking a review of subsequent events to identify whether any adjustment or disclosure is required in thefinancial statementsD Reviewing the financial statements to ensure compliance with accounting standards and local legislationdisclosure(2 marks)3Which of the following is NOT an inherent limitation of internal control systems?A Insufficient segregation of dutiesB Possibility that employees may collude together fraudulentlyC Possibility of human error in undertaking tasks(1 mark)4Which of the following statements, relating to International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), if any, is/are correct?(1)International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)and provide guidance on the performance and conduct of an audit(2)In the event that ISAs differ from local legislation in a specific country, auditors must comply with therequirements of the ISAsA 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Both 1 and 2D Neither 1 nor 2(2 marks)5Which TWO of the following statements regarding the use of analytical procedures during the PLANNING stage of the audit are correct?(1)Analytical procedures are useful when forming an overall conclusion as to whether the financial statements areconsistent with the auditor’s understanding of the company(2)Analytical procedures can be used to obtain relevant and reliable audit evidence(3)Analytical procedures can assist in identifying the risks of material misstatement(4)Analytical procedures can assist in identifying unusual transactions and eventsA 1 and 2B 2 and 3C 3 and 4D 2 and 4(2 marks)6Which of the following substantive procedures provides evidence over the COMPLETENESS of non-current assets?A Select a sample of assets included in the non-current asset register and physically verify them at the clientpremisesB Review the repairs and maintenance expense account to identify any items of a capital natureC For assets disposed of, agree the sale proceeds to supporting documentation and cash book(1 mark)7Which of the following is NOT a principle of the UK Corporate Governance Code?A There should be a rigorous and transparent procedure for the appointment of new directors to the boardB The board should use the annual general meeting (AGM) to communicate with investorsC The non-executive chairman should decide on the remuneration of all directorsD All directors should receive induction training on joining the board(2 marks)8Which of the following is a substantive audit procedure for wages and salaries?A Inspect a sample of clock cards for evidence of authorisation by a responsible officialB Recalculate a sample of payroll deductions such as employment taxes to confirm accuracyC Attempt to access and make changes to the payroll master file using the log on for a junior clerk(1 mark)9Which of the following statements, relating to the auditor’s responsibilities regarding subsequent events, if any, is/are correct?(1)Auditors do not have a responsibility to perform procedures to identify subsequent events after the date of theauditor’s report(2)Where a material adjusting subsequent event is identified after the financial statements are issued, but prior toapproval by the shareholders, the auditor should include a qualified opinion in their audit report if management refuses to adjust the financial statements for the eventA 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Both 1 and 2D Neither 1 nor 2(2 marks)10Is the following statement true or false?A significant change in the ownership of an existing audit client is a factor which makes it appropriate for the auditorto review the terms of engagement.A T rueB False(1 mark)11Which of the following statements relating to internal and external auditors is correct?A Internal auditors are required to be members of a professional bodyB Internal auditors’ scope of work should be determined by those charged with governanceC External auditors report to those charged with governanceD Internal auditors can never be independent of the company(2 marks) 12Which TWO of the following controls of a sales system ensure that all goods despatched are completely and accurately invoiced?(1)Good despatched notes are matched to sales invoices(2)Sales invoices are sequentially numbered(3)Sales invoices are matched to customer orders(4)Regular review of unfulfilled ordersA 1 and 2B 2 and 4C 2 and 3D 1 and 4(2 marks)(20 marks)Section B – ALL SIX questions are compulsory and MUST be attemptedPlease write your answers to all parts of these questions on the lined pages within the Candidate Answer Booklet.1You are an audit senior of Beech & Co and have been allocated to the audit of Willow Wands Co (Willow), a listed company which has been an audit client for eight years and specialises in manufacturing musical instruments.Bethan Oak was the audit engagement partner for Willow and as she had completed seven years as the audit engagement partner, she has recently been rotated off the audit engagement. The current audit partner, Sandeep Pine, has suggested that in order to maintain a close relationship with Willow, Bethan should undertake the role of independent review partner this year. In addition Willow has requested that Bethan assist them by attending their audit committee meetings, as a non-executive director has recently left the company.Willow has also asked Sandeep and the other partners at Beech & Co to help them in recruiting a new non-executive director.The total fees received by Beech & Co for last year equated to 16% of the firm’s total fee income. The current year’s audit fee has not yet been confirmed, but along with taxation and other possible non-audit fees the total income from Willow this year could be greater than for last year. Last year’s audit fee was being paid monthly by Willow but no payments have been made for the last three months.The audit manager for Willow has just announced that he is leaving Beech & Co to join Willow as the financial controller.Required:Using the information above:(i)Identify and explain FIVE ethical threats which may affect the independence of Beech & Co’s audit of WillowWands Co; and(ii)For each threat explain how it might be reduced to an acceptable level.Note: The total marks will be split equally between each part.(10 marks)2(a)ISA 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment describes the five components of an entity’s internal control.Required:Identify and briefly explain the FIVE components of an entity’s internal control.(5 marks)(b)Bonsai T rading Co (Bonsai) manufactures electrical equipment, and its year end is 30 September 2015. You arethe audit supervisor of Poplar & Co and are developing the audit programmes for the forthcoming interim audit.The company’s internal audit department has provided you with documentation relating to the non-current assets cycle including the related controls listed below.–Bonsai has a capital expenditure committee and all purchase orders for capital items are required to be authorised by this committee.–On receipt, each asset is assigned a unique serial number and this is recorded on the asset and in the non-current assets register.–When the asset arrives, a goods received note (GRN) is completed which details the nature of the expenditure (i.e. whether it is capital or revenue), and the GRN classification is reviewed and initialled by aresponsible official.Copies of the GRNs relating to capital expenditure are then submitted to the financedepartment for updating of the non-current assets register.–Periodically, internal audit undertakes a review of assets in the register and compares them to assets on site, using the serial number to confirm existence of the asset.–Access to the non-current assets register is restricted through passwords to a small number of staff in the finance department.Required:Describe a test of control which the auditor of Bonsai Trading Co would perform to assess whether or not each of the non-current asset controls listed above is operating effectively.(5 marks)(10 marks)3You are the audit manager of Chestnut & Co and are reviewing the key issues identified in the files of two audit clients.Palm Industries Co (Palm)Palm’s year end was 31 March 2015 and the draft financial statements show revenue of $28·2 million, receivables of $5·6 million and profit before tax of $4·8 million. The fieldwork stage for this audit has been completed.A customer of Palm owed an amount of $350,000 at the year end. T esting of receivables in April highlighted that noamounts had been paid to Palm from this customer as they were disputing the quality of certain goods received from Palm. The finance director is confident the issue will be resolved and no allowance for receivables was made with regards to this balance.Ash Trading Co (Ash)Ash is a new client of Chestnut & Co, its year end was 31 January 2015 and the firm was only appointed auditors in February 2015, as the previous auditors were suddenly unable to undertake the audit. The fieldwork stage for this audit is currently ongoing.The inventory count at Ash’s warehouse was undertaken on 31 January 2015 and was overseen by the company’s internal audit department. Neither Chestnut & Co nor the previous auditors attended the count. Detailed inventory records were maintained but it was not possible to undertake another full inventory count subsequent to the year end.The draft financial statements show a profit before tax of $2·4 million, revenue of $10·1 million and inventory of $510,000.Required:For each of the two issues:(i)Discuss the issue, including an assessment of whether it is material;(ii)Recommend ONE procedure the audit team should undertake to try to resolve the issue; and(iii)Describe the impact on the audit report if the issue remains UNRESOLVED.Notes:1The total marks will be split equally between each of the two issues.2Audit report extracts are NOT required.(10 marks)4Cherry Blossom Co (Cherry) manufactures custom made furniture and its year end is 30 April. The company purchases its raw materials from a wide range of suppliers. Below is a description of Cherry’s purchasing system.When production supervisors require raw materials, they complete a requisition form and this is submitted to the purchase ordering department. Requisition forms do not require authorisation and no reference is made to the current inventory levels of the materials being requested. Staff in the purchase ordering department use the requisitions to raise sequentially numbered purchase orders based on the approved suppliers list, which was last updated 24 months ago. The purchasing director authorises the orders prior to these being sent to the suppliers.When the goods are received, the warehouse department verifies the quantity to the suppliers despatch note and checks that the quality of the goods received are satisfactory. They complete a sequentially numbered goods received note (GRN) and send a copy of the GRN to the finance department.Purchase invoices are sent directly to the purchase ledger clerk, who stores them in a manual file until the end of each week. He then inputs them into the purchase ledger using batch controls and gives each invoice a unique number based on the supplier code. The invoices are reviewed and authorised for payment by the finance director, but the actual payment is only made 60 days after the invoice is input into the system.Required:In respect of the purchasing system of Cherry Blossom Co:(i)Identify and explain FIVE deficiencies; and(ii)Recommend a control to address each of these deficiencies.Note: The total marks will be split equally between each part.(10 marks)5You are the audit supervisor of Maple & Co and are currently planning the audit of an existing client, Sycamore Science Co (Sycamore), whose year end was 30 April 2015. Sycamore is a pharmaceutical company, which manufactures and supplies a wide range of medical supplies. The draft financial statements show revenue of $35·6 million and profit before tax of $5·9 million.Sycamore’s previous finance director left the company in December 2014 after it was discovered that he had been claiming fraudulent expenses from the company for a significant period of time. A new finance director was appointed in January 2015 who was previously a financial controller of a bank, and she has expressed surprise that Maple & Co had not uncovered the fraud during last year’s audit.During the year Sycamore has spent $1·8 million on developing several new products. These projects are at different stages of development and the draft financial statements show the full amount of $1·8 million within intangible assets. In order to fund this development, $2·0 million was borrowed from the bank and is due for repayment over a ten-year period. The bank has attached minimum profit targets as part of the loan covenants.The new finance director has informed the audit partner that since the year end there has been an increased number of sales returns and that in the month of May over $0·5 million of goods sold in April were returned.Maple & Co attended the year-end inventory count at Sycamore’s warehouse. The auditor present raised concerns that during the count there were movements of goods in and out the warehouse and this process did not seem well controlled.During the year, a review of plant and equipment in the factory was undertaken and surplus plant was sold, resulting in a profit on disposal of $210,000.Required:(a)State Maples & Co’s responsibilities in relation to the prevention and detection of fraud and error.(4 marks)(b)Describe SIX audit risks, and explain the auditor’s response to each risk, in planning the audit of SycamoreScience Co. (12 marks)(c)Sycamore’s new finance director has read about review engagements and is interested in the possibility of Maple& Co undertaking these in the future. However, she is unsure how these engagements differ from an external audit and how much assurance would be gained from this type of engagement.Required:(i)Explain the purpose of review engagements and how these differ from external audits; and(2 marks)(ii)Describe the level of assurance provided by external audits and review engagements.(2 marks)(20 marks)6(a)(i)Identify and explain FOUR financial statement assertions relevant to classes of transactions and events for the year under audit; and(ii)For each identified assertion, describe a substantive procedure relevant to the audit of REVENUE.(8 marks)(b)Hawthorn Enterprises Co (Hawthorn) manufactures and distributes fashion clothing to retail stores. Its year endwas 31 March 2015. You are the audit manager and the year-end audit is due to commence shortly. The following three matters have been brought to your attention.(i)Supplier statement reconciliationsHawthorn receives monthly statements from its main suppliers and although these have been retained, nonehave been reconciled to the payables ledger as at 31 March 2015. The engagement partner has asked theaudit senior to recommend the procedures to be performed on supplier statements.(3 marks) (ii)Bank reconciliationDuring last year’s audit of Hawthorn’s bank and cash, significant cut off errors were discovered with anumber of post year-end cheques being processed prior to the year end to reduce payables. The financedirector has assured the audit engagement partner that this error has not occurred again this year and thatthe bank reconciliation has been carefully prepared. The audit engagement partner has asked that the bankreconciliation is comprehensively audited. (4 marks) (iii)ReceivablesHawthorn’s receivables ledger has increased considerably during the year, and the year-end balance is$2·3 million compared to $1·4 million last year. The finance director of Hawthorn has requested that areceivables circularisation is not carried out as a number of their customers complained last year about theinconvenience involved in responding. The engagement partner has agreed to this request, and tasked youwith identifying alternative procedures to confirm the existence and valuation of receivables.(5 marks) Required:Describe substantive procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in relation to the above three matters.Note: The mark allocation is shown against each of the three matters above.(20 marks)End of Question Paper。

2015年6月ACCA考试《高级审计与认证业务（International）》真题(总分：100，做题时间：180分钟)一、Section A – BOTH questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted(总题数：2，分数：60.00)1.You are a manager in the audit department of Craggy & Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants, and you have just been assigned to the audit of Ted Co, a new audit client of your firm, with a financial year ended 31 May 2015.Ted Co, a newly listed company, is a computer games designer and developer, and has grown rapidly in the last few years. The audit engagement partner, Jack Hackett, has sent you the following email: Notes from meeting with Len Brennan Ted Co was formed ten years ago by Dougal Doyle, a graduate in multimedia computing. The company designs,develops and publishes computer games including many highly successful games which have won industry awards.In the last two years the company invested $100m in creating games designed to appeal to a broad, global audience and sales are now made in over 60 countries. The software used in the computer games is developed in this country,but the manufacture of the physical product takes place overseas. Computer games are largely sold through retail outlets, but approximately 25% of Ted Co’s revenue is generated through sales made on the company’s website. In some countries Ted Co’s products are distributed under licences which give the licence holder the exclusive right to sell the products in that country. The cost of each licence to the distributor depends on the estimated sales in the country to which it relates, and licences last for an average of five years. The income which Ted Co receives from the sale of a licence is deferred over the period of the licence. At 31 May 2015 the total amount of deferred income recognised in Ted Co’s statement of financial position is $18 million. As part of a five-year strategic plan, Ted Co obtained a stock market listing in December 2014. The listing and related share issue raised a significant amount of finance, and many shares are held by institutional investors. Dougal Doyle retains a 20% equity shareholding, and a further 10% of the company’s shares are held by his family members. Despite being listed, the company does not have an internal audit department, and there is only one non-executive director on the board. The se problems, which Ted Co’s management is hoping to resolve in the next few months, are explained in the company’s annual report, as required by the applicable corporate governance code. Recently, a small treasury management function was established to man age the company’s foreign currency transactions, which include forward exchange currency contracts. The treasury management function also deals with short-term investments. In January 2015, cash of $8 million was invested in a portfolio of equity shares held in listed companies, which is to be held in the short term as a speculative investment. The shares are recognised as a financial asset at cost of $8 million in the draft statement of financial position. The fair value of the shares at 31 May 2015 is $6 million. As a listed company, Ted Co is required to disclose its earnings per share figure. Dougal Doyle would like this to be based on an adjusted earnings figure which does not include depreciation or amortisation expenses. The previous auditors of Ted Co, a small firm called Crilly & Co, resigned in September 2014. The audit opinion on the financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2014 was unmodified. Extract of draft financial statements and results of preliminary analytical review Statement of profit or loss(extract) Required: Respond to the email from the audit partner. (31 marks) Note: The split of the mark allocation is shown in the partner’s email. Professional marks will be awarded for the presentation, clarity of explanations and logical flow of the briefing notes. (4 marks)（分数：35.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(Briefing notes To: Jack Hackett, audit partner From: Audit manager Regarding: Audit planning of Ted Co Introduction These briefing notes are prepared for the use of the audit team in planning the audit of Ted Co, our firm’s new audit client which develops and publishes computer games. The briefing notes discuss the planning matters in respect of this being an initial audit engagement; evaluate the audit risks to be considered in planning the audit; and recommend audit procedures in respect of short-term investments and the earnings per share figure disclosed in the draft financial statements. (a)In an initial audit engagement there are several factors which should be considered in addition to the planning procedures which are carried out for every audit. ISA 300 Planning an Audit of Financial Statements provides guidance in this area. ISA 300 suggests that unless prohibited by laws or regulation, arrangements should be made with the predecessor auditor,for example, to review their working papers. Therefore communication should be made with Crilly & Co to request access to their working papers for the financial year ende d 31 May 2014. The review of the previous year’s working papers would help Craggy & Co in planning the audit, for example, it may highlight matters pertinent to the audit of opening balances or an assessment of the appropriateness of Ted Co’s accountingpo licies. It will also be important to consider whether any previous years’ audit reports were modified, and if so, the reason for the modification. As part of the client acceptance process, professional clearance should have been sought from Crilly & Co. Any matters which were brought to our firm’s attention when professional clearance was obtained should be considered for their potential impact on the audit strategy. There should also be consideration of the matters which were discussed with Ted Co’s manage ment in connection with the appointment of Craggy & Co as auditors. For example, there may have been discussion of significant accounting policies which may impact on the planned audit strategy. Particular care should be taken in planning the audit procedures necessary to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding opening balances, and procedures should be planned in accordance with ISA 510 Initial Audit Engagements – Opening Balances. For example, procedures should be performed to determine whether the opening balances reflect the application of appropriate accounting policies and determining whether the prior period’s closing balances have been correctly brought forward into the current period. With an initial audit engagement it is particularly important to develop an understanding of the business, including the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the company. This understanding must be fully documented and will help the audit team to perform effective analytical review procedures and to develop an appropriate audit strategy. Obtaining knowledge of the business will also help to identify whether it will be necessary to plan for the use of auditors’ experts. Craggy & Co may have quality control procedures in place for use in the case of initial engagements, for example, the involvement of another partner or senior individual to review the overall audit strategy prior to commencing significant audit procedures. Compliance with any such procedures should be fully documented. Given that this is a new audit client, that it is newly listed, and because of other risk factors to be discussed in the next part of these briefing notes, whendeveloping the audit strategy consideration should be given to using an experienced audit team in order to reduce detection risk. (b)Management bias The first audit risk identified relates to Ted Co becoming a listed entity during the year. This creates an inherent risk at the financial statement level and is caused by the potential for management bias. Management will want to show good results to the new shareholders of the company, in particular the institutional shareholders, and therefore there is an incentive for the overstatement of revenue and profit. The analytical review shows a significant increase in pro fit before tax of 48•1%,indicating potential overstatement. There is a related risk of overstatement due to Dougal Doyle and his family members retaining a 30% equity interest in Ted Co, which is an incentive for inflated profit so that a high level of dividend can be paid. It appears that governance structures are not strong, for example, there are too few non-executive directors, and therefore Dougal Doyle is in a position to be able to dominate the board and to influence the preparation of the financial statements.This increases the risk of material misstatement due to management bias. There is also a risk that management lacks knowledge of the reporting requirements specific to listed entities, for example, in relation to the calculation and disclosure of earnings per share which is discussed later in these briefing notes. E-commerce With 25% of revenue generated through the company’s website, this represents a significant revenue stream, and the income generated through e-commerce is material to the financial statements. E-commerce gives rise to a number of different audit risks, including but not limited to the following. For the auditor, e-commerce can give rise to detection risk, largely due to the paperless nature of the transactions and the fact there is likely to be a limited audit trail, making it difficult to obtain audit evidence. For the same reason, control risk is increased, as it can be hard to maintain robust controls unless they are embedded into the software which records the transaction. The auditor may find it difficult to perform tests on the controls of the system unless audit software is used, as there will be few manual controls to evaluate. A risk also arises in terms of the recognition of sales revenue, in particular cut-off can be a problem where sales are made online as it can be difficult to determine the exact point at which the revenue recognition criteria of IAS 18 Revenue have been met. Hence, over or understatement of revenue is a potential risk to be considered when planning the audit. Ted Co also faces risks relating to the security of the system, for example, risks relating to unauthorised access to the system,and there is an increased risk of fraud. All of these risks mean that there is high audit risk in relation to the revenue generated from the company’s website. Licence income The licence income which is deferred in the statement of financial position represents 13•4% of total assets and is therefore material. There is a risk that the accounting treatment is not appropriate, and there are two separate risks which need to be considered.First, it may be the case that the revenue from the sale of a licence should not be deferred at all. The revenue recognition criteria of IAS 18 need to be applied to the transaction, and if, for example, it were found that Ted Co has no ntinuing management involvement and that all risk and reward had been transferred to the buyer, then the revenue should be recognised immediately and not deferred. This would mean a significant understatement of revenue and profit. Second, if it is appropriate that the revenue is deferred, for example, if Ted Co does retain managerial involvement and has retained the risk and reward in relation to the licence arrangement, then the period over which the revenue is recognised could be inappropriate, resulting in over or understated revenue in the accounting period. Foreign exchange transactions Ted Co’s products sell in over 60 countries and the products are manufactured overseas, so the。

Time allowed Reading and planning:15 minutes Writing: 3 hoursP a p e r P 1Section A –This ONE question is compulsory and MUST be attempted1Lysus surgical supplies was founded 20 years ago by entrepreneur Simon Mara who has been the company’s chief executive since the outset. Incorporated as a private company, Lysus began by importing small surgical devices such as syringes and bandages, and selling them to hospitals, clinics and medical facilities. But the company began to grow rapidly when Mr Mara realised the potential of a growing market in knee and hip joint replacements as the population in many countries was rapidly ageing due to the wider availability of more effective, low cost medicines.Fifteen years ago, he began to manufacture the surgical hip and knee joints used for most joint replacement surgery.As a company operating in the surgical supplies industry, Lysus has always been subject to regulation and must complete compliance reports every year to declare that it is using surgical grade materials for its manufacturing and also that it maintains the requisite level of hygiene in its processes. These reports are a legal compliance matter and must be signed by two directors.Lysus surgical supplies has been a private family (or ‘insider’) company throughout its history. Owned jointly by Simon Mara, his wife and brother, Mr Mara owns 51% of the shares, his wife, 20% and his brother 29%. All three are directors of Lysus surgical supplies. As the company grew, they sought to employ members of the extended family as much as possible, partly to provide them with jobs and partly to ‘give a feeling of family’ in the company. It was often described as a ‘tight-knit’ culture with family members occupying the senior positions and with few appointments made from outside the company to important roles. When the company grew to a certain size, Mr Mara decided that he needed a qualified accountant on the board of directors to help with investment appraisals, costings, cash flow management, compliance issues and financial reporting. He eventually appointed Amy T sang, a relatively inexperienced but ambitious person to the board. This was her first role as finance director.Simon Mara was known to be a strong and domineering person. Some former employees described him as a bully who was unable to discuss matters in a calm manner. He was described as quick to anger and capable of intimidating even his senior colleagues such that they would feel unable to challenge him at all. This was also the case with Amy T sang, the new finance director. She found him overbearing and impossible to challenge. She always did as he asked, even when she felt uncomfortable with what she was being asked to do.When the joint replacement industry became more competitive, Mr Mara had the idea that he could reduce the company’s unit costs by switching some of the surgical-grade materials used in manufacture for a cheaper industrial grade instead. Such a switch would be undetectable to the surgeons using the artificial joints but did increase the risk of fracture and deterioration once the replacement joints were used in a patient. Mr Mara asked Amy Tsang, as an accountant and finance director, to produce detailed costing calculations for the switch and to forecast how this change would affect profits. She also calculated the costs of retooling the factory to allow the industrial grade material to be used. Later, on Mr Mara’s instruction, she approved the investment and oversaw the changes in manufacturing and the purchasing processes, in the full knowledge that such changes were both illegal and unethical. Mr Mara assumed that because many of the senior employees were family members, and that he could control Amy T sang, that the switch to industrial grade material would go undetected.The problem came to the public attention some time later when joints made from the inferior material began to deteriorate and immobilise previously mobile patients. The industrial grade material used in the joints often caused infection in patients and some vulnerable patients died of the effects of the product failure.John Qua was the investigative journalist who brought the problems at Lysus to national attention. He thought that the problems arose as a result of a probity risk and that the probity or integrity failure was on the part of Mr Mara and Amy T sang. Mr Qua’s mother had received a Lysus hip joint and subsequently experienced a great deal of pain and distress when the joint deteriorated, producing some unfortunate side effects including blood poisoning. Although his mother was able to have the joint safely removed and replaced by a better quality artificial joint, John Qua researched further and found other patients who had not been so fortunate. It was John Qua’s investigations into Lysus which alerted the regulatory authorities to the use of the inferior materials in the joints. It soon emerged that the cause of the increased failure of the implants was the use of the inferior industrial-grade material.When the regulator responsible for the safety of surgical supplies discovered, thanks to John Qua’s research, why the joints degraded, they investigated the use of the inferior materials. The legal officers investigating the case noted that two directors had signed the most recent compliance reports, certifying that the company was fully compliant with material usage and quality standards. These were Simon Mara and Amy T sang.John Qua was angry with Lysus surgical supplies, because of how his mother and others had suffered. He was particularly angry with Simon Mara and Amy Tsang. As a business journalist, he often wrote articles on the behaviour and performance of listed companies. He became convinced that it was in the public interest for producers of surgical supplies, such as Lysus, to be subject to the regulatory requirements of listed companies. In a published article, he wrote:…whenever I look at company failures such as that at Lysus, I become increasingly convinced that robust ways of embedding risk awareness and risk management are essential in all companies and not just in listed companies. It was the fact that Mr Mara could get away with his offences that is most worrying. He bullied a young accountant, Miss Tsang, into highly unprofessional behaviour, and without the systems in place to enable the offence to be challenged internally, he initially got away with it. Had a whistleblowing system been in place, or a separation of roles at the head of the company, Mr Mara could not have done this terrible thing. Someone would have challenged him and told him not to be so unethical and arrogant.The result is that, with such a high impact business risk having been realised, innocent people working for Lysus may lose their jobs whilst patients may have to suffer the effects of this for many years.Once the case came to the public attention, Mr Mara was arrested and prosecuted for the illegal sale of non-compliant surgical materials. Amy T sang was also prosecuted and then investigated by her professional accounting body. After an appeal, she was ‘struck off’, thereby preventing her from working as an accountant in the future. The company itself was wound up after sales declined, and all 130 employees lost their jobs. Patients continue to suffer the effects of the defective joint replacements and will do for several years into the future.Required:(a)Distinguish between the governance of a family-owned company like Lysus and a publicly listed company,and explain how Mr Mara may not have committed the offences he did if Lysus had been a publicly listed company.(10 marks) (b)Criticise Amy Tsang’s behaviour as the finance director and a qualified accountant, and explain how sheacted against the public interest.(10 marks) (c)Briefly explain why some risks vary by industry sector and discuss why legal risk might be more relevant tosurgical suppliers like Lysus than in some other industry sectors.(8 marks) (d)Write an article for the specialist magazine Investors in Companies which covers the following points. Youmay assume that the magazine has an educated readership.(i)Discuss the potential benefits which an effective non-executive chairman could have brought to Lysus.(8 marks)(ii)Explain, in the context of the case, how risk awareness, including probity risk, might be embedded in a company like Lysus.(10 marks) Professional marks will be awarded in part (d) for tone, format, flow and persuasiveness of the article.(4 marks)(50 marks)Section B –TWO questions ONLY to be attempted2Rosey and Atkins (R&A) is one of the largest institutional investors in the country. Its investment strategy has traditionally been to own a minor shareholding in each of the top 200 companies on the stock exchange. The R&A shareholding is typically between 2% and 10% of each company and it manages funds for over two million clients (people and businesses who buy into share funds managed by R&A).Established over 200 years ago, R&A has always believed itself to be socially responsible. As part of its CSR strategy, R&A recently purchased 100% of the shares in a national housebuilder, Natcon, which it owned as a direct holding and did not include in its managed funds. Natcon, in turn, owned a large amount of land suitable for future low cost housing development. The R&A website reported that the reason for this purchase was to address the board’s concerns over a shortage of affordable housing in the country which R&A felt they could help to address by having outright ownership of Natcon. R&A reported that there was a large social need for affordable homes, and it hoped to create many hundreds of new low cost homes each year.Natcon wanted to build a large estate of new homes in the town of Housteads and the local government authority granted the required building permission. But the nearby University of Housteads strongly opposed it because it believed the new houses would ruin what was considered to be a panoramic view from the university campus which helped it to recruit staff and students to the university. Both the Housteads local government authority and the University of Housteads had money from reserves invested as clients (i.e. fund investors) with R&A, but with the university having a substantially smaller investment in the fund than the local government authority. The local government authority also owned shares in R&A, meaning that it was both an investor in funds and a shareholder in R&A.Required:(a)Distinguish between private and institutional shareholders, and discuss the agency problems which mightarise when an institutional shareholder such as R&A holds money in funds on behalf of clients (i.e. investors in R&A funds).(7 marks)(b)Explain the difference between ‘corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy’ and ‘strategic CSR’, andconstruct the argument that the purchase of Natcon (the house builder) is an example of strategic CSR.(10 marks)(c)Explain how stakeholder claims are sometimes in conflict and, using a suitable stakeholder analysisframework, assess the competing claims of the local government authority and the University of Housteads in the proposed housing development.(8 marks)(25 marks)3 A major corporate governance code contains the following entry on audit committees.The board should establish formal and transparent arrangements for considering how they should apply the corporate reporting and risk management and internal control principles and for maintaining an appropriate relationship with the company’s external auditors.The board should establish an audit committee of at least three, or in the case of smaller companies, two, independent non-executive directors. In smaller companies the company chairman may be a member of, but not chair, the committee in addition to the independent non-executive directors, provided he or she was considered independent on appointment as chairman. All audit committee members should be considered independent upon appointment to the committee. The board should satisfy itself that at least one member of the audit committee has recent and relevant financial experience.When Hafnium Company floated on the stock exchange, it attempted to establish the audit committee required by the listing rules. It was unable to recruit a non-executive director with the requisite financial experience so it appointed experienced non-executive director, Sophie Xu, as the committee chairman. Sophie Xu was a technical engineer. She was appointed to the board of Hafnium because of her expertise in the technology used by Hafnium and she understood the company’s business model and its systems. But she did not understand financial matters.Sophie Xu told colleagues that she did not understand much about the concept of independence. She said that in her own field of engineering, colleagues inside and outside a certain company often supported each other and that this was often encouraged. As a community of specialists, they often found that helping each other was an important part of professional life over the years. Accordingly, she said she did not really understand why independence was important for audit committee members. She also said that she did not understand much about the company’s relationship with the external auditors.Required:(a)Define ‘independence’ in the context of audit committees, and explain why audit committee members shouldbe ‘considered independent’ at the time of their appointment.(8 marks)(b)Discuss how the inability of Hafnium Company to recruit a person with ‘recent and relevant financialexperience’ might threaten the effectiveness of the audit committee’s contribution to shareholder value.(8 marks)(c)Explain the nature of an ‘appropriate relationship with the company’s external auditors’ and discuss howHafnium Company’s audit committee should respond if it believes the relationship to be too close.(9 marks)(25 marks)4Pulpo is a local pulp and paper factory. As a subsidiary of a major international company, Pulpo has not produced a social and environmental report for itself, but instead provided data which was fed into the parent company’s group report. There was some discussion about Pulpo having an environmental report on its own website but no resources were provided for its development, so nothing ever materialised.Mary Wong was the manager at Pulpo whose responsibility was to monitor and report on environmental emissions.It was her responsibility to monitor emissions and to feed data into the company’s internal control systems on resource consumption (energy and water) and waste. It was a job she enjoyed because it enabled her to express her personal concern for the environment in her work. When she took over her role two years ago, she was told that the company had very ambitious voluntary emission targets and that they would eventually be reduced to make the company even more environmentally responsible over time. Mary found this exciting and it was on this basis that she agreed to accept the appointment. Because of the sensitive nature of some of the data she managed, her employment terms and conditions included a confidentiality clause in which she agreed never to publicly disclose the environmental targets or the company’s performance against them.When investment in new manufacturing capital was delayed because of a deteriorating profit performance, Mary was informed that the emissions target would be temporarily increased because the ageing equipment would not be able to maintain the low level of emissions. Dismayed by this change, she complained to the company chief executive but was told that she had to accept the higher emissions until the company could afford its factory investment, which could be several years in the future.She decided that the most effective way to deal with this change was to publicise it to the local newspaper and to the nearby residents’ association, both of whom had been longstanding critics of the factory’s impacts on the environment.The public reacted angrily to the disclosure as it was already considered a ‘dirty’ factory which often emitted fumes and effluent, which polluted the local river. When the board of the company discovered her actions, she was dismissed for breach of her terms and conditions in publically disclosing the confidential information.Required:(a)Distinguish between Kohlberg’s conventional and postconventional ethical responses and explain, withreasons, which ethical approach Mary Wong took in her decision to publicise the change in emissions target.(9 marks)(b)Construct the case for Pulpo to now publish an environmental report on its own website in addition to thatprovided by the parent company.(8 marks)(c)Explain the meaning of ‘internal control’ and discuss why a sound internal control system is necessary inmanaging Pulpo’s environmental footprint.(8 marks)(25 marks)End of Question Paper。

2015年注册会计师全国统一考试《审计》真题一、单项选择题（本题型共25小题，每小题1分，共25分，每小题只有一个正确答案，请从每小题的备选答案中选出一个你认为正确的答案，用鼠标标点击相应的选项。

）1.下列有关注册会计师执行的业务提供的保证程度的说法中，正确的是（）。

A.鉴证业务提供高水平保证B.代编财务信息提供合理保证C.财务报表审阅提供有限保证D.对财务信息执行商定程序提供低水平保证答案：C【解析】执行商定程序、编制财务报表信息是相关服务，不涉及保证，选项BD错误;鉴证业务包括审计、审阅和其他鉴证业务，而审阅提供有限保证，低于高水平保证，选项C错误。

2.在判断注册会计师是否按照审计准则的规定执行工作以应对舞弊风险时，下列各项中，不需要考虑的是（）。

A.注册会计师是否根据具体情况实施了审计程序，并获取了充分、适当的审计证据B.注册会计师在审计过程中是否保持了职业怀疑C.注册会计师是否识别出舞弊导致的财务报表重大错报D.注册会计师是否根据审计证据评价结果出具了恰当的审计报告答案：C【解析】如果在完成审计工作后发现舞弊导致的财务报表重大错报，特别是串通舞弊或伪造文件记录导致的重大错报，并不必然表明注册会计师没有遵守审计准则，选项C错误。

3.下列有关职业怀疑的说法中，错误的是（）。

A．职业怀疑与所有职业道德基本原则均密切相关B．职业怀疑是保证审计质量的关键要素C．职业怀疑要求注册会计师质疑相互矛盾的审计证据的可靠性D．保持职业怀疑可以提高审计程序设计和执行的有效性答案：A4.在了解组成部分注册会计师后，下列情形中，集团项目组可以采取措施消除其疑虑或影响的是（）。

A．组成部分注册会计师不符合与集团审计相关的独立性要求B．集团项目组对组成部分注册会计师的专业胜任能力存有重大疑虑C．集团项目组对组成部分注册会计师的职业道德存有重大疑虑D．组成部分注册会计师不处于积极有效的监管环境中答案：D【解析】如果组成部分注册会计师不符合与集团审计相关的独立性要求，或集团项目组对组成部分注册会计师职业道德、专业胜任能力和所处的监管环境存有重大疑虑，集团项目组应当就组成部分财务信息获取充分、适当的审计证据，而不应要求组成部分注册会计师对组成部分财务信息执行相关工作，ABC错误。

2015年注册会计师考试《审计》真题及答案解析一、单选题1.下列参与审计的人员中，不属于注册会计师的专家的是()A.对保险合同进行精算的会计师事务所精算部门人员B.受聘于会计师事务所对投资性房地产进行评估的资产评估师C.对与企业重组相关的复杂税务问题进行分析的会计师事务所税务部门人员D.就复杂会计问题提供建议的会计师事务所技术部门人员【参考答案】D【考点解析】选项ABC属于注册会计师的专家，选项D没有逃出会计的圈子，不属于注册会计师的专家，作对此道题目，需要针对专家的定义进行准确把握，具体参考教材P331。

2.下列有关审计证据的说法中，正确的是()A.外部证据与内部证据矛盾时，注会会计师应当采用外部证据B.审计证据不包括会计师事务所接受与保持客户或业务时实施质量控制程序获取的信息C.注册会计师可以考虑获取审计证据的成本与所获取的信息的有用性之间的关系D.注册会计师无需鉴定作为审计证据的文件记录的真伪【参考答案】C【考点解析】选项A，产生矛盾，首先应查明原因，之后再确定采用哪个审计证据，选项B，审计证据包括会计师事务所接受与保持客户或业务时实施质量控制程序获取的信息，选项D，审计工作通常不涉及鉴定文件记录的真伪，注册会计师也不是鉴定文件记录真伪的专家，但应当考虑用作审计证据的信息的可靠性。

3.下列与会计估计审计相关的程序中，注册会计师应当在风险评估阶段实施的是()A.确定管理层是否恰当运用与会计估计相关的财务报告编制基础B.复核上期财务报表中会计估计的结果C.评价会计估计的合理性D.确定管理层做出会计估计的方法是否恰当【参考答案】B【考点解析】参考教材P358倒数第5段，注册会计师应当复核上期财务报表中会计估计的结果，其他三个选项均是风险应对阶段实施的。

4.下列各项中，注册会计师评价内部审计的客观性时通常不需要考虑的是()A.内部审计人员是否不承担任何互相冲突的责任B.被审计单位是否存在有关内部审计人员培训的既定政策C.管理层是否根据内部审计的建议采取行动D.治理层是否监督与内部审计相关的人事决策【参考答案】B【考点解析】内部审计应当具有与其履行职责相应的组织地位，选项D需要考虑，内部审计最理想的状态是内部审计不负有任何执行责任，选项A需要考虑，注册会计师还应当关注被审计单位的治理层和管理层是否重视内部审计的意见和建议，是否建立有关内部审计意见的反馈机制，内部审计意见是否能够得以落实，选项C需要考虑，所以选项B正确。

杭州电子科技大学学生考试卷（ A 答案）卷考试课程审计考试日期2015年 6 月日成绩课程号教师号任课教师姓名考生姓名学号（8位）年级专业审计一、单项选择题：（2×20，共40分）1.D2.C3. B4.D5. C6.C7.B8.A9. D 10.B11. D 12.B 13. A 14.C 15. C 16.D 17.C 18.C 19. B 20.B二、多项选项题：（2×5，共10分，多选不给分，少选一个扣0.5分）1. ABCD2.ABC3. BC4.ABCD5. ABCD三、判断题：（1×1.5，共15分）1．×2．×3．×4．0 5．0 6．0 7．0 8．×9．0 10．×一、单项选择题：（1.5×20，共30分）1．如果丁公司某银行账户的银行对账单余额与银行存款日记账余额不符，最有效的审计程序是（）A.重新测试相关的内部控制B.检查银行存款日记账中记录的资产负债表日后的收付情况C.检查银行存款日记账中记录的资产负债表日前后的收付情况D.检查该银行账户的银行存款余额调节表2、在审计计划阶段，注册会计师王某正在考虑制订审计重要性水平，如果被审计单位属于劳动密集型企业时，审计人员可以选用的会计报表层次的重要性水平的判断基础是（）。

A、资产总额B、净资产C、营业收入D、职工人数3.下列认定中，与销售信用批准相关的是（）A 发生B 计价与分摊C 完整性 D权利和义务4.在应收账款审计过程中，审计人员实施了如下审计程序；（1）应收账款账龄分析；（2）与管理层讨论可能的重大坏账损失。

其目的是（）。

A、确定资产负债表日应收账款余额是否正确B、可收回应收账款是否得到恰当表述和揭示C、资产负债表日所有重大应收账款金额是否正确D、应收账款的可收回性5、在了解控制环境时，C注册会计师通常考虑的因素是（）。

A.内部控制的人工成分B.内部控制的自动化成分C.丙公司董事会对内部控制重要性的态度和认识D.会计信息系统6．关于函证，说法错误的是（）A.消极函证下，未收到函证时视同对方认可函证的金额。