中考英语名词讲解及练习

名词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。

一、名词的分类名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称jim , china, qingdao, the uk, the great wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat, country集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love,care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。

第一个字母必须大写。

专有名词前一般不加冠词。

2、由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。

3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，eg. beer （）----a beer （），work（）--- a work （）glass（）---a glass （），room（）---a room（）二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。

1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。

名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s 在清辅音后读/s/jeeps, pats , clocks 在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos,tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe 结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/;/θz/mouths, paths; months,2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse--mice②单复数同形eg. chinese-chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,…③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor—men doctors, a woman tea cher--women teachers注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, et c;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。

他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。

物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。

不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。

eg. food 食物--- foods （），time 时间--- times （），green 绿色---greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope ---hopes 希望hardship --- hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. they got much _____ from those new books.a. ideasb. photosc. newsd. storieshave two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.a. orange, orangeb. oranges, orangesc. oranges, oranged. orange, oranges3. Every evening E r. king takes a _________ to his home .a. 25 minutes’walkb. 25 minute’s walkc. 25 minute walkd. 25 minutes walk4. An old _______ wants to see you.a. peopleb. personc. the peopled. the person5. Help yourself to __________.a. chickens and applesb. ch ickens and applec. chicken and appled. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.a. room’s numberb. rooms’numberc. r oom numbersd. rooms’numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has beco me her second _________.a. familyb. housec. homed. room8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because the y have gone to shanghai .and peter’s b. Mary and peter ’s and peter d. M ary’s and pete r’s9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.a. her uncleb. her uncle’sc. her unclesd. aunt’s10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t________ i n teaching.a. many experiencesb. much experiencec. an experienced. a lot exper ience练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1．Last night, there was a food accident. the _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.a. child, livesb. children, lifec. children, livesd. child, life2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---ok, How happy they both looked!a. my father and motherb. my moth er and father'sc. my mother's and father's father's and my mother3. The new student is in __________ , grade two.a. class thirdb. third classc. class threed. three class4. Today is september 10th. it's __________ day. let's go a nd buy some flowers for our teachers.a. teachersb. teachers'c. the tea chers'd. teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. it's only _________ bicy cle ride.an hours' b. half an hour's c. half an h our d. an hour and a half6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?--- _________, please.cup of coffee b. two cups of coffec. two cups of coffeed. two cups of coffees7. During christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _________.a. funb. wishesc. interestd. thanks8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.a. childb. boyc. boysd. childs9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.a. two weeksb. two-weeksc. two weeks'd. two week's10. They are those _________ put them on the bus.a. visitorb. visitorsc. visitor'sd. visitors'How many workers are there in your factory?--- There are two ___________.a. hundredsb. hundredc. hundred o fd. hundreds of12. ---what do you think of the _______ the moonlight sonata by beethoven?--- It sounds really wonderful.a. subjectb. musicc. bookd. animal13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fr idge.a. placeb. roomc. fieldd. ground14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating ita. woolb. porkc. muttond. milk15. if you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.a. medicineb. lessonsc. photosd. ex ercise16. my school is about twenty ________ walk from here.a. minuteb. minutes'c. minutes'sd. minutes17. mum, i have _______ to tell you!a. a good newsb. some good newsc. some go od newesd. much good news18. which is the ________ to the post office?a. streetb. wayc. roadd. address19. i stayed at ________ last sunday.a. my unclesb. my uncles'c. my uncle' sd. my uncle's family20. maths ________ not easy to learn.a. areb. isc. amd. were冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词(the)知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、不定冠词的用法1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：She is a girl.Pass me an apple , please.2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。