Education in Britain

Chapter 11.( )people in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry.英国不同地区的人们喜欢用这个名字英格兰引用他们的国家。

2.( )The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flowsthrough western England.塞文河是英国最长的河流,它起源于威尔士和英格兰西部流过。

3.( )Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.今天有一半以上的人仍然在威尔士说古代威尔士的语言。

4.( )In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.在人口和面积方面,北爱尔兰是英国第二大的一部分。

5.( )Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls below -10o C in January.虽然在英国通常是温和的气候,在苏格兰北部的温度经常低于-10年1月份oc6.( )The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.英国的大多数人是盎格鲁撒克逊人的后裔。

7.( )The Celtic people were earliest known inhabitants of Britain.英国凯尔特人们现知最早的定居者。

第十讲Education in BritainEducation in Britain is carried out in three stage：primary，secondary and higher cation is compulsory forchildren between the ages of 5 and 16.Independent schools are fee-paying institutions，providing pupils with two stages of education：in prep schools and public schools.Public schools are the most expensive and the best known of independent schools for their house system and prefect system.Examinations for secondary schooling are represented by the three main certificates：the certificate of Secondary Education（CSC），the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education （“O” Level of GCE）and the Advanced Level of the General Certificate of Education （“A” Level of GCE）.All universities are private institution;each having its own governing council and deriving nearly all of its funds from state grants.Universities in Britain can be roughly divided into three groups：Oxbridge，redbrick and new universities.“Oxbridge” refers to the two most fam ous higher education institutions in England：Oxford and Cambridge. Included in this group are four other universities founded in Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries.“Redbrick” is a name for a group of universities founded between 1850 and 1930，aimed at providing higher education for local inhabitants who could not afford the cost of going away from home for their studies.The New universities were all founded after World War II. Despite the newness of these institutions，they quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.What deserve special attention of the three categories of universities are the college system and the tutorial system of Oxford and Cambridge.•The Open University ia an innovation in the late 1960’s，which provides chances for people of all ages and to which entry is much less restricted.•Schoolteachers must have a certain qualification for teaching and are paid according to a set standard，with supplements.•The central Department of Education and Science and the Local Education Authorities（L E As）jointly administered education in Britain，with the main responsibility left to the L E As.•The L E As control all state schools，and each school has a governing board. An independent school has a separately constituted board of governments，which controls the finances and appoints the headmaster. The majority of children attend state•State education is in two stages：primary education and secondary education. Primary education takes place in three categories of schools：nursery schools，infant schools and junior schools，and secondary education in a variety of schools：grammar schools，secondary modern schools，technical schools and comprehensive schools.1.HistoryAmerican education，like all the other elements of American culture ，is rooted in the Old World. Coming to the American wildness with a belief that education was fundamental to religion and to service for the commonwealth，the settlers began their work in establishing an education system soon after their arrival. By the American Revolution，something of an American pattern of education was emerging.⏹With the achievement of independence，Americaneducation came into its own. Among the Founding Fathers of the United States ，Thomas Jefferson made the most contribution to American educational philosophy and practice.⏹The Post-Civil War era was marked by the proliferating ofcompulsory education laws and the rapid expansion of public⏹After the turn of 20th century，a variety of federal programsexerted great influence on education. Racial segregation in education was declared unconstitutional.⏹With the achievement of independence，American educationcame into its own. Among the Founding Fathers of the United States ，Thomas Jefferson made the most contribution to American educational philosophy and practice.⏹The Post-Civil War era was marked by the proliferating ofcompulsory education laws and the rapid expansion of public schools.⏹After the turn of 20th century，a variety of federal programsexerted great influence on education. Racial segregation in education was declared unconstitutional.2.Administration⏹Since the US constitution mentions nothing on education，all educational matters are left to individual states.⏹On the state level，educational policy is generally theresponsibility of a state board of citizens. Yet there is no uniform pattern of state administration.⏹Most state boards are appointed，but a few are elected.⏹Local administration，too，varies tremendously. Thegeneral pattern is that local schools are governed by local school boards. There are，however，numerous exceptions.⏹Founds for schools come form 3 sources：local propertytaxes，state，and national government. Two extreme cases are Hawaii and New Hampshire.⏹Most Colleges and universities are administered byseparate university boards. Public higher education is financed at least two thirds by state and federal grants with the balance paid by students. Private colleges and universities support themselves，and levy high tuition charges.3.Practices⏹American education mainly falls into 3 categories：elementary education，secondary education，and higher education.⏹Elementary education covers 12 years with a number Of subdivisions.⏹Elementary education has experienced a shift inemphasis on its goals: form a sense of responsibility to the development of autonomous individuals.⏹Secondary education is identified withseveral different kinds of high schools: vocational and technical high schools, academic high schools, and comprehensive highschools, each having a somewhat different mission.⏹Higher education includes undergraduate study andgraduate study. The former lasts for four while the latter varies with different fields of study.⏹Professors teach undergraduates bygiving lectures supplemented by class discussions between them, and give different examinations for different purposes.⏹In order to receive an undergraduate degree,students are required to complete successfully a minimum number of credits for their courses. Each course is worth a certain number of credits depending on how many hours of classes or other teaching activities they have each week.⏹Graduate work leads to the master’s degree and,beyond that, the doctor’s degree, both of which emphasize preparation for research or professional practice.•Assistantships are available in many graduate schools. Students awarded assistantships are expected to devote up to 20 hours each week for certain duties.• A central factor in the operation of higher education institutions is that it is the faculty that determines the students’recruitment, the length of study, the curriculum, andthe selection of teaching staff.•One unique characteristic of American higher education is that colleges and universities, especially the land-grant universities and the public community colleges, offer a wide range of services to the communities they serve.。

Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry。

(F）2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales andflows through western England。

（T）3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welshlanguage。

(F)4.In terms of population and area，Northern Ireland is the second largest part ofBritain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild，the temperature in northernScotland often falls below —10℃ in January 。

（F）6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo—Saxons。

（T）7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.（T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury。

（F）Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented。

英语听力文章：Education in Britain DIALOGUE 541--At what age do children start school in yourcountry?2--At five.1--Do boys and girls go to school together?2--Yes, they do.1--Do you think this is a good idea?2--Yes, I do.1--Do some children go on to university?2--Yes, they do.1--What examinations do they take first?2--'O' levels and 'A' levels.1--How long do they usually stay at university?2--Three or four years.===================================注解：1）Do boys and girls go to school together?意思是男女生是否同校就读。

男女生同校的教育制度称作coeducational system。

英国早期是男女生分开学校读书的。

2）O levels(ordinary levels)指高级水平测试，相当高中毕业水平，通过测试的学生，可升入大学或大专学校学习。

===================================译文：1--在你们国家儿童几岁上学？2--5岁。

1--男孩子和女孩子同校上学吗？2--是的。

1--你觉得这样好吗？2--我认为很好。

1--有些孩子一直读到大学吗？2--是的。

1--上大学首先要通过哪些考试？2--O水平测试和A水平测试。

1--他们一般读几年大学？2--3至4年。

英国学校和中国学校的区别英语作文The education systems in Britain and China have distinct features that reflect the cultural and historical differences between the two countries. While both systems aim to provide students with a well-rounded education, the approaches and priorities often vary significantly. In this essay, we will explore some of the key differences between British and Chinese schools.One of the most notable differences lies in the teaching methodology. British schools tend to emphasize a more interactive and student-centered approach, encouraging critical thinking, independent learning, and open discussions. Teachers act as facilitators, guiding students to explore topics and develop their own perspectives, rather than solely imparting information. This approach is often rooted in the British educational philosophy that values the development of well-rounded individuals who can think critically and adapt to a rapidly changing world.In contrast, Chinese schools are often characterized by a more teacher-centered, exam-oriented approach. Lessons typically involvea significant amount of direct instruction, with teachers delivering content and students expected to absorb and memorize the information. The focus is on mastering the curriculum and achieving high scores on standardized exams, which are seen as the primary measure of academic success. This approach is influenced by the Confucian tradition, which emphasizes the importance of respect for authority, discipline, and the pursuit of academic excellence.Another key difference lies in the role of extracurricular activities. In British schools, extracurricular programs are highly valued and often integrated into the overall educational experience. Students are encouraged to participate in a wide range of activities, such as sports, arts, music, and community service, which are seen as crucial for developing well-rounded individuals. These activities not only provide opportunities for personal growth and exploration but also help students build essential skills, such as teamwork, leadership, and time management.In contrast, the emphasis in Chinese schools is often more heavily weighted towards academic performance, with extracurricular activities sometimes viewed as secondary or even a distraction from the primary goal of academic achievement. While Chinese students do participate in some extracurricular activities, the time and resources dedicated to these pursuits are generally more limited compared to their British counterparts.The assessment and grading systems also differ significantly between the two education systems. British schools typically employ a more diverse range of assessment methods, including coursework, presentations, and project-based evaluations, in addition to traditional exams. This approach aims to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of a student's knowledge, skills, and abilities, rather than relying solely on a single test score.On the other hand, the Chinese education system is heavily focused on high-stakes examinations, particularly the gaokao, the national college entrance exam. This exam is seen as the primary determinant of a student's academic future, as it largely determines the university they can attend. As a result, Chinese students often face immense pressure to excel in these exams, which can lead to a more narrow and intense focus on test preparation, sometimes at the expense of broader learning and personal development.The role of parental involvement and expectations also differs between the two education systems. In Britain, parents are generally encouraged to be active partners in their child's education, with opportunities for regular communication and collaboration with teachers. The emphasis is on supporting the child's individual growth and fostering a positive learning environment at home.In China, parental involvement is often more intense and directive. Parents tend to have high academic expectations for their children and are deeply involved in their educational journey, sometimes exerting significant pressure on their children to achieve academically. This parental influence is rooted in the Confucian value of filial piety, which emphasizes the importance of respecting and obeying one's elders, including parents and teachers.Finally, the physical environments of British and Chinese schools can also vary significantly. British schools often have more spacious and well-equipped facilities, with a focus on providing a comfortable and stimulating learning environment. Classrooms are typically designed to encourage collaboration and interactive learning, with flexible seating arrangements and access to technology.In contrast, Chinese schools may have more limited physical resources, with larger class sizes and a more regimented classroom layout. The emphasis is often on maximizing the efficient use of space and resources to accommodate the large student populations, rather than creating an environment that prioritizes individual learning needs.In conclusion, the education systems in Britain and China reflect the distinct cultural, historical, and societal influences that have shaped their respective approaches to education. While both systems aim toprovide students with a quality education, the differences in teaching methodologies, the role of extracurricular activities, assessment practices, parental involvement, and physical environments highlight the diverse perspectives and priorities that underlie these educational frameworks. Understanding these differences can provide valuable insights into the broader cultural and societal contexts that influence the education of young people in these two countries.。

C h a p t e r 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to A .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the C century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the D century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the House ofCommons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and D .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic developmentChapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except D .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industry Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remainingfunds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National Vocational Qualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three”with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and is popular among500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout theterms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields exceptC .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , and eventually,to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of D .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”exceptD .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary and highereducation.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks inAmerica.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。