关于印刷方面的英语文章

行业动态（1）2009-2012, an overview of the printing industry competition patternIn 2008 the global printing industry, the overall profits shrink in 2009 in the printing industry will face more challenges ahead. In many uncertainties under the influence of each step of printing the owners will be more cautious investment plans are also required to close to the market. Over the years, the global printing market has been showing the three pillars of the situation, the United States, Europe and Asia each accounted for approximately one-third of the total market share. Specifically, the total value of 610 billion U.S. dollars in the printing market in North America, Europe and Asia, the proportion of 32%, 32% and 28%, rest of the world the proportion is only 8%. Still, some experts have predicted that by 2011, the entire printing market will take place eastward, North America and Europe, the market share will drop to 28% and 31%, Asia and other parts of the market share will rise to the 30% and 11%, while the total value of the printing market will break through 720 billion U.S. dollars.In 2008, from the U.S. financial crisis the world, raw material prices, labor costs rise, the market decline in the purchasing power of export business setback. The face of severe macro-economic situation, China and continuing to adopt a variety of favorable policies to help businesses cope with the crisis. The policies implemented in 2009 there were 9 directly benefit the printing industry. Moreover, in 2009 China's still relatively low tariffs on imports of printing equipment to implement. This series of measures promulgated by the state for the development of the printing industry have a positive effect.2009, paper-making enterprises degree of rapid recovery in the economy. Paper prices rise since the launch in May, the three-quarter speed up. As the most recent price increases, coated paper and white cardboard prices have risen from a low of 1,000 yuan more than Shuangjiao writing paper rose 300 yuan or more, newsprint, and corrugated board boxes is up more than 200 yuan. July part of the paper types (coated, white cardboard, and sided offset paper) good profitability has reached historic levels, gross margins have been restored to pre-crisis level. Coated paper and white cardboard tons net profit to reach 500-600 yuan, 300-400 yuanShuangjiao writing paper, newsprint, and corrugated board boxes 100-200 yuan.Companies all over the current paper machine production, balance production and sales, inventory levels were generally a week to 20 days from the previous month and a half months of inventory there is a significant improvement. Pulp prices are expected by year's end there will be 10-15% of the gains. But the major listed companies can use low-cost pulp to 10-11 months, so the third quarter of enterprises are the "low pulp, high-priced paper." Lower demand for paper-making industry, a significant recovery, domestic end-demand channels to fill inventory turns for the better, and are supported by increased demand for paper and paper prices rise factors. In addition, the coated paper exports increased, but also exacerbated the shortage of domestic supply kinds of paper. Major listed companies in July's level of profitability than market expectations, expected level of profitability in the third quarter reached a record single-season high. In the fourth quarter, pulp prices will continue to rise, but the company since the pulp andthe cost of locking can be partially offset by an increase in cost. The fourth quarter is the traditional peak season for paper, paper prices are also expected to rise further.According to "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" to "Eleventh Five-Year," the end of China's industrial output value of the printing industry is expected to reach about 440 billion yuan, accounting for 2.5% of gross national product; print production and processing capacity will enter the world. 2010, the world's total print market growth of 3% to 4%, the printing industry faces increasing competition and pressure. In 2010, when digital printing will now accounts for 4% of the printing market share increased to 14%, including ink-jet technology will account for half of 2015, the global digital printing output will reach 124.8 billion euros; is expected in 2010 When printed the overall growth rate between 3% -4%.As China's economic development and with the international economy, international capital into China's printing industry was accelerated. By 2020, about half of the world's printed materials to digital presses for production. Variable data printing will be the main driving force for the industry. In the next decade, with ink-based printing technology to make their part of the market, giving away digital printing technology, but digital printing technology will never replace offset printing.A series of figures show the development of China's printing industry prospects.（2）Large-format printing companies to expand services in 2010According to Fespa (Federation of European Screen Printing Association) the latest "Economic Survey" report shows: large-format printing companies will introduce more new services in 2010 and will continue to explore new markets in order to enhance their economic strength.Fespa and market research firm InfoTrends, together more than 200 large-format printing companies to conduct a survey, resulting in more than 70% of the respondents are already using the new technology; there is more than 60% of the companies do a good job to enter new markets and open up additional sales channels preparations.In the 217 respondents, one fifth of people felt the market's recovery, despite the 56.4% claimed that they experienced last year was the most difficult year. In addition, one quarter of respondents said they plan to increase the sales force in order to achieve market expansion.Fespa Corporate Communications Director MarcusTimson said: "This survey shows the printing business needs through the service out of the vicious competition in the printing industry, and only through the provision of services and solutions that help customers improve the efficiency of marketing and retail activities of enterprises in a difficult market environment in order to survive . "（3）An Overview of China's Printing IndustryProduction Value Sets New RecordChina is one of the most dynamic print markets in the world. From 2001 to 2005, the Chinese printing industry grew at an average rate of 14.6%. The production value created by the printing industry in 2003 set a new high at just over 2% of China’s GNP. In 2005, the value of goods and services produced increased by 10.7% as compared to the previous year, totaling 310 billion Yuan (39.4 billion USD).The gross product value of the Chinese print industry comes primarily from prepress, book publishing, newspaper publishing, packaging, and foreign-trade printing. The total usually excludes print equipment and paper products. Packaging printing ranks first, constituting about 35% of China’s total print gross product value; with book publishing second, adding up to one-fourth of the total; third is newspaper printing, accounting for 16%. These three sectors account for over 75% of the total.Though foreign-trade printing experienced a 31.8% increase last year, packaging, book, and newspaper publishing were still the top three sectors in the Chinese print industry. Packaging printing has averaged an annual growth of 9.52% for the last 5 years, and its product value jumped from 75 billion Yuan RMB ($9.5 billion) in 2001 to 108 billion Yuan ($13.7 billion) in 2005. Book publishing ranks second. Its annual growth is 16.68%, and its product value rose from 37.7 billion RMB ($4.8 billion) in 2001 to 75 billion ($9.5 billion) in 2005.The product value of newspaper publishing went up to 50.5 billion in 2005 ($7.87 billion) from 32.8 billion ($4.16 billion) in 2001, averaging an increase of 11.4% over this period.Printing Enterprises Kept Growing in Recent 3 YearsIn 2003, the number of all printing enterprises in China totaled 92,389 (excluding 71,256 typing and copying companies), with 2,477 new printing enterprises. The number of persons employed in the trade reached 2,959,300, and its gross output value amounted to 185.44 billion RMB ($23.55 billion).In 2004, there were 94,282 various printing enterprises in China, an increase of 1,893 compared to 2003, and a growth rate of 2.05%. Those newly established enterprises were, for the most part, private and foreign invested companies and the enterprise ownership mix did not changeappreciably, with state-owned printing enterprises comprising 7.63% of the total.As of November 2005, the number of printing enterprises in China reached 97,391. There were 85,326 copying and typing companies (usually considered separately from other printing enterprises) for a combined total of 182,717 enterprises. Among these printing businesses, there were 5,935 publication printing enterprises, or 6.09% of the total; 37,431 were packaging printing enterprises, comprising 38.43%; 49,439 were other printing enterprises accounting for 50.76%; and there were 4,586 typesetting, plate-making and binding companies; for 4.71% of the total. The print industry as a whole employed over 3,400,000 people.Multi-Economic Components Grew SimultaneouslyWhen classified by enterprise type, state-owned and collective printing enterprises comprised 21.87%, private enterprises constituted 74.71% and foreign invested enterprises accounted for 3.42%. However, this collective data does not reflect the make-up of the individual regions. Because the coastal area opened up faster, the proportion of private enterprise and foreign founded enterprises is larger in these areas.Regarding foreign investment in the print industry, former policies have been eased; and the ability of the industry to attract foreign capital is gradually improving. From 1999 to 2001, a total of 43 enterprises with foreign investors were approved and established. In 2002, there were a total of 98 enterprises created with foreign investment, with a total investment of 500 million US dollars. In 2003, 84 more enterprises were approved with the same investment amount. There are no detailed statistics for 2004; however informed estimates are that the amount should exceed 700 million US dollars.Though foreign funded enterprises make up a relatively low percentage of the total numbers, the scale of investment is generally large. Take Beijing for example: 6 new foreign invested enterprises were approved in 2005, comprising only 4.8% of the total of 125 approved enterprises, but their registered capital investment was 146 million Yuan ($18.54 million), making up 42.82% of the total. By looking at the top 100 print enterprises in China in 2005, with annual sales income greater than 155 million Yuan, we can clearly see that foreign investment is penetrating deeply into the robust Chinese print industry.Regional Print Markets Further DevelopAs for regional economies, the Chinese print industry has distinct regional centers. There are three major print industrial zones: the Pearl River Delta Zone with Guangdong as its hub, the Yangtze River Delta Zone with Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang at the center and the Bohai Sea Rim Area Zone centered on Beijing and Tianjin. The aggregate economic volume from these three industrial zones accounts for half the total of the entire print industry in China.Among these three industrial zones, the Pearl River Delta Zone is highly export-oriented. Thirty-three percent of the businesses in the Zone come directly from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwanand other countries. More than 60% of all foreign invested print enterprises are located in the Peal River Delta; and by the year of 2010, the value of exported production will make up more than one third of the total print production value in this zone. This will allow this zone to be a major global outsourcing center for the print industry. Because of foreign investment, print enterprises in the Pearl River Delta on the whole possess more advanced facilities, better management and generate higher revenues. The Yangtze River Delta Zone is characterized primarily by its complete range of printing. It tends to offer more integrated services than the other zones. This zone will be developed into the most powerful integrated print hub in China. Because of this integration, this zone is attracting more and more foreign investment, and gradually it will overtake the Pearl River Delta in this area. The development of the Bohai Sea Rim Area lags behind the other two zones. But this zone is rich in printing resources; it possesses two fifths of the total print organizations in China. If you want to invest in publication printing, the zone should be your first choice. Beijing and Shanghai also will be developed into globally competitive bases for the production of print machinery and equipment. By 2010, the production value from these two bases will reach about 5 billion Yuan ($6.35 billion) each and 10 billion ($12.7 billion) by 2020.（4）10 of the World’s Coolest Printing PlantsPrinting plants are amazing buildings. They are massive in size, which creates an impressive structure from both the outside looking in and the inside looking out. The technology used in plants is breathtaking in complexity to say the least with super-sized printing equipment churning out copies of the day’s news whic h, when seen in action, is mesmerising.And the architectural design for the exterior of some of these places is even more appealing to the eye, even for people removed from and completely disinterested in the world of printing. From book publishers to ne wspaper printers, here are some of the world’s coolest printing plants.1. New York Times, New YorkNew York Times: The new building where the New York Times gets printed is right in the midst of everyday traffic in Queens, New York. This is appropriate for a newspaper printer since news is supposed to be for and about the masses. The bold colours used in the design are intended to liven up a workplace that could otherwise be seen as drab and mechanical. The design of this printing plant was the result of a collaboration between Polshek Partnership Architects and The New York Times administration. This is actually a controversial building due to the fact that some residents didn’t originally want the building and environmental concerns about its presence have been raised.2. APM Print, SerbiaAPM Print, Serbia: The APM Printing plant is an organisation that is significant in its contribution to the economy of Serbia. It is a joint venture between the country’s largest independent newspaper and the Association for Private Media. As one of the most successful businesses in the country as well as a place that provides local independent news, this printing plant isn’t just a cool building but is also an important part of an entire country’s economy.3. R.R. Donnelley & Sons, VirginiaR.R. Donnelley & Sons, Virginia: This 300,000 square foot book publishing plant which was erected in a growing tech park area of Roanoke, Virginia. The design of the building reflects the simple, modern style of the tech park.4. News International, EnglandNews International, England: This new Rupert Murdoch-owned printing plant is the largest printing plant in the world so you can only imagine the huge volumes of ink cartridges they get through. It’s able to easily ac commodate the printing for all four of the newspapers that fall under the News International brand and still have plenty more room for additional printing. It’s large enough to fit over twenty football stadiums inside of its walls. What’s really interestin g about this is that the large size is made up mostly of machines since this is a highly-automated printing plant that requires very little in the way of human labour.5. Amity Printing Company, ChinaAmity Printing Company, China: Did you know that t he world’s largest printing plant for Bibles is located in China? Amity Printing Company is the only Christian publishers approved in Nanjing but that hasn’t stopped the company from expanding to putting out more Bibles than any other printing plant in the entire world.6. FAZ, GermanyFAZ, Germany: The Frankfurter AllgemeineZeitung is one of the largest German newspapers and reportedly the one with the biggest circulation outside of Germany. In order to get the paper to the nearly 150 countries that it reportedly goes out to, there has to be a great printing plant behind the publication.7. McGraw-Hill, New YorkMcGraw-Hill, New York: Students across America are familiar with McGraw-Hill because this is the business that prints up the bulk of the textbooks used in their classrooms. The company prints everything from elementary school math books to advanced business books. Their company headquarters are located in New York and their printing plant is big enough to accommodate their particularly massive needs.8. Quad/Graphics Gravure Printing Plant, WisconsinQuad/Graphics Gravure Printing Plant, Wisconsin: This printing plant has the distinction of being the world’s largest gravure printing plant. This is a type of commercial press printing that does full-colour printing for publications including many top magazines. This company does over $2 billion per year in sales so it needed a printing plant capable of processing massive volumes of literature.9. Montreal Gazette, CanadaMontreal Gazette, Canada: Montreal is a bilingual city with the bulk of its news printing in French. The Gazette is currently the area’s only English-language newspaper, which makes the printing press here an important one for the cultural diversity of the area. The Gazett e’s plant is currently in the process of an upgrade to be more environmentally friendly.10. Kansas City Star, KansasKansas City Star: This daily newspaper is an important daily newspaper in the United States, having won eight Pulitzer prizes over the years for its journalistic work. While the newspaper isn’t the largest in the country, it’s got an impressive printing plant, which moved to a new, larger location in 2006, that people who live in the Kansas City area tend to be proud of.（5）China Plays a Leading Role in the Global Printing BusinessAs China becomes increasingly dominant in the global marketplace, it should perhaps come as no surprise that the exact nature of China’s involvement in commerce is shifting, with growth in yet uncharted territories. China has managed to transform itself into a truly international player.If the figures that are emerging ahead of the 2010 International IPEX exhibition at the NEC in Birmingham are anything to go by, China is now one of just two or three countries, alongside the USA and Japan, which today can claim true global status in the printing industry.While the Chinese presence in global printing has clearly sky-rocketed over the last few years, for many China printing manufacturers, IPEX 2010 will be their second or third show. It doesn’t only demonstrate the importance of IPEX as an arrivals lounge in the global printing industry but also highlight the exhibition’s growing importance as somewhere to go to hold on to and build-upon existing market share.IPEX is now a truly global show and the Chinese are very important exhibitors of the printing industry, as we have seen recently with the Shanghai Electric and Goss International tie-up. Chinese companies now can be considered serious players in the market.It is clear that IPEX represents an invaluable platform for international print companies looking to explore global markets, and of course it also reveals the influential role of Britain as something of an international staging-post. So that’s how the Chinese and other global companies regard IPEX.For the moment at least, it looks as if the Chinese seem to be most sure of themselves in the large-scale commercial print and post-print categories, but perhaps it won’t be too long before the Chinese are making more serious inroads into digital printing as well.（6）Digital print has changed the structure for the commercial print for AmericaIn America there are 35 thousand dollars enterprises for the printing industry, and the annual income is about 100 billion dollars. The World Color Press is the best one for them. The commercial print, especially the china printing, covers a big area for us, except for the clothes,the textile, the paper, the metal, the glass and the plastic; it also includes the typewriting, the print and the book binding and so on. But the books publish, the magazines publish and the newspapers are attributed to the other print category.With the increasing need for the enterprises customers to the advertisement and the product promoting, the commercial print market is continually expanding. There is something with the sales outstanding achievement from the interest ability of every print enterprise. The big enterprises can enjoy the much cheaper price when they are purchasing the paper and the printing ink, and what is more, their customers are around all the places in the world, so they can make best use of the print machines well. But for the small enterprises for print, they can offer the much better service about some certain products when compared with the big company. According to the information, the employee for America, the average annual income is about 160 thousand dollars.The digital print technology has changed the competition structure of the commercial print market. The price of the digital color page at the present has been lower than the price of the offset print, furthermore, the enterprises, which have no adopted the digital printing, will have the risk of being out of the market.（7）All china printing to highlight economic recovery in 2011Even in the recent global economic downturn, China has been experiencing a stable development for the economic, and it is believed to be the first to recover for the country. One year after the Expo 2010 Shanghai China, the 4th all china printing, China International Exhibition for All Printing Technology and Equipment, at the Shanghai New International Expo Center from November 14 –17, 2011, will be held. It is good news for us and it is very important for the people. We are happy for that. Of both the economy for china in general and also the printing industry in particular, all china printing 2011 intends to highlight the recovery.To ease the global financial crisis, the Chinese government has implemented positive measures, and it is confident that the economic revival and the long-term stable development will be achieved. All china printing 2011 will highlight the strategic importance of innovation, integration and communication in the printing sector. With strong purchase authority from around the world, you can be offering a global platform for trade visitors, all china printing 2011 will explore new channels for printing industry developments.While last it could be held in 2008, all china printing continued the success of the previoustwo events, and it became the largest printing exhibition in China in 2008, with 742,700 square feet of exhibit space. From the prepress, printing, post-press and packaging sectors participated, a total number of the 634 national and the 634 international exhibitors. From 80 countries and regions, the 4-day event attracted 70,000 visits. The overseas buyers came from a lot of countries such as Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Iran, Thailand, India, Indonesia and Egypt as well as from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao.（8）Adding Value: International PrintingAs technology has improved and the world marketplace has become more accessible, printers and other businesses in the graphics communication industry have discovered value with international relationships in a variety of ways. Some have developed partnerships and networks, while others have expanded their businesses into other countries. Whichever their means, the common driver behind realizing value in these connections has been the evolving needs of their clients.A Network ApproachThe International Printers Network is an exclusive group of independent businesses that service the graphics communication industry. Roger Gimbel, one of IPN’s founders and an editorial advisor to Printing News, said the ability to offer international sourcing is an added value for clients.McGraw-Hill utilized the IPN to produce daily reports that needed to be distributed to multiple locations at the same time. The network produced the reports simultaneously near end-user destinations and reduced the delivery time, according to Gimbel.“They eliminated three days off the turnaround and took off all the FedEx overnight charges,” Gimbel said. “This was a project that was done every day, five days a w eek, four weeks a month. So it was a cost savings and a time savings, and it was a much better way to do it. Really the concept is getting the information as close to the receiver as you can, cutting out shipping, postage and time.”Gimbel said there are many advantages to participating in the IPN, including the ability to offer distributed print and increasing margins. In conjunction with that there are monetary and time commitments required of its members.“You have the ability of working with partners who are just as interested in you being profitable as for themselves being profitable,” Gimbel said. “So there’s an ability of the members to work together because they work as global friends. This is not a click-and-ship scenario. They operate as partners, not as supplier/vendors where you’re just calling someone from a list. There’s a relationship there, and that relationship allows people to have a discussion to say, look, I need to make X-amount of dollars on the job; I want you to work with me. And people are very flexible.”A Managed ApproachAnother organization leveraging international sourcing for better bottom lines is InnerWorkings Inc. Jim Carini, vice president of marketing, said InnerWorkings is not a traditional print broker. It is a “leading global provider of managed print and promotional solutions,” according to the Web site.Ryan Cox, InnerWorking’s procurement manager, said, “Print brokers go out to the market and get a price, put a markup on it, and resell it to their customers, whereas InnerWorkings will go out to the marketplace and purchase on behalf of our customers with savings targets in mind.”InnerWorkings has 24 locations including one in the United Kingdom, and also has personnel located in other countries where some production takes place. The personnel located outside the United States are critical to their success, according to Cox.International sourcing is a complex proposition. Managing artwork and production quality, coordinating the time line, following regulatory requirements and staying on budget make it a challenge.“Essentially those concerns are why we have people on the ground in Asia to mitigate against those, to oversee the production cycle, to make sure all international labor standards are being met, that the raw materials and working conditions and the facilities are all up to standard,” Cox said.Hank Eygenhuysen, InnerWorkings international sourcing analyst, said certain projects are better suited for production outside the United States than others. “Peop le consider international sourcing a magic bullet for finding a lower cost,” Eygenhuysen said. “It really isn’t. There are certain product categories that lend themselves more to cost savings by producing them internationally than others.”Jobs such as board games that require handwork can be good candidates for international sourcing because the cost of labor can be lower, according to Eygenhuysen. The board games InnerWorkings produced had many components—plastic pieces, metal pieces, the board itself and the exterior box—and they all came from different manufacturers and needed to be assembled in the correct order.In general, those projects that are automated, such as compact disc replication, are affected more by where and when the products will be distributed than by what it costs to utilize a particular source. Speed to market is an important consideration when assessing the feasibility of international sourcing.“For instance, if you produce a poster here in the United States or you produce a poster in China, basically they run the same length of time in production,” Eygenhuysen said. “What’s going to differ however is the proofing, which means you have to produce the proof in China and send it back here. After you produce the poster you have to ship it here, so again you lose time,。