英语被动语态详解

一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。

”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。

”再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？He opened the door.他开了门。

（____________）The door was opened.门被开了。

（____________）二、被动语态的构成被动特点强调宾（语），用be加上过去分（词）。

行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。

1. English is ___________（speak）in Canada.2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk.3. English is ___________（speak）by many people.谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。

动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。

1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week.2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949.3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools.被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.Pam（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.Pwas和were表过去。

was（were）+P.P完成have（has）been。

have（has）been+P.P将来，情态，be原形。

will（can,may,must）be+P.P进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。

am（is,are）+being+P.P被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

说明：别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的，好像看得咱们眼花缭乱啦。

其实呢，这么一堆东西归纳起来，就两点：时态和语态。

歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

说明：那么，什么时候用被动语态呢？简单的说，凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。

几种常用时态的被动语态——1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop.否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词肯定句：China was ___________（liberate）in 1949.否定句：China was not liberated in 1949.疑问句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.3.一般将来时：shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow.否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it won't.4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now.否定句：A car is not being driven now.疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government.否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year.3）The composition must be ___________（hand）in after class.4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring.三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were ___________（steal）last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was ___________（publish）in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。

所谓主动句就是由主动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people ___________（laugh）at him.→ He was ___________（laugh）at by all people.They ___________（make）the bikes in the factory.→ The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory.歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。

例如：We can ___________（repair）this watch in two days.→ This watch can be ___________（repair）in two days.You ought to ___________（take）it away.→ It ought to be ___________（take）away.They should ___________（do）it at once.→ It should be ___________（do）at once.六、含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构口诀：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾。

如若变直宾，be done后加to(或for)含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。

一种情况是把间接宾语（指人）变为主语，直接宾语（指物）不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语（指物）变为主语，间接宾语（指人）不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。

例如：1. My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→ I was given a new book（by my father）on my birthday.（间接宾语作了主语）→ A new book was given to me（by my father）on my birthday.（直接宾语作了主语）2. Father bought me a new coat.→ I was bought a new coat . （间接宾语作了主语）→ A new coat was bought for me. （直接宾语作了主语）七、补充一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。

如：He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside（by him）.I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football（by him）.有一个顺口溜方便记忆：宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。

主动句中to走开，被动句中to回来。

小小练习（）1. Basketball _____after school twice a week.A. is playedB. will be playedC. was played（）2. A lift ______ to go up and down every day.A. is usedB. are usedC. be used（）3. Shoes ____ in the shop last year.A. was soldB. is soldC. were sold（）4. In this game their hands __________.A. not be seenB. be not seenC. can’t be seen（）5. These mooncakes _______ already by Mary.A. will be eatenB. haven’t been eatenC. have been eaten（）6. He ______ to the hospital in a few minutes.A. was takenB. is takenC. will be taken（）7. My birthday cake _________yet.A. is madeB. has been madeC. hasn’t been made（）8. English _______ in this school since 1980.A. is taughtB. has been taughtC. was taught（）9. The boy ______by Ling Feng.A. are looked afterB. can be looked afterC. were looked after（）10. These treasures ______since many years ago.A. have been keptB. were keptC. are kept（）11. The garden _______ a week ago.A. is tidiedB. has been tidiedC. was tidied（）12. He wanted to know if the tickets ______ to him tomorrow.A. would be sentB. will be sentC. are sent（）13. At the crossing, a policeman _____often ________.A. is...seenB. was...seenC. are...seen（）14. Sometimes they _______ play football.A. are seen toB. are seenC. will be seen to（）15. All the clothes in the shop _______.A. is tried onB. was tried onC. can be tried on（）16. The worker said that he _______ a ladder at once.A. needsB. neededC. was neededD. is needed（）17. A doctor _______for by her last month.A. sendB. were sentC. was sentD. sent（）18. The doctor ________ Edison’s mother.A. was savedB. has been savedC. savedD. have saved（）19. So much metal ______ into small pieces here every day.A. were cutB. are cutC. is cutD. cut（）20. --- Where is Jim’s telephone number?--- It ______ on the blackboard already.A. writesB. wroteC. is writtenD. has been written。