the U.S. history2(美国历史2)

Ⅱ. 选词并用其适当形式填空 apply for; get around; be amazed by; look through; take control of; because of; other than; in the history of; make up
1. He failed in his attempt to _t_a_k_e_c_o_n_t_r_o_l_o_fthe whole country. 2. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and _b_e__a_m_a_ze_d__b_y_this ancient city. 3. Cusco is a popular destination for tourists, _b_e_ca_u_s_e__of_its unique place i_n_t_h_e__h_i_st_o_r_y__o_fSouth America.
Hale Waihona Puke Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息 1. What is the author’s intention of writing the passage? A. To recommend four tourist attractions of Peru B. To tell people to travel as often as possible C. To encourage people to do outdoor activities D. To help people learn more about Peru
town.
7. She is used to _l_oo_k_i_n_g__th_r_o_u_g_h_her notes before the examination. 8. Well, I know I’m definitely going to see the Old Town of Lijiang and Yulong Snow Mountain. _O_t_he_r__t_h_a_n_that, I’m not sure.

第二章科技英语构词法词是构成句子的要素，对词意理解的好坏直接关系到翻译的质量。

所谓构词法即词的构成方法，即词在结构上的规律。

科技英语构词特点是外来语多（很多来自希腊语和拉丁语）；第二个特点是构词方法多，除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外，还普遍采用压缩法、混成法、符号法和字母象形法。

2.1转化法（Conversion）由一种词类转化成另一种词类，叫转化法。

例如：water(n.水)→water(v.浇水)charge(n.电荷) →charge(v.充电)yield(n.产率) →yield(v.生成)dry(a.干的) →dry（v.烘干）slow(a.慢的) →slow(v.减慢)back(ad.在后、向后) →back（v.使后退、倒车）square(n.正方形) →square(a.正方形的)2.2派生法（Derivation）通过加前、后缀构成一新词。

派生法是化工类科技英语中最常用的构词法。

例如“烷烃”就是用前缀（如拉丁或希腊前缀）表示分子中碳原子数再加上“-ane”作词尾构成的。

若将词尾变成“-ane”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-yl”，则分别表示“烯”、“炔”、“醇”、“醛”、“基”、等。

依此类推，从而构成千成种化学物质名词。

常遇到这样的情况，许多化学化工名词在字典上查不到，全若掌握这种构词法，能过其前、后缀分别代表的意思，合在一起即是该词的意义。

下面通过表1举例说明。

需要注意的是，表中物质的数目词头除前四个另有名称外，其它均为表上的数目词头。

本书附录为化学化工专业常用词根及前后缀。

此外还可参阅《英汉化学化工词汇》（第三版）附录中的“英汉对照有机基名表”、“西文化学名词中常用的数止词头”及“英汉对照有机词尾表”。

据估计，知道一个前缀可帮助人们认识450个英语单词。

一名科技工作者至少要知道近50个前缀和30个后缀。

这对扩大科技词汇量，增强自由阅读能力，提高翻译质量和加快翻译速度都是大有裨益的。

Washington
乔治·华盛顿（George Washington， 1732年2月22日 --- 1799年12月14日） 美国第一任总统，被尊称为美国国父， 1793年连任，在两届任期结束后， 他自愿放弃权力不再续任，隐退于弗 农山庄园。华盛顿学者们则将他和 亚伯拉罕·林肯并列为美国历史上 最伟大的总统。
be distributed, several dozen Boston residents boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000 worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”. • The start of the war • In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize the military supplies of the American militia. When they arrived at Lexington they were met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot was fired and the War of Independence began.
and Grievances
The second Continental Congress 1775
Date: May, 1775
Place: Philadelphia
Result: The Congress founded a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. The Declaration of

Hydrogen is known to be the lightest element. １０．若要突出宾语，则往往将宾语置于主语的位置上，谓语动词用被动式． 1. 利用煤和石油可以制成各种各样有用的东西．
All sorts of useful things can be produced from coal and oil. 2. 我们知道，发电站么天都大量地产生电能．
３）她今年十八了．
She is eighteen this year. ４）北京的秋天最美．
Autumn is the most beautiful season in Beijing. ５）他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直．
The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright. ６）武汉这个地方，我认为比深圳好．
It is known that there are plenty of natural resources in that area. １０）已经达成了一想协议．
An agreement has been reached. １１）明年将出版更多的书籍．
A greater number of new books will be published next year.
９．若不知原文谓语的发出者，或主语为“大家，人们”等，或含“据说，据传” 等，译文谓语常用被动式．
1. 据说，核电站正在筹建中．
Nuclear power plants are said to be under preparation for construction. 2. 大家都知道，氢是最轻的元素．
2. 一切科技成就是建立在理性思维的基础上的，没有理性思维就不可能有科学．