Can We Reduce Students ’ Negative Attitude Towards Math
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课时作业(三) Section C Lesson 2 The Objectives of EducationⅠ.单词拼写1.Today, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region remains an international crossroads where traders from s________ (周边的) countries, and tourists from all over the world regularly meet.2.E________ (使接触;使体验) yourself to French media, such as movies, news and songs, so that you can listen to native speakers.3.It is impossible to a________ (评估) how many officers enjoy participating in a wide variety of voluntary activities.4.If you are motivated by something, especially an emotion, it will make you b________ (表现) in a particular way.5.Students should not only focus on academic study but also involve themselves in community activities, where they can g________ (获得) experience for growth.6.Li Yang shared his experience of creating wood carvings online, hoping that it would encourage more people to p________ (追求) their dreams.7.In his second book, the science writer came up with another profound i________ (见解) that some people now more or less take it for granted that natural resources are inexhaustible.8.We have all come into the world with a mission in life and we can all c________ (奉献) to making the world a better place.9.Government claimed that its primary o________ (目标) is to build a harmonious society where people are equal and differences are tolerated.10.He is a man of great integrity and sound j________ (判断) who can always tell right from wrong at the critical moment.Ⅱ.短语填空so that, make contributions to, in conclusion, be responsible for, contribute to, regardless of, by definition, be surrounded with, in one's judgement, under no circumstances1.Our club is open to everyone ____________ age, sex or educational backgrounds.2.They wrote the notice in big red letters ____________ it would stick out.3.____________, although surfing the Internet has some negative effects, it can bring us more advantages.4.Project Hope has ____________ both the education and the health of children.5.____________, the capital is the political, economic and cultural centre of a country.6.The educator believes that setting realistic objectives can ____________ thekids's development.7.It is particularly important in English learning to have the circumstance where you ____________ English language.8.____________ can we let go of such a precious opportunity to promote our products.9.In my opinion, parents should ____________ their children's behaviour.10.____________, it is necessary to pay him an initiative visit.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.While visiting Hangzhou's West Lake and its ________ (surround) beautiful hills, you'll understand why it's been a great source of inspiration for artists, poets and philosophers throughout Chinese history.2.Secondly, through conversations with friends who are wise and wellmeaning, a better understanding and ________ (judge) may be achieved.3.They are brave explorers who will pass through canyons, basins, waterfalls, straits and narrow tunnels, regardless ________ lightning and thunder.4.Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is ________ (moral) acceptable.5.Students' performance will be judged on the basis of degree examination results, theses and continuous ________ (assess), following current university regulations.6.Having followed some users of the smart watches for two years, they draw a ________ (conclude) that it is necessary to renew the software.7.Influenced by many negative reports, some people wrongly regard teenagers as lacking a sense of ________ (responsible) and concern for others.8.Persuading yourself to strengthen your exercise, you don't need to be talkative and complain about all ________ (object) factors.9.He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a generous ________ (contribute) to the community and the charity.10.Speaking fluent English like native English speakers requires extensive ________ (expose) to the English environment.Ⅳ.完成句子1.接触外国文化有助于我们学习当地的语言。
高二英语校园可持续发展单选题30题答案解析版1.Schools can take many measures to promote environmental protection. One of them is _____.A.reducing wasteB.to reduce wasteC.reduced wasteD.reduces waste答案:B。
本题考查非谓语动词。
“to reduce waste”在这里表示目的,为了减少浪费。
A 选项“reducing waste”是动名词形式,通常不表示目的;C 选项“reduced waste”是过去分词形式,不能单独作表语;D 选项“reduces waste”是动词第三人称单数形式,不能直接放在be 动词后。
2._____ is important for schools to encourage students to recycle.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.One答案:C。
本题考查it 作形式主语。
“It is important for sb to do sth”是固定句型,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的“to encourage students to recycle”。
A 选项“that”、B 选项“this”和D 选项“one”都不能作形式主语。
3.We should take action to protect the environment. For example, wecan _____ plastic bottles.A.reuseB.reusedC.reusingD.to reuse答案:A。
本题考查动词原形。
情态动词“can”后接动词原形。
B 选项是过去式;C 选项是现在分词;D 选项是不定式。
4.Saving energy in schools can be achieved by _____.A.turn off lights when not in useB.turning off lights when not in useC.turned off lights when not in useD.to turn off lights when not in use答案:B。
2013年高考第二轮复习英语安徽版增分素材集萃经典作文诵读1假如你是李明,你发现部分同学每次遇到重要考试,都会出现一些焦虑症状。
请你用英语写一封信,向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题。
信的内容应包括下列要点:1.焦虑症状:头晕、乏力、睡眠不好等。
2.建议:(1)考前制定好合适的复习计划;(2)考试期间正常作息;(3)睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠。
3.其他建议(内容由考生自己拟定)注意:1.根据以上内容写一篇短文,不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节以使行文连贯;2.要准确使用语法和词汇;使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思;3.词数:120左右。
开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:头晕dizzy (adj.)Dear editor,I'm Li Ming of Senior Three,Guangming Middle School.I'm writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxiety among us students before exams.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear_editor,I_am_Li_Ming_of_Senior_Three,Guangming_Middle_School.I_am_writing_to_tell_you_about_some_symptoms_of_anxiety_among _us_students_before_exams.Most of us feel nervous whenever we're taking an important exam.Some will feel dizzy or tired,some will suffer from lack of sleep,all of which have terrible effects on our exams.First of all,in my opinion,it's important to study hard every day and make careful plans for every exam.In this way we can avoid suffering from the pressure of exams.Besides,enough sleep can make us energetic and enable us to perform well in an exam.Therefore,during the period of exams,we should not stay up too late.We can also try a warm bath or a cup of warm milk before going to bed.They might help us to have a sound sleep.We'd better go out for a walk or do some outdoor exercises before an exam so that we can keep ourselves relaxed and then concentrate ourselves on exams.2假如你是中学生李华,你在学校食堂就餐的过程中,发现学生浪费饭菜的行为十分严重,你深感痛心和羞愧。
2022年河南省漯河市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled "The First Impression of My Roommate" You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.这是我在大学的第一天。
2.他(她)就是我的同学。
3.我仔细打量了他(她),发现……2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Information in the Modern Society. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.现代社会中信息的获得越来越重要2.我获得信息的主要渠道(如:图书馆、报纸、电视、电台、网络等) 3.我是如何利用信息的(和别人交流,用于学习小等)Information in the Modern Society3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 假设你在某日某时某地目击了一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。
2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》模拟试卷与参考答案一、阅读判断(共10分)第一题Read the following passage and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage:In recent years, the internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and access information. However, along with its numerous benefits, the internet also brings along a set of challenges and risks. One of the most significant concerns is the issue of online privacy.The internet allows users to share personal information with ease. While this can be advantageous in certain situations, it also exposes individuals to potential privacy breaches. Cybercriminals often target unsuspecting users to steal sensitive data such as bank account details, credit card information, and social security numbers.To protect their privacy, individuals need to be cautious about the information they share online. They should only provide personal details onsecure websites and use strong passwords for their online accounts. Additionally, it is important to keep software and security systems up to date to prevent cyberattacks.Despite the risks, the internet continues to offer numerous advantages. It has made communication faster and more convenient. People can now connect with friends and family across the globe through social media platforms and instant messaging apps. It has also facilitated access to a vast amount of information, enabling users to learn and grow in their respective fields.1、The internet has become a crucial part of our lives.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage2、Sharing personal information online can be dangerous.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage3、It is important to use strong passwords for online accounts.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage4、The internet has made communication faster.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passage5、The passage focuses on the risks of using the internet.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not mentionedD. Opposite to the passageAnswers:1、A2、A3、A4、A5、B第二题Reading ComprehensionPlease read the following passage and then answer the questions by choosing the best answer (T for True, F for False).Passage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized. Many adults are returning to school to further their education, either through traditional college programs or through self-study. One of the most popular self-study options is the Self-Testing Examination (STE) for Higher Education, commonly known as “Self-Taught Examination.”The Self-Taught Examination is a form of self-study examination for higher education in China, which allows individuals to assess their knowledge and skills in specific subjects without attending regular classes. It is particularly beneficial for working adults who want to enhance their professional qualifications or simply gain a deeper understanding of a subject.The examination is divided into different levels, with Level Two being the second level of difficulty. English is one of the subjects offered in this level. The English Level Two examination focuses on practical communication skills and the ability to understand and produce written English.1、The Self-Testing Examination is a traditional college program that requires regular classes to be attended.2、The Self-Taught Examination is only available for students in China.3、The English Level Two examination is designed to improve practical communication skills and the ability to write in English.4、The Self-Taught Examination is not suitable for working adults who want to enhance their professional qualifications.5、The Self-Testing Examination is the only way for adults to further theireducation in China.Answers:1、F2、F3、T4、F5、F二、阅读理解(共10分)Title: Higher Education Self-study Examination Test Paper for English Level 2Part II: Reading ComprehensionPassage:The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. One of the most significant impacts of the Internet is the rise of social media platforms. These platforms have transformed the way people interact, share information, and express themselves. However, the rapid growth of social media has also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the potential for misinformation.The following article discusses the benefits and challenges of social media in the modern age.Article:The Benefits and Challenges of Social MediaSocial media has brought numerous benefits to society. It has democratized information, allowing individuals to access a wide range of content and perspectives from around the world. This has led to increased awareness and understanding of global issues. Additionally, social media has provided a platform for marginalized groups to voice their concerns and advocate for change.On the other hand, social media also poses several challenges. One of the most pressing concerns is privacy. Many users are unaware of the extent to which their personal information is being collected and used by social media platforms. Another challenge is the spread of misinformation, which can have serious consequences, such as influencing elections and undermining public health initiatives.Question:What is one of the main concerns raised by the article about the use of social media?A)The decline of face-to-face communicationB)The spread of misinformationC)The difficulty in finding reliable news sourcesD)The cost of maintaining social media accountsE)The lack of privacy protection for usersAnswer:B) The spread of misinformation三、概况段落大意和补全句子(共10分)第一题Read the following paragraph and then answer the questions that follow.In the modern era, the role of technology in education has become increasingly significant. With the advent of online learning platforms and digital resources, students now have access to a wealth of information and tools that can enhance their learning experience. However, this convenience also brings challenges, such as the potential for distractions and the need for self-discipline. As a result, educators must adapt their teaching methods to incorporate technology effectively while maintaining a focus on student engagement and academic integrity.Questions:1、The paragraph discusses the impact of technology on education by mentioning its:a)Increased costb)Availability of informationc)Decreasing teacher-student interactiond)Negative influence on student discipline2、According to the paragraph, what is one of the challenges brought by the use of technology in education?a)The need for more physical textbooksb)The risk of student lazinessc)The potential for distractionsd)The difficulty in assessing student progress3、The paragraph suggests that educators need to:a)Eliminate technology from the classroomb)Focus solely on traditional teaching methodsc)Adapt teaching methods to incorporate technologyd)Increase the number of students in each class4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of the integration of technology in education?a)Improved student engagementb)Increased academic dishonestyc)Enhanced learning resourcesd)Reduced need for libraries5、The paragraph implies that maintaining a focus on what aspect is crucial in the use of technology in education?a)Teacher salariesb)Student attendancec)Academic integrityd)Classroom sizeAnswers:1、b) Availability of information2、c) The potential for distractions3、c) Adapt teaching methods to incorporate technology4、b) Increased academic dishonesty5、c) Academic integrity第二题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rapid development of technology has greatly impacted the way we live and work. One of the most significant changes is the advent of the internet, which has revolutionized the way we access information and communicate with others. This essay discusses the benefits and challenges of living in the digital age.1、The passage primarily focuses on the impact of technology on:a)Educationb)Communicationc)Transportationd)HealthcareAnswer: b) Communication2、The author mentions that the internet has “revolutionized the way we access information.” What does this imply about the internet’s role in our lives?a)It has made information more accessible.b)It has eliminated the need for traditional libraries.c)It has made information less reliable.d)It has reduced the need for face-to-face interactions.Answer: a) It has made information more accessible.3、The passage states that the digital age has both “benefits and challenges.” What are two challenges mentioned in the passage?a)Information overload and loss of privacyb)Increased social isolation and reduced attention spansc)The decline of face-to-face communication and the rise of cyberbullyingd)Job displacement and the loss of traditional cultural practicesAnswer: a) Information overload and loss of privacy4、According to the author, what is one of the main benefits of living in the digital age?a)Enhanced productivity in the workplaceb)Improved access to educational resourcesc)Greater opportunities for social networkingd) A more sustainable way of livingAnswer: b) Improved access to educational resources5、The author concludes by suggesting that despite the challenges, the digital age offers many opportunities. What is the author’s overall attitude towards the digital age?a)Cautious optimismb)Pessimistic skepticismc)Indifferent resignationd)Passionate enthusiasmAnswer: a) Cautious optimism四、填空补文(共10分)Read the following passage and complete the sentences by choosing the most suitable words or phrases from the list given below.After graduating from high school, many students choose to further their education through self-study examinations (SSEs). One of the most popular SSEs in China is the National Self-study Examination for Higher Education (NSEE). The NSEE offers a wide range of subjects, including English. The English section, known as English Level 2, is particularly challenging and requires a solid foundation in the language.The English Level 2 examination tests the candidate’s ability to understand and use English in practical situations. It consists of four parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and translation. Below is a passage that needs to be completed with the appropriate words or phrases.Many students find the__________section of the English Level 2 examination the most difficult. They often struggle with understanding the meaning of complex sentences and identifying the main ideas of a passage. To improve their reading skills, candidates are advised to practice regularly and expand their vocabulary.1.The__________section requires candidates to listen to a variety of accents and comprehend spoken English.2.The__________section tests candidates’ ability to read and understanda range of texts, including academic articles, news reports, and literature.3.The__________section challenges candidates to express their thoughts clearly and coherently in English.4.The__________section involves translating a passage from Chinese to English or vice versa.5.Candidates are encouraged to practice__________and__________to improve their reading skills.List of options:a) listening comprehensionb) reading comprehensionc) writingd) translatione) vocabularyf) grammarg) pronunciationh) regular practiceAnswer key:1.a2.b3.c4.d5.e, h五、填词补文(共15分)第一题阅读内容:After spending a long day at work, Sarah decided to take a break and relax. She had been looking forward to this moment for hours. She turned on her favorite music, sat down on the couch, and began to read a book that had been on her shelf for months. The story was captivating, and she found herself completely immersed in it.As she continued to read, she noticed a word that she wasn’t sure of. She paused to think about its meaning and context. Here’s the paragraph with the missing words:“After f inishing her dinner, she decided to take a short walk. The weather was perfect, with a gentle breeze and the sun setting beautifully in the background. She walked for about 20 minutes, enjoying the peacefulness of the neighborhood. Then, she decided to stop by the park. She sat on a bench and watched the children play. The laughter was infectious, and she couldn’t help but smile. As she watched, she noticed a group of teenagers playing basketball. Their skills were impressive, and she was amazed at how they moved so effortlessly. She realized that she hadn’t been to the park in a long time. It was a great way to end her evening.”Now, please fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the list below:1、_________ the children play.2、The weather was perfect, with a gentle breeze and the_________setting beautifully in the background.3、She walked for about 20 minutes, enjoying the peacefulness of the neighborhood.4、She sat on a bench and watched _________.5、Their skills were impressive, and she was amazed at how they _________.答案:1、watching2、sun3、sunset4、the teenagers5、moved第二题Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate word to fill in each of the blanks. Each blank will have four options to choose from.Passage:In the small coastal town of Seabreeze, the local library was a hub of community activity. It was known for its cozy atmosphere and extensive collection of books. Every Thursday evening, a group of eager readers would gather to discuss the latest bestsellers. The library also hosted various workshops and events, which were always well-attended.One day, the librarian, Mrs. Johnson, noticed that the attendance at the workshops was dropping. She decided to take action and came up with a new idea to boost interest. She planned to organize a “Book Swap” event, where readers could exchange their favorite books with others.The first “Book Swap” event was a great success. The library was filled with people of all ages, from children to grandparents. The atmosphere was lively, and the exchange of books was seamless. However, Mrs. Johnson realized that she needed a better way to organize the event.1、She began by creating a list of categories for the books, such as “Mystery,” “Romance,” and “Science Fiction.” This made it easier for readers to find books that matched their interests.2、Next, she thought of a way to track the books that were being swapped. She decided to use a simple spreadsheet to keep a record of the exchanges.3、To encourage more people to participate, Mrs. Johnson offered small prizes for those who brought the most interesting books or who engaged in the most meaningful discussions.4、She also reached out to local schools and community centers to promote the event and invite more people to join in the fun.5、The “Book Swap” event has become a monthly tradition at the Seabreeze Library, and it has greatly contributed to the revitalization of the community.Choose the most appropriate word to fill in each blank:1、A) categories B) organize C) interesting D) promote2、A) creating B) record C) discuss D) search3、A) prizes B) ideas C) books D) discussions4、A) schools B) promote C) organize D) encourage5、A) tradition B) event C) collection D) atmosphereAnswers:1、A) categories2、B) record3、A) prizes4、B) promote5、A) tradition六、完型补文(共15分)第一题阅读内容:In the modern world, communication is more important than ever. With the advancement of technology, people can connect with each other across the globe in seconds. However, effective communication is not just about speaking or writing. It involves listening, understanding, and responding appropriately. In this passage, we will explore the importance of communication in various aspects of life.1._(1)__A. Communication is the key to success in business.B. Communication skills are essential for personal relationships.C. Effective communication can lead to better health outcomes.D. Communication is vital in educational settings.2._(2)__A. Good communication skills can help resolve conflicts.B. Communication is necessary for staying updated with current events.C. Effective communication can improve one’s self-confidence.D. Communication is crucial for managing time effectively.3._(3)__A. Verbal communication is the most important form of communication.B. Non-verbal communication is more effective than verbal communication.C. Listening is just as important as speaking in communication.D. Writing skills are not necessary for effective communication.4._(4)__A. Effective communication can lead to better teamwork.B. Communication is unnecessary in a well-organized workplace.C. Communication can be a barrier to productivity.D. Communication is only important in personal relationships.5._(5)__A. Improving communication skills is beneficial for everyone.B. Communication is not important in the digital age.C. Effective communication is only important for professionals.D. Communication skills cannot be improved with practice.答案:1.B2.A3.C4.A5.A第二题Read the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the list given below the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter (A, B, C, or D) on Answer Sheet 2.Many people believe that 1, the ability to learn, is one of the most important skills we can possess. However, not everyone is born with the same natural talent for learning. While some individuals can quickly grasp new concepts and master complex information, others find it much more challenging.The process of learning can be influenced by various factors. 2, the right environment plays a crucial role in fostering a love for knowledge and curiosity. For instance, parents who encourage their children to explore and ask questions are more likely to raise a generation of lifelong learners.Moreover, the way we approach learning also matters. 3, a positive attitude towards learning can make the process more enjoyable and less stressful. When we view challenges as opportunities for growth, we are more likely to persistand eventually succeed.Here are some tips to enhance your learning experience:1.4, make sure you have a quiet and comfortable study space. This will help you focus better and absorb information more effectively.2.5, engage in active learning. Instead of passively reading or listening, try to engage with the material by taking notes, asking questions, and discussing it with others.3.Keep a balanced lifestyle. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and proper nutrition can all contribute to better cognitive function and, consequently, improved learning.4.Set realistic goals and celebrate your progress. This will help you stay motivated and focused on your learning journey.5.Finally, be patient with yourself. Learning is a gradual process, and it’s normal to encounter setbacks along the way. Remember that each challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow.Now, read the passage again and complete the following sentences by choosing the appropriate words from the list below.1.The key to successful learning is (A) natural talent (B) perseverance (C) a supportive environment (D) constant practice2.A child’s curiosity can be (A) nurtured (B) hindered (C) ignored (D) discouraged3.A positive mindset can (A) improve (B) hinder (C) have no effect on (D) determine the outcome of4.To enhance your learning, it is important to (A) create a conducive study environment (B) avoid distractions (C) study for long hours (D) rely solely on textbooks5.To maintain a healthy learning process, you should (A) take regular breaks(B) avoid exercise (C) consume excessive caffeine (D) skip mealsAnswers:1.C2.A3.A4.A5.A七、写作(30分)Task:Write an essay of approximately 200 words on the following topic:“Education has always been a vital factor in personal development and societal progress. With the rapid development of technology, online education has become increasingly popular. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online education, and give your own opinion on whether it is a positive or n egative change.”Example:In recent years, the advent of online education has revolutionized the waywe acquire knowledge. On the one hand, online education offers numerous advantages. Firstly, it provides flexibility in terms of time and location. Students can attend classes from the comfort of their homes, which is particularly beneficial for those with busy schedules. Moreover, online platforms often offer a wide range of resources and interactive tools that can enhance the learning experience.However, there are also some drawbacks to online education. One major concern is the lack of face-to-face interaction, which can lead to feelings of isolation and reduced social skills. Additionally, self-discipline and time management are crucial for online learners, as they need to stay motivated and focused without the guidance of a traditional classroom environment.In my opinion, online education is a positive change. While it does have its drawbacks, the flexibility and accessibility it offers far outweigh the negatives. With the right mindset and support, online education can empower individuals to pursue their dreams and contribute to societal progress.Analysis:The essay presents a clear and concise argument about the advantages and disadvantages of online education. The writer begins by acknowledging the rapid development of technology and its impact on education. The advantages of online education are highlighted first, such as flexibility and access to a wide range of resources. The disadvantages are then mentioned, such as the lack of face-to-face interaction and the need for self-discipline. The writer concludesby expressing their own opinion, emphasizing the positive aspects of online education while acknowledging its challenges.The essay follows a logical structure, with clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The writer uses appropriate vocabulary and sentence structures to convey their ideas effectively. Overall, the essay demonstrates a strong understanding of the topic and provides a balanced perspective on the issue.。
2023年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力题库及精品答案单选题(共100题)1、请阅读Passage 2,完成第小题。
A.hoaxB.hard workC.irksome taskD.special mission【答案】 A2、 Listening to loud music at rock concerts__________caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have【答案】 C3、Evidence came up ____ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose【答案】 B4、Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient" in Paragraph 2?A.SurroundingB.FamiliarC.ForeignD.Local【答案】 A5、Without your help, we would not __________ the work in time.A.have completedB.had completedpletedpleting【答案】 A6、Which of the following about teaching assessment isinappropriate?A.Diagnostic assessment is a kind of test carried out after a teaching activityB.Formative assessment should be student-orientedC.Summative assessment is often carried out at the end of a termD.Portfolios,daily reports,and delivering speeches are all formative assessment【答案】 A7、Which of the following activities does not belong topre-reading activities?A.scanningB.setting the sceneC.skimmingD.paraphrasing【答案】 D8、Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been indecline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.A.The idea of designing a shorter programB.The completion of a degree in five yearsC.The idea of drafting a shorter dissertationD.The suggestions given in the M.L.A. report【答案】 A9、请阅读Passage l。
特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的态度研究摘要:研究特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的态度不仅丰富了对特殊儿童的态度研究,同时为当前特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的态度研究提供了数据支持,也符合当前对特殊儿童态度的现实需求,可以为后来对特殊儿童的相关研究或开展相关活动提供一定的数据支持,另外也为促进特殊儿童教育事业提供一定的价值参考。
本研究在梳理国内外特殊儿童相关研究及对特殊群体态度测量方法的基础上,通过编制相关问卷测量特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的外显态度;同时根据现有实验范式自编单类内隐联想测验(SC-IAT),测量特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的内隐态度,并进一步探讨特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的内隐态度和外显态度以及二者可能存在的关系,尝试对影响特殊儿童态度的相关因素进行分析。
研究共分六个部分:第一部分为文献综述,主要是对相关概念进行界定,进而对国内外关于特殊儿童的相关研究成果进行梳理,包括:对态度概念的界定,对外显态度和内隐态度概念的界定以及具体测量方法及技术;对特殊儿童概念进行界定,通过梳理国内外关于特殊儿童的相关研究成果,分析和总结当前关于特殊儿童的研究现状、研究方法及对特殊儿童态度的影响因素,在当前研究不足之处的基础上提出自己的研究。
第二部分是整个论文的研究设计,主要是阐明论文的研究内容、研究方法、研究思路以及可能的创新。
第三部分,编制对特殊儿童外显态度的问卷,并进行验证性因素分析、探索性因素分析、信度和效度检验。
第四部分,采用自编信度和效度良好的问卷测量特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的外显态度,并与非特殊教育专业的大学生进行比较,考察二者对特殊儿童的外显态度的异同,分析可能导致这种情况的原因。
第五部分,以成熟的内隐联想测验范式作为理论基础,用自编的单类内隐联想测验测试特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的内隐态度,揭示特殊教育专业大学生对特殊儿童的真实态度,并与其外显态度比较,深入揭示外显态度和内隐态度的呈现结果的差异性。
上海市英语初二上学期期末模拟试题及答案指导一、听力部分(本大题有20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1、听力材料:W: Good morning, everyone. I hope you all had a good summer break. Today, we are going to start the new school year with a quiz to check your listening skills. Let’s begin with the first question.M: Okay, here it is: What did the teacher say about the summer break?A)She said we had a long break.B)She asked if we had a good summer.C)She mentioned that we should review our lessons.D)She informed us about the new school year’s schedule.答案:B解析:在听力材料中,老师问学生:“How was your summer break?”,即询问学生的暑假过得怎么样,所以答案是B。
2、听力材料:W: Welcome to the school library. Can I help you find a book?M: Yes, please. I’m looking for a book about history. I need something that’s not too difficult, but can still give me some good inf ormation.W: Sure, we have a wide variety of history books here. I suggest you take a look at this one. It’s called “A Brief History of the World.” It’s a goodstarting point for beginners.M: Great, thanks. I’ll give it a try.3、Listen and choose the best answer.•What is the weather like today?A)It’s sunny.B)It’s rainy.C)It’s cloudy.[Answer: B) It’s rainy.]•Explanation: The audio asks, “What is the weather like today?” From the context, the correct answer is that it’s raining today.4、Listen and fill in the blanks.•What time is it now? It’s__o’clock.[Answer: __]•Explanation: The audio will play a time, and you need to listen carefully and complete the sentence. For example, if the audio says, “What time is it now? It’s three o’clock,” the answer would be 3.5、Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.A. How old is the boy?B. What is the boy doing?C. Where is the conversation taking place?You will hear: “This is James. He is 12 years old. He’s reading a book in the library right now.”Answer: B. What is the boy doing?Explanation: The boy is described as “reading a book in the library.”6、Listen to the conversation and complete the sentence.The man says, “I usually have breakfast at 7:00 a.m.”The woman replies, “._______”A. That’s great.B. That’s t oo early for me.C. I wish I could have breakfast that early.Answer: A. That’s great.Explanation: The woman seems to approve of the man’s breakfast time, indicating that it’s a good thing.7、What does the boy want to do on Sunday?A. Go to the parkB. Stay at homeC. Go shoppingAnswer: A. Go to the parkExplanation: In the dialogue, the boy expresses his desire to go out and enjoy the nice weather, suggesting that he wants to go to the park on Sunday.8、Where are they going to meet?A. At the bus stopB. In front of the schoolC. At the park entranceAnswer: C. At the park entranceExplanation: The girl mentions that it would be easier to meet directly at the park entrance, so they don’t have to find each other in the crowd once they arrive.9.You are listening to a conversation between two students in the library.A. What are they mainly discussing?B. Who is asking for help?C. What subject are they talking about?D. Where are they located?Answer: BExplanation: The conversation begins with one student asking for help, indicating that the question about who is asking for help is the main topic of the conversation.10.You are listening to a short dialogue at a restaurant.A. What is the main purpose of the dialogue?B. Who is paying the bill?C. What is the main course they are discussing?D. What is the time of day?Answer: AExplanation: The dialogue focuses on the main purpose of their visit to the restaurant, which is the main topic being discussed. The other options, while possibly mentioned, are not the central focus of the conversation.11、What are the man and woman discussing?A) Their summer vacation plan.B) Their favorite movies.C) Their new job. (A)Explanation: From the conversation, the man and woman are discussing where they will go for their summer vacation, which indicates their summer vacation plan.12、What will the woman probably do during her vacation?A) Stay at home.B) Go to Paris with her family. (B)Explanation: The woman mentions that she is excited about going to Paris with her family, so it can be inferred that she will go to Paris with her family during her vacation.13、Listen to the following conversation and select the best answer to the question you hear.A. They are discussing about healthy eating.B. They are planning a cooking class together.C. They are attending a health conference.D. They are talking about their summer vacation plans.Answer: BExplanation: The question asks for the topic of the conversation. The key phrases that indicate this are “cooking class” and “together,” which suggest that the two speakers are planning an event, in this case, a cooking class.14、Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct option tocomplete the sentence you hear.You can’t just jump into a new job without properly planningA. it carefully.B. for it.C. how to plan it.D. that won’t work.Answer: AExplanation: The most grammatically correct and meaningful option as a continuation to the sentence is “it carefully.” The phrase “without properly planning it carefully” implies a strong need for thorough preparation before taking on a new job.15、What does the man mean?A. He can’t attend the meeting.B. He will be late for the meeting.C. He will arrive at the meeting on time.D. He doesn’t know when the meeting starts.Correct Answer: BExplanation: The key to answering this question lies in understanding the subtle implications of the man’s response. If he says something like “I’ll try my b est but I’m not sure if I can make it on time,” it suggests that he acknowledges the meeting but anticipates being late. Thus, option B is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the man’s implied uncertainty about hispunctuality.16、Where are the speakers?A. At a restaurant.B. In a cinema.C. On a bus.D. In a bookstore.Correct Answer: AExplanation:This question requires careful attention to the context clues provided in the dialogue. If the conversation includes phrases such as “I’d like to order” or “the menu,” these are strong indicators that the setting is a restaurant. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the language used points to a dining scenario rather than any of the other options.17.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher.Student: Professor Smith, can you explain the difference between a simile and a metaphor?Teacher: Well, a simile uses “like” or “as” to compare two things, but a metaphor doesn’t. A metaphor makes a direct comparison wi thout using those words.Question: What does the teacher say about the difference between a simile and a metaphor?A) A simile uses “like” or “as,” while a metaphor uses those words.B) A simile makes a direct comparison, while a metaphor uses “like” or “as.”C) A simile is a direct comparison, while a metaphor uses “like” or “as.”D) A metaphor uses “like” or “as,” while a simile doesn’t.Answer: DExplanation: The teacher clearly states that a simile uses “like” or “as,” which contradicts the options A, B, and C. Therefore, the correct answer is D.18.You are listening to a news report about a new discovery in the field of astronomy.News Anchor: Scientists have recently discovered a new planet in our solar system. This pl anet, which we’re calling Planet X, is located in the outer reaches of the Kuiper Belt.Question: According to the news report, where is Planet X located?A)In the inner planetsB)In the outer reaches of the Kuiper BeltC)In the asteroid beltD)On the edge of our solar systemAnswer: BExplanation: The news report explicitly states that Planet X is located “in the outer reaches of the Kuiper Belt,” making option B the correct answer. The other options are not mentioned in the report.19、Listen to the following short dialogue and choose the correct answer.(1 point)Dialogue:W: Hi, Tom. How was your weekend?M: It was great, thanks. I went camping with my friends.Question: What did Tom do during the weekend?A) He went shopping.B) He went camping.C) He watched TV.Answer: B) He went camping.Explanation: In the dialogue, Tom said he went camping with his friends on the weekend.20、Listen to the next announcement and choose the correct answer. (1 point)Announcement:“Attention, students. The library will be closed for maintenance from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM today. Any books you borrowed prior to this announcement are still valid until the end of the week.”Question: When will the library open again today?A) At 12:00 PM.B) At 1:00 PM.C) At 4:00 PM.Answer: A) At 12:00 PM.Explanation: The announcement clearly states that the library will be closed from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM for maintenance, so it will reopen again at 12:00 PM.二、阅读理解(30分)Part II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question from the choices given. (10 points per question) Passage:In recent years, the concept of green living has gained increasing attention worldwide. People are becoming more aware of the impact that human activities have on the environment, and they are taking steps to reduce this impact. One area where significant changes can be made is in our homes. By making small adjustments to our daily habits, we can contribute to a healthier planet.One such adjustment is the use of energy-efficient appliances. These devices consume less electricity and help reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Another step towards a greener lifestyle is the installation of solar panels. Solar energy is renewable and clean, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Additionally, reducing water usage through the installation of low-flow faucets and showerheads can also make a difference.Moreover, recycling plays a vital role in green living. Recycling reduces waste sent to landfills and conserves natural resources. By separating recyclable materials from general waste, individuals can significantly decrease their environmental footprint. Communities that encourage recycling often see a positive impact on local ecosystems and wildlife.Finally, it is essential to educate ourselves and future generations about the importance of environmental conservation. Schools can play a pivotal role in this process by incorporating environmental education into their curricula.Through practical lessons and hands-on activities, students can learn how to live sustainably and inspire others to do the same.Questions:1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to promote green living?•A) Using energy-efficient appliances.•B) Installing solar panels.•C) Driving hybrid cars.•D) Reducing water usage.2.According to the passage, what is one benefit of recycling?•A) It increases the amount of waste sent to landfills.•B) It helps conserve natural resources.•C) It raises the cost of consumer goods.•D) It leads to higher energy consumption.3.What role can schools play in promoting green living?•A) They can ignore environmental issues.•B) They can discourage students from participating in environmental activities.•C) They can incorporate environmental education into their curricula.•D) They can increase the use of paper in classrooms.Answers:1.C) Driving hybrid cars.2.B) It helps conserve natural resources.3.C) They can incorporate environmental education into their curricula.This reading comprehension section tests the students’ ability to understand the main ideas and specific details from the text, as well as their capacity to infer information not explicitly stated.三、完型填空(15分)Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below.The world of technology is constantly evolving, and with it comes a new wave of innovations that can greatly impact our daily lives. One such innovation is the [1] of smartphones, which have become an integral part of our lives. Here are some key points about the impact of smartphones:1.[2], smartphones have become more accessible to people of all ages and backgrounds. This has led to an increase in the number of smartphone users worldwide.2.The [3] of smartphones has made it easier for people to stay connected with friends and family, regardless of their location.4.Smartphones offer a wide range of applications, from [4] to educational tools, making them a valuable tool for both work and leisure.5.However, there are concerns about the potential negative effects of excessive smartphone use, such as [5] and decreased face-to-face interactions.A)IntroductionB)AdvantagesC)DisadvantagesD)EffectsE)Solutions1.A) Introduction2.B) Advantages3.B) Advantages4.D) Effects5.C) DisadvantagesAnswer Key:1.A) Introduction2.B) Advantages3.B) Advantages4.D) Effects5.C) Disadvantages四、语法填空题(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1、Many people think that_____(live) in the countryside is more peacefulthan_____(work) in the city.答案:living, working解析:此题考查现在分词作主语和形容词性物主代词的用法。
2016.1.9Task 1: Do you think it is a good idea to let students keep pets in dorms?Task 2: Do you agree that celebrities are good examples for young people?Task 1: Which one of the following history courses should be added? 1. history of science 2. art history 3. modern history of the 20th centuryTask 2: Some people prefer to make a plan with their friends about social activities, while others prefer to decide about what to do when they meet their friends. Which do you prefer?Task 1: Which of the following volunteer jobs would you like to choose? 1. clean up the park 2. plant trees 3. build a bicycle laneTask 2: Do you agree that universities are successful because of experienced professors?Task 1: What hobby would you recommend to a friend who is busy with work?Task 2: Which is more important to the success of an artist: natural talent or hard work? (Task 1: What are the disadvantages of moving to new places for work or education?Task 2: Do you agree that schools should encourage students to be creative and imaginative in order for them to be successful?Task 1: What is the biggest challenge for university students and why?Task 2: Do you agree that it is more important to maintain the relationship with family members than with friends?Task 1: Which one of the following should be done in order to improve the quality of life and study for the students?1. repairing the swimming pool2. building a new cafeteria3. improving laboratory equipmentTask 2: Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of the first observation, while other people believe that it takes a long time to know a person well. Which do you think is better? Task 1: If you are a member of a tutor group, which of the following places would you like to take the students to go on a field trip? 1. a science museum 2. a local farm 3. a theaterTask 2: Do you agree that students should be allowed to take additional courses to graduate as soon as possible?Task 1: What do you think of the school you went to for the first time? Was it a good school and why?Task 2: Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer?2016.4.9Task 1: Describe one of the most popular websites in your country.Task 2: Do you agree that it is beneficial for students to set aside some time for group discussions in class?Task 1: What is the most important habit that parents should teach their children?Task 2: Some like to spend a lot of money to get a unique experience on vacations, while others prefer to spend only a little money on vacations. Which one do you prefer?2016.5.7Task 1: Do you think it is a good idea for the university to ask a student to leave school if he is caught cheating in exams?Task 2: Some college students like to join clubs and enjoy club activities in their spare time, while others like to use this time to study another course or do schoolwork. Which one doyou think is better?Task 1: When visiting a new city, which of the following would you choose? (≈1. visiting a museum2. walking through streets3. taking an organized tripTask 2: Some people like surprise visits from their friends, while others prefer to be informed of such visits. Which one do you prefer? (Task 1: Some schools require students to finish forty hours of community service each year. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.Task 2: Do you agree that people should be forced to retire after the age of 65? (Task 1: What kinds of effects would there be if mobile phones were forbidden in school?Task 2: Do you agree that parents should use money as an incentive for kids to behave well in school?2016.6.4Task 1: Describe two ways your life will be different in five years.Task 2: Some managers like to closely watch their employees, while others prefer to give their employees more freedom. Which do you think is more effective?Task 1: One of your friends wants to drop out of college. Is it a good idea or not?Task 2: Your professor is asking you to help with some research work on the weekend, but you have planned to go to your sister’s birthday party. Which would you choose to do?Task 1: Describe a time when an impolite behavior in public annoyed you.Task 2: Your community has been donated a piece of land. Should it be used to build an amusement center, or to grow trees and flowers?2016.7.2Task 1: What are the disadvantages of shopping on the Internet?Task 2: Do you agree that experienced doctors are better than young doctors?2016.7.3Task 1: One of your foreign friends is coming to your country for studying, but he is worried about the cost. What suggestions would you like to give him?Task 2: Do you agree that it’s impolite to make calls or send text messages on a dinner table? 2016.7.9Task 1: Talk about one thing that makes your country different from other countries.Task 2: Do you agree that it’s easier to teach primary school kids than university students?Task 1: Which do you think is the most helpful to protecting the environment? 1. government 2. organization 3. individualTask 2: Do you agree that it is important to learn about the history of the city you live in?Task 1: Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester. What are the advantages and disadvantages?Task 2: Do you agree that it is okay for people to use surgeries to change their appearance? Task 1: Describe a custom or tradition in your country that is no longer observed by young people but you wish were still popular today.Task 2: Some people prefer to watch entertainment programs on television, while others prefer to watch educational programs. Which do you prefer?(Task 1: Which of the following do you think is the most difficult period? 1. childhood 2. teenperiod 3. adulthoodTask 2: Do you agree that if you want to be successful in running a business, being outgoing and friendly is very important?Task 1: Talk about the advantages of moving to a new place to study or work.Task 2: Do you agree that students should learn painting? (2016.9.3Task 1: Which of the following is the best way to to learn about the Italian culture? 1. watching Italian movies 2. learning Italian cooking 3. attending Italian history classesTask 2: Some people prefer to buy a product as soon as it is on the market. Others prefer to wait until it has been on the market for a while. Which do you prefer? (Task 1: Which one of the following classes would you choose? 1. science history 2. art history3. European historyTask 2: Do you agree that it is good for students to be assigned a lot of homework?Task 1: Which of the following do you think is the best way to attract visitors? 1. a local history museum 2. a modern art and film museum 3. a children’s science museumTask 2: If you have some extra money, do you prefer to spend it on practical things like clothes and electronic products, or experiences like vacations and concerts?Task 1: Describe a common mistake that experienced teachers often make.Task 2: When you were a child, did you prefer to play indoors or outdoors?Task 1: Describe a change in your school that was initially considered by students as having negative effects on their life but later proved to be positive. (Task 2: Do you prefer to exercise every day or only when you are free?Task 1: Which of the following would you choose to be in the summer vacation? 1. a front desk assistant in a library 2.apainterinacommunityar;3.alifeguardinacommunity;Task2: Do you prefer to start a project as early as possible or wait until the due date?Task 1: Which of the following functions of cellphones will benefit students the most? 1. listening to music 2. recording lectures 3. taking picturesTask 2: Do you agree that the boss should maintain a close relationship with employees?Task 1: Describe the best way for you to deal with disagreements with a friend.Task 2: Do you prefer to decide on your major before entering college or after taking some courses?Task 1: Describe an experience when a friend disappointed you and how you reacted.Task 2: Do you agree that the government should ban violence and strong language in television programs?Task 1: What are the characteristics of a good leader?Task 2: Do you agree that spending time with family is more important than working?Task 1: Should students be allowed to take snacks and beverage into classrooms?Task 2: Do you prefer to take classes in the morning or in the afternoon?2016.11.5Task 1:Which of the following influences students’ lives the most? 1. online courses 2. smart phones 3. e-booksTask 2: Do you agree that the best way to learn about a country is to watch its TV program? Task 1: Which of the following classes do you think is the most attractive to students? 1. history of rock music 2. sound engineering and recording 3. film studiesTask 2: Do you prefer to run your own business or work in a company?Task 1: Which do you think is the most important quality for a roommate? 1. cleanness 2. friendliness 3. quietnessTask 2: Do you prefer to buy new books or used books?Task 1: What can we do to reduce the number of cars in the city?Task 2: Do you agree that it is never too late to get a university degree?Task 1: One of your friends is planning to take a part-time job while studying in the university. What is your opinion of this?Task 2: Do you prefer to have a dinner party with your friends or with your parents?Task 1: If you had the opportunity to travel to space, would you take it?Task 2: Do you agree that it is important to live close to family?2016.12.3Task 1: Which of the following courses would you like to take the most? 1. mathematics 2. painting 3. scienceTask 2: Do you agree that it is important for a child to spend some time living away from home and visiting relatives and friends?Task 1: Which of the following behaviors is the most negative one displayed by children? 1. being selfish2. speaking impolitely3. being loudTask 2: Do you agree that in order to be successful, one has to make enemies?Task 1: Which of the following part time jobs would you choose? ( 1. lab assistant2. campus tour guide3. library assistantTask 2: Do you agree that playing sports might make children more aggressive?Task 1: Which of the following would you rather do with a group of people than alone? 1. eat a meal 2. listen to music 3. do homeworkTask 2: Do you agree that it is important for young people to learn some domestic skills like cooking, sewing, and taking care of children?Task 1: Your friend has a close family member who is sick and needs your comfort. Describe what you would do and explain why you think it is helpful.Task 2: Some students prefer to enter the university immediately after finishing high school. Others prefer to take some time off before beginning the university life. Which option do you think is better?2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why.l A theater performance by the student actorsl A concert provided by professional musicianl A lecture from a professorTask 2Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why?2017年01月14日托福口语考题回忆Task 1You will need to accomplish an assignment to do a presentation. Which will you choose?1. Act out a scene from a play(with a partner)2. Explain your review of a novel you recently you read3. Read a selection of poemTask 2Someone choose to work in a small company or organization with a few workers. Others prefer to work in a large company or organization with thousands of employees. Which do you think is better?2017年2月18日托福口语考题回忆Task 11. Which of following aspects do you think contributes most to country's success1.many business opportunities2.well rounded medical care system3.a developed educational systemTask 2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technology that focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before.2017年02月25日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your friend will move to a school and worried about making new friends there. What kind of advice will you give him to help him make new friend in the new school? Why?Task 2Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why?2017年02月26日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The student is asked to write final project about the famous Historical city Which you're located in. Which we do you choose?1 video the famous building2 visit the old people3 Research and write paperTask 2Some students think that they are graded by participating in the discussion class, while others think that they are graded only by written work, such as paper. Which opinion would you prefer and give your reasons.2017年03月04日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Recall an argument that you have ever had with others and describe the details of the conflict. Task 2If you are to choose between 2 apartments to live in next semester, one apartment is near the campus but slightly expensive, the other is a little far from the campus but cheaper, which one do you prefer and why?2017年03月11日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Things always change in an unexpected way. Please describe a thing you have recently done that, ten years ago, you never imagined you would do.Task 2You live in a crowded city with only one green space-the city park. The government recently proposes to build a housing complex on this only green space. Do you think this is a good idea? 2017年03月25日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university international office is going to hold a social events. Which one of the following choices do you think is the best?1. international food fair2. international music festival3. international film festivalTask 2Some people prefer sending messages while others prefer making phone calls directly, which one do you prefer?2017年04月01日托福口语考题回忆Task 1The university currently requires all the students to take the physical education course to get graduate. Which of the following choice will you choose? A, soccer B, dancingTask 2Imagine that you have been accepted by two different universities, one university is well-known for its excellent academic program, but it’s expensive, while another is less well-know, but has offered you with scholarship to pay for your intuition fee. Which university would you prefer, explain why.2017年04月15日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which of the following areas of current events do you most like to read?PoliticsSportsArts and filmsTask 2Some students prefer to study for exam in the night other students prefer to study in the day, which do you prefer, explain why.2017年04月23日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your friend wants to come to your country and what things do you suggest him to do and not to do to be polite and respectful.Task 2If you have more money, you want to spend your money on objects like clothes and electronic devices or spend your money on experience.2017年5月6日托福口语考题回忆Task 1 The university decides to remodel the dormitory and add a new space to it. Which space do you recommend to add in your dormitory?1. Cafe2. Study room3. Game room2017年05月13日托福口语考题回忆Task 1There is going to have students’ TV show. which show would you like to watch. Please Give your reasons.A. Interview school leadersB. Students’ debate on political and social topicsC. Comedy about school lifeTask 2Some people want to change their appearance, even by surgery. Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.2017年05月20日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Describe a behavior that many people may do in public that you find inconsiderate.Task 2Many people think that students study course materials more effectively by taking exams, while others think that students learn more effective through doing other activities such as writing paper or completing projects, which do you think is more effective for students to learn.2017年05月27日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your friend has just moved to a new city and is nervous about making new friends. What advice would you give your friend?Task 2You have been very busy and unable to prepare for the exam tomorrow. You can either stay up late to study and sleep less or just study less a nd get full night’s sleep. Which will you choose? 2017年6月3日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which one would you like to choose for your final project:presentation, paper,videoTask 2Do you agree or disagree with this statement that we should help our friends only when they ask for help.2017年6月10日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your degree requires you to take one course, which one would you choose?l Energy and environmentl Health and nutritionl Solar systemTask 2Some people prefer to give their opinions immediately. Others pref er to wait and listen to others’ opinions before giving their own. Which one do you think is better?2017年6月25日托福口语考题回忆Task 1If you are going to have an interview with a famous people in your community, which of the following people will you choose? Give detailed information to support your answer and explain why.Task 2Which one do you agree? Children born with talent should be treated in a different way or they should be treated in the same way as average children.2017年07月01日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which of the following people can give most useful help in your future career direction: TeachersFamiliesFriendsChoose one and explain whyTask 2Some people believe old people should not take risk and participate adventurous events as the young people. Do you agree? Why?2017年07月02日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in?Pottery makingwritingart creationChoose one and explain whyTask 2Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?2017年7月8日托福口语考题回忆Task 11. Among the following jobs ,which do you is most interesting one and why?1. airplane pilot2. actor3. detectiveTask 2Female and male university students should have separate residence halls. Do you agree or disagree?2017年7月15日托福口语真题Task 1Which of the following volunteer work would you like to do?Clean the park为自行车开辟新的道路Plant treesTask 2Do you agree or disagree that children who do sports at a young age will be more aggressive in the future.2017年8月26日托福口语真题Task 1 (重复Taks1 和Task1)University students encounter many difficult challenges in their study. Which challenge doyou think is the most difficult one and how do you deal with it?Task 2Some students enjoy decorating their surroundings; others choose to keep their surroundings simple and free of any decorations. Which do you prefer and why?2017年08月27日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three options for the use of the land. Which do you prefer?why?1 the athletic facilities and stadiums .2 a park with nature trails3 centers for students and hotel for campus guestsTask 2Some universities except the students to choose a major field of study when they enter the school; while other universities wait until the second or the third year before students deciding to choose a a major field of study. Which do you prefer? Why or why not?2017年09月09日托福口语考题回忆Task 1If universities are given financial support to develop researches, which one do you think would receive more benefits.1、To predict whether more accurately.2、To clean rivers and ocean.3、To deal with out space.Task 2Some people like participating in performance like theatrical or musical show. Others prefer to be in audience watching those plays. Which do you prefer.2017年09月16日托福口语考题回忆Task 1如果政府要在以下三个领域中投资,你认为哪一个最值得?1. land exploration2. education3. health careTask 2Some people think ,with the development of technology and Internet,libraries will disappear,while others think libraries are always necessary. Which one do you agree, and please give specific details to support your opinion.2017年9月17日托福口语真题回忆Task 1Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three options for the use of the land. Which do you prefer?why?1 the athletic facilities and stadiums .2 a park with nature trails3 centers for students and hotel for campus guestsTask 2Some universities except the students to choose a major field of study when they enter theschool; while other universities wait until the second or the third year before students deciding to choose a a major field of study. Which do you prefer? Why or why not?Task 1Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in?:1)Pottery making 2)writing 3)art creationChoose one and explain whyTask 2Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?2017年9月24日托福考试真题回忆完整版Task 1University students encounter many difficult challenges in their studies. Which challene do you think is the most difficult one and how do you deal with it ?Which of the following creative activities do you feel like to get involved in?Task 2Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?Some students enjoy decorating their surroundings;other choose to keep their surroundings simple and free of any decorations. Which do you prefer and why ?2017年9月30日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Parents should teach their kids to learn how to manage money,and do you think what’s the most important thing for it,and explain why it’s important.Task 2Participating in team sports is a good way for young person to learn team cooperation,do you agree or disagree?2017年10月14日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Children need to learn to cooperate and get along with others when they grow up. Please give examples of how adults can help them acquire those skills.Task 2Should government limit violence and bad language on television?2017年10月15日托福口语考题回忆Task 1Describe an event in your country people will bring gift, what gift people will bring and why? Task 2小朋友会因为需要不断练习而不愿意学习乐器,作为家长应该怎么做?1,强迫孩子学习乐器,2,让孩子自己选择是否学习乐器。
Proceedings of the 2007 Informing Science and IT Education Joint ConferenceCan We Reduce Students’ Negative AttitudeTowards Math?Jaime R. S. FonsecaISCSP - Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences,Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal jaimefonseca@iscsp.utl.ptAbstractThis study concerns the teaching/learning experience of Data Analysis at the Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences (ISCSP), Technical University of Lisbon, first in Sociology course, and next in Social Communication course. In both cases, Data Analysis subject was teach-ing/learning of the discipline of Mathematics and Statistics for the Social Sciences.This study aims to find the effect of the use of new technologies on teaching/learning the Data Analysis subject, and, more than that, it wants to know if this use can reduce the effect of nega-tive experiences when learning Mathematics.From the used dataset, based on a questionnaire, we first profiled students, based on Latent Class Models; then we concluded that the negative attitude toward Mathematics’ learning until the 9 year (compulsory) schooling, influenced their performances on the Quantitative Methods (QM) subject, at the secondary level, but the same did not happened with the Data Analysis’ perform-ance at University.Kewords : Teaching/Learning Paradigm, Information and Knowledge Society, Latent Class Mod-els, Information Criteria, Hypotheses Tests.IntroductionSociology and Social Communication students, arriving at this University, regularly are becom-ing from an area were they learn Mathematics until the 9 years (compulsory) schooling, and QM (an Introduction to Data Analysis) at the tenth year; a few would have Mathematics for the com-plete secondary schooling (12 years). The management of those different kinds of knowledge in the same classroom could not be a simple task.The knowledge acquisition leads with complex processes as perception , learning , communica-tion , association and reasoning . If the mixture of these processes can not be easy for who isteaching, it can be an enormous task forthose that are trying the learning. Concerning teaching, it is well known the heterogeneity of the teachers and researchers community in the area of Statistics/Data Analysis (Batanero & Godino, 2002), because they are coming from different areas, such as Mathemat-ics, Economy, Engineering, Psychology, and so one. 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Contact Publisher@ to requestredistribution permission.Can We Reduce Students’ Negative Attitude Towards Math?Nowadays, it is not possible trying to resist to the new technology use on the knowledge transfer, because in this technological society information and communication, the access to information, the use of data, data analysis and the taking of informed decisions in uncertain situations, form part of the new formative necessities of citizens in the current world (Vallecillos & Moreno, 2002).Another additional factor in affecting the students’ learning performance is the way they face the knowledge, namely their attitudes to the subject. Such attitudes as profound feelings, relatively stable, are derived from positive or negative experiences across time, on learning the subject (Estrada, 2002).For this survey students, QM and Mathematics’ teachers used the same teaching/ learning meth-odology, and we aim to know if the negative attitude toward Mathematics did affect students’ performance in QM. The teaching/ learning methodology used in the Data Analysis’ subject was rather different from the used in QM and Mathematics. Besides, the knowledge of Math’s subject is important for a better Data Analysis subject’s understanding, and so we aim to know, based on students’ performance in Data Analysis, if the negative attitude toward Math still affects the stu-dents’ performance in Data Analysis.Summarizing, the mainly goal of this study consists on verifying if using a new teaching/learning methodology, we can eliminate or reduce the effects of students’ negative attitude of dislike Math.DataThe used dataset on this research work was obtained through the use of a questionnaire. The re-search was conducted from a sample of 127 students of ISCSP, from Sociology and Social Com-munication courses, with ages ranging from eighteen to thirty seven years.We want to know their feelings about Math for evaluating the consequences on teaching/learning QM and Data Analysis, for instance.The attributes we used on this questionnaire, are: genre, course, like/dislike Mathematics, number of days studying a week, working student, QM results, and age (at the year end, we become knowing their Data Analysis results).We only use students from these two courses because only they studied the subject of Data Analysis instead of Mathematics, at the discipline of Mathematics and Statistics for Social Sci-ences, at University first year. They were used the same curriculum, they had the same teacher, they were the same learning/teaching method, and they were used the same technologies.Teaching MethodologyThe Data Analysis teaching/learning methodology, at ISCSP since year 2000, breaks with past used methodologies on these two courses. The model of new methodology used on this discipline was mainly based on five factors, aiming to an efficient and effective learning: -Oral exhibition on the foundations and goals of the methods, graphs, calculations, in analysis;-Oral exhibition with projection, on the ways to proceed with the methods, calculations, graphs, with the software which was used in all of the classes;-Detailed resolution of applications, accompanied of explanation and analysis, with con-tinuous projection in way to be accompanied by the students, allowing that they wrotedown the whole course of the resolution and simultaneously they proceeded to the exhibi-58Fonseca59 tion of doubts; the analysis is always concluded with the discussion and interpretation of the results ;-Resolution of new applications proposal, due to each team work, reserving me the paper of attending individual or collectively, accordingly with the situation; - Accomplishment of the examination through the use of the computer, in other words,disposing in examination of the same tools which they disposed along with the teach-ing/learning period.Latent Class Models and TestsAssuming that the ISCSP’ students of Sociology and Social Communication can be characterized through a group of typologies that can be considered as resultants of observed variables’ combi-nations, we propose the use of clustering through Latent Class Models, with long tradition in the Social Sciences, introduced by Lazarsfield and Henry (1968), and successively applied, among other, by McCutcheon (1987) and Clogg (1995), to evidence the underlying structure of data. Latent Class Models intend to justify the associations observed among two or more observedvariables, using the relationships of these variables with an underlying latent variable, with two or more classes, according to Marsden (1985).These statistical models allow us to test if a group of unobserved classes (latent) conveniently justifies the association among the observed variables. In this context, a specific solution, consti-tuted by a group of latent classes, is reasonable when it leads to the minimization of the associa-tion among observed variables, inside of each class. This minimization is the result of the basic assumption of independence or conditional independence.Thus, postulating an heterogeneous population, constituted by S groups or homogeneous sub populations (latent classes), the latent class model is defined by the variable Y with S categories or latent types of students, described through the observed variables, X 1, X 2,..., X P , with I 1,...,I P categories, respectively. Let be λi 1i 2...i P the probability for certain individual to belong at the cate-gories (i 1, i 2,..., i P ), relatively to the conjoint variable (X 1, X 2,..., X P ), with i 1 =1,...,I 1,..., i P = 1,...,I P . In these conditions, supposing the existence of a latent variable Y, with S categories, explaining the relationships among the observed variables, the probability λi 1i 2...i P can be defined by the model),P (|X )2(Y |X )1(Y |X )(1Y ...P 21P 21i s Y i s i s s Ss i i i =====∑λλλλλLwhere- )(Y s λ represent the probabilities of Y = s, probabilities that an individual belongs to the latent class s (s = 1...,S), that is, the probabilities of the latent classes, also designated by relative sizes or mixture proportions, which estimate the likelihood that individuals belong to each one of the classes.- ),p (s Y |X p i =λ p = 1,...,P, represents the conditional probability that the variable Xp is in the category i p, knowing that the latent variable Y is in the level s.Can We Reduce Students’ Negative Attitude Towards Math?60In estimating latent class models, they are of fundamental importance in their structure, the esti-mates of the probabilities of the latent classes or relative sizes and certain individual's conditional probabilities, to take values in certain categories of the observed variables, given that it is mem-ber of a class of the latent variable.The proportions of the latent classes describe the distribution of probability of the latent classes or typologies; they become useful in the description of the typologies’ prevalent inside of the popu-lation and in the comparison of prevalent among sub populations.Relatively to the variables segmentation base used in this study, easily it is verified that for all the same measure (all of them are categorical variable) scale was used and consequently modelled through the distribution multinomial. For a more complete description about the estimation of the latent class models, by maxim likelihood method, through the algorithm EM (Expectation-Maximization): see McLachlan and Peel (2000) and Fonseca and Cardoso (2005) .Concerning methodologies for the selection of the appropriate latent class model, we propose the use of the traditional information criteria. Especially, because all the observed variables have similar measure, all of them categorical, we will use the information criterion AIC 3, the more ad-vised for this situation, accordingly to Fonseca and Cardoso (2007).The process is begun through the estimate of the model base, or homogeneity model, which sup-poses the hypothesis of existence of a single latent class to obtain the individuals' appropriate de-scription.Next we proceed to the estimate of models that need two latent classes to describe the individuals conveniently and so forth, for incrementing the unit in relation to the value of S, number of latent classes, until the inclusion of a new latent class is not relevant. This value of S will be detected through the minimization of AIC 3.The methodology of the hypotheses tests will be basically used to test if the students’ negative attitude (liking or disliking Mathematics) toward Mathematics, it is decisive relatively to the per-formance in the learning of the subject of both QM and Data Analysis.Data analysis and resultsStudents ProfileThis study began with the investigation of the data structure, since the respective knowledge will lead to the students' characterization, through the considered attributes. It is about testing the hy-pothesis of the students' population to be homogeneous, that is to say, the students are all similar in agreement with the used attributes for their description, against the hypothesis of there being more than a homogeneous class. The latent class models estimation led to results of information criterion which we report on table 1.Table 1: Information criterion resultsLatent class AIC3 E s2 2695,388 0,8193 2663,261 0,858Fonseca 61 As can be seen, in Table 1, the solution consists of two latent classes. It means that the homoge-neity hypothesis was rejected, thus existing two classes perfectly identified, accordingly with the used information criterion.Table 2 : Students’ profileAttributes Like MathStudents (67%) Dislike Math Students (33%)Gender Male FemaleAge Mean: 20 Mean: 25Course S. Communication SociologyLike/DislikeMathematicsYes No Times ofweek studyTwo or four One or three WorkingstudentNo Yes QM results Mean: 15.7 Mean: 12.1 Data Analy-sis resultsMean: 13.3 Mean: 11.9Based on that solution, the students' profile can be drawn, and it is displayed in Table 2. Accord-ing to the drawn profile, the classes could be named as Students’ Like math , in the class 1 and Students’ Dislike Math , in the class 2.Data Analysis by CourseAfter the students' characterization, we made comparisons of their mean performances on Data Analysis - by course.Because the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Lilliefors, 1967; Fonseca, 2001), did reject the null hy-pothesis of normality of Social Communication and Sociology students' results (p-value = 0.003 and p-value = 0, respectively), it was used the non-parametric test of Mann and Whitney (1947) to proceed to the comparison of the distributions of the Data Analysis students' results, by course.The null hypothesis of equality of distributions was rejected (p-value = 0.043), and we concluded by the existence of enough evidence on data to state that the average of the obtained Data Analy-sis students’ results on Sociology is different from the average of the obtained Data Analysis stu-dents’ results on Social Communication.QM toward AttitudeIn the sense of discovering if the students’ feelings toward Mathematics will affect the QM stu-dents’ results, we did proceed on the comparison of the QM results’ means, as they like or dislike Mathematics.Because of the test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov did reject the null hypothesis of normality of the QM students' results knowing that they like Mathematics (p-value = 0.002), the test of Mann-Whitney was used to proceed to the comparison of the means of the results, as the feeling for the Mathe-matics.Can We Reduce Students’ Negative Attitude Towards Math?The null hypothesis of equality of the distributions was rejected (p-value = 0.028), then being concluded that the feeling toward Mathematics did affect the means performance of the students in QM.Data Analysis toward AttitudeWhen comparing the means of the classifications obtained by the students in the discipline of Data Analysis, as the manifested attitude in relation to the Mathematics, the results were shown encouraging in relation to the used teaching/learning strategy.The test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov rejected the null hypothesis of normality of the Data Analysis students' results, independently of the attitude toward Mathematics (p-value = 0, for both of like or dislike Mathematics); then it was used the test of Mann-Whitney to proceed to the comparison of the Data Analysis students' means results, in the referred conditions.The null hypothesis of equality of the distributions was not rejected (p-value = 0.074), and so we concluded that there was not enough evidence in the data in order to affirm that the negative atti-tude toward Mathematics did affect the students' Data Analysis performance. We do not have doubts that the methodology used was the main responsible for the annulment of that disadvan-tage.ConclusionsBy analyzing the data, initially we concluded by select a two-class model, and in accordance with the attributes, we name them as Like Math (Social Communication) and Dislike math (Sociology) students. Moreover, we concluded that the average data Analysis results were different in the two classes.All of the strategies used by teachers, including transforming information, are doing so that their students will learn more, and they make important decisions regarding the kind of instruction they employ in their classroom, as well as the used policies and procedures (Gordon, Dembo & Ho-cevar, 2007). The information about the students’ attitude that was made available to us, at the beginning of the year, it was very important for the teaching/learning approach of Data Analysis subject, supposedly the continuity of the matters transmitted to the students in the discipline of QM.It was known the students' percentage that did not like Mathematics (42%) and, much more im-portant, it was known that this feeling had determined that the means of the QM students' results had been different. Then, it was this added challenge of annulling that disadvantage, when teach-ing/learning Data Analysis subject.The traditional teaching/learning approach used for teaching/learning QM subject did that QM and Mathematics were quite similar for students, and so they probably transfer to QM their nega-tive attitudes; the test results confirm that the negative attitude toward Mathematics had been in-fluenced negatively the QM results.This study explored the knowledge of the students’ negative attitude toward Mathematics, in ad-vance; naturally, this knowledge would influence the teacher strategy in his classroom. Indeed, his teaching practices would try not overwhelming students with big equations, theorems, and so one.They need to know how to analyse data, and so the aforesaid strategy was delineated in order to motivate and influence students on their learning and understanding of the Data Analysis subject, with computers and software as support.62Fonseca Nowadays, the education’s technology supplies to all of us a great variety of strategies for the teaching (Godino, Ruiz, Gnaw, Pareja, & Recio, 2002), in general, and for Data Analysis in par-ticular. Even though apparently a paradox, there is a great number of students that approach in-formation technology as a “necessarily evil”, or at least, as a required tool that is of difficult use (Dougherty, Kock, Sandas, & Aiken, 2002).Indeed, this study also shows the initial discomfort of some students, regarding the computer use as a tool; however it was unsurprising that as they used more and more the computers, they also feel more and more comfortable.Trying to understand the impact of learning Math on future topics, such as MQ and Data Analy-sis, after all we concluded that the students’ negative attitude toward Mathematics did affect their performance on QM, but it did not affect their performance on Data Analysis. Math and QM teaching/ learning methodology was the same, much more theoretical than practice, and students who did not like Math tend not liking QM.In fact, we think that the used methodology in teaching/learning Statistics subject was the main responsible for good results. We think that the development of some basic learning skills such as time planning, reading, team work or oral presentation also contribute for their attitude toward knowledge acquisition.The new technologies will change the teaching style and the learning style drastically: thus, the teachers must not just be “transmitters of information” and the students will stop being just “re-ceivers of information”.According to Watson (2001), the technological information should not just be understood as a catalyst for the change; she should lead to changes of the teaching styles, of the approaches to the learning and of the access to the information.Unfortunately, the majority students’ non response to the question which intended to address the issue why they dislike Math, invalidate other studies. In the future we intend to approach again this issue, and we hope we can have more success.We also hope we can test the used teaching/learning methodology, in the future, using a sample with great size.AcknowledgementsThe author thanks the three anonymous referees for valuable feedback on earlier version of the paper.ReferencesBatanero, C. & Godino, J. D. (2002). Training future researchers in statistics education: Reflections from the Spanish experience, ICOTS6.Clogg, C. C. (1995). Latent class models. In G. Arminger, C.C. Clogg, & M.E. Sobel (Eds.), Handbook of statistical modeling for the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 311-359). New York: Plenum. Estrada, A. (2002). Análisis de las actitudes y conocimientos estadísticos elementales en la formación del profesorado, PhD., (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona).Fonseca, J.R.S. (2001). Estatística matemática (Edições Sílabo, Lisboa).Fonseca, J.R.S. & Cardoso, M.G.M.S. (2005). Retail clients latent segments. In Carlos Bento Proceedings, Amílcar Cardoso, Gaël Dias (Eds), 12th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2005 (Springer-Verlag, Covilhã, Portugal).63Can We Reduce Students’ Negative Attitude Towards Math?64 Fonseca, J.R.S. & Cardoso, M.G.M.S. (2007). Mixture-model cluster analysis using information theoreticalcriteria. Intelligent Data Analysis, 11, (in press).Gordon, S. C., Dembo, M.H. & Hocevar, D. (2007). Do teacher's own learning behaviors influence theirclassroom goal orientation and control ideology? Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, 36-46.Lazarsfield, P.F. & Henry, N.W. (1968). Latent structure analysis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Lilliefors, H. W. (1967). On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62, 399-402.Mann, H. B. & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochasticallylarger than the other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 50-60.McCutcheon, A.L. (1987). Latent class analysis . Sage University Paper. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. McLachlan, G.F. & Peel, D. (2000). Finite mixture models. John Wiley & Sons.Vallecillos, A. & Moreno, A. (2002). Framework for instruction and assessment on elementary inferentialstatistics thinking, teaching of mathematics. Crete, Greece, July 1-6, 2002.Watson, D. M. (2001) Pedagogy before technology: Re-thinking the relationship between ICT and Teach-ing, Educational and Information Technologies, 6, 251-266.BiographyJaime R. S. Fonseca is currently an Assistant in the ISCSP-HigherInstitute of Social and Political Sciences, Technical University of Lis-bon, teaching Data Analysis with computer in the classroom, re-searcher in the CAPP- Centre for Public Administration and Policies,and is a doctoral candidate in the ISCTE–Business School, Departmentof Quantitative Methods, Lisbon, Portugal.。