高考语法:分词作状语&讲解+练习
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分词要点1.have sb do =make sb do : have me do the jobhave sb doing : have me waiting for hourshave sth done: 被动关系have my bike repairedhave trouble/difficulty (in) doing / have a hard time (in) doingwon’t have sb doing: 决不允许I won’t have you cheating2.get sb to do: get the worker to fix the machineget sth doing: get the car goingget sth done: get the car startedget done get caught/ promoted/paid3.make sb do: make me waitmake sb/sth done make oneself understood/ make my view known 4.keep sb/sth doing keep me waitingkeep sb/sth done keep me informed of the newskeep sb/sth from doing keep me from waiting5.leave sb/sth doing leave me thinking/wonderingleave sb/sth done leave the job unfinished6.set sb doing set us laughing7.start sb/sth doing start us thinking8.send sb/sth doing send us wondering9.want sb to do want me to help himwant sth (to be ) done want the job ( to be ) done10 wish sb to do wish you to winwish sth ( to be ) done wish myself told the truth11. catch sb doing 当场抓住某人做…12.remain standing/sitting/ thinking 仍然remain seated/ untouched/ unfinished仍然remain to be solved/ discovered/ found 有待(被动式)13udging from …, 从判断Speaking of/ Talking of /Thinking of….,谈及Considering….,鉴于/考虑到Generally speaking/ 大体而言Frankly speaking坦白而言14with结构,He came in, with a girl standing beside him., with his hands tied., with a gun in his hand., gun in hand(没有a,没有one’s), with no shoes on., with the door open.(with the door closed/ shut)With a lot of work to do, I stayed at the company.15The accident that happened yesterday was horrible. 正确(不能用happening做定语,ing分词表示正在进行)The accident happened yesterday was horrible.错误,因为有两个谓语There is a car coming.16This is the best film ever made. ( 不用having been made)注意:having done/ having been done/not having done/ not having been done 不能做定语,只能做状语!!!!17I went home, only to see my house broken into. 我到家却发现房子被人闯入过了。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:聚焦规律主语与句子主语不全都的分词状语一般来说,分词作状语要求与句子的主语保持规律上的全都。
假如不全都,则用独立主格结构,或者是状语从句,信任这一点同学们都很清楚。
但是也有一些作状语的分词与句子的规律主语不全都,也是正确的句子,这样的分词被称为垂悬但不致病分词。
常见的状况有:与副词连用作评注性状语的分词;转变成介词的分词;转变成连词的分词。
一、作评注性状语的分词现在分词speaking与一些副词连用,意思是“……说”,generally (broadly/ frankly/ strictly/ honestly/ personally) speaking 一般地(泛泛地/ 坦率地/ 严格地/ 诚恳地/就个人来)说。
如:1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.一个人的智力极限,通常来说,诞生时就已经定型了。
但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他所处的环境。
3. Strictly speaking, I’m his stepfather, not his father.严格地说,我是他的继父,不是他的亲生父亲。
二、作介词的分词(一)judging from (by)… 从……推断;依据……来推断。
如:处排起的长队来看, 这部电影格外叫座儿。
(二)including 包括,包含。
如:1. There are 50 students in our class, including 15 girl students.包括十五位女生在内,我们班有五十位同学。
比较:There are 50 students in our class, 15 girl students included.(独立主格结构)2. All the railway officials,including the engine crew, had disappeared in the opposite direction. 全部铁路人员,包括机车组,都在对面消逝了。
分词作状语的类型分词作状语是英语中常见的语法结构,它通过使用动词的现在分词或过去分词来修饰或补充句子的主语、谓语或宾语,以提供额外的信息。
分词作状语在句子中具有多种类型,本文将对这些类型进行阐述。
1. 分词作时间状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的时间,作为时间状语。
例如:- Running late, John hurried to catch the bus.- Having finished his homework, Tom went to bed.这两个例子中,分词"running"和"having finished"作为时间状语,分别修饰主语"John"和"Tom",表达了他们做完某个动作后的情况。
2. 分词作原因状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的原因,作为原因状语。
例如:- Being tired, Mary decided to take a break.- Having failed the test, he felt disappointed.这两个例子中,分词"being tired"和"having failed"作为原因状语,分别修饰主语"Mary"和"he",表达了他们做某个动作的原因。
3. 分词作条件状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的条件,作为条件状语。
例如:- If accepted, I will start working next week.- Without any money, he couldn't buy the ticket.这两个例子中,分词"accepted"和"without any money"作为条件状语,分别修饰主语"I"和"he",表达了他们做某个动作所需要的条件或限制。
【高中英语】新高三分词作状语语法要点分词作状语是高考语法重点,暑假班英语特级教师张老师得出详尽解析。
1.分词作状语形式的选择形式意义v+ing(doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系高中数学,与句中谓语动词同时发生,或基本上同时发生。
having+v+ed(havingdone)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,先于谓语动词发生。
v+ed(done)与句中主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
being+v+ed(beingdone)与句中主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系,且与谓语动词同时出现,通常并作原因状语放在句首。
havingbeen+v+ed(havingbeendone)与句中主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词出现。
2.分词作状语的基本原则分词并作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。
3.分词并作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。
如:hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.(时间)havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)givenachance,icansurprisetheworld.(条件)thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果)havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(让步)theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.(充斥状况)4.独立成分作状语有些分词短语,其形式的挑选不受到上下文的影响,称为单一制成分。
分词作状语在语法中,状语是一种修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词组或从句。
状语可以提供关于时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等方面的信息,以帮助读者更好地理解句子的意思。
在中文中,分词可以作为状语出现,以更准确地表达句子的含义和语气。
分词作时间状语分词作时间状语时,可以表示动作的时间、先后顺序、频率等。
常见的分词作时间状语的结构有“分词+时间状语”。
例句:1.昨天下雨,我带着雨伞走到学校。
2.听着音乐,我写完了这篇文章。
在上述例句中,分词作时间状语“听着音乐”和“带着雨伞”分别表示动作发生的时间和做某事的状态。
分词作地点状语分词作地点状语时,可以表示动作发生的地点或者动作的范围。
常见的分词作地点状语的结构有“分词+地点状语”。
例句:1.在花园里散步的时候,我发现了一只漂亮的蝴蝶。
2.躺在床上看书,我感到异常放松。
在上述例句中,分词作地点状语“在花园里散步的时候”和“躺在床上”分别表示动作发生的地点或者动作的范围。
分词作方式状语分词作方式状语时,可以表示动作的方式、方法等。
常见的分词作方式状语的结构有“分词+方式状语”。
例句:1.他用力地关上了门。
2.小明一边跳舞一边唱歌。
在上述例句中,分词作方式状语“用力地关上了门”和“一边跳舞一边唱歌”分别表示动作的方式。
分词作原因状语分词作原因状语时,可以表示动作的原因或动作发生的原因。
常见的分词作原因状语的结构有“分词+原因状语”。
例句:1.太阳下山了,天黑了。
2.因为下雨,所以他没有去散步。
在上述例句中,分词作原因状语“太阳下山了”和“因为下雨”分别表示动作发生的原因。
分词作条件状语分词作条件状语时,可以表示实现某种结果的条件。
常见的分词作条件状语的结构有“分词+条件状语”。
例句:1.如果你不努力学习,你就无法取得好成绩。
2.要是天气好,我们就去郊游。
在上述例句中,分词作条件状语“如果你不努力学习”和“要是天气好”分别表示实现某种结果的条件。
总结通过以上例句的分析,我们可以看出分词作状语能够丰富句子的表达,使得句子更加准确和生动。
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容:1.不定式作状语;2.-ing分词作状语;3.-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况:1、目的状语(分词一般不能作目的状语)He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注:表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用,构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构,其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news.3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语,有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
(常和only连用)。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果,是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时,不定式还可修饰一个句子,表明说话人的态度。
高考英语语法应用讲解一、现在分词作状语在写作中的应用(一)现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生,就用一般式:Ving例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息,他们都高兴得跳起来。
可以用时间状语从句替换:When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2:Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上,紧张感油然而生。
可以用时间状语从句替换:When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.仿写练习:看着这些照片,往日记忆涌上心头。
1.用现在分词作时间状语:_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句:_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时,用完成式:having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.(先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后,Roy 决定向Jane道歉。
高考英语语法专项练习:分词作状语附练习题及答案一、分词作状语1. 分词作状语的基本形式分词作状语是英语中一种常见的短语结构,它由分词(现在分词或过去分词)和修饰语构成,用来表示动作或状态的方式、原因、时间、条件、结果等方面的意义。
分词短语可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,起到修饰动词、形容词、副词等成分的作用。
2. 分词作状语的用法(1)表示方式:分词短语修饰动词,表示动作的方式。
例如:The boy ran home, whistling happily.那个男孩高高兴兴地哨着曲子跑回家。
(2)表示原因:分词短语修饰动词,表示动作的原因。
例如:Feeling tired, she went to bed early.由于感到疲劳,她早早地上床睡觉了。
(3)表示时间:分词短语修饰动词,表示动作的时间。
例如:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.他做完作业后就出去玩了。
(4)表示条件:分词短语修饰动词,表示动作的条件。
例如:Being rainy, we decided to stay indoors.由于天气雨天,我们决定呆在室内。
(5)表示结果:分词短语修饰动词,表示动作的结果。
例如:The boy fell off his bike, hurting his knee.那个男孩从自行车上摔下来,伤了膝盖。
3. 分词作状语的构成(1)现在分词作状语通常用来表示动作进行的方式、原因、时间、条件等,常常放在谓语动词之后,或者放在句首,用逗号与句子分开。
例如:He walked down the street, whistling a tune.他哼着曲子沿街走去。
Whistling a tune, he walked down the street.哼着曲子,他沿街走去。
(2)过去分词作状语通常用来表示动作已经完成或者被完成的情况,常常放在谓语动词之后,或者放在句首,用逗号与句子分开。
高考语法:分词作状语&讲解+练习分词作状语的用法可以肯定地说,分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的,也是最难掌握的。
历年的高考英语考题也说明,分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。
因此,本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分析,同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和理解技巧,以帮助同学们掌握其用法。
一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫,老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后,他就回家了。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定),如上面两句也可转换成:When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.After the work was finished, he went home.3. 高考实例When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared【分析】此题答案选C,分词短语when comparing different cultures 相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。
二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了,所以只好走路。
Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧,搬到了伦敦。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句,如上面三句也可转换成:As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.Because his car was broken down, he had to walk.Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.3. 高考实例(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face【分析】答案选A。
现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。
(2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice wasin low spirits. (2006福建卷)A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed【分析】答案选B。
现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。
三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来,我们就可以得到答案。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间,我们可以做得更好。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句,如上面几句也可转换成:If you work hard, you will succeed.If we add them all up, we can find the answer.If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.3. 高考实例______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春)A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given【分析】答案选D。
give 与其逻辑主语he 是动宾关系,用过去分词,故选D。
分词短语Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺If he is given time。
四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外,他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句,如上面两句也可转换成:Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.3. 高考实例No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷)A. performedB. performingC. to be performedD. being performed【分析】答案选A。
现在分词短语performed在此相当于they areperformed。
No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次”。
五、用作伴随状语1. 典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子。
2. 理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。
分词(短语)用作伴随状语时,它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生,即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作,分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。
3. 高考实例(1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷)A. doB. to doC. doingD. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷)A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _____ the same thing. (2006江苏卷)A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,_______ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷)A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。
六、用作方式状语1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。
有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构,如上面第一句也可换成:He earns a living by driving a truck.注:近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。
七、用作结果状语1. 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了,打死了一个过路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了,留下他妻子和五个儿子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下,车辆陷入泥沼,桥梁被水冲去。
2. 理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时,通常可转换成并列句,如上面两句也可转换成:He fired and killed one of the passers-by.He died and left his wife with five children.It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.3. 高考实例(1) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷)A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted【分析】答案选A,此句也可换成:He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷)A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching【分析】答案选B,此句也可换成:Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式:* doing :用来表示主动,且前后动作同时进行。