一．过去分词作状语的基本用法：过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。
1. 原因状语Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
Frightened by the noise in t he night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。
2. 时间状语Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。
Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。
那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
3. 条件状语Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。
Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。
4. 方式或伴随状语Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。
5. 让步状语Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
Waited by others for over half an hour, he didn’t turn up at the meeting. 尽管别人等了他半个多小时，他还是没有到会。
6.独立成份（插入语）Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening. 假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。
I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance. 如果有机会，我就到纽约来看你。
Generally speaking, people all believe what he has said. 一般说来，人们都相信他所说的。
二．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1.逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden （躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
2．时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
小练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空1. ____ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.2. ____ (put ) into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdown.3. ____ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl decided to spend another two weeks on the farm.4. ____ (look) out of the window, I saw some children playing hide-and-seek.5.He went to bed _____ (drink), and when he woke up, he found he still had his shoes on.6. He had an accident _____ (drive) to work yesterday.Keys: 1. Dressed 2. Put 3. Attracted 4. Looking 5. drunk 6. driving1、(2006年陕西17)Faced with a bill for $10，000，___________.A.John has taken an extra jobB.the boss has given john an extra jobC.an extra job has been takenD.an extra job has been given to John2、(2006年四川33)____________with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface3、(2006年福建33)______for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.A.BlamingB.BlamedC.To blameD.To be blamed4、(2006年广东29)No matter how frequently_____，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performedB.performingC.to be performedD.being performed5、(2005年上海33)___into use in April 2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.Having putD.Being put6、(2005年湖南22)____in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.DressedB.To dressD.DressingD.Having dressed7.If heated,_______. A.people can turn water into gas B.one can change ice into waterC.ice turns into waterD.people get water from ice答案：1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.CUnit3一. 单项选择：1. ____ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.A. Feeling something goB. Feeling something to goC. To feel something goneD. Having felt something gone2. ____my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.A. Not receiveB. Not to receiveC. Not receivedD. Not having received3. The new machine, if ___ properly, will work for at least ten years.A. useB. usingC. being usedD. used4. ____, the young man is healthy and strong.A. Fully developedB. Fully developingC. Having fully developedD. To be fully developed5. ___ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.A. When askedB. When askingC. To be askedD. When he was asking6. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. CompletedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed二. 完型填空Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ___1__ and traveling.Then after returning to the United States from a __2__ trip to Russia .Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __3__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4__ him. The materials between his bones became __5__.In less than one week after his return, he could not __6___. Every move that he _7___ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’problem and he might never ___8__ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up ___9___.Mr. Cousins thought that ___10___ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ___11__, he felt that happy thoughts or _12____ might cure his illness.He began to _13__ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __14____ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.__15___ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __16___ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __17___ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __18____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __19____.After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __20___.1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment14. A. day B. week C. month D. year15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness三. 阅读理解：AIt is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped （紧握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger （食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.1. Which of the following is true?A. People all over the world only communicate by words.B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.D. People can talk about anything in another country.2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”A. Yes.B. NoC. I heard youD. I am the winner3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.A. GreeceB. the USAC. EnglandD. China4. What does this sentence mean “….your action can speak louder than your words” ?A. What you do is better than what you say.B. You try your best to be polite.C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.D. What you say is better than what you do.5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.A. it is important to know the language.B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.BThe desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ___.A. man desire to explore what is unknown.B. man often goes wherever his dreams goC. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.D. man’s history is his exploration of the world.2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means ___.A. vastB. variousC. valuableD. practical3. The author seems to be in favor of ___.A. doubting the necessity of the space explorationB. the exploration of spaceC. exploring more in space than in seaD. his experience in space4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result”refers to the results ___.A. that are obtained from experienceB. that can be learned as knowledgeC. that can be made use ofD. helping us make further exploration.【试题答案】一. 单项选择：1. A解析：____ wrong with the engine做全句的原因状语，feel与主语具有主动关系，用-ing形式做状语，go wrong做宾语something的补足语。
