化工专用术语中英文

常见化工词汇中英文对照工艺流程连续过程continuous process间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶solidification包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder 片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a)无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment)爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage 环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating 设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble)pump螺杆泵screw(spiral)pump潜水泵submersible pump 斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner 倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top(bottom)tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutchefilter压滤器filter press压滤机pressurefilter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartmenttray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root＇s blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine管道工程piping engineering1阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat(body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level(handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve 针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀)angle valve Y型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型)wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc(eccentric)butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combinednon-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid(operated)valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open(top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀)(automatic)air vent valve 换向阀diverting(reversing)valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀block(shut-off,stop)valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve 快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS]steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve 集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀handoperated(manually-operated)valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀(小阀)bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve 软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root(primary,header)valve水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的extra heavy(strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy(strong)弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45°lateral Y型三通true“Y“四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bend U型弯管“U“bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange 压力级pressure rating(class)突面raisedface[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF] 3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type)Y型过滤器Y-type strainer T型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling 金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8字盲板spectacle(figure8)blind爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel[C.S.]不锈钢stainlesssteel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel;rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summarysheet 5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置piping assembly;layout详图detail“X“视图view“X““A-A“剖视section“A-A“轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header;manifold 旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection 伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electricaltracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part n。

规 范 电 极 电势 standard electrode potentialBET 公 式 BET f ormula D LV O 理 论 D LV O t h eo r yHLB 法 hydrophil e-lipophile balance method pVT 性 质 pV T propertyZ 电势 zeta potenti al阿 伏 加 德 罗 常 数 Av o g a d r o 'n u m b e r 阿 伏 加 德 罗 定 律Av o g a d r o l a w阿 累 尼 乌 斯 电 离 理 论 Arrhenius ionization theory 阿 累 尼 乌 斯 方 程 Arrhenius equation阿 累 尼 乌 斯 活 化 能 Arrhenius activation energy 阿 马 格 定 律 A magat law 艾 林 方 程 Eryi ng equation 爱 因 斯 坦 光化 当 量 定 律 Einstein 's law of photochemical equivalence爱 因 斯 坦 － 斯 托 克 斯 方 程 Einstein-Stokes equation安 托 万 常 数 Antoine constant 安 托 万 方 程 Antoine equation盎 萨 格 电 导 理 论 Onsager 's theory of conductance半 电 池 hal f cel l 半 衰 期 hal f ti me peri od 饱 和 液 体 saturated liquids爆 炸 界 限 explosion limits 比 表 面 功 specifi c surface work specific surface Gibbs function比 浓 粘 度 reduced viscosi ty规 范 电 动 势 standard electromotive force饱和蒸气 saturated vapor 饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure 比表面吉布斯函数规 范 摩 尔 生 成 焓 standard molar formation enthal py规 范 摩 尔 生成 吉 布 斯 函 数 standard molar formation Gibbs function规 范 平 衡 常 数 standard equilibri um constant 规 范 氢 电 极 stand ar d hy dr o gen electr ode 规 范 态 st andard st ate规 范 熵 standard en tr op y 规 范 压 力 standar d pr essure 规 范 状 况 standard condi tion表 观 活 化 能 apparent acti vation energy 表 观 摩 尔 质 量 apparent molecular wei ght 表 观 迁 移 数 apparent transf erence number 表 面 surf acessur f act ant ssur face ex cess 表 面 张 力 surf ace tension表 面 质 量 作 用 定 律 surface mass acti on law 波义尔定律 波义尔温度 Boyl e law Boyle temper ature波 义 尔 点 Boyl e poi nt 玻尔兹曼常数 玻尔兹曼分布 玻尔兹曼公式Bol tzmann constantBol tzmann distributi on Boltzmann for mula玻 尔 兹 曼 熵 定 理 Bol tzmann entropy theorem 玻 色 － 爱 因 斯 坦 统 计 Bose-Einstein statist ics泊 Po ise不 可 逆 过 程 irreversi ble process不 可 逆 过 程 热 力 学 thermodynamics of irreversi ble processes 不 可 逆 相 变 化 i rrev ersible phase change 布 朗 运 动 brow ni an mov ement 查 理 定 律 Char le 's law 产 率 yiel d敞 开 系 统 op en syst em规范摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs f unctionof molar r eaction规范摩尔反应熵 规范摩尔焓函数 规范摩尔吉布斯 规范摩尔燃烧焓st an d ar d st an d ar d由能函数 st an d ar d 规范摩尔熵 mol ar reaction entropy molar enthalpy f unction st andar d molar Gibbs m o lar com bustio n enthalstandar d molar ent ropyfr ee energy functionpy表面过程控制 surface process contr ol 表面活性剂表面吸附量超电势over potenti al沉降sedi mentation沉降电势sedi mentation potential 沉降平衡sedi mentation equilibrium触 变 thixotr opy粗 分 散 系 统 thick disperse sy stem 催 化 剂 c at al y s t单 分 子 层 吸 附 理 论 mono molecule l ayer adsorpti on 单 分 子 反 应 un i mol ecu lar react io n单 链 反 应straight chai n reactions弹 式 量 热 计 bomb calorimet er 道 尔 顿 分 压 定 律 Dalton parti al pressure law德 拜 和 法 尔 肯 哈 根 效 应 D ebye and Falkenhagen eff ect 德 拜 立 方 公 式 D ebye cubi c formul a德 拜 － 休 克 尔 极 限 公 式 Debye-Huckel 's limiting equation 等 焓 过 程i senth alpic p ro cess 等 焓 线 isenthal pic line等几率定理 等温等容位 等温等压位 theor em of equal probability H el m hol tz f r ee ener gy Gibbs fr ee en er gyequati on at constant temperature eutecti c point低 共 熔 混 合 物 eutecti c mixturel ow er consol ute point cryohydri c perpetual machi ne of perpetual machi ne of associ at ion chemi cal cell c onst ant电 池 电 动 势 electromotive force of cell s电 池 反 应 cell react io n电 导 co nd u c tanc e 电 导 率conducti vit y电 动 势 的 温 度 系 数 temperature coeffi cient of electromoti ve force 电 动 电 势 zeta p o tent ial 电 功 el ectr ic wo r k 电化学electrochemi stry电 化 学 极 化 electrochemical polar ization 电极电势 electr ode potential 电极反应 reacti ons on the electrode 电极种类 t ype o f electrod es 电解池 electrolyt ic cell 电量计 coulometer 电流效率 current eff iciency 电迁移 electro mi grati on电迁移率 electromobility道尔顿定律 D al ton l aw等温方程低共熔点 低会溶点低熔冰盐合晶 第二类永动机 第三定律熵 第一类永动机 缔合化学吸附 电池常数 third-l aw entropyt h e seco n d ki ndthe fir st kind adsorpti on电 渗 electroosmosi s电 渗 析 electrodialy sis电 泳 el ectrophoresi s丁达尔效应 D yndall eff ect定容摩尔热容 molar heat capaci ty under constant v olume定容温度计 Constant v oI ume t hermometer 定压摩尔热容 molar heat capaci ty under con stant pr essu r e定压温度计 constant pressure ther mom eter 定域子系统 localized particle sy stem动力学方程 kinet ic equat ions动力学控制 ki net ics con tr ol独立子系统 independent particle syst em对比摩尔体积 reduced mole v olume对 比 体 积 reduced vol ume对 比 温 度 r educed t emp eratur e 对 比 压 力r educed p r essur e对 称 数 symmetr y number 对 行 反 应 reversi bl e reactions对 应 状 态 原 理 pri ncipl e of corresponding state 多 方 过 程 poly tropic process多 分 子 层 吸 附 理 论 adsorption theory of mul ti-molecular layers 二 级 反 应 second order reaction二 级 相 变 seco nd order p h ase change 法 拉 第 常 数 farad ay constant 法 拉 第 定 律Far aday 's law反 电 动 势 b a c k E. M. F. 反 渗 透 rever se osmosis mol ecul arity reacti on orders ex tent of reaction反 应 热 heat of react i o n反 应 速 率 r at e o f r eact i o n非 依 时 计 量 学 反 应 time independent stoichiometric reacti ons 菲 克 扩 散 第 一 定 律Fick 's f irst law of diffusion反应分子数 反应级数 反应进度反应速率常数 constan t o f r eacti on r ate范德华常数van der Wa als constant 范德华方程 van der Wa alsequat ion范德华力 v a n d e r Wa al s f or c e范德华气体van der Wa als gases 范特霍夫方程van 't H of f equat ion 范特霍夫规则 v an 't H of f ru le范 特 霍 夫 渗 透 压 公 式 van 't Hoff equation of osmot ic pressure非 基 元 反 应 non-elementary reacti ons非体积功 non-vol ume work沸 点 boili ng point沸 点 升 高 elev ati on of boiling point 费 M － 狄 拉 克 统 计 Fermi-Dirac statistics 分 布 di st ri bution分 布 数 distribut ion numbers 分 解 电 压 decomposition volt age 分 配 定 律 distributi on law 分 散 系 统 disperse sy stem 分 散 相 disper sion phase 分 体 积 par ti al volume 分 体 积 定 律 partial vol ume law 分 压parti al pressure分 压 定 律 parti al pressure law分 子 反 应 力 学 mechanics of molecular reactions 分 子 间 力i nterm olecul ar f or ce分 子 蒸 馏 molecular di stil lati on 封 闭 系 统clo sed syst em附 加 压 力 excess pressu re弗 罗 因 德 利 希 吸 附 经 验 式 Freundlich empi rical formula of adsorption 负 极 negative pol e 负 吸 附 negati ve adsorption 复 合 反 应 composite reacti on 盖 •吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law H ess l aw calomel electrodely otropic seri es lever rule格 罗 塞 斯 －德 雷 珀 定 律 Grotthus-Draoer 's law隔 离 系 统 i sol ated syst em根 均 方 速 率 root-mean-square speed 功wor k功 函 wo r k content共 轭 溶 液 conjugate solution共 沸 温 度 azeotropic temperature 构 型 熵 configurational entropy 孤 立 系 统 i sol ated syst em 固 溶 胶 sol id so l固 态 混 合 物 sol i d sol u ti on 固 相 线 sol id phase l i ne 光 反 应 photoreacti on光 化 学 第 二定 律 the second law of actinochemistry 光 化 学 第 一 定 律 the first law of actinochemistry光 敏 反 应 photosensi tized reactions 光 谱 熵 spect ru m entr opy 广 度 性 质ex tensiv e propert y盖斯定律 甘汞电极 感胶离子序 杠杆规则 高分子溶液 macromolecular solution 高会溶点 u pper con sol u te p oint 隔离法 the isolation method广延量extensive quanti ty广延性质ex tensiv e propert y规定熵stip ulated entrop y过饱和溶液oversaturated sol ution过饱和蒸气ov ersaturated v apor过程pr ocess过渡状态理论t ransi ti on state theory过冷水super-cooled w ater过冷液体overcooled l iquid过热液体overheated l iquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholt z funct ion亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criteri on亥姆霍兹自由能H el m hol tz f r ee energ y亥氏函数Hel mholt z funct ion焓 e nt h al py亨利常数H enry constant亨利定律Henry l aw恒沸混合物const ant boi li ng mi x ture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant v olume恒容热heat at constant v olume恒外压constant external pr essur e恒压摩尔热容molar heat capaci ty at constant pressure恒压热heat at con stant p ressur e化学动力学chemical ki netics化学反应计量式stoichiometr ic equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coeffici ent of chemi cal reacti on 化学反应进度extent of chemical react ion化学亲合势chemical aff inity化学热力学chemical thermodynami cs化学势chemical potenti al化学势判据chemical potential cri teri on化学吸附chemi sorptions环境envi ro n ment环境熵变entropy change in envi ronment挥发度vol atil ity混合熵ent ropy of mix ing混合物mi x ture活度acti vity活化控制acti vation control活化络合物理论activated compl ex theory活化能activati on energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Wa tson Chart基态能级energy level at gr ound state基希霍夫公式K i rchhoff f ormula基元反应elementary reacti ons积分溶解热integrati on heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gi bbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Hel mhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs funct ion吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function cr iter ion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption for mula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 敞开系统open system 超电势over potenti al 沉降sedi mentation沉降电势sedi mentation potential沉降平衡sedi mentation equilibrium触变thixotr opy粗分散系统thick disperse system 催化剂catal yst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule l ayer adsorpti on单分子反应un i mol ecu lar react io n单链反应弹式量热计straight chai n reacti ons bombcalorimet er道尔顿定律 D al ton l aw道尔顿分压定律Dalton parti al pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应 D ebye and Falkenhagen eff ect德拜立方公式 D ebye cubi c formul a德拜－休克尔极限公式Deby e-Huckel's limit ing equation 等焓过程i senthal pic process等焓线isenthal pic line等几率定理等温等容位等温等压位等温方程低共熔点theor em of equal probabilityH el m hol tz f r ee ener gyGibbs fr ee en er gyequati on at constant temperature eutecti c point低共熔混合物eutecti c mixture低会溶点l ow er consol ute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydri c第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second ki nd 第三定律熵third-l aw entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the fir st kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorpti on电池常数电池电动势电池反应cell c on st antelectromotive force of cell s cell react io n电 导 co nd u c tanc e 电 导 率 conducti vit y电 动 势 的 温 度 系 数 temperature coeffi cient of electromoti ve force 电 动 电 势 zeta p o tent ial 电 功 el ectr ic wo r k 电 化 学 electrochemi stry electrochemi cal polarizat ion电 极 电 势 electr ode potential 电 极 反 应 reacti ons on the electrode对 比 温 度 r educed t emp eratur e对 比 压 力 r educed p r essur e对 称 数 symmetr y number 对 行 反 应 reversi bl e reactions对 应 状 态 原 理 pri ncipl e of correspondi ng state 多 方 过 程 poly tropic process 多 分 子 层 吸 附 理 论 adsorption theory of mul ti-molecular layers反 应 分 子 数 mol ecul arity反 应 级 数 reacti on orders二级反应 seco nd orderreaction二级相变 seco nd orderp h as e c h a n ge法拉第常数 farad ay constant 法拉第定律 Far aday ' s l a w反电动势b ac k E. M. F.电化学极化电极种类 t ype o f electrod es 电 解 池 electrolyt ic cell 电 量 计coulom eter电 流 效 率 current eff iciency 电 迁 移 electro mi grati on 电 迁 移 率electromobil ity丁达尔效应 D yndall eff ect定容摩尔热容molar heat capaci ty under constant v olume定容温度计 定压摩尔热容 Constant v oI ume t hermometer molar heat capaci ty under constant pressure定域子系统 localized particle sy stem 动力学方程 动力学控制 kinet ic equat ions ki netics con tr ol独立子系统 independent particle syst em 对比摩尔体积 reduced mole v olume对比体积 reduced vol ume 电 渗 electroosmosi s 电 渗 析electrodialy sis 电 泳 el ectrophoresi s定压温度计 constant pressure ther mom eter高分子溶液 macromolecular sol uti on 高会溶点upper consol ute point反 应 进 度 ex tent of reacti on 反 应 热heat of react i o n反 应 速 率 r at e o f r eact i o n 反应速率常数 范德华常数 范德华方程 constant of reacti on rate van der Wa als constant van der Waals equat ion范德华力 v a n d e r Wa al s f or c e范德华气体 范特霍夫方程 范特霍夫规则van der Wa als gases van 't H of f equat ion v an 't H of f ru le范特霍夫渗透压公式 van 't Hoff equation of osmot ic pressure 非基元反应 non-elementary reacti ons 非 体 积 功 non-vol ume work 非 依 时 计 量 学 反 应 time independent stoichiometric reacti ons 菲 克 扩 散 第 一 定 律 Fick 's f irst law of diffusion沸 点boili ng point沸 点 升 高 elevation of boil ing point 费 M － 狄 拉 克 统 计 Fermi -Di rac stati sti cs 分 布 di st ri bution分 布 数 distribut ion numbers 分 解 电 压 decomposition volt age 分 配 定 律 distributi on law 分 散 系 统 disperse sy stem 分 散 相 disper sion phase 分 体 积 par ti al volume 分 体 积 定 律 partial vol ume law 分 压parti al pressure分 压 定 律 parti al pressure law分 子 反 应 力 学 mechani cs of molecular reactions分子间力 分子蒸馏 封闭 系统 i nt ermolecular f orce molecular di stil lati on clo sed syst em附加 弗罗 负极负吸 力 德利希吸附经验式excess pressu re Freundlich empi rical formula of adsorption附 复合反应 盖•吕萨克 盖斯定律 甘汞电极 感胶离子序 杠杆规则negative pol enegati ve adsorption compositereacti on 定 律 Gay-L ussac law He ss l a wcalomel el ectrodely otropic series l ever rul e隔离法the i solat ion method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-D raoer's law隔离系统i sol ated syst em根均方速率r o o t - m e a n - sq u ar e s p ee d功wor k功函wo r k content共轭溶液conj ugate sol uti on共沸温度azeotropi c temperature构型熵conf i gurational entropy孤立系统i sol ated syst em固溶胶sol id so l固态混合物soli d sol uti on固相线sol id phase l i n e光反应photoreacti on光化学第二定律the second law of acti nochemi stry 光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensi tized reactions光谱熵spect ru m entr opy广度性质ex tensiv e propert y广延量ext ensi ve quanti ty广延性质ex tensiv e propert y规定熵stip ulated entrop y过饱和溶液oversaturated sol ution过饱和蒸气ov ersaturated v apor过程pr ocess过渡状态理论t ransi ti on state theory过冷水s uper-cooled w ater过冷液体overcooled l iquid过热八液体overheated l iquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholt z funct ion亥姆霍兹函数判据Hel mhol tz f unc tion criteri on 亥姆霍兹自由能H el m hol tz f r ee en ergy亥氏函数Hel mholt z funct ion焓ent h al py亨利常数H enry constant亨利定律Henry l aw恒沸混合物const ant boi li ng mi x tu re恒容摩尔热八容molar heat capaci ty at constant v olume恒容热heat at constant v olume恒外压constant external pr essur e恒压摩尔热容molar heat capaci ty at constant pressure恒压热heat at con stant p ressur e化学动力学chemical ki netics化学反应计量式stoichiometr ic equation of chemical reaction化 学 反 应 计 量 系 数 stoichiometric coeffici ent of chemi cal reaction 化 学 反 应 进 度 extent of chemical react ion化 学 亲 合 势 chemical aff inity化 学 热 力 学 chemical thermodynami cs化 学 势 chemical potenti al化 学 势 判 据 chemical potential cri teri on化 学 吸 附chemi sorptions 环 境 envi ro n ment环 境 熵 变 entropy change in envi ronment挥 发 度 vol atil ity混 合 熵 ent ropy of mix ing混 合 物 mi x ture活 度 acti vity活 化 控 制 acti vation control活 化 络 合 物 理 论 activated compl ex theory活 化 能 activati on energy霍 根 -华 森 图 Hougen-Wa tson Chart基 态 能 级 energy level at gr ound state基 希 霍 夫 公 式 K i rchhoff f ormula基 元 反 应 elementary reacti ons积 分 溶 解 热 integrati on heat of dissolution吉 布 斯 － 杜 亥 姆 方 程 Gi bbs-Duhem equation吉 布 斯 － 亥 姆 霍 兹 方 程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉 布 斯 函 数 Gibbs f uncti on 吉 布 斯 函 数 判 据 Gibbs function cr iter ionGibbs adsorption for mula吉 氏 函 数 Gibbs functi on极 化 电 极 电 势 polari zation potential of electrode 极 化 曲 线 polarizat ion curves 极 化 作 用 polarizat ion极 限 摩 尔 电 导 率limi ti ng molar conductivity 几 率 因 子 steric f actor计 量 式 stoichiometri c equation计 量 系 数 stoi chiometric coeffici ent价 数 规 则r ul e of val ence 简 并 度degener acy 键 焓 bond en thalpy胶 冻broth jel ly 胶 核 coll oi dal nucleus 胶 凝 作 用 demul sifi cation 胶 束 m i c e l l e胶 体 coll oi d胶 体 分 散 系 统 dispersi on system of col loid吉布斯吸附公式 吉布斯自由能 Gi bbs free energy胶 体 化 学 collochemi stry胶 体 粒 子 coll oi dal particl es胶 团 micel le焦 耳 定 律 Joul e's law接 触 电 势 cont act potential接 触 角 contact ang le节 流 过 程 throttli ng process 节 流 膨 胀 throttling expansi on 节 流 膨 胀 系 数 coeffici ent of throttling expansion 结 线 t ie l ine 结 晶 热 heat of crystallizati on解 离 化 学 吸 附 dissociation chemical adsor ption 界 面 i nterf aces 界 面 张 力 surf ace tension浸 湿 i mmersion wetti ng浸 湿 功 immersi on w etti ng work精 馏 rect if y聚 （ 合 ） 电 解 质 pol yelectrol yte聚 沉 coagulati on聚 沉 值 coagul ati on v alue绝 对 反 应 速 率 理 论 absolute reacti on rate theory Kohlrausch 's L aw of Independent M igration of 可 能 的 电 解 质 potential electrol yte可 逆 电 池 reversibl e cell可 逆 过 程 rever sible process可 逆 过 程 方 程 reversibl e process equat ion 可 逆 体 积 功 rever sible volume work 可 逆 相 变 reversibl e phase change克 拉 佩 龙 方 程 Clapey ron equation克 劳 修 斯 不 等 式 Cl ausius i nequali ty 克 劳 修 斯 － 克 拉 佩 龙 方 程 Clausius- Clapeyron equation 控 制 步 骤 control step焦 耳 Jo u l e焦 耳 -汤姆 生实 验焦 耳 -汤姆 生系 数Joule-T homson Joule-T homson ex per im ent coeffi cient 焦 耳 -汤姆 生效 应 Joule-T homson effect 绝对熵 abso lu te entr op y绝对温标absolute temperature scal e 绝热过程 绝热量热计 adiabati c process adi abati c calori meter绝 热 指 数 adiabatic i ndex卡诺定理卡诺循环 开尔文公式 Car not theo r em Carnot cy cleK el vi n f or m u la柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 K onovalov -Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controll ed拉普拉斯方程L apl ace's equati on拉乌尔定律Raoul t law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption i sotherm formul a雷利公式Rayleigh equati on冷冻系数coefficient of refri geration冷却曲线cooling cur ve离解热heat of di ssoci ation离解压力dissociat ion pressure离域子系统non-locali zed particle systems离子的规范摩尔生成焓standard molar f ormation of ion离子的电迁移率mobilit y of i ons离子的迁移数t ransport number of i ons离子独立运动定律law of the independent migr ation of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ioni c strength理想混合物per fect mi xture理想气体i deal gas理想气体的绝热指数adi abat ic i ndex of i deal gases理想气体的微观模型mi cro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions 理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of i deal gase s理想气体状态方程state equation of i deal gas理想稀溶液ideal dil ute sol ution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mi xture粒子parti cles粒子的配分函数partition f uncti on of particles连串反应consecut iv e react ions链的传递物chain carr ier链反应chai n reacti ons量热熵cal or imetr ic entropy量子统计quant um statistics量子效率quantum yiel d临界参数cri ti cal paramet er临界常数crit ical constant临界点crit ical poi nt临界胶束浓度cri ti cal micell e concentration临界温度cri ti cal tem peratu re临界压力cri ti cal pr essu re临界状态 c ri ti cal state零级反应zero o r der reactio n流动电势streami ng potenti al流动功fl ow work笼罩效应 c age eff ect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rul e of fugacity 露点dew poi nt露点线dew point l in e麦克斯韦关系式M axw ell rel at ions麦克斯韦速率分布M axwel l distributi on of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdi stri bution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capi llary毛细现象capi llary phenomena临界摩尔体积cri tical molar vol umeM 凯利斯常数M i chael is constant摩尔电导率摩尔反应焓mol ar conductivi ty mol ar reacti on enthalpy摩尔混合熵摩尔气体常数mol e ent ropy of mix ing m o lar g as constan t摩尔热容摩尔溶解焓摩尔稀释焓molar heat capaci tymol e di ssoluti on enthal py mol e dilution enthal py内扩散控制internal diff usions control 内能i nternal en er gy内压力inter nal pressu re能级energy level s能级分布energy level di stri bution能量均分原理能斯特方程能斯特热定理principle of the equipartiti on of energy N ernst equati onN e r n st he at t h eo r em凝固点freezing poi nt。

化工专业英语Volatile:挥发性的 Semipermeable membrane:半透膜 immiscible：不相混的 Debit:把….记入借方 Credit:记入贷方Electrical potential:电势 Leaching:浸提 Extraction：萃取 Direct current:直流 Instantaneous:瞬间的 Successive：连续的 Collision：碰撞 Impeller：叶轮 Wavelet analysis:微元分析 Entrainment：夹带 Breakage：破坏Attrition：磨损 Indispensable：不可缺少的 Trajectory:轨道 Acrylic：丙烯酸 Baffle：挡板 Ruffle：滋扰 Discharge:释放 circulation flow:环流attrition：磨损 nucleation：成核 Catalytic：催化 frequency：频率shutter：快门 inertia：惯性 Pitched：倾斜的 histogram：柱状图breakdown：破坏 Unit 14 Distillation Dumped or ordered packings:乱堆或整齐堆放填料 Plate:板 Tray:塔盘 Hold-down and support plates:固定和支撑板 Fraction:馏分 Cascading:成瀑布落下，分多级进行 Reboiler：再沸器Overhead condenser: 塔顶冷凝器 Reflux:回流 Distillate：馏出物Countercurrent:逆流 Relative volatility：相对挥发度 Rectifying section:精馏段 Stripping section:提留段 Sidestream：侧线馏分 Circumvent:回避Hypothetical:假设的 Equilibrium-stage：平衡级（理论板） Tray efficiency:塔板效率 The number of hypothetical equilibrium stages required is then converted to a number actual trays by means of tray efficiencies, which describe the extent to which the performance of actual contact tray duplicates the performance of an equilibrium stage 然后理论塔板数通过塔板效率被转换成实际塔板数；塔板效率是实际塔板表现和理论塔板表现的比值。

化工词汇中英对照随着全球经济不断发展，化工工业也日渐成为国民经济发展的重要支柱产业之一。

在这个行业中，许多的专业术语不仅需要理解其中文含义，同时也需要了解其英文对照，以适应国际化交流的需求。

因此，在这篇文章中，我们将带领大家了解化工词汇中的中英对照，帮助大家更好地掌握这个行业的专业术语。

一、化学品类1. 分子量(Molecular weight) - The weight of a molecule ofa substance, expressed in atomic mass units (amu).2. 合成树脂(Synthetic resin) - A thermosetting or thermoplastic material formed by the polymerization of a resin and a hardener or catalyst.3. 聚合物(Polymer) - A large molecule consisting of many repeating subunits, each of which is a monomer.4. 酸(Acid) - A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) to a solution. Acids have a pH of less than 7.5. 酸性物质(Acidic substance) - A substance with a pH of less than 7, indicating the presence of hydrogen ions.6. 碱(Base) - A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Bases have a pH of greater than7.7. 中性物质(Neutral substance) - A substance with a pH of 7, indicating that it is neither acidic nor basic.8. 溶剂(Solvent) - A substance capable of dissolving another substance to form a homogeneous mixture.9. 溶解度(Solubility) - The amount of a substance that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.10. 醇(Alcohol) - A compound containing a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom.11. 酮(Ketone) - A compound containing a carbonyl (C=O) group attached to two carbon atoms.12. 酯(Ester) - A compound formed by the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.二、化学反应1. 氧化(Oxidation) - A chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons and/or gains oxygen.2. 还原(Reduction) - A chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons and/or loses oxygen.3. 聚合(Polymerization) - The process of forming a polymer by joining together many monomers.4. 缩聚(Condensation) - A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine, usually with the elimination of a small molecule such as water, to form a larger molecule.5. 加成(Addition) - A chemical reaction in which a molecule is added to a double or triple bond, resulting in the formation of a new single bond.6. 消除(Elimination) - A chemical reaction in which a molecule is removed from an organic compound, often resulting in the formation of a double or triple bond.7. 反应速率(Reaction rate) - The rate at which a chemical reaction occurs, usually measured as the change in concentration of a reactant or product over time.8. 活化能(Activation energy) - The minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.9. 热力学能量(Thermodynamic energy) - The energy associated with the heat and work exchanged during a chemical reaction.三、化工设备与工艺1. 反应釜(Reactor) - A vessel used for carrying out chemical reactions.2. 搅拌器(Agitator) - A device used to mix or stir a substance.3. 蒸馏塔(Distillation column) - A tower used in the process of distillation to separate components of a mixture based on their boiling points.4. 加热器(Heater) - A device used to heat a substance.5. 冷却器(Cooler) - A device used to cool a substance.6. 过滤器(Filter) - A device used to remove impurities froma substance.7. 压力容器(Pressure vessel) - A container designed to hold substances at high pressure.8. 计量泵(Metering pump) - A device used to accurately measure and deliver a liquid or gas.9. 真空泵(Vacuum pump) - A device used to create a vacuum by removing air or gas from a system.10. 管道系统(Piping system) - A network of pipes used to transport liquids or gases from one location to another.四、安全与环境保护1. 安全数据表(Safety data sheet) - A document that provides information about the hazards, handling, storage, and disposal of a chemical substance.2. 废物处理(Waste disposal) - The process of safely disposing of hazardous or non-hazardous waste.3. 危险品标识(Hazardous material labeling) - A system of labeling and identification used to indicate the potential hazards of a substance.4. 化学品存储(Chemical storage) - The safe and proper storage of chemicals to prevent accidents and ensure the integrity of the substances.5. 环境影响评价(Environmental impact assessment) - The process of evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or operation.6. 水污染防治(Water pollution prevention and control) - The prevention and control of the discharge of pollutants into water sources.7. 大气污染控制(Air pollution control) - The prevention and control of the emission of pollutants into the air.总之，了解化工词汇中的中英对照是学习和掌握化工行业的基础，特别是在国际化交流中。

普通化学 General Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学 Physical Chemistry谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physica 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验 Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学 Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展 Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis环境化学 Environmental Chemistry环境监测 Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学 Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry方案(建议书)proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 - kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品)() product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 - technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specification（技术表）DATA SHEET（） technical data sheet(技术评标）TBA(） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design package(项目经理)PM () project manager(专业负责人LDE( lead discipline engineer(材料询价单)MRQ() Material requisition for quotation(材料采购单)MRP() material requisition for purchase(基础工程设计包)BEP() basic engineering package&(管道及仪表流程图) ()P&ID() piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architecture（详细设计阶段）DDP（） detail design phase二. 工艺流程.连续过程continuous process 间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶、solidification包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression三、化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的 ()water absorbent(a)无水的()anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的()colorless(a)透明的()transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点-self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境 ()explosive atmosphere(environment)爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气-off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线--stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度 ()design temperature(pressure)相对湿度=RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵()hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 ()screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵--air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘 ()()top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽-make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜 -wet gas-holder干式气柜 -dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 -helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀,rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器--plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier 真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机roots blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五、管道工程piping engineering阀门 valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座 ( )valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)(,)trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄 ()hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀)()angle valve型阀(截止阀)-(- )Y()Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型)()wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 ()offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 -combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀-three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀-four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀[]safety[SV]安全泄放阀 []relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀-flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀 ()solenoid (operated) valve电动阀(-)electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 ()open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀)()()(automatic) air vent valve换向阀 ()diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 (-, )block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀-non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子(按标准制造的配管用管)pipe()(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)tube()钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管 [..]carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 [..]stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管-wrought-steel pipe锻铁管-wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管[]seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管--electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管-()- -()electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀 (-)hand operated(manually-operated) valve (水)龙头;;()bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀)()bleed valve旁路阀-by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀 (, )root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管-water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚 []wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 [..]schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 (),extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 (),double extra heavy (strong)弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头180°long radius return短半径180°弯头180°short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45°45°45°lateral型三通""Ytrue"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头;coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bend型弯管""U"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的 []butt welded[BW]螺纹的[]threaded[THD]承插焊的 []socket welded[SW]法兰[]flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰-slip-on flange平焊法兰--slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰 []lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 []weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 ;blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级 ()pressure rating(class)突面 []raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面 ; [];flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 3.piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器 ( )temporary strainer(cone type)型过滤器-YY-type strainer型过滤器-TT-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头;spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头 []hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8字盲板 ( 8)8spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料4碳素钢 [..]carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 [..]stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 [..]cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜,copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料-non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片[]gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢-I-beam宽缘工字钢或钢Hwide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢 ;round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表 []bill of material[BOM]材料统计 -[]material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary []sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界 []boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置 ();equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan 标高,立面[],elevation[EL]支撑点 []point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面 []piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 ;piping assembly; layout详图detail""视图 """X"view "X""-" 剖视 "-""A-A" section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图 [&]piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管;header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热-hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing 夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part n。

石油化工专用术语汇总石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-E&FEthylene 乙烯Feed purification unit FPU 进料精制单元Feeding pump 进料泵Filler material 焊补材料Factory acceptance test FAT 工厂验收试验Engineering service ES 工程服务Erucamide 芥酸酰胺ethyl benzene/ styrene EB/SM 乙苯/苯乙烯Fire & gas detection F&GD 火灾气体检测Fire monitor 消防水炮Fire Retardant clothes FRC 防火服Firing/ignition/light off 点火Fractions /cut 馏分Functional design specification FDS 功能设计规范石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-G/H/IInstrument tapping 仪表接管In-tank pump 输入泵Intermediate reboiler 中间再沸器Intermediate stress relief ISR 中间应力消除Intermittent operation 间歇操作Isobutene 异丁烯Gasoline treating unit GTU 汽油加氢单元General purpose polystyrene GPPS 通用聚苯乙烯Girth baffle 围堰挡板Girth plate 圈板Hexane 己烷High impact polystyrene HIPS 耐冲击聚苯乙烯Homoplymer 均聚物Hydrated Talc Powder DHT-4A 水合滑石粉DHT-4AImpact copolymer ICP 抗冲共聚物Implosion 暴聚Incompleted project 未完工程Industrial water 工业水Inhibitor 抑制剂/缓蚀剂Isomers 异构体石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-J-LJob observation JO 作业观察Job safety assessment JSA 工作安全评估Ledger 台帐Letter of intent LOI 意向书light off 点火Light Stabilizer Chimassorb 944 光稳定剂Chimassorb 944Light Stabilizer Tinuvin 326 光稳定剂Tinuvin 326Lighting protection 防雷电保护Jacket 夹套管Job hazard analysis JHA 工作危险分析Key Performance Index KPI 关键绩效（性能）指标Lab information and management system LIMS 试验室信息管理系统Lack of fusion 未熔透Lack of penetration 未焊透Leak test 密封性试验Line manager 上级主管Local PI Local PILocksmith 钳工石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-M-NMeta- 间位Metallography 金相分析Methanol 甲醇Molecular Sieve for Water Removal 脱水用3A-PCG分子筛3A-PCG Multimode fibre optic 多模光纤Management of Change MOC 变更管理Material safety data sheet MSDS 材料安全数据表Membrane recovery unit MRU 膜回收装置Multiple pass welding 多道焊接/压道焊接Muster point 集合点Naphtha 石脑油Natural gas letdown station 天然气减压站Non destructive Test NDT 无损检验Normal water NW 普通水Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR 核磁共振石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-OOil scraper 刮油机Olefin 烯烃Olefin conversion unit OCU 烯烃转换单元One-time-filling Catalysts 一次性装填催化剂Operator training simulator OTS 操作员仿真培训系统Ortho- 邻位Outstation 仪表外站Oxygen deficient atmosphere 空气缺氧环境石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-PPara- 对位Passivation 钝化/预膜Pd Catalyst for Acetylene Removal (G-58) 脱乙炔用钯催化剂（G-58）Pelletizer 造粒机Pellets cooling water tank PCWT 切粒水槽Penetration test PT 渗透检验Pentane 戊烷Peroxides Carried on White Oil & Silicon Oxide 载于白油、氧化硅上的过氧化物Phosphate 磷酸盐Phosphate 磷酸盐Pilot gas 点燃气/长明灯的气体Pinch point 扭点Piperack 管廊Plant Information PI 装置信息Polybutadiene Rubber PBR 顺丁橡胶Polyethylene PE 聚乙烯Polyolefin PO 聚烯烃Polypropylene PP 聚丙烯Polystyrene PS 聚苯乙烯Potassium hydroxide 氢氧化钾Preblend 预混料Preblend system PBS 混料系统Pre-clean 预清洗Pre-film 预膜Preparation tank 配制槽Pressure relief valve PRV 泄压阀Pressure safety valve PSV 安全阀Pre-startup safety review PSSR 预开车安全检查Pre-sulfuration 预硫化Primary Antioxidant Irganax 1010 主抗氧剂Irganax 1010Primary Antioxidant Irganax 1076 主抗氧剂Irganax 1076Primary Catalysts 主催化剂Processing Additive dynamar FX5920A 加工助剂dynamar FX5920A Project change note PCN 项目变更单Project HSE review PHSER 项目HSE审查Project Management Contractor PMC 项目管理承包商Propylene recovery unit PRU 丙烯回收单元Purified terephthalic acid PTA 精对苯二甲酸Pyrolysis fuel oil PFO 裂解燃料油Pyrolysis gas oil PGO 裂解柴油石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-RQuantitative risk analysis QRA 定性风险分析Radiographic test RT 拍片检验Raffinate (oil) 残油液Random copolymer RCP 无规则共聚物Rebar binding 扎筋Reference gas 参比气体Repair welding 补焊Rigger 吊运工Riveter 铆工石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-SSettler 沉降槽Settler 沉降槽Share point policy Share point 原则Sign-in list 签字单Silt 淤泥Safety instrument system SIS 安全仪表系统Safety integrity level SIL 安全综合水平SDx催化剂SDx CatalystSecondary Antioxidant Irgafos 168 辅助抗氧剂Irgafos 168Secondary Antioxidant Irgafos P-EPQ 辅助抗氧剂Irgafos P-EPQSecondary Antioxidant Irganox PS802 辅助抗氧剂Irganox PS802Secondary Antioxidant Tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite (TnPP 辅助抗氧剂亚磷酸-三正壬基苯(TnPP)secondary Antioxidant Westing 619 辅助抗氧剂Westing 619Selective C4 hydrogenation unit SHU 碳四选择加氢单元Sendout pump 输出泵Site acceptance test SAT 现场验收试验Site wide system SWS 全场系统Software license agreement SLA 软件许可协议Solo test run 单机试车Spool 短管/旁路管Standard operation procedure SOP 标准操作程序Steam trap 疏水器Sulfolane 环丁砜Sulfuric acid 硫酸Swift up temperature 飞温swing SWING 切换生产线石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-TTag line 溜绳Tank farm 罐区Tax reimbursement 退税Technical service TS 技术服务Termination 端接Three-phase three-wire system 三相三线制Tie-in point 接入点Toolbox talks 交接会/班前会Transfer line exchanger TLE 废热锅炉/清焦锅炉Triethyl aluminum TEAL 三乙基铝Turbidity 浊度Turbidity 浊度石油化工专业翻译术语汇总-U-ZUltrasonic test UT 超声波检验Value-added tax VAT 增值税Valve positioner 阀门定位器Variation order VO 变更单Vendor databook VDB 厂商数据表Venturi tube 文丘里管Weep hole 泄水孔Welding Procedure Specification WPS 焊接工艺规程Welding repair procedure 补焊工艺weldolet 焊接管台Wind vane 风向标X-ray fluoroscopy XRF X射线荧光分析Zinc Oxide 氧化锌Zirconia ZrO 氧化锆Zinc Stearate 硬酯酸锌。

化工术语中英文对照大全前言化工术语是在化学工程和化学领域中使用的一系列专业术语。

随着全球化的进程，化工行业与国际市场的交流与合作日益频繁。

掌握化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的，能够方便与国际同行交流、合作与沟通。

本文档整理了一份化工术语的中英文对照大全，方便化工从业人员在国际交流中准确地表达和理解专业术语。

术语列表以下是常用化工术语的中英文对照列表：1.聚合物 - Polymer2.离子 - Ion3.反应器 - Reactor4.温度 - Temperature5.压力 - Pressure6.流体 - Fluid7.溶液 - Solution8.摩尔质量 - Molar mass9.等压过程 - Isothermal process10.等温过程 - Isobaric process11.等容过程 - Isochoric process12.间歇反应 - Batch reaction13.持续反应 - Continuous reaction14.催化剂 - Catalyst15.化学平衡 - Chemical equilibrium16.离子交换 - Ion exchange17.液相萃取 - Liquid-liquid extraction18.气相色谱 - Gas chromatography19.液相色谱 - Liquid chromatography20.气相质谱 - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry21.电泳 - Electrophoresis22.光谱学 - Spectroscopy23.吸收 - Absorption24.反应速率 - Reaction rate25.反应动力学 - Reaction kinetics26.化学工程 - Chemical engineering27.材料科学 - Materials science28.环境工程 - Environmental engineering29.工艺优化 - Process optimization30.安全工程 - Safety engineering使用示例为了更好地理解这些术语的用法，以下是一些使用示例：1.。

化工厂常用术语英文表达1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 Valve1.6.1 结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型plug gate valve直通型through conduit gate valve(2) globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) ball valve三通3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘canted disc butterfly valve连杆式link butterfly valve8) piston type valve(9) plug valve三通three-way plug valve四通four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) check valve升降式lift check valve旋启式swing check valve, flap check valve落球式ball check valve弹簧球式spring ball check valve双板对夹式dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式piston check valve斜翻盘tilting disc check valve蝶式butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valvesolenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式float trap倒吊桶式inverted bucket trap自由浮球式loose float trap恒温式thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （用）平板式滑动slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damperpressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压back pressure regulating valve差压differential pressure regulating valve压力比例pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainerfilter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckle U形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion doo5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD)接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C) 坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable(4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall篦子板grate; grating吊装孔erection opening吊梁hoisting beam棚shelter窗window天窗skylight门door防火门fire door地漏floor drain防火层fire-proofing总图general plot plan路肩shoulder桩pile灌浆grouting风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load动力荷载dynamic load静荷载dead load活荷载live load风速wind velocity主导风向most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘）panel就地盘local panel仪表盘instrument panel常开normally open常闭normally closed电缆槽（架）cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计manometer; pressure gauge热电偶thermocouple温度计thermometer液位计level gauge玻璃液位计gage glass温度计保护管thermowell流量计flow meter孔板orifice变送器transmitter联锁interlock仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis自动分析automatic analysis气体分析gas analysis化学分析chemical analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis 5.8.4 电气危险区划分hazardous area classification 危险区平面图hazardous area plan电气盘electrical panel配电盘switch board电缆沟cable trench电流current直流direct current交流alternating current频率frequency相位phase功率因数power factor电压voltage电阻resistance电容capacitance静电static electricity接地grounding; easthing照明lighting; illumination避雷针lightning preventer电话telephone电线wire接线箱（盒）junction box导线管conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座fixed saddle滑动鞍座sliding saddle管口nozzle人孔manhole (MH)手孔handhole (HH)检查孔inspection hole吊柱davit切线tangent line焊接线weldingiine件号part humbet椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head加强圈reinforcing ring接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug气缸cylinder轴shaft轴承bearing附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水raw water硬水hard water软水soft water饮用水potable water循环冷却水给水cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水cooling water return 脱盐水demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water生活污水sanitary sewer工业废水industrial waste water雨水rain water污染雨水contaminated rain water消防水fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置softener沉淀器settler沉淀池clarifier脱盐装置demineralizer水处理water traatment冷却塔cooling tower中和池neutralization tank化粪池septic tank渗滤井soak-away pit井well阀井valve pit清扫口clean out（3）消防消火栓hydrant水炮water monitor洒水器sprinkler水喷淋watering灭火器fire extinguisher消防水泵fire pump消防车fire fighting truck泡沫消防foam fire-fighting泡沫栓foam hydrant泡沫炮foam monitor消防软管接头fire hose connection6 管道支吊架Pipe Supports and Hangers 6.1 管架零部件Attachment of Support 管托shoe管卡clampU形夹（卡）clevis锻制U形夹forged steel clevis支耳；吊耳lug; ear耳轴trunnion止动挡块shear lug托座stool托架cradle带状卡strap clamp夹板，导向板cleat可调夹板adjustable cleat角板；连接板gusset筋；肋rib支承环ring加强板stiffiener底板base plate顶板top plate翅片式导向板fin预埋件embedded part; inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用）shim锚固件；生根件clip预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate连接板tie plate连接杆tie rod限制杆limit rod带环头拉杆eye rod。

工艺流程连续过程continuous process 间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶solidification包装package升华sublimation 燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent（a) 无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless（a)透明的transparent（a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere（environment）爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature（pressure）相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral）pump 潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air—lift—pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配(布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer 降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶（底）层塔盘top (bottom）tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas—holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate—and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine管道工程piping engineering1 阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level （handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve 节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀（角式截止阀）angle valveY型阀（截止阀）Y-valve（Y-body globe valve）球阀ball valve三通球阀3—way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc （eccentric）butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non—return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three—way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety［SV］安全泄放阀relief valve［RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid （operated）valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor）operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) （automatic）air vent valve换向阀diverting （reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀block （shut-off，stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管）tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C。