英语中的therebe句型

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英语中的therebe句型

There be 句型是英语中常用句型, 意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”,它通常用来在谈话中第一次谈论某事,其中的 there 没有什么意思。

一、肯定形式

1、一般情况下,there is 用于单数,there are 用于复数,例如:

There is one table in the classroom.

教室里有一张桌子。

There are three chairs in the classroom.

教室里有三把椅子。

There is a spider in the bath.

浴缸里有只蜘蛛。

There are many people at the bus stop.

公共汽车站有很多人。

There was a war on at the time. 当时正值战争。

There were more than 50 people on stage in one scene. 有一场戏中舞台上的人有50多个。

2、there is 还用于不可数名词,例如:

There is milk in the fridge.冰箱里有牛奶。

There is some sugar on the table.桌子上有一些糖。

There is ice cream on your shirt.你衬衫上有冰淇淋。

3、在口语或一些非正式的写作中,there is 也可以用于复数,不过这种用法在正式写作或是考试中被认为是错误的,例如:

There’s three other people who are still to come.还有三个人要来。

There’s lots of cars in the car park.停车场里有很多车。

二、缩写形式

1、there is 的缩写形式是 there's,例如:

There's a good song on the radio.收音机里有一首好歌。

There's only one chocolate left in the box.盒子里只剩下一块巧克力了。

2、通常查阅很多在线字典包括剑桥、牛津和柯林,你会发现找不到 there are 的缩写形式,所以 there are 通常不缩写,例如:

There are nine cats on the roof.屋顶上有九只猫。

There are only five weeks until my birthday.离我生日只有五个星期了。

三、否定形式

there be 句型的否定形式是在 be 动词后面加 not,例如:

There is not a horse in the field.田野里没有一匹马。

There is not a tree in the garden.花园里没有一棵树。

There are not eight children in the school.学校里没有八个孩子。

There are not two elephants in the zoo.动物园里没有两只大象。

注意:在口语中经常用缩略形式,例如:

there is not = there isn't

there are not = there aren't四、there be 与 any

1、当想指出某事物(可数名词)存在的数量为零,用 there

aren't any,例如:

There aren't any people at the party.聚会上没有人。

There aren't any trees in my street.我的街道上没有树。

2、当用于不可数名词时,通常用 there isn't any,例如:

There isn't any water in the swimming pool.游泳池里没有水。

There isn't any sugar in my coffee.我的咖啡里没有糖。

五、一般疑问句及回答 把 be 动词提到 there 之前就形成一般疑问句,回答时用简单答语,其中涉及到对复数名词或是不可数名词的一般疑问句用 any,例如:

Is there a dog in the supermarket? 超市里有只狗吗?No, there

isn't.不,没有。

Are there any dogs in the park? 公园里有狗吗?Yes, there are.是的,有。

Is there a security guard in the shop?商店里有保安吗?Yes,

there is.是的,有。

Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? 南极洲有北极熊吗?No, there aren't.不,没有。

Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? 冰箱里有冰淇淋吗?Yes,

there is.是的,有。六、特殊疑问句

1、对可数名词提问的格式:How many + 名词的复数形式 +

are there + (补语),例如:

There are twelve months in a year.一年有十二个月。

提问:How many months are there in a year?一年有几个月?

There is only one book in my bag.我书包里只有一本书。

提问:How many books are there in your bag?你的书包里有多少本书?

2、对不可数名词提问的格式:How much + 不可数名词 + are

there + (补语),例如:

There is some money in my purse.我的钱包里有一些钱。

提问:How much money is there in your purse?你钱包里有多少钱?

七、there be 主谓一致原则

1、当 there 作主语且 be 动词后面只有一个名词时,be 动词必须与其后面的名词保持主谓一致,例如:

There is a book on the table.桌子上有一本书。 There are five books on the table.桌子上有五本书。

2、当 be 动词后面的名词不止一个时,be 动词与最近的名词保持主谓一致

a. 第一个名词是单数可数或是不可数名词,谓语用单数,例如:

There is a cat and a dog on my bed.我的床上有一只猫和一只狗。

There is a fork, a knife, and a spoon in front of me.我面前有一把叉子、一把刀和一把勺子。

There is a pillow, sheets, and two blankets on my bed.我的床上有一个枕头、床单和两条毯子。

There is cream and sugar on the table.桌子上有奶油和糖。

There is juice, milk, and soft drinks in the fridge.冰箱里有果汁、牛奶和软饮料。

There is a lot of dirt and pebbles on my son’s clothes.我儿子的衣服上有很多泥土和鹅卵石。解析:在表示数量时,a lot of 既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;dirt 是不可数名词,所以谓语用单数。

b、第一个名词是复数时,谓语用复数,例如:

There are flowers and herbs in my mom’s garden.我妈妈的花园里有花草。

There are cookies and a sandwich in my lunch bag.我的午餐袋里有饼干和三明治。

There are three pens, a pencil, and two erasers in that desk

drawer.书桌抽屉里有三支钢笔、一支铅笔和两块橡皮。

There are chips and popcorn at the party.聚会上有薯条和爆米花。

There are many types of music and food at this event.这次活动有很多种音乐和食物。

There are a lot of pebbles and dirt on my son’s clothes.我儿子的衣服上有很多鹅卵石和泥土。

c、如果名词是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数 be 形式,如:

There is five hundred dollars to pay.有五百美元要付。

There is still another 20 miles to drive.还要开20英里。

There is duck and green vegetables for supper.晚饭有鸭子和青菜。

八、冠词的使用

在指示单数可数名词的时候,经常在名词之前加不定冠词 a/an,而不用定冠词 the,却通常在补语(通常是介词短语)中用定冠词 the,例如:

There is a bird and a squirrel in the tree.树上有一只鸟和一只松鼠。

There is a piano and two guitars on the stage.舞台上有一架钢琴和两把吉他。其实 there be 本来指出的就是某处有某物或某人,所以通常在介词短语中用定冠词 the.

九、there be 句型中的两个 there

there be 句型可能存在两个 there,第一个 there 作主语,没有任何意思,而第二个 there 指的的位置,相比于 here,通常是比较远的,例如:

There is a gas station and a grocery store over there.那边有一个加油站和一个杂货店。

You mean the parking lot behind the school? There is a car

and three trucks there.你是说学校后面的停车场?那里有一辆小汽车和三辆卡车。

十、there be 可以用于任何时态,例如:

There must be a pen in the box.盒子里一定有支笔。

There was a business conference and a wedding going on at