颅脑创伤研究现状与展望
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:3.51 MB
- 文档页数:23


万方数据2农业工程学报2005年
alMechanizationin2004,governmentsatalllevelssteppeduptheirinputsforagriculture,bringingagoodmomentumtothedevelopmentofagri—-mecha--nization.Tobeginwiththenumberofmajoragricul—turalmachinesandequipmenthasincreaseddramati—cally.Bytheendof2004,largeandmedium—leveltractorsnationwidereached1.116million,upby14.7%overthepreviousyear;combinesreached407000,upby12.3%.Then,theapplicationlevelofagri—machinehasimprovedmarkedly,withthenation—widemechanicalfarming,sowingandharvestingreaching51.5%,28.8%and20.3%respectively,upby4%,2%and1.3%respectivelyoverthepreviousyear.Finally,newmechanizationprogresshasbeenmadeinthekeystepofriceproduction.Additional14500riceplanterswereputintouse,settinganewhistoryrecord.Themechanizationlevelofriceplant—ingandharvestinghasalsorisenby12%and25%,respectively,overthepreviousyear.In2004,theto—talindustrialoutputofagri—machinenationwidescored90billionyuan,whilesalesamountreached86billionyuan,increasingby22%and26%,respectively,overthepreviousyear.Thesalesrevenuetotaled2.3billionyuan,upby33%overthepreviousyear.Suchastrongmomentuminbothproductionandsaleswasrarelyseenformanyyears[2].In2005,Chinesegovernmentfurtherincreasedfinancialsupportforagri—machinerypurchase.Thecentralfinanceallocated300millionyuantosubsidizeagri—machinerypurchase,triplingthetotalamountofthepreviousyear.Thelocalallocationtotaledaround800millionyuan,doublingthatoflastyear.Keysubsidyrecipientswerelargegrainproducers,agri—machineryownersandmachineoperationcooperationentitiestofosterthemajorplayersofagri-mechaniza—tionandtostimulateinnovationinagro—machinerydevelopment.Asforthetypesofsubsidizedmachine,18typesin6categorieswerehighlightedinthecentralallocation,namelylargeandmedium—sizetractors,plowingmachines,plantingmachines,plantprotec—tionmachines,harvestingmachines,andgraindry—ersE引.Emphasishasbeenplaced012theentiremecha—nizationofmaingrainproductionandreliable,applica—bteandadvancedmachineswhichareenvironment—friendlyandwater,fertilizer,seed,andpetroleumefficient,inordertoconstantlyimprovethelevelofmechanizationofgrainproduction,enhancethecomprehensiveagriculturalproductivityandpromotestableincreaseofgrainoutput.1.2ProblemsStudiesshowthatthecontributionratioofagricul—turalmechanizationtoagriculturalgrowthinChinaisonly20%.In2004,thecomprehensiveagriculturalmechanizationlevelwasmerelyabout30%.There—fore,Chineseagriculturalmechanizationisstilllinger—ingatalowlevel.Despitethattheratioofwheatsow—ingandharvestingbymachinereached820,4and77%,respectively,theratesofmechanicalriceplantingandcornharvestingwereonly10%and5%respectively,farbehindthoseinthedevelopedcountries.Besides,Chineseagriculturalmachineryisalsofeaturedby"threemanyandthreefew”,namelymanysmall—sizemachinesbutfewlargeones,manypowermachinesbutfewsupportiveutensils,manygenericmachinesbutfewhigh—performancemachines[2’3|.1.3DevelopmentprioritiesThankstotheenactmentofChineseLawonPro—motingAgriculturalMechanizationandtheunveilingofthenationalpolicyonagri—machinerysubsidy,thedemandsforagri—machineryhasexperiencedanunprecedentedgrowth.Bytheyear2020,Chinawillbeabletoprovidecompletesetsofequipmentandtechnologyforthewholefarmingprocessandrealizetechnologicalupgrading,acceleratethedevelopmentoffeatureagri—machineryandequipmentwhichareinlinewithagriculturalrestructuringandsustainableagricul—ture,improvetheextensionandapplicationoftechnol—ogytosuchlevelasinthedevelopedcountriesinmid一1980s,andpushresearchanddevelopmentleveltothecurrentachievementofthedevelopedcountries.Inthefollowing20years,effortsshouldbemadetoletagri—machinerymorewidelyapplied,systemized,moreintelligent,andenergysaving.Theagri—-machinerysafeguardstrategyforadvanta--geousfarmingisorientedtothefollowingaspects,suchastheentiremechanizationofriceproductionincludingseedlingfostering,planting,growing,andharvesting,cornharvestingmachine,potatoharvest—ingmachine,andthegrowth,managementandharvestingofadvantageouscashcrops(cotton,rootandtubercrops。oilplants,sugarcrops,etc.).Themajoragri—machinerypromotionstrategyforemergingindustriesisorientedtothefeatureagri—machinery,grasslandmachinery,animalhusbandrymachinery,andmachineryforlocalfarmproduceprocessing,etc.Themajoragri—machinerydevelopmentstrategyforsustainableagricultureisorientedtotheprotectedfarmingtechnologyandequipment,water—savingfacil—itiesandequipment,environment—friendlyfertilizingequipment,new—typeequipmentforbasicfarmlanddevelopment,andcomprehensivehandlerofcastoffs
我国创伤骨科现状与展望
第四军医大学西京骨科医院 裴国献
创伤骨科学是随着医学科学技术的不断发展而从骨科学衍生出的一个重要学科分支。自20世纪末以来得到了快速的发展,与脊柱外科、关节外科一起同为骨科学三大主干学科。随着全球经济的不断发展、人类交际及流动范围的迅速扩大、延伸与频繁,伴之交通手段的快速发展,则创伤的发生率、特别是高能量创伤亦呈逐年增高趋势,因而创伤被国际上誉为“发达社会病”而跃居全球三大死因之一。对此,与之紧密关联的客观现实促进了创伤骨科学的迅速发展,亦同时对创伤骨科的基础与临床则不断提出了更高的要求及新的挑战。本文就我国创伤骨科的基础与临床现状作一归总分析,并对其发展对策作一刍议,旨在与创伤骨科同仁共勉,瞄准国际学科前沿,共同提升我国创伤骨科的技术水平。
1.骨科创伤基础研究已具一定深度
我国学者近年来在骨科基础研究方面主要开展了骨创伤修复材料、骨折愈合机制及促进骨折愈合、骨创伤生物力学、脊髓损伤的基因、干细胞及生长因子的治疗等,取得了长足的进步,促进了临床工作的开展[1]。在组织工程骨、软骨、血管、神经及肌腱的构建研究方面进展较快,成效显著,部分组织工程构建的组织已进入临床前期研究阶段,其中组织工程骨、软骨已初步试用于临床。组织工程研究工作在国际上处于先进水平,某些研究处于国际领先地位。在创伤骨科临床研究方面紧密结合临床实际,开展了系列设备、器械的革新及临床新业务、新技术的实施。同时近几年各个亚专科相继制定推出了相关疾病、创伤的分类标准、治疗方案及临床评价标准,进一步规范了临床诊疗及评估工作,缩短了与国际上的这一差距,有力推动了临床诊断治疗水平的提高。
目前我国骨科的基础研究与国外发达国家相比仍较为薄弱,对此分析究其原因应与下列因素有关:①基础研究相对起步较晚;②对基础研究工作重视程度不够;③研究经费欠充足;④专职骨科基础研究人员为数不多,基础研究大多为在校研究生课题,缺乏连续性、深入性,难以形成前沿性、高深度的原创性研究工作。中华医学会骨科学分会基础学组的成立及不定期专题学术会议的召开,将会对改善我国骨科基础研究现状、提升基础研究水平起到积极的推动作用。 2.CT三维重建影像技术已引起临床的关注
中国康复理论与实践2008年第14卷第2期Chin J Rehabil Theory Prac , . ! 1. ! .
创伤性颅脑损伤国内研究进展
张小年,张皓 ・ 101 ・
・专题・
[摘要]创伤性颅脑损伤已成为发达国家青少年伤病致死的首位病因;我国的颅脑伤发生率和因颅脑伤致残、致死的伤员也 逐年增加。近1O年来,我国有条件的神经科开始逐渐重视颅脑外伤的基础研究和临床防治应用研究,并取得一定进展,但仍存在 一些问题和不足,特别是实验研究条件与国际先进水平仍有较大差距。本文作者系统回顾了近年来国内有关创伤性颅脑损伤的最 新研究进展,主要是外伤后的并发症、康复治疗,以及预后的研究进展,也包括基础的病理机制、动物模型,以及神经保护和修复再 生技术的相关研究进展,并对比了国内外研究方向和研究水平的差异。 [关键词]创伤性颅脑损伤;康复;综述
Recent Developments of Studies on Traumatic Brain Injury in China(review) ZHANG Xiao—nian,ZHANG Hao.The Department of Neurorehabilitation,China RP^a6 Z a 0 Research Center,Beijing Charity Hospital,Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine,Bei Jing 100068,C^ina Abstract:In developed countries,traumatic brain injury(TBI)has been the first cause of disability and mortality in adolescents, and in China,the incidence of TBI and the amount of disable or died patients after TBI increased with years.During the past dec— ades.much more emphasis were paid on fundamental and clinical researches on TBI in China.and much developments have been made.But there are a lot of problems and shortness in these researches and clinical treatments of TBI,especially the conditions of re— search get behind of advanced world levels.In this review,the recent developments of studies on TB1 were summarized,mainly the researches of complications,rehabilitation and outcome after TBI,also including the researches of fundamental pathological mecha— nism,animal pattern,neural protect and reparative regeneration technique of TBI,as well as the difference of trend and level be— tween researches in China and foreign countries. Key words:traumatic brain inj ury;rehabilitation;review [中图分类号]R651.1 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1006—9771(2008)02—0101-04 [本文著录格式]张小年,张皓.创伤性颅脑损伤国内研究进展EJ].中国康复理论与实践,2008,14(2):i01—1O4.
创伤外科杂志2013年第l5卷第6期J Trauma Surg,2013,Vo1.15,No.6
・讲 座・
文章编号:1009—4237(2013)06—0569—03 ・569・
耳鼻咽喉头颈战创伤研究现状及数字化救治展望
陈继川
【摘要】耳鼻咽喉头颈位于浅表处,解剖位置特殊,防护薄弱,无论平时战时,易受创伤,遭受创伤后,
不仅对生理功能产生破坏,威胁生命,且常因头面部形貌的损毁而导致社会心理障碍。耳鼻咽喉头颈部战
创伤根据各种因素不同,其临床表现各异,但具有疼痛、出血、功能障碍等共同点,而根据现代战伤救治工作
的特点和研究方向,应用数字化高新技术来加强对耳鼻咽喉头颈部创伤救治方法和策略的研究正是这一领
域的发展方向。 【关键词】耳鼻咽喉头颈外科;战创伤;救治;数字化
【中图分类号】R 828.6 【文献标识码】A
Research status of Otolaryng0logy head and neck trauma
and the expectation of digital treatment
CHEN Ji—chuan
(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Institute of Surgery Research,Daping Hospital,
Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China) 【Abstract】 Because of the special anatomical and physiological characteristics,otolaryngology head and neck
trauma is frequently f0und in multiply injured patients.Otolaryngology head and neck trauma may cause permanent