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路由篇目录目录第3章 IS-IS故障处理 .............................................................................................................. 3-13.1 IS-IS简介........................................................................................................................... 3-13.1.1 IS-IS基本概念 ......................................................................................................... 3-13.1.2 IS-IS对IPv6的支持 ................................................................................................ 3-43.1.3 VRP支持的IS-IS特性 ............................................................................................ 3-53.2 IS-IS邻居不能正常建立故障处理....................................................................................... 3-73.2.1 典型组网环境........................................................................................................... 3-83.2.2 配置注意事项........................................................................................................... 3-83.2.3 故障诊断流程........................................................................................................... 3-93.2.4 故障处理步骤......................................................................................................... 3-103.3 IS-IS路由表故障处理....................................................................................................... 3-123.3.1 典型组网环境......................................................................................................... 3-123.3.2 配置注意事项......................................................................................................... 3-123.3.3 故障诊断流程......................................................................................................... 3-133.3.4 故障处理步骤......................................................................................................... 3-133.4 IS-IS接口故障处理 .......................................................................................................... 3-143.4.1 典型组网环境......................................................................................................... 3-143.4.2 配置注意事项......................................................................................................... 3-153.4.3 故障诊断流程......................................................................................................... 3-153.4.4 故障处理步骤......................................................................................................... 3-153.5 FAQ .................................................................................................................................. 3-163.6 故障诊断工具 ................................................................................................................... 3-183.6.1 display命令 ........................................................................................................... 3-183.6.2 debugging命令 ..................................................................................................... 3-19第3章 IS-IS故障处理本章包含以下内容：●IS-IS简介介绍了进行IS-IS故障处理时用户所需的知识要点。
VRRP 配置1.1 VRRP 简介VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，虚拟路由冗余协议）是一种容错协议。
如下图所示，通常一个网络内的所有主机都设置一条缺省路由（图中的缺省路由下一跳地址为10.100.10.1），主机发往外部网络的报文将通过缺省路由发往三层交换机Switch，从而实现了主机与外部网络的通信。
当交换机Switch 发生故障时，本网段内所有以Switch 为缺省路由下一跳的主机将断掉与外部的通信。
图1-1 局域网组网方案VRRP 就是为解决上述问题而提出的，它为具有多播或广播能力的局域网（如以太网）设计。
VRRP 将局域网的一组交换机（包括一个Master 即主交换机和若干个Backup 即备份交换机）组织成一个虚拟路由器，这组交换机被称为一个备份组。
虚拟的交换机拥有自己的IP 地址10.100.10.1（这个IP 地址可以和备份组内的某个交换机的接口地址相同）和专用的MAC地址，备份组内的交换机也有自己的IP 地址（如Master 的IP地址为10.100.10.2，Backup 的IP 地址为10.100.10.3）。
局域网内的主机仅仅知道这个虚拟路由器的IP 地址10.100.10.1（通常被称为备份组的虚拟IP 地址），而不知道具体的Master 交换机的IP 地址10.100.10.2 以及Backup 交换机的IP 地址10.100.10.3。
局域网内的主机将自己的缺省路由下一跳设置为该虚拟路由器的IP地址10.100.10.1。
于是，网络内的主机就通过这个虚拟的交换机与其它网络进行通信。
在正常情况下，Master对虚拟地址ARP请求进行应答，当备份组内的Master 交换机不能正常工作时，备份组内的其它Backup 交换机将接替不能正常工作的Master 交换机成为新的Master 交换机，继续向网络内的主机提供路由服务，同时保持虚拟地址的ARP条目不变，从而实现网络内的主机不间断地与外部网络进行通信。
VRP3.4 操作手册（附录）目录目录附录 A 缩略语表.....................................................................................................................A-1附录 A 缩略语表A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z缩略语英语解释中文解释AAAA Authentication, Authorization andAccounting验证、授权和计费，提供了一个用来对认证、授权和计费这三种安全功能进行配置的一致性框架，它是对网络安全的一种管理。
AAL ATMAdaptionLayer ATM适配层，是ATM定义的数种协议之一，它指定了在ATM网络上一个应用程序是怎样发送和接收信息的。
数据传送用AAL5。
ABR Area Border Router 区域边界路由器。
位于一个或多个OSPF区域的边界，将这些区域连接到OSPF的骨干区域（区域0），ABR既属于骨干区域，也属于它所连接的普通区域。
ACK Acknowledgement,Acknowledgment通信协议中的肯定应答ACL Access Control List 访问控制列表，ACL是由permit | deny语句组成的一系列有顺序的指令列表，在防火墙中，将ACL应用到路由器接口上，路由器根据ACL判断哪些数据包可以接收，哪些数据包需要拒绝。
在QoS中，ACL也用于流分类。
ADM ATM Direct Mapping ATM直接映射ADP ADSL over POTS POTS承载ADSLADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 非/不对称数字用户线（环）路ADSL-I ADSL over ISDN ISDN承载ADSLAF Assured-forwarding 确保转发AFI Address-FamilyIdentifier 地址族标识AH AuthenticationHeader 报文认证头协议，在传输模式和隧道模式下使用，为IP包提供数据完整性和验证服务。
第1章IPv4组播协议如果为无线产品，则本文所指的路由器代表了一般意义下的路由器或运行了路由协议的无线控制产品。
1.1 组播公用命令1.1.1 show ip mroute命令：show ip mroute [<GroupAddr> [<SourceAddr>]]功能：显示ipv4组播的软件转发表。
参数：GroupAddr: 显示跟此组播地址相关的转发表项。
SourceAddr：显示跟此源相关的转发表项。
缺省情况：无。
命令模式：特权模式和全局配置模式。
使用指南：举例：显示所有组播转发表。
Switch(config)#show ip mrouteName: Loopback, Index: 2002, State:49Name: null0, Index: 2003, State:49Name: sit0, Index: 2004, State:80Name: Vlan1, Index: 2005, State:1043Name: Vlan2, Index: 2006, State:1002Name: pimreg, Index: 2007, State:c1The total matched ipmr active mfc entries is 1, unresolved ipmr entries is 0Group Origin Iif Wrong Oif:TTL1.2 PIM-DM的配置命令1.2.1 debug pim timer sat命令：debug pim timer satno debug pim timer sat功能：打开显示PIM DM 源活动计时器详细信息的调试开关；本命令的no操作为关闭本调试开关。
参数：无。
缺省情况：关闭。
命令模式：特权用户配置模式。
使用指南：打开此开关，可以显示源活动计时器的详细信息。
举例：Switch # debug pim timer sat备注：PIM-DM中其他debug开关与PIM-SM通用，包括debug pim event，debug pim packet，debug pim nexthop，debug pim nsm，debug pim mfc，debug pim mib，debug pim timer，debug pim state，请参考PIM-SM手册部分1.2.2 debug pim timer srt命令：debug pim timer srtno debug pim timer srt功能：打开显示PIM DM状态更新计时器详细信息的调试开关；本命令的no操作为关闭本调试开关。
VRP3.4 命令手册（入门）目录目录第1章基本配置命令..............................................................................................................1-11.1 基本配置命令.....................................................................................................................1-11.1.1 clock datetime.........................................................................................................1-11.1.2 clock summer-time..................................................................................................1-11.1.3 clock timezone.........................................................................................................1-21.1.4 command-privilege..................................................................................................1-31.1.5 cpu-usage cycle......................................................................................................1-41.1.6 display log startup...................................................................................................1-51.1.7 display clipboard......................................................................................................1-51.1.8 display clock............................................................................................................1-61.1.9 display cpu-usage...................................................................................................1-61.1.10 display cpu-usage history......................................................................................1-81.1.11 display history-command......................................................................................1-91.1.12 display memory...................................................................................................1-101.1.13 display version.....................................................................................................1-101.1.14 header.................................................................................................................1-111.1.15 hotkey..................................................................................................................1-131.1.16 free unused porttag.............................................................................................1-151.1.17 language-mode...................................................................................................1-151.1.18 lock......................................................................................................................1-161.1.19 log startup............................................................................................................1-171.1.20 quit.......................................................................................................................1-171.1.21 return...................................................................................................................1-181.1.22 super...................................................................................................................1-181.1.23 super password...................................................................................................1-191.1.24 super authentication-mode..................................................................................1-201.1.25 authentication super hwtacacs-scheme..............................................................1-211.1.26 sysname..............................................................................................................1-211.1.27 system-view.........................................................................................................1-221.1.28 vrbd.....................................................................................................................1-231.2 命令行别名配置命令........................................................................................................1-231.2.1 command-alias enable..........................................................................................1-231.2.2 command-alias mapping.......................................................................................1-241.2.3 display command-alias..........................................................................................1-24第1章基本配置命令1.1 基本配置命令1.1.1 clock datetime【命令】clock datetime time date【视图】用户视图【参数】time：当前时钟，格式为HH:MM:SS，即时/分/秒，HH范围为0～23，MM和SS范围为0～59。
目录第1章组播公共配置命令.......................................................................................................1-11.1 组播公共配置命令..............................................................................................................1-11.1.1 debugging multicast forwarding..............................................................................1-11.1.2 debugging multicast kernel-routing.........................................................................1-11.1.3 debugging multicast status-forwarding...................................................................1-21.1.4 display multicast forwarding-table...........................................................................1-21.1.5 display multicast routing-table.................................................................................1-31.1.6 display multicast routing-table static.......................................................................1-51.1.7 display multicast rpf-info..........................................................................................1-51.1.8 mtracert...................................................................................................................1-61.1.9 multicast minimum-ttl..............................................................................................1-81.1.10 multicast packet-boundary....................................................................................1-81.1.11 multicast route-limit...............................................................................................1-91.1.12 multicast routing-enable......................................................................................1-101.1.13 reset multicast forwarding-table..........................................................................1-101.1.14 reset multicast routing-table................................................................................1-11第2章 IGMP配置命令............................................................................................................2-12.1 IGMP协议配置命令...........................................................................................................2-12.1.1 debugging igmp.......................................................................................................2-12.1.2 display igmp group..................................................................................................2-12.1.3 display igmp interface.............................................................................................2-22.1.4 display igmp local....................................................................................................2-32.1.5 igmp enable.............................................................................................................2-42.1.6 igmp group-limit.......................................................................................................2-52.1.7 igmp group-policy....................................................................................................2-52.1.8 igmp host-join..........................................................................................................2-62.1.9 igmp lastmember-queryinterval...............................................................................2-72.1.10 igmp max-response-time.......................................................................................2-82.1.11 igmp proxy.............................................................................................................2-82.1.12 igmp robust-count.................................................................................................2-92.1.13 igmp timer other-querier-present.........................................................................2-102.1.14 igmp timer query..................................................................................................2-112.1.15 igmp version........................................................................................................2-112.1.16 reset igmp group.................................................................................................2-12第3章 PIM协议配置命令.......................................................................................................3-13.1 PIM协议配置命令..............................................................................................................3-13.1.1 bsr-policy.................................................................................................................3-13.1.2 c-bsr........................................................................................................................3-23.1.3 c-rp..........................................................................................................................3-33.1.4 crp-policy.................................................................................................................3-43.1.5 debugging pim common..........................................................................................3-53.1.6 debugging pim dm...................................................................................................3-53.1.7 debugging pim sm...................................................................................................3-63.1.8 display pim bsr-info.................................................................................................3-73.1.9 display pim interface...............................................................................................3-83.1.10 display pim neighbor.............................................................................................3-83.1.11 display pim routing-table.......................................................................................3-93.1.12 display pim rp-info...............................................................................................3-103.1.13 pim.......................................................................................................................3-113.1.14 pim bsr-boundary................................................................................................3-113.1.15 pim dm.................................................................................................................3-123.1.16 pim neighbor-limit................................................................................................3-133.1.17 pim neighbor-policy.............................................................................................3-133.1.18 pim sm.................................................................................................................3-143.1.19 pim timer hello.....................................................................................................3-143.1.20 register-policy......................................................................................................3-153.1.21 reset pim neighbor..............................................................................................3-163.1.22 reset pim routing-table........................................................................................3-163.1.23 source-policy.......................................................................................................3-173.1.24 spt-switch-threshold............................................................................................3-183.1.25 static-rp................................................................................................................3-19第4章 MSDP配置命令..........................................................................................................4-14.1 MSDP协议配置命令..........................................................................................................4-14.1.1 cache-sa-enable......................................................................................................4-14.1.2 debugging msdp......................................................................................................4-14.1.3 display msdp brief...................................................................................................4-24.1.4 display msdp peer-status........................................................................................4-34.1.5 display msdp sa-cache............................................................................................4-44.1.6 display msdp sa-count............................................................................................4-44.1.7 import-source..........................................................................................................4-54.1.8 msdp........................................................................................................................4-64.1.9 msdp-tracert............................................................................................................4-64.1.10 originating-rp.........................................................................................................4-84.1.11 peer.......................................................................................................................4-94.1.12 peer description...................................................................................................4-104.1.13 peer mesh-group.................................................................................................4-104.1.14 peer minimum-ttl..................................................................................................4-114.1.15 peer request-sa-enable.......................................................................................4-124.1.16 peer sa-cache-maximum.....................................................................................4-124.1.17 peer sa-policy......................................................................................................4-134.1.18 peer sa-request-policy.........................................................................................4-144.1.19 reset msdp peer..................................................................................................4-154.1.20 reset msdp sa-cache...........................................................................................4-154.1.21 reset msdp statistics............................................................................................4-164.1.22 shutdown.............................................................................................................4-164.1.23 static-rpf-peer......................................................................................................4-174.1.24 timer retry............................................................................................................4-18第5章 MBGP组播扩展配置命令............................................................................................5-15.1 MBGP组播扩展配置命令...................................................................................................5-15.1.1 aggregate................................................................................................................5-15.1.2 debugging bgp mp-update......................................................................................5-25.1.3 display bgp multicast group.....................................................................................5-25.1.4 display bgp multicast peer.......................................................................................5-35.1.5 display bgp multicast network.................................................................................5-35.1.6 display bgp multicast routing...................................................................................5-35.1.7 display bgp multicast routing as-path-acl................................................................5-45.1.8 display bgp multicast routing cidr............................................................................5-45.1.9 display bgp multicast routing community................................................................5-55.1.10 display bgp multicast routing community-list.........................................................5-55.1.11 display bgp multicast routing different-origin-as....................................................5-65.1.12 display bgp multicast routing peer.........................................................................5-65.1.13 display bgp multicast routing regular-expression..................................................5-75.1.14 display bgp multicast routing statistic....................................................................5-75.1.15 import-route...........................................................................................................5-85.1.16 ipv4-family multicast..............................................................................................5-95.1.17 network..................................................................................................................5-95.1.18 peer advertise-community...................................................................................5-105.1.19 peer allow-as-loop...............................................................................................5-105.1.20 peer as-path-acl..................................................................................................5-115.1.21 peer enbale.........................................................................................................5-125.1.22 peer filter-policy...................................................................................................5-125.1.23 peer ip-prefix.......................................................................................................5-135.1.24 peer next-hop-local.............................................................................................5-145.1.25 peer public-as-only..............................................................................................5-155.1.26 peer reflect-client.................................................................................................5-155.1.27 peer route-policy.................................................................................................5-16第6章组播静态路由配置命令................................................................................................6-16.1 组播静态路由配置命令.......................................................................................................6-16.1.1 delete rpf-route-static all..........................................................................................6-16.1.2 display multicast routing-table static.......................................................................6-16.1.3 display multicast routing-table static config.............................................................6-26.1.4 ip rpf-longest-match................................................................................................6-36.1.5 ip rpf-route-static.....................................................................................................6-3第1章组播公共配置命令1.1 组播公共配置命令1.1.1 debugging multicast forwarding【命令】debugging multicast forwardingundo debugging multicast forwarding【视图】用户视图【参数】无【描述】命令debugging multicast forwarding用来打开组播报文转发调试信息开关，命令undo debugging multicast forwarding用来关闭组播报文转发调试信息开关。
目录第1章 IGMP配置命令............................................................................................................1-11.1 IGMP配置命令...................................................................................................................1-11.1.1 debugging igmp.......................................................................................................1-11.1.2 display igmp group..................................................................................................1-11.1.3 display igmp interface.............................................................................................1-21.1.4 igmp group-policy....................................................................................................1-31.1.5 igmp host-join..........................................................................................................1-41.1.6 igmp max-response-time.........................................................................................1-51.1.7 igmp timer querier-present......................................................................................1-61.1.8 igmp timer query......................................................................................................1-71.1.9 igmp version............................................................................................................1-71.1.10 multicast routing-enable........................................................................................1-8第2章 PIM-DM/SM协议配置命令..........................................................................................2-12.1 PIM-DM/SM协议配置命令.................................................................................................2-12.1.1 c-bsr........................................................................................................................2-12.1.2 c-rp..........................................................................................................................2-22.1.3 debugging multicast forwarding..............................................................................2-32.1.4 debugging multicast kernel-routing.........................................................................2-42.1.5 debugging pim common..........................................................................................2-42.1.6 debugging pim dm...................................................................................................2-52.1.7 debugging pim sm...................................................................................................2-62.1.8 display multicast forwarding-table...........................................................................2-72.1.9 display multicast routing-table.................................................................................2-82.1.10 display pim bsr-info...............................................................................................2-92.1.11 display pim interface...........................................................................................2-102.1.12 display pim neighbor...........................................................................................2-112.1.13 display pim routing-table.....................................................................................2-122.1.14 display pim rp-info...............................................................................................2-132.1.15 pim.......................................................................................................................2-142.1.16 pim bsr-boundary................................................................................................2-152.1.17 pim dm.................................................................................................................2-152.1.18 pim sm.................................................................................................................2-162.1.19 pim timer hello.....................................................................................................2-172.1.20 spt-switch-threshold............................................................................................2-18第1章 IGMP配置命令1.1 IGMP配置命令1.1.1 debugging igmp【命令】debugging igmp { all | event | host | packet | timer }【视图】所有视图【参数】all：表示打开所有IGMP调试信息开关。
目录第1章 IP路由协议概述..........................................................................................................1-11.1 IP路由和路由表介绍..........................................................................................................1-11.1.1 路由和路由段...........................................................................................................1-11.1.2 通过路由表进行选路................................................................................................1-11.2 路由管理策略.....................................................................................................................1-31.2.1 路由协议及其发现路由的优先级..............................................................................1-31.2.2 对负载分担与路由备份的支持.................................................................................1-41.2.3 路由协议之间的共享................................................................................................1-4第2章静态路由配置..............................................................................................................2-12.1 静态路由简介.....................................................................................................................2-12.1.1 静态路由..................................................................................................................2-12.1.2 缺省路由..................................................................................................................2-12.2 静态路由配置.....................................................................................................................2-22.2.1 配置静态路由...........................................................................................................2-22.2.2 配置缺省路由...........................................................................................................2-32.2.3 删除全部静态路由....................................................................................................2-32.3 路由表的显示和调试..........................................................................................................2-42.4 静态路由典型配置举例.......................................................................................................2-42.5 静态路由配置的故障诊断与排除........................................................................................2-6第3章 RIP配置......................................................................................................................3-13.1 RIP简介.............................................................................................................................3-13.1.1 RIP的工作机制........................................................................................................3-13.1.2 RIP的启动和运行过程.............................................................................................3-23.1.3 VRP支持的RIP特性..............................................................................................3-23.2 RIP配置.............................................................................................................................3-33.2.1 启动RIP..................................................................................................................3-43.2.2 在指定网段使能RIP................................................................................................3-43.2.3 配置水平分割...........................................................................................................3-53.2.4 配置附加路由权.......................................................................................................3-53.2.5 配置RIP的路由引入...............................................................................................3-63.2.6 配置RIP的路由过滤...............................................................................................3-63.2.7 禁止RIP接收主机路由............................................................................................3-73.2.8 配置RIP的路由聚合...............................................................................................3-83.2.9 配置RIP非直连邻居的路由交互.............................................................................3-83.2.10 配置RIP在接口间实现负载分担功能....................................................................3-93.2.11 配置RIP优先级...................................................................................................3-103.2.12 配置RIP定时器...................................................................................................3-103.2.13 配置RIP的零域检查...........................................................................................3-113.2.14 配置接口的RIP版本...........................................................................................3-113.2.15 配置RIP报文认证...............................................................................................3-123.2.16 配置接口的工作状态............................................................................................3-133.2.17 配置RIP多实例...................................................................................................3-133.3 RIP显示和调试................................................................................................................3-143.4 RIP典型配置举例.............................................................................................................3-143.4.1 配置指定接口的工作状态.......................................................................................3-143.4.2 调整RIP网络的收敛时间......................................................................................3-163.4.3 RIP非直连邻居的路由交互配置举例.....................................................................3-173.5 RIP故障诊断与排除.........................................................................................................3-19第4章 OSPF配置..................................................................................................................4-14.1 OSPF简介.........................................................................................................................4-14.1.1 OSPF概述...............................................................................................................4-14.1.2 OSPF的路由计算过程............................................................................................4-14.1.3 OSPF相关的基本概念............................................................................................4-24.1.4 OSPF的协议报文....................................................................................................4-44.1.5 OSPF的LSA类型..................................................................................................4-54.1.6 VRP支持的OSPF特性...........................................................................................4-64.2 OSPF的配置......................................................................................................................4-74.2.1 配置Router ID.........................................................................................................4-84.2.2 启动OSPF..............................................................................................................4-94.2.3 进入OSPF区域视图...............................................................................................4-94.2.4 在指定网段使能OSPF..........................................................................................4-104.2.5 配置OSPF虚连接.................................................................................................4-104.2.6 配置OSPF网络类型.............................................................................................4-114.2.7 配置邻接点............................................................................................................4-124.2.8 配置OSPF的路由引入..........................................................................................4-124.2.9 在OSPF中生成缺省路由......................................................................................4-144.2.10 配置OSPF的路由过滤........................................................................................4-154.2.11 配置OSPF的路由聚合........................................................................................4-164.2.12 配置OSPF优先级...............................................................................................4-174.2.13 配置OSPF定时器...............................................................................................4-184.2.14 配置选举DR时的优先级.....................................................................................4-194.2.15 配置接口发送报文的开销.....................................................................................4-204.2.16 配置OSPF的SPF计算间隔...............................................................................4-214.2.17 配置发送链路状态更新报文所需时间..................................................................4-214.2.18 配置接口发送DD报文时是否填MTU值.............................................................4-214.2.19 配置OSPF认证..................................................................................................4-224.2.20 配置接口的工作状态............................................................................................4-234.2.21 配置OSPF的STUB区域...................................................................................4-234.2.22 配置OSPF的NSSA区域...................................................................................4-244.2.23 使能OSPF的Opaque能力................................................................................4-264.2.24 配置OSPF与网管系统的配合.............................................................................4-264.2.25 重启OSPF..........................................................................................................4-274.3 OSPF显示和调试............................................................................................................4-284.4 OSPF典型配置举例.........................................................................................................4-294.4.1 OSPF典型配置举例..............................................................................................4-294.4.2 配置OSPF多进程.................................................................................................4-304.4.3 配置OSPF优先级的“DR”选择.........................................................................4-324.4.4 配置OSPF虚链路.................................................................................................4-344.4.5 配置OSPF邻居认证.............................................................................................4-354.4.6 配置OSPF的STUB区.........................................................................................4-374.5 OSPF故障诊断与排除.....................................................................................................4-38第5章集成化IS-IS配置........................................................................................................5-15.1 集成化IS-IS简介...............................................................................................................5-15.1.1 IS-IS路由协议的一些概念.......................................................................................5-15.1.2 IS-IS路由协议的两级结构.......................................................................................5-25.1.3 IS-IS路由协议的地址结构.......................................................................................5-45.1.4 IS-IS路由协议使用的报文.......................................................................................5-55.2 集成化IS-IS配置...............................................................................................................5-65.2.1 使能IS-IS................................................................................................................5-75.2.2 配置网络实体名称....................................................................................................5-75.2.3 在指定接口上使能IS-IS...........................................................................................5-85.2.4 配置ISIS的Hello报文是否填充.............................................................................5-85.2.5 配置IS-IS报文中路由权值的类型...........................................................................5-85.2.6 配置IS-IS链路状态路由权......................................................................................5-95.2.7 配置IS-IS协议的定时器..........................................................................................5-95.2.8 配置路由器的优先级..............................................................................................5-115.2.9 配置接口电路类型..................................................................................................5-115.2.10 配置接口的认证密码............................................................................................5-125.2.11 配置接口的mesh group......................................................................................5-125.2.12 配置路由器的类型...............................................................................................5-135.2.13 配置生成缺省路由...............................................................................................5-135.2.14 配置IS-IS认证密码.............................................................................................5-145.2.15 配置聚合路由.......................................................................................................5-145.2.16 配置过载标志位...................................................................................................5-155.2.17 配置忽略LSP的校验和校验错误........................................................................5-155.2.18 配置邻接状态输出开关........................................................................................5-155.2.19 配置LSP刷新周期..............................................................................................5-165.2.20 配置LSP有效时间..............................................................................................5-165.2.21 配置SPF计算间隔..............................................................................................5-175.2.22 配置SPF分段计算..............................................................................................5-175.2.23 配置SPF主动释放CPU.....................................................................................5-175.2.24 配置是否允许接口发送报文.................................................................................5-185.2.25 配置IS-IS引入其它协议的路由...........................................................................5-185.2.26 配置IS-IS路由过滤.............................................................................................5-195.2.27 配置IS-IS协议的优先级......................................................................................5-195.2.28 配置IS-IS路由渗透.............................................................................................5-205.2.29 清除IS-IS数据结构.............................................................................................5-205.2.30 清除IS-IS特定邻居.............................................................................................5-205.3 集成化IS-IS显示和调试..................................................................................................5-215.4 集成化IS-IS典型配置举例...............................................................................................5-21第6章 BGP配置....................................................................................................................6-16.1 BGP简介...........................................................................................................................6-16.2 BGP的配置........................................................................................................................6-26.2.1 启动BGP.................................................................................................................6-36.2.2 指定BGP要通告的网络路由...................................................................................6-36.2.3 配置BGP对等体组.................................................................................................6-46.2.4 配置BGP对等体/对等体组的路由过滤...................................................................6-96.2.5 配置取消IGP和IBGP路由同步............................................................................6-106.2.6 配置BGP定时器...................................................................................................6-106.2.7 配置本地优先级.....................................................................................................6-116.2.8 配置自治系统的MED值........................................................................................6-116.2.9 比较来自不同AS邻居路径的MED值...................................................................6-126.2.10 配置BGP团体属性.............................................................................................6-126.2.11 配置BGP路由聚合.............................................................................................6-136.2.12 配置BGP协议的优先级......................................................................................6-146.2.13 配置BGP路由反射器..........................................................................................6-146.2.14 配置BGP自治系统联盟属性...............................................................................6-166.2.15 配置BGP路由衰减.............................................................................................6-176.2.16 配置BGP与IGP的交互.....................................................................................6-186.2.17 配置本地AS号的重复次数..................................................................................6-196.2.18 定义访问控制列表、AS路径列表和Route-policy...............................................6-196.2.19 配置BGP路由过滤.............................................................................................6-206.2.20 复位BGP连接.....................................................................................................6-216.3 BGP显示和调试...............................................................................................................6-216.4 BGP典型配置举例...........................................................................................................6-236.4.1 配置自治系统联盟属性..........................................................................................6-236.4.2 配置BGP路由反射器............................................................................................6-256.5 BGP故障诊断与排除.......................................................................................................6-276.6 MBGP简介......................................................................................................................6-286.6.1 MBGP概述............................................................................................................6-286.6.2 MBGP的扩展属性.................................................................................................6-286.6.3 路由器的MBGP应用............................................................................................6-286.7 MBGP配置......................................................................................................................6-296.7.1 配置地址族............................................................................................................6-296.7.2 激活对等体/对等体组.............................................................................................6-306.8 MBGP的显示和调试........................................................................................................6-306.9 MBGP典型配置举例........................................................................................................6-306.9.1 配置MBGP路由反射器.........................................................................................6-30第7章 IP路由策略配置..........................................................................................................7-17.1 IP路由策略简介.................................................................................................................7-17.2 IP路由策略配置.................................................................................................................7-27.2.1 配置路由过滤...........................................................................................................7-37.2.2 通过Route-policy实现路由策略..............................................................................7-67.3 IP路由策略显示和调试......................................................................................................7-97.4 路由策略典型配置举例.....................................................................................................7-107.4.1 配置引入其它协议的路由信息...............................................................................7-107.4.2 配置RIP过滤发布的路由信息...............................................................................7-117.4.3 配置OSPF过滤接收的路由信息...........................................................................7-117.4.4 通过配置BGP的cost属性来选择路径.................................................................7-137.4.5 基于BGP next-hop/as-path/origin/ local-preference属性的路由策略配置举例....7-167.4.6 基于BGP团体属性的路由策略配置举例...............................................................7-207.5 路由策略故障诊断与排错.................................................................................................7-22第8章路由容量配置..............................................................................................................8-18.1 路由容量配置简介..............................................................................................................8-18.1.1 概述.........................................................................................................................8-18.1.2 路由器实现的路由容量限制.....................................................................................8-18.2 路由容量配置.....................................................................................................................8-18.2.1 配置路由器内存的下限与安全值..............................................................................8-28.2.2 禁止路由器自动恢复断开的路由协议.......................................................................8-28.2.3 使能路由器自动恢复断开的路由协议.......................................................................8-38.3 路由容量显示和调试..........................................................................................................8-3第1章 IP路由协议概述1.1 IP路由和路由表介绍1.1.1 路由和路由段在因特网中进行路由选择要使用路由器，路由器根据所收到的报文的目的地址选择一条合适的路由（通过某一网络），将报文传送到下一个路由器，路由中最后的路由器负责将报文送交目的主机。
目录第7章 ACL配置.....................................................................................................................7-17.1 访问控制列表简介..............................................................................................................7-17.1.1 访问控制列表概述....................................................................................................7-17.1.2 访问控制列表的分类................................................................................................7-27.1.3 访问控制列表的匹配顺序.........................................................................................7-27.1.4 访问控制列表的步长设定.........................................................................................7-37.1.5 基本访问控制列表....................................................................................................7-47.1.6 高级访问控制列表....................................................................................................7-47.1.7 基于接口的访问控制列表.........................................................................................7-87.1.8 ACL对分片报文的支持............................................................................................7-97.1.9 ACL生效时间段.......................................................................................................7-97.2 配置访问控制列表............................................................................................................7-107.2.1 建立配置访问控制列表的任务...............................................................................7-107.2.2 创建ACL生效时间段............................................................................................7-117.2.3 配置ACL描述信息................................................................................................7-117.2.4 配置基本访问控制列表..........................................................................................7-117.2.5 配置高级访问控制列表..........................................................................................7-117.2.6 配置基于接口的访问控制列表...............................................................................7-127.2.7 配置ACL的步长....................................................................................................7-127.2.8 检查配置结果.........................................................................................................7-137.3 维护访问控制列表............................................................................................................7-137.4 配置举例...........................................................................................................................7-13第7章 ACL配置ACL（Access Control List）用于过滤数据包。
目录第1章 IP组播简介..................................................................................................................1-11.1 IP组播概述.........................................................................................................................1-11.2 组播地址.............................................................................................................................1-21.2.1 IP组播地址...............................................................................................................1-21.2.2 以太网组播MAC地址...............................................................................................1-31.3 IP组播协议.........................................................................................................................1-41.3.1 因特网组管理协议....................................................................................................1-41.3.2 组播路由协议...........................................................................................................1-41.4 IP组播报文的转发..............................................................................................................1-61.5 组播的应用.........................................................................................................................1-6第2章组播公共配置..............................................................................................................2-12.1 组播公共配置简介..............................................................................................................2-12.2 组播公共配置.....................................................................................................................2-12.2.1 启动组播..................................................................................................................2-12.2.2 配置组播转发报文的最小TTL值...............................................................................2-22.2.3 配置组播转发边界....................................................................................................2-22.2.4 配置组播路由项数量限制.........................................................................................2-22.2.5 清除MFC转发项或其统计信息.................................................................................2-32.2.6 清除组播核心路由表中的路由项..............................................................................2-32.3 组播公共配置显示和调试...................................................................................................2-3第3章 IGMP配置...................................................................................................................3-13.1 IGMP简介...........................................................................................................................3-13.1.1 IGMP概述................................................................................................................3-13.1.2 IGMP Proxy简介......................................................................................................3-23.2 IGMP配置...........................................................................................................................3-33.2.1 启动组播..................................................................................................................3-43.2.2 在接口上使能IGMP.................................................................................................3-43.2.3 配置IGMP Proxy......................................................................................................3-43.2.4 配置路由器成为组成员............................................................................................3-53.2.5 控制对IP组播组的访问............................................................................................3-53.2.6 配置IGMP查询报文间隔..........................................................................................3-63.2.7 配置IGMP版本.........................................................................................................3-63.2.8 配置IGMP查询器存在时间.......................................................................................3-63.2.9 配置IGMP最大查询响应时间...................................................................................3-73.2.10 配置接口上加入IGMP组的数量限制......................................................................3-73.2.11 发送IGMP指定组查询报文的时间间隔..................................................................3-83.2.12 发送IGMP指定组查询报文的次数..........................................................................3-83.2.13 删除接口上已加入的IGMP组.................................................................................3-93.3 IGMP显示和调试................................................................................................................3-93.4 IGMP典型配置举例............................................................................................................3-9第4章 PIM配置......................................................................................................................4-14.1 PIM协议简介......................................................................................................................4-14.1.1 PIM-DM...................................................................................................................4-14.1.2 PIM-SM...................................................................................................................4-24.2 PIM-DM配置.......................................................................................................................4-44.2.1 启动组播..................................................................................................................4-44.2.2 在接口上使能IGMP.................................................................................................4-44.2.3 启动PIM-DM协议.....................................................................................................4-44.2.4 进入PIM视图............................................................................................................4-54.2.5 配置Hello报文发送间隔...........................................................................................4-54.2.6 配置组播源（组）过滤............................................................................................4-64.2.7 配置PIM邻居过滤....................................................................................................4-64.2.8 配置接口的PIM邻居最大数量..................................................................................4-64.3 PIM-SM配置.......................................................................................................................4-74.3.1 启动组播..................................................................................................................4-74.3.2 在接口上使能IGMP.................................................................................................4-74.3.3 启动PIM-SM协议.....................................................................................................4-84.3.4 进入PIM视图............................................................................................................4-84.3.5 配置PIM-SM域边界.................................................................................................4-84.3.6 配置候选BSR...........................................................................................................4-84.3.7 配置候选RP.............................................................................................................4-94.3.8 配置静态RP...........................................................................................................4-104.3.9 配置Hello报文发送间隔.........................................................................................4-104.3.10 配置组播源（组）过滤........................................................................................4-114.3.11 配置PIM邻居过滤................................................................................................4-114.3.12 配置接口的PIM邻居最大数量..............................................................................4-114.3.13 配置RP对注册报文进行过滤................................................................................4-114.3.14 配置从RPT切换到SPT的阈值..............................................................................4-114.3.15 限定合法BSR的范围............................................................................................4-124.3.16 限定合法C-RP的范围..........................................................................................4-124.3.17 清除PIM路由项....................................................................................................4-134.3.18 清除PIM邻居........................................................................................................4-134.4 PIM显示和调试.................................................................................................................4-134.5 PIM典型配置举例.............................................................................................................4-144.5.1 PIM-DM典型配置举例...........................................................................................4-144.5.2 PIM-SM典型配置举例............................................................................................4-174.6 PIM故障诊断与排除.........................................................................................................4-20第5章 MSDP配置..................................................................................................................5-15.1 MSDP协议简介..................................................................................................................5-15.1.1 MSDP工作原理........................................................................................................5-15.2 MSDP配置.........................................................................................................................5-45.2.1 使能MSDP...............................................................................................................5-45.2.2 配置MSDP对等体....................................................................................................5-45.2.3 配置静态RPF对等体................................................................................................5-55.2.4 配置Originating RP..................................................................................................5-65.2.5 配置缓存SA状态......................................................................................................5-65.2.6 配置缓存SA的最大数量...........................................................................................5-65.2.7 请求MSDP对等体的源信息.....................................................................................5-75.2.8 控制创建的源信息....................................................................................................5-75.2.9 控制转发的源信息....................................................................................................5-85.2.10 控制接收的源信息.................................................................................................5-95.2.11 配置MSDP全连接组..............................................................................................5-95.2.12 配置MSDP连接重试周期.....................................................................................5-105.2.13 关闭MSDP对等体................................................................................................5-105.2.14 清除MSDP连接、统计和SA缓存.........................................................................5-105.3 MSDP显示和调试.............................................................................................................5-115.4 MSDP典型配置举例.........................................................................................................5-125.4.1 配置静态RPF对等体..............................................................................................5-125.4.2 配置Anycast RP....................................................................................................5-135.4.3 MSDP综合组网举例..............................................................................................5-16第6章 MBGP组播扩展配置....................................................................................................6-16.1 MBGP组播扩展简介...........................................................................................................6-16.1.1 MBGP组播扩展概述................................................................................................6-16.1.2 MBGP为组播扩展的属性.........................................................................................6-16.1.3 MBGP的运行方式与消息类型..................................................................................6-26.2 MBGP组播扩展配置...........................................................................................................6-36.2.1 启动MBGP组播扩展协议.........................................................................................6-36.2.2 指定MBGP组播扩展要通告的网络路由...................................................................6-46.2.3 配置自治系统的MED值...........................................................................................6-46.2.4 比较来自不同自治系统邻居路径的MED值..............................................................6-46.2.5 配置本地优先级.......................................................................................................6-46.2.6 配置MBGP定时器....................................................................................................6-56.2.7 配置MBGP对等体/对等体组....................................................................................6-56.2.8 配置MBGP对等体/对等体组的路由过滤..................................................................6-76.2.9 配置MBGP路由聚合................................................................................................6-96.2.10 配置MBGP路由反射器..........................................................................................6-96.2.11 配置MBGP团体属性............................................................................................6-106.2.12 配置MBGP引入IGP的路由信息...........................................................................6-106.2.13 定义AS路径列表和路由策略................................................................................6-106.2.14 配置MBGP路由过滤............................................................................................6-106.2.15 复位BGP连接......................................................................................................6-116.3 MBGP显示和调试............................................................................................................6-116.4 MBGP组播扩展典型配置举例..........................................................................................6-11第7章组播静态路由配置.......................................................................................................7-17.1 组播静态路由简介..............................................................................................................7-17.2 组播静态路由配置..............................................................................................................7-17.2.1 配置组播静态路由....................................................................................................7-27.2.2 配置组播RPF路由选择策略.....................................................................................7-27.3 组播静态路由显示和调试...................................................................................................7-37.4 组播静态路由典型配置举例................................................................................................7-3第1章 IP组播简介1.1 IP组播概述当信息（包括数据、语音和视频）传送的目的地是网络中的少数用户时，可以采用多种传送方式。
