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Section Ⅲ Grammar —过去分词作状语短语动词语法图解探究发现①Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.②Not invited, he became very disappointed.③Completely rebuilt, the town would not be so interesting.④Beaten by the opposite team, we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.⑤Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.⑥The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak covered with snow.⑦A big fire broke out last night in that village.⑧When he read the book, he came across many new words.[我的发现](1)①～⑤句中，黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随。
(2)由②句可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在过去分词前加not。
(3)⑥句中分词作状语，有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。
(4)⑦⑧句中黑体部分为短语动词。
一、过去分词(短语)作状语1．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式、让步、结果。
2．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语表示动作的完成和被动。
Module 5 Ethnic CultureSection 3 Words and Expressions from Module 5 Ethnic Cultureethnic adj.1 of a national or racial group of people:A question on ethnic origin was included in the census.The factory’s workforce reflects the ethnic mix from which it draws its labour.Conflicts between the different ethnic groups in the country exploded into civil war.2 from a different race or interesting because characteristic of an ethnic group which is very different from those that are mon in western culture:ethnic foodethnic costumediverse adj.varied or different:Students from countries as diverse as Colombia and Lithuania use Cambridge textbooks when they learn English.New York is a very culturally/ethnically diverse city.people from diverse culturesMy interests are very diverse.native adj.1 [before noun] relating to or describing someone's country or place of birth or someone who was born in a particular country or place:She returned to live and work in her native Japan.She’s a native Califor nian.2 describes plants and animals which grow naturally in a place, and have not been brought there from somewhere else:Henderson Island in the Pacific has more than 55 species of native flowering plants.The horse is not native to America - it was introduced by the Spanish.3 [before noun] relating to the first people to live in an area:The Aborigines are the native inhabitants of Australia.the native populationnative customs and traditions4 your native language/tongue the first language that you learn:French is his native tongue.5 [before noun] A native ability or characteristic is one that a person or thing has naturally and is part of their basic character:his native witvaried adj.containing or changing between several different things or types:a varied group of peoplea lengthy and varied careerWith its varied climate, the country attracts both winter and summer sports enthusiasts.run v.1 [I or T] to (cause to) operate:Keep clear of the machines while they’re running.The government took desperate measures to keep the economy running.Do you know how to run this sort of machinery?The mechanic asked me to run (= switch on and allow to work) the engine for a minute.They had the new puter system up and running (= working) within an hour.We’ve run the puter program, but nothing happens.We’re running (= doing) an experiment.2 [T] to be in control of:He’s been running a restaurant/his own pany since he left school.The local college runs (= provides) a course in self-defence.a well-run/badly-run organization/business/course3 [T] If you run a car, you own one, drive it and pay for the costs:I can’t afford to run a car.4 [T] to organize the way you live or work:Some people run their lives according to the movements of the stars.inherit v.to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died:Who will inherit the house when he dies?All her children will inherit equally.She inherited a fortune from her father.policies inherited from the previous administrationcustom n.a way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time:a local/ancient custom[+ to infinitive] In my country, it’s the custom (for women) to get married in white.splash v.1 [I or T; usually + adverb or preposition] If a liquid splashes or if you splash a liquid, it falls on or hits sth. or someone:Water was splashing from a hole in the roof.Unfortunately some paint splashed onto the rug.She splashed her face with cold water.She poured a large gin and splashed soda into it from a siphon.2 [I usually + adverb or preposition] to move in water so that drops of it go in all directions: The kids were splashing (about/around) in the shallow end of the swimming pool.farmn.1 an area of land, together with house and buildings, used for growing crops and/or keeping animals as a business:a dairy/arable farmfarm animalsfresh farm producefarm workers2 a place where a particular type of animal is raised in large numbers to be sold:a sheep/fish/mink farmv. to use land for growing crops and/or raising animals as a business:The Stamfords have farmed this land for over a hundred years.lame adj.(especially of animals) not able to walk correctly because of physical injury to or weakness in the legs or feetThe horse went lame.firm adj.1 well fixed in place or position:The bridge provided a firm platform for the bungee jumpers.2 fixed at the same level or opinion and not changing:The government remains firm in its opposition to tax reform.rigid adj.stiff or fixed; not able to be bent, moved, changed or persuaded:a rigid steel and concrete structureI was rigid with (= stiff and unable to move because of) fear.DISAPPROVING We were disappointed that they insisted on such a rigid interpretation of the rules. fasten v.1 to (cause sth. to) bee firmly fixed together, or in position, or closed:Make sure your seat belt is securely fastened.This shirt fastens at the back.2 fasten sth. on/to/together, etc. to fix one thing to another:I fastened the sticker to the windscreen.fold v.1 [I or T] to bend sth., especially paper or cloth, so that one part of it lies on the other part, or to be able to be bent in this way:I folded the letter (in half) and put it in an envelope.He had a neatly folded handkerchief in his jacket pocket.Will you help me to fold (up) the sheets?2 [T] to wrap:She folded her baby in a blanket.He folded his arms around her.3 fold your arms to bring your arms close to your chest and hold them together4 [T] to move a part of your body into a position where it is close to your body:She sat with her legs folded under her.adjust v.1 to change sth. slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable:If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.2 to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidy:She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room.furnish v.1 to provide with furniture; to put furniture in:They’ve furnished the r oom very simply.2 to provide someone with sth.:Furnished with maps, a pass and sandwiches, they set off for a day’s hiking.awkward adj.difficult to use, do, or deal with:It’s an awkward corner to drive round, so take it slowly.Some of the questions were rather awkward.It was an awkward ascent, but we reached the top eventually.[+ to infinitive] My car’s quite awkward to drive.He’s an awkward customer (= a difficult person to deal with).pierce v.1 [I + adverb or preposition; T] to go into or through sth., making a hole in it using a sharp point:The needle pierces the fabric four times a second.I couldn’t wear these earrings because my ears aren’t pierced.The gun fires a shell capable of piercing the armour of an enemy tank.The hole they drilled pierces 6 km into the earth’s crust.2 [T] (of a light, sound, etc.) to suddenly be seen or heard, despite darkness, noise, etc:A few rays of sunlight pierced the smoke.piercing adj.1 going through or into sth.:Troops have been issued with new armour-piercing anti-tank grenades.FIGURATIVE We shivered in the piercing wind.2 describes a sound that is high, loud and unpleasant:piercing screams3 a piercing criticism/question/remark, etc. a criticism/question/remark, etc. which is unpleasant or unfortable because it is strong or it makes you think about or discuss something which you would prefer not to:She hadn’t really meant to lie, but their piercing questions had forced her to.4 piercing eyes/look/gaze/glance, etc. used to describe when a person looks very carefully at someone or sth., especially when they are trying to discover sth., often making people feel unfortable:Sherlock Holmes gave him a piercing glance.FIGURATIVE He looked straight at me with his piercing blue eyes.。
Module 5 Ethnic Culture Section Ⅴ Writing-介绍一个民族此类文章属于说明文，说明文的特点是：知识性、通俗性和层次性，关键点是说明、介绍。
说明文应该注意以下几个方面：一、要有该事物的知识；二、要抓住事物的特点进行说明；三、要科学地安排说明顺序；四、采纳适当的说明方式。
一、写作要领介绍一个民族时，必需简要介绍其形成进程，人口数，居住地，语言，经济进展状况，传统特点，尤其是围绕一些为人所知的典型特点进行描述。
描述时要做到客观准确，时态一样选择一样此刻时。
二、经常使用表达1．have a population of ...2．with a history of ...3．native region4．have a tradition of ...5．be known for ...6．the most wellknown festival ...[题目要求]请依照下表，写一篇英语短文，简要介绍一下我国朝鲜族。
分布我国东北同朝鲜交界的长白山地区，主要在吉林省来源数百年前，从朝鲜迁来服装白色服装，显示清净朴素的个性语言绝大多数人讲朝鲜语，少数地方使用汉语体育活动爱好摔跤，足球文化能歌善舞；有本民族语言文字；有延边大学等上千所学校注意：1.2．参考辞汇：朝鲜族Korean ethnic group in China第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1．确信文体：本文为一篇说明文；2．确信人称：本文要紧人称为第三人称；3．肯按时态：要紧利用一样此刻时。
二、构思第一步：点出朝鲜族是我国55个少数民族之一。
第二步：详细介绍该民族的来源、服装、语言、体育活动和文化。
第三步：总结：该民族是伟大勤劳的民族。
第二步：核心辞汇想全面1．mainly 要紧的2．pure 纯洁的3．wrestling 摔跤4．hardworking勤劳的5．stand_for 代表，象征6．varieties_of 多种多样的第三步：由词扩句雏形现1．朝鲜族是中国55个少数民族之一。
Module 5 Ethnic Culture【导读】《假如给我三天光明》是美国当代作家海伦·凯勒的散文代表作。
该书的前半部分主要写了海伦变成盲聋人后的生活，后半部分则介绍了海伦的求学生涯。
同时也介绍她体会丰富多彩的生活以及她的慈善活动等。
Three Days to See(excerpt)All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twentyfour hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak，of course，of free men who have a choice，not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking，wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events，what experiences，what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past，what regrets?Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with a gentleness，a vigor，and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those，of course，who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat，drink，and be merry，”but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune，but almost always his sense of values is changed.He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.It has often been noted that those who live，or have lived，in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us，however，take life for granted.We know that one day we must die，but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health，death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.假如给我三天光明(节选)我们大家都读过一些令人激动的故事，这些故事里的主人公仅仅活在有限并且特定的时间内，有时长达一年，有时短到24小时。
Module 5 EthnicCulture Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading andVocabulary （1）-Language PointsⅠ. 单句语法填空1 ． More and more peoplechoose to shop on the Internet ， as it offers a__________(vary)of goods.2． China is a great country and __________(diverse)cultures.3． Who ________(run)the business instead of Bob last year?4． ________(tire) and short of breath， Tom was the first to reach the top ofthe hill.5． So many countries ，so many __________(custom) ．6． China is home ________ giant pandas.7． ________(see) from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain isa sea of trees.8． When I passed this afternoon， I saw a little boy was lying on the grass ，his hands ________(cross)under his head.9． This kind of plant is native ________ that region.10． ________(lose) in the forestfor two days ， the twins were finally found bythe police.【导学号： 33030044】【答案】Ⅱ . 单句改错2． The meeting was over， everyone tried to go home earlier.________________________________________________________________________3． Seeing from the sunset， The sea looks so beautiful.________________________________________________________________________4． Whatever heavily it is raining， we should attend the meeting on time.________________________________________________________________________5． The old man has two daughters， both of which are doctors.________________________________________________________________________【 答 案 】前 加 in 或 which →where 2. 去 掉 was 3.Seeing →Seen4.Whatever →However5.which →whom1． Next to it is another restaurant which we can have Chinese food.________________________________________________________________________Ⅲ . 阅读理解When I started my career in management， I was really green ， but I always triedto stay positive on the job.I was working for a new company that was having a difficult ，at one point my General Manager told m e he likedme and suggested I should start looking for a new job as we were about to lose ouronly order.Every day we faced people leaving the company，customers complaining，and upper management preparing to close the place.One night ， I went home thinking about the problems.My wife told me to forgetabout work and see a movie.We went and saw Slumdog Millionaire.Jamal ， an eighteen-year-old Indian young man，realized what we needed to do was to correct the situation.The next day I called my customers to have a talk.I promised to do my best tosolve the problems if they would give us some time.As a result，we were given one month to turn the situation was our only chance to correct the achieve this ， I worked day and night with my team.I can remember working from 6 a．m.and not going home until 2 a．m.the next day.To make a long story short，we succeeded in solving all of the problems and atthe same time increased our productivity( 生产率 ) ． The customers and management were very happy ， and I knew at that moment we had saved our jobs.Actually things wentso well that we ended up having our pay doubled.Through this experience I understand that you can achieve what you desire aslong as you work at it and stay positive.1． The General Manager advised the author to look for a new job mainly because________.A． he knew the author didn't want to stay thereB． his company was too small to hire so many peopleC． he believed the author could get more pay that wayD． the management was preparing to close the department【解析】细节理解题。
Module 5 Ethnic Culture Section Ⅱ Introduction &Reading-Language Points一、这样记单词二、这样记短语三、这样记句式1．(教材P57)home to 25 ethnic minorities, most diverse region of China25个少数民族的居住地，中国民族最多样化的地区minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数在这次会议上，妇女占少数。
②Only a/the_minority_of the class voted for the plan.班里只有少数学生投票赞成这项计划。
③The nation wants peace, and only a minority want(s) the war to continue.全国人民渴望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续。
[名师点津] the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致； the/a majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
2．(教材P57)native adj.出生地的；土生土长的n.[C]本地人；土生土长的动/植物他对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是本地人。
②It’s said that the tiger is native to India.据说这种老虎原产于印度。
③As we all know, the panda is a native of China.众所周知，熊猫是中国特有的动物。
3．(教材P58)I’ve been in Yunnan for two months now and I’m still astonishedby how varied the landscape is.现在我来云南已经两个月了，这里多姿多彩的风景仍然令我惊讶不已。
varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的叶子的颜色随着季节的变化而变化。
角顿市安康阳光实验学校单元加餐练（一） 完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空Long ago a king named Gessler ruled over the people of Switzerland. He made their life very 1 . One day in the public square he 2 atall pole (杆) and put his own cap on the top of it. Then he gave an 3that everyone should bow down before it 4 they came into the town.But one man, William Tell, stood up 5 with folded arms in front of the funny cap, which made Gessler 6 . Therefore, he decided to 7 this rude man.William Tell was a famous 8 ， so he could shoot withbow and arrow very well. When Gessler 9 that, hecame up with an idea that made Tell really10 . Heordered that Tell's little son should be made to 11 in the publicsquare with a(n) 12 on his head, and then Tell had to shoot it withjust one of his arrows.Tell 13 Gessler not to have him make this test of his skill, forhe became so 14 . What if his son should move? What if his hand should15 ？ What if the arrow should not carry true? Gessler said, “If you16 ， my soldiers shall kill the boy before your eyes.”Then Tell fitted the arrow to his bow. He took 17 ， and let it fly. The boy was still there on his feet. He was not afraid, for he was quite 18 about his father's skill. The arrow flew through the air. It hit the apple right in the center, and 19 it away. The people whosaw that shouted with 20 . And not long after this, Tell shot Gessler with one of his arrows; thus he set his country free.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。
单元加餐练（一）完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空My mother made me a teacher. I don’t mean that she __1__ me to become a teacher. She made me a teacher because she taught me to love learning and __2__.In addition to my mother’s __3__， there were several other events in my life that __4__ me to become a teacher. When I was little I could not __5__ the syllable “er”. No one could understand me. I remember being very __6__. Then, when I was four, my mother took me to meet a wonderful __7__ teacher named Miss Philips. After six weeks, I __8__ say “sister” and “flower”. I learned then the power of education. My mother said, “__9__ is the world’s most important job.”When I was thirteen, I __10__ a month in Shiner’s Hospital. I got to know the other __11__ there. They were wonderful, very sweet and caring. I had them __12__ an autograph book so I could remember them. I remember being shocked that __13__ they were very intelligent, many of them could barely write their names. My mother __14__ many of them had been in and out of hospitals. I then __15__ what a difference the opportunity to learn could make for a child.My mother said, “If it’s worth doing, it’s worth doing __16__.” So when I was ready to pick the career, I had the __17__ that education could change everyone’s life.I am __18__ to the teachers that helped me learn the art of teaching. I love to see the __19__ in a student’s eyes when he or she understands. I also love __20__ former students. One email from a girl who started my class with no interest in math or science, now a physics B．S.with a math minor (辅修科目), told me how much a class in high school changed her life.语篇解读：作者小的时候发音不好，母亲为作者找到了一位好老师Philips小姐。
作者认为，好的教育可以改变一个人的一生。
1．A.encouraged B．forcedC．controlled D．helped解析：选B 根据文章的第一句可知，母亲让作者成为一位老师，而由下文作者的经历可知，母亲没有“强迫(force)”作者。
2．A.sharing B．askingC．eating D．destroying解析：选A 根据常识可知，老师要和学生“分享(share)”自己的学识。
3．A.example B．pressureC．influence D．instruction解析：选C 由上一段中的“she taught me to love learning”可知，这是母亲对作者的“影响(influence)”。
4．A.confused B．convincedC．depressed D．excited解析：选B 作者之所以成为老师，是因为有好几件事情最终“说服(convince)”作者成为一名老师。
convince sb. to do sth.“说服某人做某事。
”5．A.write B．pronounceC．declare D．describe解析：选B 根据下文可以得知，作者最初是不会“拼读(pronounce)”“er”这个音节的。
6．A.inspired B．interestedC．satisfied D．upset解析：选D 由上一句“No one could understand me.”可知，由于作者发音不好，所以没有人懂作者，这让作者很“烦恼(upset)”。
7．A.art B．musicC．speech D．grammar解析：选C Philips老师教会了作者发音，由此可以推知，她是一位“口语”老师，故用speech。
8．A.would B．couldC．might D．should解析：选B 根据下一句“I learned then the power of education.”可知，作者“能够(can)”说清sister和flower了。
9．A.Reading B．TeachingC．Learning D．Attending解析：选B 作者跟着老师学会了发音，因此母亲说“教学(teach)”是世界上最重要的工作。
10．A.worked B．studiedC．wasted D．spent解析：选D 既然能够认识其他病人，这说明作者13岁时在医院里“度过(spend)”了一个月。
11．A.teachers B．patientsC．drivers D．cooks解析：选B 作者是在医院里，因此认识了其他“病人(pa tient)”。
12．A.design B．signC．notice D．plan解析：选B 由下一句中的“many of them could barely write their names”可知，作者让他们“签名(sign)”，以便以后能记得他们。
13．A.although B．soC．because D．if解析：选A “虽然(although)”他们很聪明，但是许多人几乎不会写自己的名字。
14．A.explained B．promisedC．agreed D．admitted解析：选 A 母亲对上一句提到的许多人不会写自己名字的原因进行了“解释(explain)”。
15．A.insisted B．doubtedC．reminded D．realized解析：选 D 知道那些孩子由于没有机会上学而不会写自己的名字，作者“意识到(realize)”学习的机会对一个孩子的重要性。
16．A.strange B．badC．right D．poor解析：选C 如果一件事值得做，就要做“好”，因此要用right。
17．A.promise B．taskC．belief D．suggestion解析：选C 该空后的“that education could change everyone’s life”是作者从事教育工作的时候所坚持的“信念(belief)”。
18．A.anxious B．gratefulC．stressful D．proud解析：选B 根据该句中的“that helped me learn the art of teaching”可知，作者应该是非常“感激(grateful)”那些帮助过自己的老师们。
19．A.surprise B．delightC．regret D．fear解析：选B 根据该句中的“when he or she understands”可知，作者喜欢看到学生听懂后眼睛里透出的“快乐(delight)”。
20．A.hearing from B．speaking ofC．calling on D．listening to解析：选A 根据下一句的“One email from a girl”可知，此处指作者也很喜欢“收到”以前的学生的来信，因此要用hear from。
Ⅱ.阅读理解For many people, worrying is their life. They’re also anxious over things. They are anxious for family, friends, relatives and mankind. They fret about the past, the present and the future. I was once one of those people. Here’re some advice on how to stop worrying.Let there be no crisis before its time. Don’t worry aboutsomething that’ll take place in a week, a day or even an hour.The variables will be different then. If you’ve to make adecision on Friday, wait until Friday. Squash (压制)unnecessary worrying with one question. If the answer is “no”，stay in the present moment, write the thought quickly and then let it go.Don’t let possessions possess you. Don’t let objects rule you. Don’t give them the power to spoil your day. Worrying over a problem after the fact can’t restore or bring anything back. The less you have, the less anxiety you bring into your life.Set worry limits. If you can’t get worry under control right away, then establish limits. Set a timer or a watch alarm for 15 minutes. When the time is up, the alarm will be a tangible (切实的) reminder to let the worry go. Schedule this time when you’ve something important to do, so you’ll have to drop worry and refocus fast. Worrying is a choice, and you can choose not to do it.Don’t control others with your worries. Worrying about loved ones wastes lots of time and opens up the door to permanent estrangement (疏远). Let people be who they are. Stop forcing others to do what’ll make you feel better, instead of what they want. Don’t manipulate (操纵) them into eating what you want them to eat, going where you want them to go, or doing what you want them to do under the guise of love. Give people credit for having half a brain and knowing what’s good or bad for them. You’ll cut your worrying in half.语篇解读：本文是说明文。
