2018届高考英语复习专练：十四 模块3 unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars 含解析

Unit4 Astronomy：the science of starsI. 单词拼写1. Her school report shows that she is weak in____________ (生物).2. I hope you will recover soon under this healthful____________ (气候).3. He noticed a plastic bag____________ (飘浮)in the sky.4. He____________ (拉开)the door open and rushed out.5. There are five scientists in the____________ (宇宙飞船).6. She c____________ the glass angrily against the wall.7. British p____________ Isaac Newton died on March 20th at the age of 84.8. The dog is so g____________ that I am not afraid of it.9. Television stations around the world are linked by s____________.10. By the earth’s g____________, apples fall to the ground.II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.2. We live in a (globe) village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.3. Do you believe the of ghosts? Perhaps they only in the minds of some people.(exist)4. Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more . Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use whatever happens.(violent)5. There was a ______________ look on the little girl’s face because a ______________ problem ______________ her. (puzzle)6. Playing computer games will not only do ______________ to your physical health, but it is also ______________ to your mental health. So there is no ______________ in advising you to give it up.(harm)7. To us the whole ______________ (global) is like a family.8. He often says that he doesn’t believe in any ______________ (religious) and only believes in himself.9. The customers have ______________ (multiply) their demands on this kind of products in the past two years.10. We need many powerful ______________ (system).III.单项填空1.(2017·北京卷) Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whomeverD. whichever2.（2016·江苏卷）It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that3. Top players must have excellent ball control, but it is not just ______________ they do with their feet ______________ counts.A.how；thatB.that；whatC.whether；whatD.what；that4. ______________ Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.A.WhenB.ThatC.WhatD.Whether5. ______________ that the Chinese government plans to end its one-child policy and instead let families have two children.A.It was reportedB.What was reportedC.It has reportedD.As was reported6. It is said ______________ the picture shows a Chinese girl standing by the river under a tree, seemingly listening to a bird singing.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that7. It doesn’t matter ______________ will take over the company, as no one can save it from financial crisis.A.whoeverB.anyoneC.whoD.no matter who8. So absurd ______________ that ______________ saw him stared at him.A.did he look；anyoneB.he looked；no matter whoC.did he look；whoeverD.he looked；who9. It’s not what you have in your life but ______________ you have in your life that matters.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what10. ______________ bothers me is that the young man seems to know a bit too much.A.WhetherB.WhatC.WhichD.ThatI. 单词拼写1. biology2. climate3. floating4. pulled5. spaceship6. crashed7. physicist8. gentle9.satellites 10. gravityII.用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Unlike2. global3. existence; exist4. violent; violence5. puzzled; puzzling; puzzled6. harm; harmful; harm7. globe8. religion9. multiplied 10. systemsIII.单项填空的人一切皆可能是事实。

课时作业(十四) [必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the scienceof the stars](限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空Sometimes Chinese English teachers are puzzled by 1.________ a question，“Have you got any skills in reading comprehension？”Actually, many of the teachers can't give students 2.________ efficient way to deal with reading. Anyway, 3.________ often simply say，“Read more and practice more, and you 4.________ (get) more experience in reading comprehension.”Frankly, these teachers' good5.________ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students' interest in reading6.________ not helpful to deal with the questions in the examinations of reading comprehension. Personally, I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based7.________ the knowledge of English writing. Since the English passages are written under some rules or principles, the science of reading and understanding may have a close relationship with writing. Reading comprehension can't be independent from the knowledge of writing. So8.________ (do) better in reading comprehension, we should learn the knowledge of writing, study9.________questions are designed and the relationship 10.________ questions and the reading materials.Ⅱ.阅读理解Surface Exploration.Robots make great explorers on planets，moons，and other landing areas.Aside from earth，just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe，making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygenequipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand．Plus there would be complications with radiation，weather，and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.Data Collection.Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at a time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals，analyzing ground samples，and finding water are all performed much quicker and more accurately (精确地) by robots.Cost Effective.The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order tosuccessfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans，but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover，robots have no problems working for hours onend.Robots never complain，they don't require food or water，and they never need a bathroom break.Space Travel.Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famousand successful robots are the Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars' history.11．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?A．The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.B．It may be dangerous for humans to explore the solar system except the earth.C．Both the Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water in the Mars.D．Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.12．Which column could the passage come from?A．Education.B．Finance.C．Travel.D．Science.13. The underlined word “withstand” most probably means“________”．A．arise B．bearC．defeat D．diverse14．What is the writer's attitude in this passage?A．Negative. B．Persuasive.C．Subjective. D．Objective.15．While sending an astronaut into the space，we should consider thefollowing EXCEPT ________．A．the radiation B．the oxygenC．the diet D．the alienⅢ.信息匹配请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

Ⅰ.单项选择1.【2017·北京卷】Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whomeverD. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句。

A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever任何人D. whichever无论哪个。

句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。

空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。

2.【2016·北京卷】Your support is important to our work. ________you can do helps.A. HoweverB. WhoeverC. WhateverD. Wherever【答案】C【解析】考查主语从句。

helps是谓语，________you can do是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中do后缺少宾语，表示任何事情，用whatever引导，故选C。

3.【2016·江苏卷】It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。

本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，但不能省略。

连接副词why 要在句中做状语，连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。

句意：对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能是事实。

Unit 4 Astronomy ：the science of the stars一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．harmful adj .有害的 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health. ②As far as I'm concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. 补全句子③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing_serious_harm_to life and the environment.这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。

[系统归纳]⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫ do/cause sb./sth.harmng sth. It does no harm to do sth.[重点强化] 易错对对碰(to/for)④As we all know, the polluted water and air are harmful to people's health. ⑤Anyway, the news seems to be good for you. 佳句时时写(一句多译)众所周知，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。

⑥Whatisknowntousisthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_our_health.(harmful)⑦It is known to us that drinking too much does_harm_to_our_health.(harm n ．) 2．exist vi .存在；生存 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist in his mind. ②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.[系统归纳]佳句时时写④众所周知，老人和年轻人之间存在代沟。

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of stars高考试题一（2017·新课标III卷）A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticketto the right woman. But 41 apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 .Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43 ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 . The ticket had a strict no-transfer（不可转让） 45 , but since passport information was not required when 46 , any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it.＂I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 48 a lot of joy,＂ said Axani. He posted his 49 on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the 50 passports. ＂More 51 , there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in 52 their name to Elizabeth Gallagher,＂ Axani said. ＂It was absolutely out of 53 , thousands of e-mails, people around the world 54 their stories of travel.＂Axani wrote in his post that he is not 55 anything in return and that the woman who uses the 56 ticket can choose to either travel with him or 57 the ticket and travel on her own.The 58 is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before 59 in Toronto on January 8. He said the 60 woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.41. A. benefits B. deposits C. restrictionsD. examinations42. A. origin B. passport C. accentD. friend43. A. holiday B. marriage C. dreamD. relationship44. A. go to waste B. come to mind C. go on saleD. come into effect45. A. policy B. order C. paymentD. schedule46. A. applying B. booking C. checking D. bargaining47. A. use B. borrow C. choose D. buy48. A. sacrifice B. express C. experienceD. provide49. A. answer B. advice C. offerD. comment50. A. same B. right C. new D. real51. A. interesting B. annoying C. satisfyingD. convincing52. A. writing B. giving C. lendingD. changing53. A. touch B. question C. date D. control54. A. admiring B. advertising C. sharingD. doubting55. A. leaving B. looking for C. losingD. dealing with56. A. single B. strange C. regularD. extra57. A. return B. take C. reserveD. hide58. A. interview B. program C. tripD. meeting59. A. ending B. calling C. repeatingD. staying60. A. honored B. lovely C. intelligentD. lucky【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一个加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后，希望免费赠送自己为女朋友购买的环球航空旅行机票的故事，体现了年轻人无私的精神。

课时作业(十四)Ⅰ.阅读理解[2017·四川绵阳诊断]Even after his death，Mitchell Whisenhunt has found a way to surprise and bring comfort to his wife and young daughter，with some letters designated to be opened on certain dates.Mitchell lost his battle with Marfan syndrome(马方综合征) at 26.The rare genetic disorder affects the body's connective tissue，which is used to hold together organs，cells and tissue.Ashley Whisenhunt,22，cared for her husband until his death but said she was astonished when she discovered the 30 letters he left for her，their 18­month­old daughter Brynleigh and the community.The little girl will grow up with a letter every year from her second to 18th birthday from a man she didn't get to spend much time with but who left no doubt that he loved her unconditionally.“Through his testimony，there is so much she is going to learn，” Ashley told ABC News.One letter was also addressed to their Longview，Texas，community，thanking them for their support.“It just blows my mind，” Ashley said of her husband's secret gesture.“He thought about everybody else instead of himself.”Ashley said she would respect her husband's wishes and open each letter as he planned，however，there was one special surprise left for her that she said hit her the hardest.In a spiral notebook that Ashley used before she dropped out of college to care for her husband，he wrote a letter to her asking that she publish a book of poetry he had written.Mitchell Whisenhunt even planned his own funeral，and the funeral director said he couldn't tell Ashley because it was Mitchell's plan and secret.Ashley said she couldn't help but wonder what other surprises her husband had in store.“There are ones we still don't know about，” she said.1．How many letters will Ashley Whisenhunt receive from her husband?A．30. B．22.C．12. D．13.2．The underlined word “ones” in the last paragraph refers to ________.A．books B．poemsC．notebooks D．surprises3．What's the best title for the passage?A．Love from HeavenB．Fight Against DiseasesC．Respect for FatherD．Secrets in Store答案：[解题导语]本文讲述了Mitchell在患马方综合征死后，仍给他的妻子和女儿以惊喜和安慰。

Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)A[2017·复旦附中高三检测]Space exploration has always been the province W1 of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars while human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered W2 by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow－up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised W3 space shuttle program has just come to an end P1， with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one－thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorersfollow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom－up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians W4 in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us－not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin－off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed_off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to P2 the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit W5. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。

必修III--Unit 4知识点III---IV Astronomy: the science of the stars一、知识点1. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.在我们的太阳系里八个行星绕太阳运转。

The birds were circling around over the lake. 鸟儿在湖面上空绕圈子。

The teachers are used to circling the pupils' spelling mistakes in red ink. 教师习惯于用红笔圈出学生的拼写错误。

They sat in a circle round the fire.他们围着火坐成一圈。

In political circles there is talk of war. 在政治圈里，有人谈论到（会发生）战争2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. 地球上生命的起源是个使天文学家感兴趣的问题。

the origins of civilization 文明的起源He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。

This new theory will certainly interest you.这新理论肯定会引起你的兴趣。

I find no interest in such things. 我对这些不感兴趣。

His two great interests in life are music and painting. 他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。

The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective. 个人利益必须服从集体利益。

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ.单项填空1．—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.A．Go ahead B．Good luckC．No problem D．Cheer up2．When Mary was talking to her friend on the phone，someone knocked at the door.She had to________the conversation and answered the door.A．break off B．break downC．break into D．break out3．A lifeguard is an excellent swimmer who is trained and employed to________other swimmers and rescue anyone in danger of drowning.A．watch over B．watch outC．look out D．look over4．Whenever I get in trouble，my father always encourages me，“Don’t worry，my girl.I’m sure everything will get better________.”A．in return B．on timeC．in time D．by accident5．—It remains to be seen________he will come or not.—Then why not give him a call?A．that B．whatC．whose D．whether6．Stay away from Lynch.He’s a liar.You’ll be cheated if you don’t________.A．break out B．watch outC．take off D．set off7．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.A．atmosphere B．stateC．situation D．phenomenon8．The woman’s illness________all the doctors in this hospital；they couldn’t find the cause.A．prevented B．puzzledC．exhausted D．consulted9．Robert is interested in________astronomy and he wishes he could make a trip into________space one day.A．the；the B．an；theC．an；/ D．/；/10．There was a________quarrel between the husband and the wife；after that the wife left home and never came back.A．sensitive B．seriousC．violent D．strict11．Though most people know that smoking________the risk of cancer，it is still hard for them to give it up.A．multiplies B．addsC．combines D．gains12．All people，________they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A．even if B．whetherC．no matter D．however13．(2012·黑龙江省三市联考)To________skating，one needs to keep practicing andreceive professional guidance.A．catch hold of B．have an eye forC．get the hang of D．stick to14．—________you like the computer so much，why not buy it?—Well，I can’t afford it.A．In case B．Now thatC．Even though D．Only if15．Before the Libyan war________，many people put away in safe places possessions they couldn’t take with them.A．broke down B．broke upC．broke out D．broke offⅡ.完形填空(2012·东北三省四市联考)Many adults see teens asenergetic.Many of us see ourselves as proud.Thisthinking__1__many adults and us to have the idea that if we can’thandle school or__2__life well，we are just not trying hard.But in my opinion that may not be__3__.Earlier this school year，I was leaving my class one Friday__4__suddenly it__5__like I had pulled a muscle in my back.I knew I was ill.After a few days I stopped eating.This meant I lost__6__；the clothes that I bought two weeks earlier began__7__loose.This time my parents got scared.__8__，I started sleeping less.My eyelids (眼皮) were constantly__9__.I refused to__10__that I was ill.I kept my job working 25 hours a week in a shop；I didn’t__11__any classes.When I was hurting，I didn’t mind and kept on going.__12__it kills you，it makes you stronger，right?But now I find myself thinking.Is it__13__it? I’m taking the classes and working for the newspaper because it does good__14__college appli cations.And I’m working 25 hours a week so that，once I get into my dream school，I can__15__it.Here I am，already sick from the__16__of work I’m doing in and out of school.So，what good is a(n)__17__application if I’m badly ill? What is the__18__of doing this work if I can’t enjoy the results?In fact，by writing my__19__I’m telling all the people who__20__much about the future to worry about it now.1．A.makes B．forcesC．causes D．intends2．A.still B．evenC．just D．yet3．A.true B．realC．wrong D．false4．A.while B．whenC．then D．how5．A.looked B．soundedC．appeared D．felt6．A.face B．hopeC．weight D．direction7．A.hanging B．holdingC．changing D．dressing8．A.In fact B．In additionC．In disorder D．In general9．A.light B．shutC．open D．heavy10．A.insist B．determineC．accept D．consider11．A.lose B．dropC．give D．take12．A.Unless B．IfC．Though D．Before13．A.paid B．similar toC．equal to D．worth14．A.at B．toC．on D．with15．A.control B．manageC．support D．afford16．A.amount B．setC．kind D．number17．A.suitable B．impressiveC．believable D．usual18．A.reason B．ideaC．point D．tip19．A.time B．workC．newspaper D．story20．A.think B．careC．miss D．realizeⅢ.阅读理解(2012·原创题)Versailles PalaceThe baroque(巴洛克艺术) was a style of art thatexisted from the late 1500s to the middle of the 18thcentury.The works of art were rich，dramatic and had a lotof detail.Baroque was a contrast to the Renaissance，whichdominated much of European life in the periodbefore.Renaissance art was orderly and balanced.It often used geometric figures and shapes.Baroque artists and architects concentrated on curves and arches.Many European rulers wanted to show how powerful they were during the baroque period.They paid architects to build palaces with great gardens in baroque style.Versailles near Paris and the Belvedere in Vienna are examples for such architecture.Baroque buildings were not the same in all of Europe.In Austria，Spain and Latin America the inside of these buildings were covered with many decorations.Baroque architecture of France was more classical and orderly.In England，Sir Christopher Wren was the prime architect of the period.He rebuilt London’s St.Paul’s Cath edral after it had been burned down by a fire in 1666 and replaced the old Gothic with a newer baroque style.Baroque sculpture was characterized by movement.The most famous representative was Giovanni Bernini of Italy.He created marble sculptures，designed fountains and made altarpieces.He also played an important role in rebuilding St.Peter’s Basilica in Rome.In the 1650s he designed the great square，or piazza，in front of the Catholic world’s most important cathedral.Baroque paintings were famous for their large forms.Italian artists painted the ceilings of churches with massive colourful figures.Michelangelo Caravaggio was thought to be the first great painter of the baroque era.We worked mainly in Rome，where he painted scenes of the New Testament on large canvases.He chose biblicalstories and put them into modern settings.1．Which of the following is in agreement with the Baroque?A．It often used geometric figures and shapes.B．Curves and arches were the features of Baroque artists.C．The Baroque works of art were rich，dramatic but had little detail.D．The Baroque art works was orderly and balanced.2．What can we conclude from the passage?A．Versailles near Paris and the Belvedere in Vienna are examples of the Renaissance.B．Versailles near Paris have less decorations and more orderly than the Spain architecture.C．The European rulers paid architects to build palaces with great gardens in baroque style.D．The baroque was a style of art that existed from the late 1500s to the middle of the 1800s.3．The underlined word in the fourth paragraph probably means________.A．typical B．presentC．historical D．critical4．The best title of the passage probably is________.A．Baroque Art and ArchitectureB．The difference Between Baroque Art and the RenaissanceC．The Influence of the Baroque ArtD．The History of the Baroque ArtUnit 4Astronomy：the scienceof the starsⅠ.单项填空1．【解析】选D。