2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语答案解析一、单项填空1.【答案】C【解析】本题的是代词辨析。

anything任何事情；something某些事情，重要人物；nothing什么也没有，没有事情；everything所有的事情。

句意：微笑不要我们花任何东西，但是却会给我们很多。

本题中的关键词是but说明上下文之间是转折关系，所选之词要和后面的much表示相反的意思。

故C正确。

【考点】代词辨析。

2.【答案】B【解析】本题的是交际用语。

A没关系（用来回答对方的道歉）；B我很高兴要做某事…（后面常常和but 连用，表示委婉地拒绝）；C遇见你很高兴；D我找不到任何理由。

句意：—为什么不在这里多待一会?—我想多待一会，可是我真的必须得走了。

本句的关键词是but，说明本句表示的是委婉地拒绝对方。

同时在to 后面省略了stay here a little longer。

故B正确。

【考点】交际用语。

3.【答案】C【解析】本题的是情态动词意义辨析。

Can’t不可能；做不到；dare not不敢；needn’t 不必；may not也许不；句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以当我们很累地到家的使用，不必担心做饭的问题。

Need既可以作为情态动词，也可以作为行为动词。

当它作为情态动词的使用常常用于疑问句和否定句中，表示“不必”。

根据句意说明C正确。

【考点】情态动词。

4.【答案】A【解析】本题的是时态题中的一个常考的用法。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常常使用一般现在时代替将来时。

本句中的连词before引导的就是一个时间状语从句，所以使用一般现在时代替将来时。

句意：在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。

故A正确。

【考点】时态。

5.【答案】B【解析】本题的是非谓语动词中分词做定语的用法。

本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras，从语法作用上来说相当于一个定语从句which are returned…。

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇原文EIt's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with theirtrue desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to .A. determine one's behaviorB. reflect one's tasteC. influence one's surroundingsD. result from one's habits53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A. We fall to realize our inner dispositions.B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. Personalities and attitudes.B. Preferences and habits.C. Behavior and personalities.D. Attitudes and preferences.2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解E篇翻译人们普遍认为,人们的行为方式源于他们的个性和态度。

高考英语真题【阅读理解】分类拔高练习05社会生活1.（2014·辽宁）阅读理解(Q = Question; A = Answer)Situation IQ: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move? A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation IIQ: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency? If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one. Situation IIIQ: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?A: No. Try other means.1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.Situation IVQ: If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."Situation VQ: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it?A: Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? "Yes," you can say if ever asked, "I saw it." No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.（1）You will get annoyed in a theater when .A.a person is too activeB.a person is too rude to youC.a person talks too loudlyD.a person sits too close to you（2）How will you quiet someone down in a public place?A.By making fun of him continuously.B.By looking purposefully at him.C.By talking to him directly.D.By pointing angrily at him.（3）The underlined word "belated" in Situation IV probably means .A.predictedB.returnedC.cancelledD.delayed（4）What is the passage mainly about?A.Modern ways to mind your manners.B.Different ways to change others' manners.C.Proper manners to offer help to others.D.Good manners to talk to people.2.（2014·上海）阅读理解Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and thereward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?（1）Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A.Pick a new cue.B.Form a new habit.C.Choose a new reward.D.Design a new resolution.（2）According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A.changing the routineB.trying it for a weekC.adjusting your goalD.writing it down（3）What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A.To test out different kinds of cues.B.To do something as a habit even without rewards.C.To work out the best New Year's resolution.D.To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.（4）“This year when I see the Harry Potter post er, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A.The Harry Potter poster.B.Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C.An English newspaper.D.Watching TV for half an hour.3.（2014·重庆）阅读理解It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情）, but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers toourselves. If we knew our own minds, why should we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character --- we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend t o be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”（1）According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _______.A.determine one's behaviorB.reflect one's tasteC.influence one's surroundingsD.result from one's habits（2）Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?A.The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D.One buys latte out of love of coffee.（3）What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.（4）What does the author mainly discusses in the passage?A.Personalities and attitudes.B.Preferences and habits.C.Behavior and personalities.D.Attitudes and preferences.4.（2014·北京）阅读理解MultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't touch what you can't afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this. Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.（1）According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A.Friendly assistant.B.Unique scents.C.Soft background musicD.attractive window display.（2）E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .A.as how the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB.urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC.push stores to use sights and soundsD.introduce the rise of e-commerce（3）The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _______ .A.a platform that exhibits goodsB.a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD.a target that a store expects to meet（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .pare and evaluateB.examine and assessC.argue and discussrm and explain。

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解C篇原文2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解C篇原文CThe idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid--we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate "hitting."But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a "non-Newtonian" liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice, if you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink--and take a shower afterward!44. Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly becausehumans.A. are not interested in itB. have biological limitationsC. have not invented proper toolsD. are afraid to make an attempt45. What do we know about Basiilius basilicus from the passage?A. It is light enough to walk on water.B. Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C. It can run across water at a certain speed.D. Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in watch46, What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A. To create a thick liquid.B. To turn the water into solid.C. To help the liquid behave normally.D. To enable the water to rove rapidly.47. What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water?A. It is risky but beneficial.B. It is interesting and worth trying.C. It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D. It is impractical thigh theoretically possible.2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解C篇翻译人类一直对水上行走的想法很感兴趣。

高中英语真题:2014高考英语二轮短文阅读类训练（5）及答案或解析Tides(潮汐)are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon's pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closet to the moon and also at a point farthest from the m oon on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal"Waves"fo llow the apparent(明显的) movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly e very coast line at in- tervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes d own gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day, and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Dif ferences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the times that the tidal wave reaches different poin ts along the same coast line. Tne difference in water level betw een high and low tide varies from day to day according to the re lative positions of the sun and the moon because the sun also e xerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strongas the pull of the moon. When the sun and the moon are pulling along the same line, the tides rise higher, and when they pull at fight angles to one another, the tide is lower. The formation of t he coast line and variations(变化)in the weather are additional factors which can affect the hei ght of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a w ay as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to be higher.1. The height of the tide is affected by all of the following except _________.A. the position of the sunB. the direction of the windC. variations in the coast lineD. channels in the sea bottom答案：D 指导：潮汐的高度受太阳、风向和海岸线差异的影响，海沟只影响潮汐的时间。

重庆市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（19）附答案Traveling without a map in different countries, I find out about different “styles”(方式) of directions (方向)every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”Foreign tourists are often confused (迷惑的) in Japan because most streets there don’t have name signs; in Japan, people use landmarks(地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”People in Los Angeles(洛杉矶), the US, have no idea of distance on the map: they measure (衡量)distance (距离)by time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You don’t understand completely, “Yes, but how many miles away is it, please?” To this question you won’t get an answer, because most probably they don’t know it themselves.People in Greece(希腊) sometimes do not even try to give directions because tourists seldom understand the Greek language. Instead, a Greek will often say, “Follow me.” Then he’ll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office.Sometimes a person doesn’t know the answer to your question. What happens in the situati on? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People there believe that “I don’t” is impolite. They usually give an answer, but often a wrong one. So a tourist can get lost very easily in Yucatan!However, one thing will help you everywhere in the world. It’s body language.66. Which one of the following is probably an example of Japanese directions?A. “Go south two miles. Turn west and then go another mile.”B. “Turn right at the hospital and g o past a school. The library is right in frontof you.”C. “The post office is about five minutes from here.”D. “The post office is at Street Kamira.”67. People in Los Angeles don’t give directions in miles because ______.A. they use landmarks in their directions instead of distanceB. they prefer to lead you the wayC. they often have no idea of distance measured by milesD. they prefer to use body language68. Greeks give directions by ______.A. using street namesB. using landmarksC. leading people the wayD. giving people a wrong direction69. Where is Yucatan?A. In the USA.B. In Japan.C. In Greece.D. In Mexico.70. Which of the following is NOT true?A. People in Yucatan always give right directions.B. There are different ways to give directions in different parts of the world.C. People in some places give directions in miles, but people in other places givedirections in time.D. A person’s body language can help you understand directions.***********************************************************结束(2011·广东卷，D) In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low­carbon energy will become threetimes bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money m aking electric cars and high­speed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the globalmarkets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.文章讲了在过去的十年中传统的商业模式严重地危害了地球的资源和人们的生存环境。

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解A篇原文AI was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, "Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!" Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through phone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart,Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't noticed Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me. "Thanks."Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.36. What made Kate angry one evening?A. She couldn't find her books.B. She heard the author shouting loud.C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.D. She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.37. The author tidied up the room most probably because .A. she was scared by Kate's angerB. she hated herself for being so messyC. she wanted to show her careD. she was asked by Kate to do so38. How is Paragraph I mainly developed?A. By analyzing causes.B. By showing differences.C. By describing a process.D. By following time order.39. What might be the best title for the story?A. My Friend KateB. Hard Work Pays OffC. How to Be OrganizedD. Learning to Be Roommates2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解A篇翻译我一直都不是很整洁，但我的室友凯特却总是井然有序。

2014年重庆高考英语及答案（解析版）绝密?启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(重庆卷)英语注意事项:1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色笔迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

用2B铅笔讲试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用鉛筆和塗改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案無效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试题与答题卡一并交回。

一、单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分}请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

1.A smile costs ______ ,but gives much. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 【考点】考察代词辨析【答案】C【解析】本题考察的是代词辨析。

Anything任何事情;something某些事情，重要人物;nothing什么也没有，没有事情;everything所有的事情。

句意:微笑不要我们花任何东西，但是却会给我们很多。

本题中的关键词是but说明上下文之间是转折关系，所选之词要和后面的much表示相反的意思。

故C正确。

【试题延伸】此题型主要考察不定代词的种类和用法，命题者出题时通常挑选几种不同类的代词作为选项，以此考察考生对代词本身的用法掌握和在具体语言环境下对代词的正确使用。

考生在复习时，应着重对代词进行归纳整理并且平时注意。

【举一反三】Try to be independent, for your parents can't do__________for you all your life.A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything【答案】C【解析】试题分析:A一些事情;B没有事情;C所有事情。

绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语英语试题卷共12页。

满分120分。

考试时间l00分钟。

注意事项：1. 答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。

2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再涂其它答案标号。

3. 答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。

4. 所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。

5. 考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

例: A computer can only do you have instructed it to do. A. how B. afterC. whatD. when答案是C 。

1. A smile costs , but gives much. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything2. —Why not stay here a little longer? — , but I really have to go. A. Never mindB. I’d love toC. Pleased to meet youD. I can’t find any reason3. I ’ve ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’tB. dare notC. needn’tD. may not4. You’d better write down her phone number before you it. A. forgetB. are forgettingC. forgotD. will forget5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____ to our shop for quality problems. A. returningB. returnedC. to returnD. to be returned6. I can’t tell you _____ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have _____ Wilson here in thevillage. A. the; aB. a; /C. a; theD. the; /7. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _____ the road. A. onB. alongC. fromD. off8. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _____ until yesterday. A. will comeB. was comingC. had comeD. came9. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month _____ we set at the beginning of the year. A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what10. —I spent two weeks in London last summer.—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _____ you? A. mustn’tB. haven’tC. didn’tD. hadn’t11. Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit. A. helpingB. having helpedC. helpedD. to help12. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea _____ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A. whenB. whyC. thatD. how13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it? A. had doneB. have doneC. didD. am doing14. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi _____ the bus had dropped her. A. untilB. whenC. althoughD. where15. —Jack, I’d like to have your opinions about my written report. —____. But I have one suggestion. A. That’s a good idea B. You are modestC. It looks fine to meD. You should check it first-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------姓名________________ 准考证号_____________二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面两篇短文，掌握大意，然后从16～35各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

重庆市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（1）附答案There was a story many years ago of a school teacher--- Mrs. Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stodda rd. He didn’t play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him.Then Mrs. Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs. Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when, like all her other students, Teddy brought her a Christmas present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香水)。

Teddy said, “Mrs. Thompson, today you smell just like my Mom used to.” After the children left she cried for at least an hour. On that very day, she stopped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began to teach children.Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he improved. By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he had finished high school, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs. Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed, Theodore F. Stoddard, M. D.(医学博士).The story doesn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered (耳语) in Mrs. Thompson’s ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson, for believing in me. You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference.”Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you.”54. What did Mrs. Thompson do on the first day of school?A. She made Teddy feel ashamed.B. She asked the children to play with Teddy.C. She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.D. She told the class something untrue about herself.55. What did Mrs. Thompson find out about Teddy?A. He often told lies.B. He was good at math.C. He needed motherly care.D. He enjoyed playing with others.56. In what way did Mrs. Thompson change?A. She taught fewer school subjects.B. She became stricter with her students.C. She no longer liked her job as a teacher.D. She cared more about educating students.57. Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thompson at his wedding?A. She had kept in touch with him.B. She had given him encouragement.C. She had sent him Christmas presents.D. She had taught him how to judge people.*************************************************************结束(2011·南京二模，A) French tourist outsmarts Dutch thiefAMSTERDAM—A quick­thinking French tourist outsmarted a Dutch thief after the thief tried to seize his bag, Amsterdam police said Wednesday.After winning a brief tug­of­war over the sports bag, the 27­year­old tourist ran into a nearby police station with the thief in hot pursuit.The thief“realized too late he had run straight into ‘the_long_arm_of_the_law’”，police spokeswoman Wilma Verheij said of the incident，which took place Tuesday.After it dawned on the thief, a 28­year­old man whose identity was not released, said that he was in the middle of a police station, so he tried to run away again. But he was quickly caught by officers and arrested，Verheij said.Liz Taylor remains hospitalizedLOS ANGELES—Heart trouble is keeping Elizabeth Taylor hospitalized in Los Angeles for some time, but her publicist says the 78­year­old actress is OK and has been visiting with family and friends.Taylor's spokeswoman Sally Morrison said in a statement Tuesda y that the two­time Oscar winner is comfortable at Cedars­Sinai Medical Center and“there has been steady improvement in her condition” since she was admitted last week.Taylor is being treated for symptoms of heart failure, a condition she revealed in November 2004.“Her medical team is satisfied by her progress to date, and it is hoped and expected that this will continue over the next few days. For now, she will remain under their care in the hospital for continued monitoring，” Morrison said. “Friends and fans around the world should be convinced that Elizabeth Taylor is in good health and receiving the best possible care from her skilled and devoted doctors and nurses.”Morrison described Taylor's condition as stable but offered no other details.Japan halts(暂停) whale hunt after chase by protestersTOKYO—Japan has halted its annual Antarctic whale hunt following protests from a campaign group. Activists from the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society，a US­based environmental group, have been chasing the Japanese fishing ship.Commercial whaling was banned in 1986 but Japan uses a regulation permitting hunting for scientific research.Iceland and Norway have claimed official objections to the ban and continue to hunt commercially.“Putting safety as a priority, the ship has halted scientific whaling for now. We are currently considering what to do，” Tatsuya Nakaoku, an official at the fisheries agency, told Reuters news agency.The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society says one of its boats has been blocking the ship loading ramp(斜梯) ，preventing any hunted whales from being loaded on to the ship. “Every whale saved is a victory to us, so we've gotten a lot of victories down here this year，” Sea Shepherd captain Paul Watson told Reuters news agency by satellite phone from the Steve Irwin ship.本文为三则新闻。

2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解B篇原文BThere have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they can't help putting an weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths:I'll never lose weight--I come from a fat familyWrong! While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habit of eating too much and exercise too little.I am fat because I burn calories slowlyWrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢). In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is boringWrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take a different route. If you do yoga, try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain, no gainWrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is you body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice.40. What does the author think about being fat?A. It is the family genes that make people fat.B. People are fat because they consume too little energy.C. A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D. It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.41. According to the author, how can we make exercise mom interesting?A. By taking varied exercise.B. By choosing simple exercise.C. By doing regular exercise.D. By sticking to outdoor exercise.42. What is the author's opinion about "No pain, no gain" in exercising?A. Keeping lit is essentially a painful experience.B. Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.C. Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D. Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.43. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To declare the importance of keeping lit.B. To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.C. To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D. To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.2014年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解B篇翻译关于肥胖和运动一直有很多普遍而错误的认识和想法。

6. 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(重庆卷)一、单项填空1．C句意：微笑不会损失什么，但是却能给予很多。

本题考查不定代词。

anything任何东西；something某事，某物；nothing没有什么；everything所有事物，一切。

根据句意可知答案为C项。

2．B句意：——为什么不在这儿再待一会儿呢?——我很想再待会儿，但是我真的必须走了。

本题考查情景交际。

A：没关系；B：我很乐意；C：很高兴见到你；D：我找不到任何理由。

3．C句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。

本题考查情态动词。

A：不能，不可能；B：不敢；C：不必；D：可能不。

根据句意可知答案为C项。

4．A句意：你最好在你忘记她的电话号码之前把它写下来。

本题考查动词的时态。

before 引导的是时间状语从句，此处要用一般现在时来表示将来，故选A项。

5．B句意：生产商会定期来收回因质量问题退回到我们店的照相机。

本题考查非谓语动词作定语。

cameras和return之间是被动关系，并且是已经完成的动作，所以要用过去分词。

故选B项。

6．A句意：我不能告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们村里没有姓威尔逊的。

本题考查冠词。

第一个空表示特指，故用定冠词；第二个空表示泛指，表示“一个”，故用不定冠词。

7．D句意：她在转弯处开得如此之快，以至于车差点偏离车道。

本题考查介词。

on在……上；along沿着；from从；off离开，偏离。

根据句意可知答案为D。

8．B句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。

本题考查时态。

分析句子结构可知该空要填宾语从句的谓语动词，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的时态应用过去的某种时态，根据句意可知该空表示过去将要发生的动作，所以要用过去将来时，故选B。

9．A句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。

本题考查定语从句的关系词。

先行词是the sales targets，关系词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以用关系代词which。

2014·重庆卷一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. [2014·重庆卷] A smile costs ________，but gives much.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything1．C考查代词的用法。

句意：微笑什么都不会花费，但却带来很多。

but表示转折，nothing与much形成语义上的对比。

故选C。

2. [2014·重庆卷] —Why not stay here a little longer?—________，but I really have to go.A. Never mindB. I'd love toC. Pleased to meet youD. I can't find any reason2．B考查情景交际。

I'd love to…或I'd like to…是一种委婉的推辞，答语意思是“我本来想留下来，但我不得不离开”。

never mind意为“不要紧，没关系，别紧张”，常用来安慰他人；pleased to meet you用于见面开始时的寒暄；而I can't find any reason则是不礼貌的表达。

3. [2014·重庆卷] I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.A. can'tB. dare notC. needn'tD. may not3．C考查情态动词的用法。

句意：我已经订了披萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭的事情。

need表示必要性；can多表能力或推测；dare表示胆量；may则表示准许或可能。

2014·重庆卷一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. [2014·重庆卷] A smile costs ________，but gives much.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything1．C考查代词的用法。

句意：微笑什么都不会花费，但却带来很多。

but表示转折，nothing与much形成语义上的对比。

故选C。

2. [2014·重庆卷] —Why not stay here a little longer?—________，but I really have to go.A. Never mindB. I'd love toC. Pleased to meet youD. I can't find any reason2．B考查情景交际。

I'd love to…或I'd like to…是一种委婉的推辞，答语意思是“我本来想留下来，但我不得不离开”。

never mind意为“不要紧，没关系，别紧张”，常用来安慰他人；pleased to meet you用于见面开始时的寒暄；而I can't find any reason则是不礼貌的表达。

3. [2014·重庆卷] I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.A. can'tB. dare notC. needn'tD. may not3．C考查情态动词的用法。

句意：我已经订了披萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭的事情。

need表示必要性；can多表能力或推测；dare表示胆量；may则表示准许或可能。

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2014重庆市高考英语（阅读理解）临考训练（3）及答案解析Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.72. Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because .A. they are close in style to works in ancient timesB. they look like works by 19th-century paintersC. they draw attention to common things in lifeD. they depend heavily on color photography73. What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?A. It will not be found in future works of art.B. It does not have a long-lasting standard.C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.D. It is lacking in modern works of art.74. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?A. They express people's curiosity about the past.B. They make people interested in everyday experience.C. They are considered important for variety in form.D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.75. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. History of the arts.B. Basic questions of the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. Use of modern technology in the arts.3答案72.C 73.B 74.D 75.B******************************************************结束(第******篇)Find Which Direction Is SouthDo you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.It’ s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托) with the job of map reading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it’ s still morning. If you don’t know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but you’ll need to be patient.①Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.②Try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. You haven’ t got any string？OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks.⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.⑧That point is south of where you are.⑨Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.[语篇解读]你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。

【2014·重庆卷】CThe idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever acplishing such a thing without artificial aid --- we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the mon basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard（蜥蜴）native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we’ll need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting.”But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this mon thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian”liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water. Now if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles（粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound, it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink --- and take a shower afterward!【小题1】. Walking on water hasn’t bee a reality mainly because humans _______.A. are not interested in itB. have biological limitationsC. have not invented proper toolsD. are afraid to make an attempt【小题2】. What do we know about Basilicus basilicas from the passage?A. It is light enough to walk on water.B. Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C. It can run across water at a certain speedD. Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water【小题3】. What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A. To create a thick liquid.B. To turn the water into solid.C. To help the liquid behave normally.D. To enable the water to move rapidly.【小题4】. What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of human’s walking on water?A. It is risky but beneficial.B. It is interesting and worth tryingC. It is crazy and cannot bee a realityD. It is impractical; though theoretically possible【2014·山东卷】DHow fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don’t forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure you’re brushing long enough. “It’s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,” Several says.Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would e home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.The pany says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, developing on features. The U.S. is the first target market.Serval says that one day, it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.【小题1】56. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush?A. It can sense how users brush their teeth.B. It can track users’ school performance.C. It can detect users’ fear of s eeing a dentist.D. It can help users find their phones.【小题2】57. What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.B. You should see your dentist on a day-to –day basis.C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.D. You’d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.【小题3】58. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?A. It can be used to update mobile phones.B. It can be used to play mobile phone gamesC. It can send messages to other usersD. It can talk to its developers.【小题4】59. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush【小题5】60. What can we infer about Serval’s children?A. They were unwilling to brush their teethB. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.【小题6】61. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?A. The brush handle will be removed.B. A mobile phone will be built into it.C. It will be used to fill holes in teethD. It will be able to check users’ teeth【2014·北京卷】CChoosing the Right Resolution (决定)To reach our goal of losing weight --- the output, we need to control what we eat --- the input ( 输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the oute.Recently a new science behind incentives (激励) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input buthad no effect on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run, these new goals could bee a habit.63. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _______ .A. it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB. it is focused too much on the resultC. it is dependent on too many thingsD. it is based on actionable decisions64. In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ______ .A. they obeyed all the general rulesB. they paid more attention to examsC. they were motivated by their classmatesD. they were rewarded for reading some books65. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A. “I’ll give up desert.”B. “I’ll study harder.”C. “I’ll cut down my expense”D. “I’ll spend more time with my family”66. The writer strongly believes that we should ________ .A. develop good habits and focus on the outeB. be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD. set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output【2014·四川卷】EWomen are friendly. But men are more petitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently."Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be petitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations andour body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize petitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went tlirough the same procedure with the other material.Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from petition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize petitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."【小题1】. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A. Placebo.B. Oxytocin.C. The gesture.D. The social status.【小题2】. What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.【小题3】. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B. To know the differences between friendship and petition.C. To know people's different abilities to answer questions.D. To test people's understanding of body language.【小题4】. The author develops the text by______.A. explaining people's behaviorsB. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differencesD. discussing research experiments【2014·湖北卷】CWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒）in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons pared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的）tasks not becaus e they aren’t clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. Ifsome individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.【小题1】What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research.B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.C.The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.【小题2】According to the research, which baboons are more likely to plete a new learning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.【小题3】Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.【小题4】Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding different peopleD. travelling between social groups【2014·江苏卷】CMost damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longerregard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Mostand the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.【小题1】The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.A. usually has a biological basisB. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shapedD. influences one’s thinking and evaluation【小题2】What changes can be found in an angry brain? ZXXKA. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.【小题3】Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger.B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked.D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.【小题4】What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions.B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger.D. Behavioural patterns of anger.【2014·天津卷】BA world-famous Canadian author, Margaret Atwood, has created the world’s first long-distance signing device(装置), the LongPen.After many tiring……from city to city, Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them . She hired some technical experts and started her own pany in 2004. Together they designed the LongPen. Here’s how it works: The author writes a personal message and signature on a puter tablet(手写板) using a special pen. On the receiving end, in another city, a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book. The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(络摄像机) and puter screens。