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小学高年级英语写作训练的策略

小学高年级英语写作训练的策略
小学高年级英语写作训练的策略

小学高年级英语写作训练的策略

(一)充分挖掘教材写作素材。如果我们深入研究一下现在小学生所用的英语课本,比如少儿灵通英语、pep英语和牛津英语,我们就会发现,这些教材在听、说、读三方面比较侧重,而在写的方面体现不多或是缺乏深度。但这并不是说,这些教材中没有写作素材可挖,相反,这些教材中都蕴含着丰富的写作素材,只要教师善于挖掘,那是取之不尽的。进一步来说,从这些教材挖掘出来的写作素材适合小学生进行写作训练,因为在写作之前,学生在听、说、读三项语言技能和词汇、句型、语法等语言知识上具有了一定的基础,只要对课本内容加以延伸与拓展,就可以获得适合学生的写作素材。

案例一:六年级灵通英语课本中的故事板块enjoy it!就是一个很好的写作素材。比如我在教学第二单元中的enjoy it!时,在引导学生观察、想象故事主情景图所提供的信息的基础上,让学生自由组合小组,口头上围绕主情景图自编自演故事,再鼓励学生把自编的故事写下来。学生在写作过程的表现是积极、主动的,写出的作品也是多姿多彩的。下面是一篇经过修改过的学生写的故事。

mr. mouse two

(mr. mouse is at the airport. look! a big foot! mr. mouse is very scared.)

mr. mouse: oh, the foot is so big! whose foot is it?

man: it's mine!

(mr. mouse is late. he's in a hurry. he forgot his phone.)

mr. mouse: oh, shoot! i forgot my phone.

(ms. mouse has a phone. she throws her phone to mr. mouse.)

ms. mouse: here, use mine. dear, don't forget to call me!

mr. mouse: ok.

(mr. mouse catches the phone and runs to the plane.)

ms. mouse: have fun!

mr. mouse: thanks. bye!

案例二:上海版牛津英语6a module 1 unit 3 look, read and write这个内容虽然有写方面的要求,但只是让学生在这封信中填单词,要求比较低,与真正的写作还有距离。我在处理这个教学内容时,正值国庆放假时间,发现这是一个很好的写作机会,所以我给学生讲了写英语书信的格式,并作相应的引导后,要求学生把假期里所做的事情通过书信的方式告诉我,并作为假期回家作业。虽然学生的英语书面表达能力有限,但都能完成,部分学生的作文比较出色。下面是其中一篇经过适当修改的学生作文。

a letter to mike

6 october 2010

dear mike,

friday was a national day. our family went to visited world expo. we visited many beautiful some pavilions. we took some pictures. the expo is large. we felt very tired.

on saturday, we went to happy valley. we played 1200 meters long roller coaster. it's very exciting. we bought some souvenirs.

on sunday we went to hualian supermarket. we bought some snacks, some biscuits, some milk and bread.

write soon.

janet

2.造句训练。语篇是由句子构成的,造句能力直接影响着写作能力。所以,加强造句训练显得尤为必要。在实际教学中,我在课内外有意识地让学生结合所学句型结构进行口头或书面造句,经常为学生提供一个结合实际生活的情景或语境,避免注重语言形式,忽视语言内容,脱离一定的情景或语境。比如,在学习了牛津英语6a module 1 unit 3中的句型we’re going to take ... to ... 之后,我让学生利用这个句型造句,有的说:“we're going to take a bus to hangzhou.”,有的说:“we're going to take a spacecraft to moon.”,学生的造句很丰富,也很精彩。又比如,在学习了牛津6a module 2 unit 1有关职业知识后,我提出一个问题:“what do you want to be? why?”有的学生回答:“i want to be a doctor. i like to help the sick people.”,有的学生说:“i want to be a teacher because i like children.”,等等。

3.同义句转换训练。在小学生的英语作文中,句型单调重复是一个普遍现象。小学高年级学生已经学习了一定数量的句型,进行同义句转换训练的时机也已经比较成熟。比如,‘my favorite class is english.’可以用‘i like english best.’转换,‘i’m going to take a bus to shanghai.’可以用‘i’m going to shanghai by bus.’转换,等等。

4.中英文互译。虽然我们提倡学生写作时用英语思维进行表达,但是受到母语思维的影响和干扰,所以在学生作文中出现的所谓“中国式英语”还是很多的,这是一个现实问题。比如,学生常把“我喜欢的食物是面包。”翻译为“ilike the food is bread.”,把“我有时和妈妈一起购物。”翻译为“i sometimes with mother together go shopping.”等等。面对这样的问题,除了继续大力培养英语思维外,对学生进行适当的中英文互译训练是有益处的,能让学生更好地理解母语和英语在表达方式上的差异,从而更好地用英语表达。

(四)采用案例分析,及时纠正语言错误。学生的作文中出现错误是难免的,应该允许学生在作文中犯错,关键是让学生学会从错误中学习。对于学生作文中的错误,应该指出并及时纠正,给学生一个正确的语言规范。在实际教学中,我经常结合具有典型错误的学生作文案例进行分析,及时纠正。下面这篇作文是学生的原文,里面划线部分的错误是典型的,有标点使用错误,有大小写错误,有用词错误,有动词时态错误,有动词语态错误,有单复数错误,还有句子结构错误等。

my friend

i have a good friend, she name is vivian. she is twelve years old. i'm tall but she is taller.

she like play basketball and read a book. she is 160 centimeters tall and 40 kilogramme heavy. she is taller

than mine and heavier than mine. we usually play together after school. we always each other help. she live in xiashi. i live in yuanhua. we never go to school together.

实践证明,反复指出并及时纠正学生作文中的语言错误,有利于减少学生作文中的错误,更有利于学生形成正确的语言规范。

(五)开展小组合作写作。合作学习是新课程理念所倡导的一种学习方式,它在心理学和社会学上有着充分的理论依据。所以,在小学生英语写作教学中开展小组合作写作是符合新课程理念的,是值得实践的。开展小组合作写作的目的主要是让学生发挥共同的智慧,形成合力,提高写作能力,增强写作信心,写出更好的作品。那么如何实现这个目的呢?我想结合自己的教学实践提出几点做法:第一,尊重学生个人意愿,让学生自由组合小组,教师适当干预,让学生自己推选小组长,小组人数3-4人为宜。第二,采用多样化的合作技巧,确保人人参与。可以让一个小组成员执笔,其他小组成员共同参与,共同写初稿,再共同修改,最后共同定稿;也可以让小组成员轮流执笔,独立完成初稿,其他小组成员共同修改初稿,

最后共同定稿。第三,开展小组之间的写作竞赛,营造舆论氛围,让每个小组更具凝聚力,让每个小组更具竞争意识,不仅要评选优胜小组,而且也要评选进步小组,实现最大程度地共同提高。

(六)巧用评价,激发学生的写作内驱力。要激发学生写作的兴趣,增强学生写作的自信心,不断提高学生的写作能力,让学生体验写作的快乐感与成功感,就需要教师合理地运用评价方法,充分发挥评价的导向、激励、调节等功能,激活学生的写作内驱力。在写作教学中,我主要采用了以下三种方法:第一,展示学生作品。定期把所任教班级中的优秀作文打印出来,并装订成作文选,每位学生一本,要求学生认真阅读同学的作文,也要求学生带回家与父母分享。第二,评选写作优秀之星和写作进步之星。对学生的每次作文进行等级评定,根据评定的等级评选出一定数量的写作优秀之星和写作进步之星,并把结果公布在英语家校联系单。第三,英语测试增加“作文”项目,并且作为基本题出现。以前的英语测试卷上没有“作文”项目,或是仅把“作文”作为附加题,这样的试卷没有给学生一个明确的写作上的评价导向,或者说是评价的随意性比较大,这样就导致学生在思想上不重视写作,也导致学生的写作能力发展滞后。

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