机械类创新型人才培养模式

在国外高校，教学方式灵活多样，而且教师在教学过程中重视采用现代教育技术，将复杂问题简单化、抽象问题直观化、静态问题动态化、间接问题直接化。

In foreign universities, flexible and varied teaching methods, and teachers in the teaching process attaches great importance to the modern education technology, the complex problem simplification, abstraction visualizations, static dynamic, indirect problems directly.首先在课堂教学上使用多媒体技术，注重启发式、讨论式教学，强调师生互动，充分调动学生的积极性，培养学生的创造性思维。

如莫斯科鲍曼技术大学，课堂讨论是机械设计教学的一个重要形式，与实验课穿插进行。

课堂讨论主要针对机械设计教学中一些重点、难点内容着重讲解并进行讨论。

而美国的大学，教师既鼓励学生在课堂上积极参与有关教学内容的讨论，更鼓励学生在课外利用网络技术自主学习、交流和提高。

The first to use the multimedia technology in classroom teaching, pay attention to the heuristic, discussion-based teaching, emphasizes the interaction between teachers and students, fully arouse the enthusiasm of students, develop students' creative thinking. Such as bauman Moscow university of technology, classroom discussion is an important form of machine design teaching, and experiment with. Class discussion is mainly aiming at some important and difficult contents in machine design teaching and emphasis on discussion. And American universities, teachers are encouraging students to participate actively in class discussions relating to the teaching content, students are encouraged to make use of network technology in extracurricular autonomous learning, and improve communication.其次在实践教学环节上，提倡学生在课外、校外组织科学性和创造性的活动，以提高实践能力和创新能力。

国外不少高校特别重视大学生的实践锻炼，在鲍曼大学，机械设计课程开设的实验较多。

整个学期学生要做10个实验，实验前指导教师在学校的教学平台上建立自己的课程资源库，及时向学生发布实验信息，学生可在网上下载教师所提供的与实验有关的信息资源，包括实验指导书、PPT课件以及提交实验报告、提问答疑等。

Secondly on practice teaching link, promote students science and creative activities outside the classroom and outside the organization, in order to improve the practice ability and innovation ability. Quite a lot of special attention to the practice of university students in colleges and universities abroad, in bauman university, the experiment of mechanical design courses. Throughout the semester students will do 10 experiment, the experiment before the guidance teachers in the school teaching platform to build their own repositories, timely information experiment to the students, students can download online teachers provided by the information resources with the experiment, including experimental instruction, the PPT courseware and submit test report, answer questions, etc.1.3 考核方式多元化1.3 the inspection mode diversification国外高校考核方式呈现多元化的特点，更注重学生应用能力而非记忆性知识的考核，平/ / /时成绩所占比重较大。

在平时成绩的考核上也呈现多样化，例如很多课程都有演示作业，就是以小组形式把自己做的作业制成幻灯片演示给大家，这种方式能够加强学生对所学课程前沿资料的涉猎和提高软件应用能力、表达具有体现灵活性、开放性的特点，很大程度上体现了崇尚自由、鼓励创新、勇于实践和彰显个性的精神实质。

如新加坡国立大学机械工程学院有些本科生课程实行“一页开卷”，允许学生在考试时将课程内容抄到一页A4纸上带入考场，这样可以使学生省去大量背诵笔记的时间。

再如德国波鸿鲁尔大学机械原理零件课程考试为开卷笔试，学生可以带任何工具书、教材及参考书入场，题型丰富，题量极大，最后评卷按得分百分比综合处理。

The characteristics of diversified assessment way on foreign universities, pay more attention to students' application ability rather than the memory knowledge examination, grades account for a large proportion. On the grades of the assessment are diversified, such as many courses have a demo work, is in the form of team to do the homework made powerpoint presentations to you, this way can strengthen students have dabbled in the course cutting-edge materials and improve software application ability, expression reflects the characteristic of flexibility, openness, largely reflects the freedom, encourage innovation, to practice and personality spirit. Some undergraduate courses such as the national university of Singapore institute of mechanical engineering practice the "one page open book", allows students in the exam course content is copied to a page of A4 paper into the exam, so that we can make students eliminate a large number of recitation notes. Again like Germany BoHongLuEr university mechanical principle components for open book written examination, students can take any reference book, teaching material and reference books, rich topic, the topic quantity is great, the final evaluation according to the scoring percentage of comprehensive treatment.2 对我国机械类创新型人才培养的启示2 machinery innovative talent cultivating enlightenment to our country我国的创新教育起步较晚，虽然当前已经步入正常的发展轨道，取得了一定的成绩，但由于经验不足以及我国的基本国情，导致创新教育中存在着一些问题。

因此，发达国家经验对我国高等学校的创新教育有诸多启示。

Innovative education in China starts late, although the current has been into the normal track, has made some achievements, but due to the inadequate experience and our country's basic national conditions, cause there are some problems in the innovation education. As a result, the developed countries experience of innovative education in colleges and universities in China have a lot of inspiration.2.1 加强现代教育技术在课堂教学中的应用2.1 to strengthen the modern education technology application in classroom teaching针对我国大学生普遍存在搜集资料和信息处理能力不强这一现实，应加强网络技术在教学中的应用，培养学生搜集信息和处理信息的能力。